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Marburg virus disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a systematic review - PubMed

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class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container"> <div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Save citation to file </h2> <form id="save-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector"> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="csv">CSV</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel" ref="linksrc=close_save_panel" aria-controls="save-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="email-action-panel" class="email-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback" data-recaptcha-enabled="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Email citation </h2> <form id="email-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/send-email/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/send-email/" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post" method="post" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <span class="action-panel-label"> Subject: </span> <span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 38040006 - PubMed</span> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 38040006"/> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="4ff092c97bfda38de62277feaed7a63b67b8921ed579ee6750da892ea0171b41"/> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> To: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label"> From: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format"> <option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option> </select> </div> <div class="include-supplemental-container"> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental"> <label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label> </div> <div class="form-field recaptcha "> <div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div> </div> <div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="send"> Send email </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel" ref="linksrc=close_email_panel" aria-controls="email-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="collections-action-panel" class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false" data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to Collections </h3> <form id="collections-action-panel-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> <div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="TPRLQvR3QTbzEfizhYR3nPqwYibKwdSksasv2z2DAa7mGfq1z9GXzslqHzC0OIxO"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38040006"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a 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Infectious diseases"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Lancet+Infect+Dis%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Lancet+Infect+Dis%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Lancet Infect Dis" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Lancet Infect Dis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Lancet+Infect+Dis%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Lancet Infect Dis"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Lancet Infect Dis"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Lancet Infect Dis"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 May;24(5):e307-e317.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00515-7. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2023 Nov 28. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Marburg virus disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a systematic review </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cuomo-Dannenburg+G&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg">Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCain+K&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly McCain">Kelly McCain</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCabe+R&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ruth McCabe">Ruth McCabe</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Unwin+HJT&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="H Juliette T Unwin">H Juliette T Unwin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Doohan+P&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Patrick Doohan">Patrick Doohan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nash+RK&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rebecca K Nash">Rebecca K Nash</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hicks+JT&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joseph T Hicks">Joseph T Hicks</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charniga+K&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly Charniga">Kelly Charniga</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Geismar+C&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cyril Geismar">Cyril Geismar</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lambert+B&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ben Lambert">Ben Lambert</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nikitin+D&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dariya Nikitin">Dariya Nikitin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Skarp+J&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Janetta Skarp">Janetta Skarp</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wardle+J&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jack Wardle">Jack Wardle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kont+M&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mara Kont">Mara Kont</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bhatia+S&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sangeeta Bhatia">Sangeeta Bhatia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Modelling and Economics Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Imai+N&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Natsuko Imai">Natsuko Imai</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Elsland+S&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sabine van Elsland">Sabine van Elsland</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cori+A&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anne Cori">Anne Cori</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Morgenstern+C&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: c.morgenstern@imperial.ac.uk." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pathogen+Epidemiology+Review+Group%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group">Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Collaborators, Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38040006/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="collaborations"> <h3 class="title"> Collaborators </h3> <ul class="group-list"> <li> <strong class="title">Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group</strong>: <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Morris+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Aaron Morris">Aaron Morris</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Forna+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alpha Forna">Alpha Forna</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dighe+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Amy Dighe">Amy Dighe</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cori+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anne Cori">Anne Cori</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hamlet+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arran Hamlet">Arran Hamlet</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lambert+B" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ben Lambert">Ben Lambert</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Whittaker+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Charlie Whittaker">Charlie Whittaker</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Morgenstern+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Geismar+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cyril Geismar">Cyril Geismar</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nikitin+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dariya Nikitin">Dariya Nikitin</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jorgensen+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Jorgensen">David Jorgensen</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Knock+E" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ed Knock">Ed Knock</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Unwin+E" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ettie Unwin">Ettie Unwin</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cuomo-Dannenburg+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg">Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thompson+H" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hayley Thompson">Hayley Thompson</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Routledge+I" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Isobel Routledge">Isobel Routledge</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Skarp+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Janetta Skarp">Janetta Skarp</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hicks+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joseph Hicks">Joseph Hicks</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fraser+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Keith Fraser">Keith Fraser</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charniga+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly Charniga">Kelly Charniga</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCain+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly McCain">Kelly McCain</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Geidelberg+L" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lily Geidelberg">Lily