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searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian engineer</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Josef Kates</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Waterloo_people#Chancellors" title="List of University of Waterloo people">Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1979–1985</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Pollock" title="Carl Pollock">Carl Pollock</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Ostry" title="Sylvia Ostry">Sylvia Ostry</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President/Vice Chancellor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burt_Matthews" title="Burt Matthews">Burt Matthews</a> (1979-1981)<br /><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T._Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas T. Wright">Douglas T. Wright</a> (1981-1985)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-05-05</span>)</span>May 5, 1921<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 16, 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-06-16)</span> (aged 97)<br /><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Goethe-Realschule<br /><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Josef Kates</b>, born <i>Josef Katz</i>, (May 5, 1921 – June 16, 2018) was a Canadian engineer whose achievements include designing the first <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_video_games" title="Early history of video games">digital game-playing</a> machine, and the world's first automated <a href="/wiki/Traffic_light_control_and_coordination" title="Traffic light control and coordination">traffic signalling</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelmann_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kates&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born the fifth of six children in an <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a>-Jewish family, Josef Kates was the son of Baruch (Bernard) and Anna Katz (née Entenberg).<sup id="cite_ref-Lumley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lumley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents ran a grocery store and an import-export business in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kates fled to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> to escape the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazis</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> in 1938 and then, in 1939, joined the rest of his family which had fled to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Kates enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> but, before he could see service, he and other Germans and Austrians resident in Britain were interned as <a href="/wiki/Enemy_alien" title="Enemy alien">enemy aliens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-queen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kates was deported to Canada where he remained interned for almost two years until he and most of his fellow Jewish internees were recognised by the government as "victims of Nazi aggression" and released.<sup id="cite_ref-mackay_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackay-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the camps in New Brunswick and Quebec, Kates fished, worked as a lumberjack, knitted socks and studied for his high school diploma through <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>'s high school matriculation program, placing first in Quebec's province-wide exams.<sup id="cite_ref-queen_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his release in 1942, he moved to Toronto<sup id="cite_ref-Engelmann_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he met Lillian Kroch, marrying her in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had four children: Louis, Naomi, Celina and Philip A.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was educated at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goethe-Realschule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goethe-Realschule (page does not exist)">Goethe-Realschule</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>: 1931-1938); <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>: 1941, junior and senior matriculation); <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>: 1944-1948, Honours in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a>; 1948-1949: M.A. in Applied Math; 1949-1951: Ph.D. in Physics).<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Simmons_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simmons-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kates&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kates started his career working for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Optical_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial Optical Company (page does not exist)">Imperial Optical Company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> in 1942, and was in charge of precision optics for <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> equipment until he left in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelmann_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then spent time working for <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Vacuum_Tube_Company" title="Rogers Vacuum Tube Company">Rogers Vacuum Tube Company</a>, (now <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philips_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Philips Electronics">Royal Philips Electronics</a>), for the next four years in the development and manufacturing of radar and radio tubes.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then began work in 1948 at the University of Toronto Computation Centre, where he participated in the design and building of <a href="/wiki/UTEC" title="UTEC">UTEC</a>, the first pilot model of a computer built in Canada. </p><p>Kates also built the first digital game playing machine, the 13-foot tall <a href="/wiki/Bertie_the_Brain" title="Bertie the Brain">Bertie the Brain</a>, which was exhibited at the 1950 <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Exhibition" title="Canadian National Exhibition">Canadian National Exhibition</a>. The game was a version of <a href="/wiki/Tic-tac-toe" title="Tic-tac-toe">Tic-tac-toe</a>, with adjustable difficulty levels. The game machine controlled the lighting of an overhead display to show the progress of the game,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was built using a special electron tube, the <a href="/wiki/Additron_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Additron Tube">Additron Tube</a>, which Kates had invented.<sup id="cite_ref-Simmons_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simmons-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mackay_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackay-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Additron Tube did the work of ten existing radio tubes, reducing the size and complexity of the machine.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the advent of <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a>, which were much smaller and required less power, the tube was not put into commercial use.