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@property {?Function} readyCallback */ /** * Support tests. * @typedef SupportTests * @type {object} * @property {?boolean} flag * @property {?boolean} emoji */ /** * IIFE to detect emoji support and load Twemoji if needed. * * @param {Window} window * @param {Document} document * @param {WPEmojiSettings} settings */ ( function wpEmojiLoader( window, document, settings ) { if ( typeof Promise === 'undefined' ) { return; } var sessionStorageKey = 'wpEmojiSettingsSupports'; var tests = [ 'flag', 'emoji' ]; /** * Checks whether the browser supports offloading to a Worker. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {boolean} */ function supportsWorkerOffloading() { return ( typeof Worker !== 'undefined' && typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && typeof URL !== 'undefined' && URL.createObjectURL && typeof Blob !== 'undefined' ); } /** * @typedef SessionSupportTests * @type {object} * @property {number} timestamp * @property {SupportTests} supportTests */ /** * Get support tests from session. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {?SupportTests} Support tests, or null if not set or older than 1 week. */ function getSessionSupportTests() { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = JSON.parse( sessionStorage.getItem( sessionStorageKey ) ); if ( typeof item === 'object' && typeof item.timestamp === 'number' && new Date().valueOf() < item.timestamp + 604800 && // Note: Number is a week in seconds. typeof item.supportTests === 'object' ) { return item.supportTests; } } catch ( e ) {} return null; } /** * Persist the supports in session storage. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {SupportTests} supportTests Support tests. */ function setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ) { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = { supportTests: supportTests, timestamp: new Date().valueOf() }; sessionStorage.setItem( sessionStorageKey, JSON.stringify( item ) ); } catch ( e ) {} } /** * Checks if two sets of Emoji characters render the same visually. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.9.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} set1 Set of Emoji to test. * @param {string} set2 Set of Emoji to test. * * @return {boolean} True if the two sets render the same. */ function emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, set1, set2 ) { // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set1, 0, 0 ); var rendered1 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set2, 0, 0 ); var rendered2 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); return rendered1.every( function ( rendered2Data, index ) { return rendered2Data === rendered2[ index ]; } ); } /** * Determines if the browser properly renders Emoji that Twemoji can supplement. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} type Whether to test for support of "flag" or "emoji". * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {boolean} True if the browser can render emoji, false if it cannot. */ function browserSupportsEmoji( context, type, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var isIdentical; switch ( type ) { case 'flag': /* * Test for Transgender flag compatibility. Added in Unicode 13. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (white flag emoji + transgender symbol). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200D\u26A7\uFE0F', // as a zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200B\u26A7\uFE0F' // separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for UN flag compatibility. This is the least supported of the letter locale flags, * so gives us an easy test for full support. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly ([U] + [N]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF3', // as the sequence of two code points '\uD83C\uDDFA\u200B\uD83C\uDDF3' // as the two code points separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for English flag compatibility. England is a country in the United Kingdom, it * does not have a two letter locale code but rather a five letter sub-division code. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (black flag emoji + [G] + [B] + [E] + [N] + [G]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, // as the flag sequence '\uD83C\uDFF4\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC62\uDB40\uDC65\uDB40\uDC6E\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC7F', // with each code point separated by a zero-width space '\uD83C\uDFF4\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC62\u200B\uDB40\uDC65\u200B\uDB40\uDC6E\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC7F' ); return ! isIdentical; case 'emoji': /* * Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. * * To test for Emoji 15.0 support, try to render a new emoji: Blackbird. * * The Blackbird is a ZWJ sequence combining 🐦 Bird and ⬛ large black square., * * 0x1F426 (\uD83D\uDC26) == Bird * 0x200D == Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) that links the code points for the new emoji or * 0x200B == Zero-Width Space (ZWS) that is rendered for clients not supporting the new emoji. * 0x2B1B == Large Black Square * * When updating this test for future Emoji releases, ensure that individual emoji that make up the * sequence come from older emoji standards. */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83D\uDC26\u200D\u2B1B', // as the zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83D\uDC26\u200B\u2B1B' // separated by a zero-width space ); return ! isIdentical; } return false; } /** * Checks emoji support tests. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {string[]} tests Tests. * @param {Function} browserSupportsEmoji Reference to browserSupportsEmoji function, needed due to minification. * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {SupportTests} Support tests. */ function testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var canvas; if ( typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope ) { canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( 300, 150 ); // Dimensions are default for HTMLCanvasElement. } else { canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' ); } var context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { willReadFrequently: true } ); /* * Chrome on OS X added native emoji rendering in M41. Unfortunately, * it doesn't work when the font is bolder than 500 weight. 