CINXE.COM

Brewster Kahle - CHM

<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lte IE 8 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js oldie"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html lang="en" style="margin: 0 !important; position: relative!important;" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"3711322ece",applicationID:"406198101"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.1.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},g={},p="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function m(e){if(!e)throw new Error(p);if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);g[e]=(0,l.a)(t,f());const r=(0,u.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=g[e])}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);var r=m(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>d});var n=r(122),i=r(384),o=r(154),a=r(324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},l={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!l[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");l[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(l[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(l[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=l[e])}},324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.283.1",i="PROD",o="CDN"},154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>l,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>d,x3:()=>u});var n=r(836),i=r(606),o=r(860),a=r(646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};l(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function d(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(l(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(990),o=r(371),a=r(646),s=r(607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},l={},d=!1;try{d=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=m(e),l=c.length,d=0;d<l;d++)c[d].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:h,listeners:m,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:d?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:d};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=m(e).concat(t)}function m(e){return n[e]||[]}function h(t){return l[t]=l[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),l=(0,n.Zm)();l.ee||(l.ee=u)},646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(566).bz)()},566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(836),i=r(154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>l,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>d});var n=r(154),i=r(863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function l(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(836),i=r(607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];l(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return l(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,l,d;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],l="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],l],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],l,c);try{return d=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],l,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,d],l,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function l(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log";n.K7.logging},773:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(154),r(566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(836),i=r(687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>K});var n=r(860),i=r(555),o=r(371),a=r(908),s=r(836),c=r(687),u=r(289),l=r(154),d=r(944),f=r(773),g=r(384),p=r(344);const m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(863),b=r(614),y=r(993);var w=r(646),R=r(434);const A=new Map;function E(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,d.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,R.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[R.Jt]||t[r];return A.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>A.get(c))),i}function _(){const e=(0,g.pV)();m.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,d.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function N(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const m={};var w=s.ee.get(e),R=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var A="api-",_=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function k(){}m.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,v.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},m.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),E(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},h.forEach((e=>{m[e]=j(A,e,!0,"api")})),m.addPageAction=j(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.recordCustomEvent=j(A,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},m.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,d.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,d.R)(39,typeof e)},m.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,d.R)(41,typeof e)},m.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,d.R)(42,typeof e)},m.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,d.R)(23,e)}},m[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m.interaction=function(e){return(new k).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const T=k.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(R.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw R.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{R.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function I(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,d.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{T[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),m.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),m.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},l.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>I()),!0):I(),m}var k=r(217),T=r(122);const j={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},I={};var O=r(284);const S=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function K(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:d={},exposed:f=!0}=t;d.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,k.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");I[e]=(0,T.a)(t,j);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=I[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},l.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const m=(0,k.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),h=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];P||(m.proxy.assets&&(S(m.proxy.assets),h.push(m.proxy.assets)),m.proxy.beacon&&h.push(m.proxy.beacon),_(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===m.soft_navigations.enabled&&m.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),d.denyList=[...m.ajax.deny_list||[],...m.ajax.block_internal?h:[]],d.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,d),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=N(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),P=!0}},374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.283.1.