<sup id="cite_ref-hagerty_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagerty-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kates also designed Toronto's automated traffic signalling system in 1954 - the first in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelmann_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McLean_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLean-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hagerty_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagerty-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kates founded and became the President of KCS Ltd in Toronto between 1954 and 1966, which merged with the consulting arm of Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. to become Kates, Peat, Marwick & Co. in Canada, with other corporations in the US and the UK, for which he acted as a co-managing partner.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelmann_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as a computer consultant to many Canadian and American firms and organizations. He was involved in the creation of <i>Setak Computer Services Corp. Ltd.</i> (his last name spelled backwards) which was based in Toronto; it offered computer access and consulting based on <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs</a> computers, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_large_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Burroughs large systems">B5500</a>. Setak's employee Barry W. Ramer later went on to found Barry W. Ramer & Partners Ltd. and Ramer Data Consulting Ltd. Management Consulting in Calgary Alberta. In 1974 he founded Josef Kates Associates Inc., for which he acted as president.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelmann_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Science_Council_of_Canada" title="Science Council of Canada">Science Council of Canada</a>, and served as its chairman from 1975 to 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Engelmann_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Simmons_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simmons-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MontGaz_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MontGaz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kates was also chairman, CEO and director of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleride_Sage_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleride Sage Ltd (page does not exist)">Teleride Sage Ltd</a>. (1977–1996),<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=IRD_Teleride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IRD Teleride (page does not exist)">IRD Teleride</a> (1996–1997) followed until his retirement. </p><p>In 2014, at the age of 93, Kates designed a proposed improvement for Toronto Transit Commission subway system.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His wife, Lillian Kroch, died of cancer in 1993 after almost 50 years of marriage. In 1995, Kates married his second wife, Kay Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kates died in Toronto on June 16, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-mackay_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackay-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kates&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Canadian Good Roads Association (now Transportation Association of Canada (1957: best paper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a> (Waterloo: 1979-85, Chancellor;<sup id="cite_ref-Leader_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leader-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1993: Chancellor Emeritus)<sup id="cite_ref-Lumley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lumley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>LL.D. (<a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concordia University (Quebec)">Concordia University</a>: 1981)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Medal from the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Institute_of_Canada" title="Engineering Institute of Canada">Engineering Institute of Canada</a> (1970)</li> <li>Julian Smith Medal (1977)</li> <li>Engineering Institute of Canada (1990: Fellow)</li> <li>Canadian Association of Management Consultants (1994: Fellow)</li> <li>Doctor of Mathematics (DMath) (University of Waterloo) (2005)</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Intelligent Transportation systems association of Canada Lifetime achievement Award, 2013</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kates&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Toronto)" title="Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)">Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)</a> (member of the Board of Governors)</li> <li>Technion University, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (member of the Canadian Board)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donalda_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donalda Club (page does not exist)">Donalda Club</a> (Toronto)<sup id="cite_ref-Lumley_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lumley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canadian Board of the Weizmann Institute (Israel)<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kates&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Simone Gigliotti, Monica Tempian ed.: <i>The young victims of the Nazi regime</i>, ch. 2: Andrea Strutz, <i>"Detour to Canada". The fate of juvenil Austrian-jewish refugees after the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> of 1938.</i> Bloomsbury, London 2016 (Interviews with Kates and 3 other persons)</li> <li>Andrea Strutz: <i>Effects of the cultural capital in careers of young Austrian refugees in Canada. A biographical approach to their life</i>, in Klaus-Dieter Ertler, Patrick Imbert ed.: <i>Cultural Challenges of Migration in Canada- Les défis culturels de la migration au Canada.</i> Serie: Canadiana - Literaturen/Kulturen, Literatures/Cultures, vol. 12. Peter Lang, Berne 2013 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783631626344" title="Special:BookSources/9783631626344">9783631626344</a> pp 175 – 193 (relying on interviews with Kates and Josef Eisinger)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kates&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Waterloo_people" title="List of University of Waterloo people">List of University of Waterloo people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kates&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Engelmann-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Engelmann_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engelmann_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engelmann_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engelmann_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engelmann_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engelmann_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engelmann_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Engelmann, Frederick C. (1996) <i>A History of the Austrian Migration to Canada</i>, Carleton