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href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Learning-from-All-Operations-FINAL.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignright wp-image-46598" src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Learning-from-All-Operations-cover-163x211.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="259" /></a>In an increasingly interconnected and complex aviation system, it is imperative to learn not only from things that rarely go wrong but also from things that go right. Data collection needs to expand from a focus on hazardous events to analysis of routine operational data. The Foundation believes it is time for a fundamental shift to learn from all operations and events — not just from those that are unwanted. In July 2021, the Foundation published a whitepaper, entitled <em>Learning From All Operations: Expanding the Field of Vision to Improve Aviation Safety,</em> as a call to action to managers and executives who are accountable for safety in their organizations. </p> <p style="text-align: left;" data-wp-editing="1"><a class="button" href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Learning-from-All-Operations-FINAL.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Download whitepaper</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-content" style=""> <div class="wrap layout__wrap layout-content__wrap"> <div class="layout-content__content layout-content__content--large"> <h2><a id="concept-notes"></a>Concept Notes and Case Studies</h2> <p>In order to facilitate learning from all operations there is a need for a conceptual framework that incorporates taxonomies and concepts based on the existing risk and hazard terminology but expanded to include resilience and adaptation best suited for use for both abnormal and normal operations. The suggested framework should be suitable for understanding of work-as-done and for collecting and analyzing diverse sources of data on the real world resilient behavior of operators. To define the Learning From All Operations conceptual framework, the Foundation offers the following series of Concept Notes. Also below is a case study of how Learning From All Operations was used to select a strategy to mitigate an operational safety issue.</p> <h4><strong>Concept Note 1:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/LAO-Concept-Note-1-rev2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Need for Learning From All Operations</a></h4> <h4><strong>Concept Note 2:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LAO-Concept-Note-2_rev2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Systems Approach</a> </h4> <h4><strong>Concept Note 3:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LAO-Concept-Note-3_rev2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Safety Envelope and Operational Limits Assumptions</a></h4> <h4><strong>Concept Note 4:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/LAO-Concept-Note-4_rev1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Patterns of Operational Resilience</a></h4> <h4><strong>Concept Note 5:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/LAO-Concept-Note-5_rev2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Three Forces Model of System Adaptation</a></h4> <h4><strong>Concept Note 6:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/LAO-Concept-Note-6_rev2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mechanism of Operational Resilience</a></h4> <h4><strong>Concept Note 7:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/LAO-Concept-Note-7_rev1.pdf">Pressures, Adaptations and Manifestations Framework</a></h4> <h4><strong>Case Study: </strong><a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/LAO-case-study-takeoff-rotation_rev2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Take-Off Rotation</a></h4> <h4><strong><a id="case-study-2"></a>Case Study:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/download/58401/?tmstv=1692904304&v=58402">Learning With Flight Replay Animations</a> </h4> <h4><strong>Case Study:</strong> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/FSF_LAO-case-study_FINAL.pdf">Departing and Arriving Aircraft Spacing</a> <strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">NEW!</span></strong></h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout-content layout--padding-bottom layout-content--padding-bottom" style=""> <div class="wrap layout__wrap layout-content__wrap"> <div class="layout-content__content layout-content__content--large"> <h2>Additional Resources</h2> <p><em>Integrating Learning From All Operations into the Components of a Safety Management System (SMS) </em><br /> This paper outlines how incorporating Learning From All Operations into existing SMS may help organizations manage safety risks effectively, create operational capacity and make them resilient in the face of expected and unexpected events.</p> <p><a class="button" href="https://flightsafety.org/download/66166/?tmstv=1710425448&v=66173">Download the Paper</a></p> <p><em>How Operators Can Create Safety in an Uncertain World,</em> a paper by James Burnell, Tom Laursen and Joji Waites, examines the evolving understanding of “complex adaptive systems” in which it is accepted that uncertainty is part of everyday operations. The paper also explores “adaptive capacity,” which helps achieve high reliability despite the challenges brought by complex operations.</p> <p style="text-align: left;" data-wp-editing="1"><a class="button" href="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/LAO-safety-in-an-uncertain-world_rev1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Download the paper</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer__wrap wrap"> <div class="footer__column u-content"> <p class="footer__logo"><a href="#"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/themes/fsf/assets/img/logos/FSF_logo_white.svg" alt=""></a></p> <div class="footer__info"> <p class="footer__address">1920 Ballenger Ave., 4th Floor, Alexandria, VA 22314</p> <p class="footer__phone"><span>Phone: +1 703 739 6700</span> <span>Fax: +1 703 739 6708</span></p> <p class="footer__social"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1804478" target="_blank"><b class="svg svg--linkedin-icon" 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