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.283.1.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),l=0;l<u.length;l++){var d=u[l];if(d.getAttribute("src")==r||d.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=d;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-OUuNnugvDrqo9dEpgJAMqx7AmFewwGmFEG5KVEzFm/yvWGBOULQhkrf+RoL0zFNkEEwT+qmLNG6JA2owv/79WA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={374:0,840:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.1.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.1.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(374);var e=i(944),t=i(344),r=i(566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(217);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var l=i(603);var d=i(687),f=i(234),g=i(289),p=i(154),m=i(384);const h=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function v(e){return!!(0,m.dV)().o.MO&&h(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(h(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return v(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(630);class R extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var A=i(908),E=i(843),_=i(878),x=i(782),N=i(863);class k extends y{static featureName=x.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,x.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,A.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,_.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,A.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var T=i(773);class j extends y{static featureName=T.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,m.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,l.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,m.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,k,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/favicon.ico"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/favicon.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/css/mediaelementplayer.min.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/style.css?v=2024-24-11" type="text/css" media="all"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.5 (Yoast SEO v22.5) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Brewster Kahle - CHM</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Brewster Kahle" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Brewster Kahle is the founder and digital librarian of the Internet Archive, which preserves 145+ unique petabytes of data for the books, Web pages, music, television, and software that shaped our cultural heritage. The Archive worked with more than 1,200 library and university partners to create this digital library, accessible to all." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CHM" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/computerhistory/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-03T00:38:00+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ComputerHistory" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/","url":"https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/","name":"Brewster Kahle - CHM","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-07-29T21:42:43+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-03T00:38:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://computerhistory.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Brewster Kahle"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#website","url":"https://computerhistory.org/","name":"CHM","description":"Computer History Museum","publisher":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://computerhistory.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#organization","name":"Computer History Museum","url":"https://computerhistory.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/chm_logo_400x400.jpg","contentUrl":"https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/chm_logo_400x400.jpg","width":800,"height":800,"caption":"Computer History Museum"},"image":{"@id":"https://computerhistory.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/computerhistory/","https://x.com/ComputerHistory","https://www.instagram.com/computerhistory/","https://www.youtube.com/user/ComputerHistory","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//addevent.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CHM &raquo; Brewster Kahle Comments Feed" href="https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.4.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-maker-site-css' href='//computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/pum/pum-site-styles.css?generated=1738822856&#038;ver=1.18.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css?ver=1.16' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='addtoany-inline-css' type='text/css'> .a2a_floating_style { position: relative !important; top: 0 !important; margin-left: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/magnific-popup.js/1.1.0/magnific-popup.css?ver=1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/src/js/vendor/jquery.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?ver=1.1" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://addevent.com/libs/atc/1.6.1/atc.min.js?ver=1" id="atc-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://computerhistory.org/wp-json/" /><link rel='shortlink' href='https://computerhistory.org/?p=4592' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://computerhistory.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fprofile%2Fbrewster-kahle%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://computerhistory.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fprofile%2Fbrewster-kahle%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> @media only screen and (max-width: 445px) { header .nav-section-bottom { height: 440px!important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 992px) { header .nav-section-bottom { height: 400px; overflow-y: scroll; position: relative; padding-bottom: 5rem; } header .nav-section-bottom .nav-section-bottom-menu .bottom-menu>li .submenu { width: 100%; } } .links-list ul { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .links-list ul li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .links-list ul>li:before { content: none!important; } .two-column-grid__right .events-list { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .two-column-grid__right .events-list li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .two-column-grid__right .events-list>li:before { content: none!important; } .single-column-grid .events-list { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .single-column-grid .events-list li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .single-column-grid .events-list>li:before { content: none!important; } .three-column-grid__center .events-list { margin-bottom: 0!important; margin-left: 0!important; } .three-column-grid__center .events-list li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .three-column-grid__center .events-list>li:before { content: none!important; } .pagination ul { margin-bottom: auto!important; margin-left: auto!important; } .pagination ul li { margin-bottom: 14px!important; padding-left: 0!important; } .pagination ul>li:before { content: none!important; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var MTUserId = '1c75c36c-a46a-4891-8bfa-e317e4c2df90'; var MTFontIds = new Array(); MTFontIds.push("1475724"); // DIN 1451 W01 EngSchrift (function () { var mtTracking = document.createElement('script'); mtTracking.type = 'text/javascript'; mtTracking.async = 'true'; mtTracking.src = '/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/src/fonts/mtiFontTrackingCode.