University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88629-283-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88629-283-6">978-0-88629-283-6</a>, p. 184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lumley-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lumley_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lumley_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lumley_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lumley, Elizabeth (2004) <i>Canadian Who's Who 2004: v. 39</i>, University of Toronto Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8892-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8892-5">978-0-8020-8892-5</a>, p. 669</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043012/http://www.insidetoronto.com/news-story/69175-computer-pioneer-named-to-order-of-canada/">"Computer pioneer named to Order of Canada"</a>. <i>North York Mirror</i>. September 30, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidetoronto.com/news-story/69175-computer-pioneer-named-to-order-of-canada/">the original</a> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+York+Mirror&rft.atitle=Computer+pioneer+named+to+Order+of+Canada&rft.date=2011-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidetoronto.com%2Fnews-story%2F69175-computer-pioneer-named-to-order-of-canada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosef+Kates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-queen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-queen_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-queen_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toronto.com/news-story/69175-computer-pioneer-named-to-order-of-canada/">"Computer pioneer named to Order of Canada"</a>. Sep 30, 2011 by Lisa Queen, <i>North York Mirror </i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mackay-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mackay_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mackay_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mackay_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-josef-kates-97-was-a-visionary-scientist-who-believed-computers/">"Josef Kates, 97, was a visionary scientist who believed computers ‘could do everything’"</a>. Susan Ferrier MacKay, <i>The Globe and Mail</i>, July 6, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmes, Gillian (ed.) (2001) <i>Who's Who in Canadian Business 2001</i>, University of Toronto Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920966-60-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920966-60-0">978-0-920966-60-0</a>, p. 421-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmons-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Simmons, Marlene (1975) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rKYyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pe0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=916,3790974&dq=josef-kates&hl=en">Bertie the Brain Programmer Heads Science Council</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a></i>, October 8, 1975, retrieved 2010-10-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgamer.net/articles/the-most-important-early-computer-and-video-games">"The Ten Most Important Early Computer and Video Games"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121132314/https://www.usgamer.net/articles/the-most-important-early-computer-and-video-games">Archived</a> 2020-11-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>US Gamer</i>, by Jaz Rignall, March 23, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a23660/bertie-the-brain/">"Bertie the Brain Still Lives. The story of the world's first arcade game."</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>, By Matt Blitz, Nov 2, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagerty-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hagerty_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hagerty_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/josef-kates-found-ways-to-unsnarl-traffic-and-solve-business-problems-with-computers-1532704541">"Josef Kates Found Ways to Unsnarl Traffic and Solve Business Problems With Computers"</a>. James R. Hagerty, <i>Wall Street Journal</i>, July 27, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLean-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McLean_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLean, James W. (1966) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=spouAAAAIBAJ&sjid=np8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6276,6337784&dq=josef-kates&hl=en">The Phony Ogre of Automation</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a></i>, February 26, 1966, retrieved 2010-10-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MontGaz-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MontGaz_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KgowAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZqQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=998,2275054&dq=josef-kates&hl=en">Ottawa Needs to be Positive for Industry to Compete: Kates</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a></i>, June 9, 1978, retrieved 2010-10-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, Bob (1978) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rVA_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=X1IMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1461,3506724&dq=josef-kates&hl=en">Economic Summit a very vital meeting</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Star" title="Windsor Star">Windsor Star</a></i>, February 11, 1978, retrieved 2010-10-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/03/31/big_ideas_bring_back_bay_lower_station_to_relieve_yongeuniversity_line.html">"Big Ideas: Bring back Bay Lower Station to relieve Yonge-University line"</a>. By Laura KaneStaff, <i>Toronto Star</i>, March 31, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leader-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leader_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d5JVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-z8NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3006,478828&dq=josef-kates&hl=en">Benefits of Computers Cited</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Leader-Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader-Post">Leader-Post</a></i>, January 18, 1982, retrieved 2010-10-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002112856/http://archives.concordia.ca/kates">"Honorary Degree Citation - Josef Kates | Concordia University Archives"</a>. <i>archives.concordia.