Geidelberg</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cattarino+L" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lorenzo Cattarino">Lorenzo Cattarino</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kont+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mara Kont">Mara Kont</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Baguelin+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marc Baguelin">Marc Baguelin</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Imai+N" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Natsuko Imai">Natsuko Imai</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Moghaddas+N" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nima Moghaddas">Nima Moghaddas</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Doohan+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Patrick Doohan">Patrick Doohan</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nash+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rebecca Nash">Rebecca Nash</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCabe+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ruth McCabe">Ruth McCabe</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Elsland+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sabine van Elsland">Sabine van Elsland</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bhatia+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sangeeta Bhatia">Sangeeta Bhatia</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Radhakrishnan+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sreejith Radhakrishnan">Sreejith Radhakrishnan</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cucunuba+Perez+Z" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Zulma Cucunuba Perez">Zulma Cucunuba Perez</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wardle+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jack Wardle">Jack Wardle</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Modelling and Economics Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: c.morgenstern@imperial.ac.uk.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38040006</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC7615873&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7615873/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC7615873 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00515-7&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00515-7" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00515-7 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Review</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Marburg virus disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a systematic review </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Lancet Infect Dis<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2024 May</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38040006/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="The Lancet. Infectious diseases" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The Lancet. Infectious diseases" data-pinger-ignore> Lancet Infect Dis </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The Lancet. Infectious diseases"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Lancet+Infect+Dis%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Lancet+Infect+Dis%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Lancet Infect Dis" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Lancet Infect Dis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Lancet+Infect+Dis%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Lancet Infect Dis"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Lancet Infect Dis"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Lancet Infect Dis"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 May;24(5):e307-e317.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00515-7. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2023 Nov 28. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cuomo-Dannenburg+G&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg">Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCain+K&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly McCain">Kelly McCain</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCabe+R&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ruth McCabe">Ruth McCabe</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Unwin+HJT&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="H Juliette T Unwin">H Juliette T Unwin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Doohan+P&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Patrick Doohan">Patrick Doohan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nash+RK&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rebecca K Nash">Rebecca K Nash</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hicks+JT&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joseph T Hicks">Joseph T Hicks</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charniga+K&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly Charniga">Kelly Charniga</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Geismar+C&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cyril Geismar">Cyril Geismar</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lambert+B&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ben Lambert">Ben Lambert</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nikitin+D&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dariya Nikitin">Dariya Nikitin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Skarp+J&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Janetta Skarp">Janetta Skarp</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wardle+J&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jack Wardle">Jack Wardle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kont+M&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mara Kont">Mara Kont</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bhatia+S&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sangeeta Bhatia">Sangeeta Bhatia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Modelling and Economics Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Imai+N&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Natsuko Imai">Natsuko Imai</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Elsland+S&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sabine van Elsland">Sabine van Elsland</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cori+A&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anne Cori">Anne Cori</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Morgenstern+C&amp;cauthor_id=38040006" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: c.morgenstern@imperial.ac.uk." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">;&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pathogen+Epidemiology+Review+Group%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group">Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="collaborations"> <h3 class="title"> Collaborators </h3> <ul class="group-list"> <li> <strong class="title">Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group</strong>: <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Morris+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Aaron Morris">Aaron Morris</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Forna+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alpha Forna">Alpha Forna</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Dighe+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Amy Dighe">Amy Dighe</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cori+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anne Cori">Anne Cori</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hamlet+A" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arran Hamlet">Arran Hamlet</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lambert+B" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ben Lambert">Ben Lambert</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Whittaker+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Charlie Whittaker">Charlie Whittaker</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Morgenstern+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Geismar+C" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cyril Geismar">Cyril Geismar</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nikitin+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dariya Nikitin">Dariya Nikitin</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jorgensen+D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David Jorgensen">David Jorgensen</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Knock+E" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ed Knock">Ed Knock</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Unwin+E" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ettie Unwin">Ettie Unwin</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cuomo-Dannenburg+G" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg">Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thompson+H" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hayley Thompson">Hayley Thompson</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Routledge+I" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Isobel Routledge">Isobel Routledge</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Skarp+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Janetta Skarp">Janetta Skarp</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hicks+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Joseph Hicks">Joseph Hicks</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fraser+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Keith Fraser">Keith Fraser</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charniga+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly Charniga">Kelly Charniga</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCain+K" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kelly McCain">Kelly