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(mtTracking); })(); </script> <script src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/src/js/vendor/mediaelement-and-player.min.js'"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MLN7JPS');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --></head> <body class="profiles-template-default single single-profiles postid-4592" data-template="base.twig"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MLN7JPS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <header> <div class="nav-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="nav-section-top"> <div class="logo"> <a class="logo" href="https://computerhistory.org" title="Computer History Museum home link"> <img class="full-logo" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/chm-logo-text.svg" alt="Computer History Museum Logo"> <img class="teaser-logo" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/chm-logo-short.svg" alt="Computer History Museum Logo"> </a> </div> <div class="right-content"> <div class="responsive-buttons"> <a href="https://donate.computerhistory.org" class="btn-nav btn-red ">Donate</a> <a href="https://connect.computerhistory.org" class="btn-nav btn-green ">Tickets</a> </div> <button class="mobile-menu-toggle"> <span>Menu</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="nav-section-bottom"> <div class="nav-section-bottom-menu"> <ul class="menu vertical large-horizontal bottom-menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="/explore/">Explore</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/explore/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/collections/">Collections</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/timelines/">Timelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/blogs/">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/">Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/playlists/">Playlists</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/explore/podcast/">Podcast</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/activities-resources/">Activities &#038; Resources</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li> <a href="/visit/">Visit</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="/visit/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/plan-your-visit/">Plan Your Visit</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/exhibits/">Exhibits</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/tours/">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/visit/group-visits/">Group Visits</a></li> <li><a href="/events/">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/venue/">Venue</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li> <a href="/about/">About</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="/about/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/this-is-chm/">This Is CHM</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/fellow-awards/">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/programs/">Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/press-releases">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/leadership/">Leadership</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li> <a href="/join/">Join & Give</a> <ul class="nested menu submenu vertical"> <li><a href="/join/">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/ways-to-give/">Ways to Give</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/donor-recognition/">Donor Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/institutional-supporters/">Institutional Supporters</a></li> <li><a href="https://computerhistory.org/volunteers/">Volunteers</a></li> </ul> <!-- /.menu.nested --> </li> <li class="search-icon desktop"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M495,466.2L377.2,348.4c29.2-35.6,46.8-81.2,46.8-130.9C424,103.5,331.5,11,217.5,11C103.4,11,11,103.5,11,217.5 S103.4,424,217.5,424c49.7,0,95.2-17.5,130.8-46.7L466.1,495c8,8,20.9,8,28.9,0C503,487.1,503,474.1,495,466.2z M217.5,382.9 C126.2,382.9,52,308.7,52,217.5S126.2,52,217.5,52C308.7,52,383,126.3,383,217.5S308.7,382.9,217.5,382.9z" /> </g> </svg> </li> <li class="search-icon responsive"> <a href="#">Search <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M495,466.2L377.2,348.4c29.2-35.6,46.8-81.2,46.8-130.9C424,103.5,331.5,11,217.5,11C103.4,11,11,103.5,11,217.5 S103.4,424,217.5,424c49.7,0,95.2-17.5,130.8-46.7L466.1,495c8,8,20.9,8,28.9,0C503,487.1,503,474.1,495,466.2z M217.5,382.9 C126.2,382.9,52,308.7,52,217.5S126.2,52,217.5,52C308.7,52,383,126.3,383,217.5S308.7,382.9,217.5,382.9z" /> </g> </svg></a> </li> <li class="btn-nav-clear nav-display-desktop"> <a href="https://donate.computerhistory.org" class="btn-nav btn-red ">Donate</a> </li> <li class="btn-nav-clear nav-display-desktop"> <a href="https://connect.computerhistory.org" class="btn-nav btn-green ">Tickets</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> <div class="nav-section-top-menu"> <ul class="menu vertical large-horizontal top-menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/hours-admission/">Hours &#038; Admission</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/subscribe/">Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://computerhistory.org/"> <div> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="s">Search for:</label> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Go" /> </div> </form> <a href="https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/search/" class="search-text">Or search the collection catalog <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="10" height="7" viewBox="0 0 10 7"> <defs> <path id="ehgga" d="M464.07 207.98h8.498v1.042h-8.498z" /> <path id="ehggb" d="M470.208 211.99l-.768-.73 2.906-2.76-2.906-2.76.768-.73 3.673 3.49z" /> </defs> <g> <g transform="translate(-464 -205)"> <g> <use fill="#175e61" xlink:href="#ehgga" /> </g> <g> <use fill="#175e61" xlink:href="#ehggb" /> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="container"> <section class="hero hero--plain"> <div class="hero__content"> <div class="content"> <h1>Brewster Kahle</h1> <span>Founder and Digital Librarian, Internet Archive</span> </div> <div class="hero__profile-img" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Brewster-Kahle-e1486666099128.jpeg') center center no-repeat;"> </div> </div> <div class="hero__pattern"> <img src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/hero-pattern.svg" alt=""> </div> </section> <section class="three-column-grid"> <div class="row"> <div class="three-column-grid__left"> <div class="hero__profile-img-main" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Brewster-Kahle-e1486666099128-155x155-c-default.jpeg') center center no-repeat;"> </div> </div> <div class="three-column-grid__center "> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p>Brewster Kahle is the founder and digital librarian of the Internet Archive, which preserves 145+ unique petabytes of data for the books, Web pages, music, television, and software that shaped our cultural heritage. The Archive worked with more than 1,200 library and university partners to create this digital library, accessible to all.