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.concordia.ca/kates">the original</a> on 2015-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.concordia.ca&rft.atitle=Honorary+Degree+Citation+-+Josef+Kates+%7C+Concordia+University+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.concordia.ca%2Fkates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosef+Kates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=14175&lan=eng">"Appointments to the Order of Canada"</a>. June 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appointments+to+the+Order+of+Canada&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fdocument.aspx%3Fid%3D14175%26lan%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosef+Kates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Arthur_Pollock" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Arthur Pollock">Carl Arthur Pollock</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a> </b><br />1979–1985 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._Page_Wadsworth" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Page Wadsworth">J. Page Wadsworth</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_Waterloo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#000000; color:#FDD017;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Waterloo" title="Template:University of Waterloo"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FDD017">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Waterloo" title="Template talk:University of Waterloo"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FDD017">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Waterloo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Waterloo"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FDD017">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Waterloo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo"><span style="color:#FDD017;">University of Waterloo</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Faculties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Faculty_of_Health" title="University of Waterloo Faculty of Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Faculty_of_Arts" title="University of Waterloo Faculty of Arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="University of Waterloo Faculty of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Faculty_of_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo Faculty of Environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Faculty_of_Mathematics" title="University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Faculty_of_Science" title="University of Waterloo Faculty of Science">Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Accounting_and_Finance" title="University of Waterloo School of Accounting and Finance">Accounting and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Architecture" title="University of Waterloo School of Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Cheriton_School_of_Computer_Science" title="David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science">Computer Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Conrad_School_of_Entrepreneurship_and_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo Conrad School of Entrepreneurship and Business">Entrepreneurship and Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Environment,_Enterprise_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo School of Environment, Enterprise and Development">Environment, Enterprise and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Environment,_Resources_and_Sustainability" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability">Environment, Resources and Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Stratford_School_of_Interaction_Design_and_Business" title="University of Waterloo Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business">Interaction Design and Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsillie_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Balsillie School of International Affairs">International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Optometry_and_Vision_Science" title="University of Waterloo School of Optometry and Vision Science">Optometry and Vision Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Pharmacy" title="University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Planning" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo School of Planning">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Public_Health_and_Health_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo School of Public Health and Health Systems">Public Health and Health Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renison_University_College#School_of_Social_Work" title="Renison University College">Social Work</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;"><a href="/wiki/University_college" title="University college">Colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel_University_College" title="Conrad Grebel University College">Conrad Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renison_University_College" title="Renison University College">Renison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Jerome%27s_University" title="St. Jerome's University">St. Jerome's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_College,_Waterloo" title="United College, Waterloo">United College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">Satellite campuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Health_Sciences_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo Health Sciences Campus">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_School_of_Architecture" title="University of Waterloo School of Architecture">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Stratford_School_of_Interaction_Design_and_Business" title="University of Waterloo Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business">Stratford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Vision_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Vision Science">Museum of Vision Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Education_in_Mathematics_and_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing">Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Cryptographic_Research" title="Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research">Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Quantum_Computing" title="Institute for Quantum Computing">Institute for Quantum Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Avedon_Museum_and_Archive_of_Games" title="Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games">Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games</a> <small>(former)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Undergraduate_Student_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo Undergraduate Student Association">Undergraduate Student Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_Engineering_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Waterloo Engineering Society">Engineering Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CKMS-FM" title="CKMS-FM">CKMS-FM</a> <small>(former)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Athletics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Warriors" title="Waterloo Warriors">Waterloo Warriors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Warriors_men%27s_basketball" title="Waterloo Warriors men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Warriors_football" title="Waterloo Warriors football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Warriors_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Waterloo Warriors women's ice hockey">Women's ice hockey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrior_Field" title="Warrior Field">Warrior Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Chancellors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Porter" title="Dana