McCain</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Geidelberg+L" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lily Geidelberg">Lily Geidelberg</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cattarino+L" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lorenzo Cattarino">Lorenzo Cattarino</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kont+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mara Kont">Mara Kont</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Baguelin+M" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marc Baguelin">Marc Baguelin</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Imai+N" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Natsuko Imai">Natsuko Imai</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Moghaddas+N" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nima Moghaddas">Nima Moghaddas</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Doohan+P" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Patrick Doohan">Patrick Doohan</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nash+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rebecca Nash">Rebecca Nash</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McCabe+R" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ruth McCabe">Ruth McCabe</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=van+Elsland+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sabine van Elsland">Sabine van Elsland</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bhatia+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sangeeta Bhatia">Sangeeta Bhatia</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Radhakrishnan+S" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sreejith Radhakrishnan">Sreejith Radhakrishnan</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cucunuba+Perez+Z" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Zulma Cucunuba Perez">Zulma Cucunuba Perez</a><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wardle+J" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jack Wardle">Jack Wardle</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Modelling and Economics Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: c.morgenstern@imperial.ac.uk.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38040006</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC7615873&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7615873/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC7615873 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00515-7&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00515-7" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00515-7 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38040006/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38040006/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> The 2023 Marburg virus disease outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania highlighted the importance of better understanding this lethal pathogen. We did a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42023393345) of peer-reviewed articles reporting historical outbreaks, modelling studies, and epidemiological parameters focused on Marburg virus disease. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from database inception to March 31, 2023. Two reviewers evaluated all titles and abstracts with consensus-based decision making. To ensure agreement, 13 (31%) of 42 studies were double-extracted and a custom-designed quality assessment questionnaire was used for risk of bias assessment. We present detailed information on 478 reported cases and 385 deaths from Marburg virus disease. Analysis of historical outbreaks and seroprevalence estimates suggests the possibility of undetected Marburg virus disease outbreaks, asymptomatic transmission, or cross-reactivity with other pathogens, or a combination of these. Only one study presented a mathematical model of Marburg virus transmission. We estimate an unadjusted, pooled total random effect case fatality ratio of 61·9% (95% CI 38·8-80·6; I<sup>2</sup>=93%). We identify epidemiological parameters relating to transmission and natural history, for which there are few estimates. This systematic review and the accompanying database provide a comprehensive overview of Marburg virus disease epidemiology and identify key knowledge gaps, contributing crucial information for mathematical models to support future Marburg virus disease epidemic responses. </p> </div> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Declaration of interests AC reports payment from Pfizer for teaching mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. PD reports payment from WHO for consulting on integrated modelling. All other authors declare no competing interests. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), UK Health Security Agency, or the Department of Health and Social Care. NI is currently employed by the Wellcome Trust. However, the Wellcome Trust had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f3f/7615873/e5296b657f82/EMS192509-f001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="800" data-image-height="671" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC7615873" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f3f/7615873/eaf1d34cdf58/EMS192509-f001.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="671"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Study selection according to PRISMA… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1. Study selection according to PRISMA guidelines and criteria as described in Table B.2 </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1. Study selection according to PRISMA guidelines and criteria as described in Table B.2 </strong> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f3f/7615873/28793ebb7056/EMS192509-f002.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="800" data-image-height="744" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC7615873" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f3f/7615873/fa3a92f097f4/EMS192509-f002.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="744"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) meta-analyses,… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) meta-analyses, using logit-transformed proportions and a generalized linear mixed-effects… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) meta-analyses, using logit-transformed proportions and a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) (full details in SI A.4). The forest plot displays studies included in each meta-analysis: the red squares indicate study weight, and for each study, a 95% binomial confidence interval is provided. To summarize, we display as black diamonds the <i>total common effects</i>, where all data are effectively pooled and assumed to come from a single data-generating process with one common CFR and <i>total random effect</i> estimates, which allow the CFR to vary by study and accordingly give different weights to each study when determining an overall estimate (23). (A) CFR estimates reported in the included studies. (B) CFR estimated from extracted outbreak data, including only one observation per outbreak using the study with the longest duration of the outbreak reported ensuring no case is double counted.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f3f/7615873/6d04080ac3f8/EMS192509-f003.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="800" data-image-height="964" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC7615873" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f3f/7615873/f5363eebc271/EMS192509-f003.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="964"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Overview of the reproduction numbers,… </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3. Overview of the reproduction numbers, delays and evolutionary rate estimates from the included… </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3. Overview of the reproduction numbers, delays and evolutionary rate estimates from the included studies of MVD. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Solid lines represent uncertainty intervals and ribbons indicate a parameter range (e.g. across different populations or over time). (A) Estimates of the reproduction number. The blue and red points correspond to estimates of the effective reproduction number (<i>R<sub>e</sub></i>) and basic reproduction number (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>) respectively, with associated uncertainty shown by the solid lines where available. The dashed vertical line presents the threshold for epidemic growth. (B) Delay parameters, stratified into five categories: Generation Time, Incubation Period, Time in Care, Time from Symptom to Careseeking and Time from Symptom to Outcome as indicated by different colours. (C) Evolu- tionary rates. Colours indicate different genome types; points represent central estimates. Solid lines represent an uncertainty interval associated with the point estimate while ribbons indicate a parameter value +/- standard error with a minimum set to zero.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. 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Epub 2024 Sep 16.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Virol. 2024.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">39283124</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="actions-bar"> <a class="show-all-linked-articles" data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed_citedin&from_uid=38040006" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="show_all" > See all "Cited by" articles </a> </div> </div> <div class="references" id="references"> <h2 class="title"> References </h2> <div id='top-references-list' class="references-lists-container"> <div class="refs-list"> <ol id="top-references-list-1" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Davies NG, Kucharski AJ, Eggo RM, Gimma A, Edmunds WJ, Jombart T, et al. 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