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- related articles --> <div class="container"> <section class="related-articles"> <div class="related-articles__title-section"> <h2 class="related-articles__title">Related Articles</h2> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/blogs" class="related-articles__link">View All</a> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="related-articles__column"> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/blog/bill-gates-at-chm/"> <div class="related-articles__img-wrapper"> <div class="related-articles__img" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/BG-58-scaled-310x175-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat"> </div> </div> <div class="related-articles__content"> <h5>CHM BLOG</h5> <h4>Bill Gates at CHM</h4> <time class="post-date" datetime="2025-20-02">February 20, 2025</time> </div> </a> </div> <div class="related-articles__column"> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/blog/memories-of-lisa/"> <div class="related-articles__img-wrapper"> <div class="related-articles__img" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Bill-Atkinson-ID-310x175-c-default.jpeg') center center no-repeat"> </div> </div> <div class="related-articles__content"> <h5>CHM BLOG</h5> <h4>Memories of Lisa</h4> <time class="post-date" datetime="2025-30-01">January 30, 2025</time> </div> </a> </div> <div class="related-articles__column"> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/blog/programming-in-harmony/"> <div class="related-articles__img-wrapper"> <div class="related-articles__img" style="background: url('https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Harmony-Compiler-paper-tapes-2-310x175-c-default.jpg') center center no-repeat"> </div> </div> <div class="related-articles__content"> <h5>CHM BLOG</h5> <h4>Programming in Harmony</h4> <time class="post-date" datetime="2025-08-01">January 08, 2025</time> </div> </a> </div> </div> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/blogs" class="related-articles__link mobile">View All</a> </section> </div> </div> <div class="social-share__wrapper"> <div class="container social-share mobile"> <h2>Share</h2> <div class="addtoany_shortcode"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_ addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://computerhistory.org/profile/brewster-kahle/" data-a2a-title="Brewster Kahle"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fprofile%2Fbrewster-kahle%2F&amp;linkname=Brewster%20Kahle" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><img src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/share_icons/facebook.png" width="32" alt="Facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fprofile%2Fbrewster-kahle%2F&amp;linkname=Brewster%20Kahle" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><img src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/share_icons/twitter.png" width="32" alt="Twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcomputerhistory.org%2Fprofile%2Fbrewster-kahle%2F&amp;linkname=Brewster%20Kahle" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><img src="/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/share_icons/link.png" width="32" alt="Copy Link"></a></div></div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer__top"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-content-3"> <a class="logo" href="https://computerhistory.org" title="Computer History Museum home link"><img src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/img/chm-logo-short.svg" alt="Computer History Museum Logo"></a> <div class="footer-term-conditions desktop"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="no-link"> <a href="#">CHM is a registered 501(c)3 organization. Your donation is tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law.</a> </li> <li class="no-link"> <a href="#">Tax ID 77-0507525.</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/terms/">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/privacy/">Privacy</a> </li> <li class="no-link"> <a href="#">漏 2025 Computer History Museum</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> </div> <div class="footer-content-4"> <div class="menu_one"> <ul class="menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="/press-releases/">Press</a> </li> <li> <a href="/jobs/">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/venue/">Venue</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu_two"> <ul class="menu" data-responsive-menu="drilldown large-dropdown"> <li> <a href="/events/">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/exhibits/">Exhibits</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://computerhistory.org/donate-now/">Donate</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.menu --> </div> </div> <div class="footer-content-5"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Hours and Directions</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="/make-plan/">Hours &amp; Directions</a></p> <p>1401 N. Shoreline Blvd.</p> <p>Mountain View, CA 94043</p> <p><a href="tel:+16508101010">(650) 810-1010</a></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><a href="/contact-us/">More Contact Info</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="pum-30970" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-30972 pum-theme-chm popmake-overlay pum-overlay-disabled auto_open click_open" data-popmake="{&quot;id&quot;:30970,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;chatbot-announcement&quot;,&quot;theme_id&quot;:30972,&quot;cookies&quot;:[{&quot;event&quot;:&quot;on_popup_close&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;pum-30970&quot;,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;session&quot;:null,&quot;path&quot;:true,&quot;time&quot;:&quot;1 