Porter">Dana Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Needles" title="Ira Needles">Ira G. Needles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Pollock" title="Carl Pollock">Carl Arthur Pollock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Josef Kates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Page_Wadsworth" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Page Wadsworth">J. Page Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Ostry" title="Sylvia Ostry">Sylvia Ostry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_O%27Donovan" title="Val O'Donovan">Val O'Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lazaridis" title="Mike Lazaridis">Mike Lazaridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Watsa" title="Prem Watsa">Prem Watsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Barton" title="Dominic Barton">Dominic Barton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Hagey" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry Hagey">Gerry Hagey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Petch" title="Howard Petch">Howard Petch</a> (pro tem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Matthews" title="Burt Matthews">Burt Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T._Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas T. Wright">Douglas T. Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Downey_(academic)" title="James Downey (academic)">James Downey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_Johnston" class="mw-redirect" title="David Lloyd Johnston">David Lloyd Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feridun_Hamdullahpur" title="Feridun Hamdullahpur">Feridun Hamdullahpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Goel" title="Vivek Goel">Vivek Goel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5f5f5;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Waterloo_people" title="List of University of Waterloo people">Notable alumni and faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Sun_Solar_Race_Team" title="Midnight Sun Solar Race Team">Midnight Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo_station" title="University of Waterloo station">Transit station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprint (newspaper)">Imprint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Early_history_of_video_games_(1947-1971)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_history_of_video_games" title="Template:Early history of video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_history_of_video_games" title="Template talk:Early history of video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_history_of_video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early history of video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_history_of_video_games_(1947-1971)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_video_games" title="Early history of video games">Early history of video games</a> (1947-1971)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analog and lightbulb games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube_amusement_device" title="Cathode-ray tube amusement device">Cathode-ray tube amusement device</a> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bertie_the_Brain" title="Bertie the Brain">Bertie the Brain</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(computer)" title="Nimrod (computer)">Nimrod</a> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmonette" title="Carmonette">Carmonette</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hutspiel" title="Hutspiel">Hutspiel</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tennis_for_Two" title="Tennis for Two">Tennis for Two</a></i> (1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_chess#History_2" title="Computer chess">Early Chess programs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Turochamp" title="Turochamp">Turochamp</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_chess" title="Los Alamos chess">Los Alamos Chess</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kotok-McCarthy" title="Kotok-McCarthy">Kotok-McCarthy</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mac_Hack" title="Mac Hack">Mac Hack</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaissa" title="Kaissa">Kaissa</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cray_Blitz" title="Cray Blitz">Blitz</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_(Northwestern_University)" title="Chess (Northwestern University)">Chess</a></i> (1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_mainframe_games" title="Early mainframe games">Early mainframe games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/OXO_(video_game)" title="OXO (video game)">OXO</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spacewar!" title="Spacewar!">Spacewar!</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marienbad_(video_game)" title="Marienbad (video game)">Marienbad</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sumerian_Game" title="The Sumerian Game">The Sumerian Game</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamurabi_(video_game)" title="Hamurabi (video game)">Hamurabi</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Travel_(video_game)" title="Space Travel (video game)">Space Travel</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)" title="Lunar Lander (video game genre)">Lunar Lander</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_(1971_video_game)" title="Star Trek (1971 video game)">Star Trek</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First arcade games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Space" title="Computer Space">Computer Space</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Game" title="Galaxy Game">Galaxy Game</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Addis" title="Mabel Addis">Mabel Addis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Ahl" title="David H. Ahl">David Ahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Baer" title="Ralph H. Baer">Ralph Baer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Makepeace_Bennett" title="John Makepeace Bennett">John Makepeace Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Champernowne" class="mw-redirect" title="David Champernowne">David Champernowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Dabney" title="Ted Dabney">Ted Dabney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Douglas" title="Sandy Douglas">Sandy Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Goldsmith_Jr." title="Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr.">Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Higinbotham" title="William Higinbotham">William Higinbotham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Josef Kates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Russell_(computer_scientist)" title="Steve Russell (computer scientist)">Steve Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6279925#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6279925#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6279925#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123077478">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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