week&quot;}}],&quot;triggers&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;auto_open&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;:{&quot;cookie_name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;delay&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;click_open&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;:{&quot;extra_selectors&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;cookie_name&quot;:null}}],&quot;mobile_disabled&quot;:null,&quot;tablet_disabled&quot;:null,&quot;meta&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:{&quot;stackable&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;overlay_disabled&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;scrollable_content&quot;:false,&quot;disable_reposition&quot;:false,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;custom&quot;,&quot;responsive_min_width&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;responsive_min_width_unit&quot;:false,&quot;responsive_max_width&quot;:&quot;100px&quot;,&quot;responsive_max_width_unit&quot;:false,&quot;custom_width&quot;:&quot;100%&quot;,&quot;custom_width_unit&quot;:false,&quot;custom_height&quot;:&quot;68px&quot;,&quot;custom_height_unit&quot;:false,&quot;custom_height_auto&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;location&quot;:&quot;center top&quot;,&quot;position_from_trigger&quot;:false,&quot;position_top&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;position_left&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;position_bottom&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;position_right&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;position_fixed&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;animation_type&quot;:&quot;fadeAndSlide&quot;,&quot;animation_speed&quot;:&quot;300&quot;,&quot;animation_origin&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;overlay_zindex&quot;:false,&quot;zindex&quot;:&quot;999999999999&quot;},&quot;close&quot;:{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;X&quot;,&quot;button_delay&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;overlay_click&quot;:false,&quot;esc_press&quot;:false,&quot;f4_press&quot;:false},&quot;click_open&quot;:[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" > <div id="popmake-30970" class="pum-container popmake theme-30972 size-custom pum-position-fixed"> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <div> <style> .ccfire { font-family: "DIN_1451 LT W01 Engschrift", Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important; } .ccfire br { display: none; } </style> <p class="ccfire" style="text-align: center; color: #ffffff;"><a class="ccfire" style="font-size: 26px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ffffff;" href="https://connect.computerhistory.org/events/6346af73-b2ee-3572-d519-2f2d2f18a311"><br /> Now Showing! Chatbots Decoded: Exploring AI. <u>Buy Tickets Now</u><br /> </a></p> </div> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> X </button> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="disqus_count-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var countVars = {"disqusShortname":"chm-website"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/disqus-comment-system/public/js/comment_count.js?ver=3.1.1" id="disqus_count-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gforms_recaptcha_recaptcha-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gforms_recaptcha_recaptcha_strings = {"site_key":"6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ee29d7aa64"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w&amp;ver=1.4.1" id="gforms_recaptcha_recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="popup-maker-site-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pum_vars = {"version":"1.18.5","pm_dir_url":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/popup-maker\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","restapi":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-json\/pum\/v1","rest_nonce":null,"default_theme":"20379","debug_mode":"","disable_tracking":"","home_url":"\/","message_position":"top","core_sub_forms_enabled":"1","popups":[],"cookie_domain":"","analytics_route":"analytics","analytics_api":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-json\/pum\/v1"}; var pum_sub_vars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/computerhistory.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","message_position":"top"}; var pum_popups = {"pum-30970":{"triggers":[{"type":"auto_open","settings":{"cookie_name":"","delay":"0"}}],"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-30970","key":"","session":null,"path":true,"time":"1 week"}}],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"30972","size":"custom","responsive_min_width":"0px","responsive_max_width":"100px","custom_width":"100%","custom_height_auto":true,"custom_height":"68px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fadeAndSlide","animation_speed":"300","animation_origin":"top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"0","position_bottom":"20","position_left":"10","position_right":"10","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":true,"overlay_disabled":true,"stackable":true,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"999999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"chm","id":30970,"slug":"chatbot-announcement"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//computerhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/pum/pum-site-scripts.js?defer&amp;generated=1738822856&amp;ver=1.18.5" id="popup-maker-site-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w&amp;ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill-inert.min.js?ver=3.1.2" id="wp-polyfill-inert-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/regenerator-runtime.min.js?ver=0.14.0" id="regenerator-runtime-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7_recaptcha = {"sitekey":"6LemLLkUAAAAAAjc9RBh1WIYYyUREQ1QvL_YGx7w","actions":{"homepage":"homepage","contactform":"contactform"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=5.9.3" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://computerhistory.org/wp-content/themes/bsdstarter/assets/js/source.dev.js?ver=0.0.3" id="site-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { // Function to update margin-top based on popup height function updateMargins() { var popupHeight = $('#popmake-30970').outerHeight(); if (popupHeight > 0) { // Ensure popupHeight is valid $('body').css('margin-top', popupHeight + 'px'); $('header').css('margin-top', popupHeight + 'px'); } } // Adjust margin-top when popup opens $(document).on('pumAfterOpen', '#pum-30970', function () { updateMargins(); // Add a resize listener for the duration the popup is open $(window).on('resize.popup', function () { updateMargins(); }); }); // Reset margin-top when popup closes $(document).on('pumAfterClose', '#pum-30970', function () { $('body').css('margin-top', '0'); $('header').css('margin-top', '0'); // Remove the resize listener when the popup closes $(window).off('resize.popup'); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"3711322ece","applicationID":"406198101","transactionName":"MlYDZhdTWxJZAERcVwscIFERW1oPFxBZW18QXwBA","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":491,"atts":"HhEAEF9JSBw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10