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class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Proton-K" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Proton-K" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Proton-K" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Proton-K" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vēsture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konstrukcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstrukcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Konstrukcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstrukcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konfigurācijas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konfigurācijas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Konfigurācijas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konfigurācijas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Proton-K</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. 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lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Proton-K" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proton-K" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پروتون-کی – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتون-کی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_K" title="Proton K – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Proton K" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_K" title="פרוטון K – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוטון K" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Proton-K" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3-K" title="プロトン-K – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロトン-K" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_K" title="Proton K – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proton K" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Proton-K" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Proton-K" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" 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Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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<td><b>Izgatavotāja nosaukums</b> </td><td> <i>UR-500K</i>; <i>8K82K</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pielietojums</b></td> <td>Kosmiskā nesējraķete </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Raķešu saime</b></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Proton_(nes%C4%93jra%C4%B7e%C5%A1u_saime)" title="Proton (nesējraķešu saime)">Proton</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Raķešu grupa</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Valsts</b></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Padomju Savienība"><img alt="Karogs: Padomju Savienība" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Padomju_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Padomju Savienība">PSRS</a> → <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Krievija"><img alt="Karogs: Krievija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija">Krievija</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Izgatavotājs</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"><b>Izmēri</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Augstums</b></td> <td>50 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Diametrs </b></td> <td>4,15m, 7,40 m (maks.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Masa</b></td> <td>693 810 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pakāpju skaits</b></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"><b>Celtspēja</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Der%C4%ABg%C4%81_krava" title="Derīgā krava">Derīgā krava</a> uz <a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%81_Zemes_orb%C4%ABta" title="Zemā Zemes orbīta">LEO</a></b></td><td>19 760 kg </td></tr><tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Der%C4%ABg%C4%81_krava" title="Derīgā krava">Derīgā krava</a> uz <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2eostacion%C4%81r%C4%81_p%C4%81rejas_orb%C4%ABta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ģeostacionārā pārejas orbīta (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">GTO</a></b></td><td>3 pakāpju versijā nav paredzēts </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"><b>Lidojumu kopsavilkums</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Statuss</b></td> <td>Ekspluatācijā </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Starta vietas</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonuras_kosmodroms" title="Baikonuras kosmodroms">Baikonura</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Startu skaits</b> </td><td> 31 (3 pakāpju versijā) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Veiksmīgie</b> </td><td> 27 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Avārijas</b> </td><td> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pirmais lidojums</b> </td><td> 16.11.1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"><b>Pakāpes</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">(<b>1. pakāpe</b> - 1 gab. <table class="infobox" style="font-size: 95%; width: 25em;"> <caption style="font-size: larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/Proton_1._pak%C4%81pe" title="Proton 1. pakāpe">Proton 1. pakāpe</a></b> <br /> 8S810K </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Tips</b></td> <td>šķidrās degvielas pakāpe </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%B7e%C5%A1dzin%C4%93js" title="Raķešdzinējs">Dzinējs</a></b></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-253&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-253 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-253</a>, jaunākajos modeļos <a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-275&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-275 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-275</a> (6 gab.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vilkme</b></td> <td>10 470 kN (vakuumā) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pilna masa</b></td> <td>450 510 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sausmasa</b></td> <td>31 100 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Diametrs</b></td> <td>4,15 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Garums</b></td> <td>21,18 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Degviela</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disl%C4%81pek%C4%BCa_tetroks%C4%ABds" class="mw-redirect" title="Dislāpekļa tetroksīds">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesimetriskais_dimetilhidraz%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesimetriskais dimetilhidrazīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /><b>2. pakāpe</b> - 1 gab. </p> <table class="infobox" style="font-size: 95%; width: 25em;"> <caption style="font-size: larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_2._pak%C4%81pe" title="Proton-K 2. pakāpe">Proton-K 2. pakāpe</a></b> <br /> 8S811K </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Tips</b></td> <td>šķidrās degvielas pakāpe </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%B7e%C5%A1dzin%C4%93js" title="Raķešdzinējs">Dzinējs</a></b></td> <td>3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-0210&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-0210 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-0210</a>, 1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-0211&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-0211 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-0211</a> (4 gab.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vilkme</b></td> <td>4×600 kN </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pilna masa</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sausmasa</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Diametrs</b></td> <td>4,1 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Garums</b></td> <td>14,0 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Degviela</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disl%C4%81pek%C4%BCa_tetroks%C4%ABds" class="mw-redirect" title="Dislāpekļa tetroksīds">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesimetriskais_dimetilhidraz%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesimetriskais dimetilhidrazīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /><b>3. pakāpe</b> - 1 gab. </p> <table class="infobox" style="font-size: 95%; width: 25em;"> <caption style="font-size: larger;"><b><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_3._pak%C4%81pe" title="Proton-K 3. pakāpe">Proton-K 3. pakāpe</a></b> <br /> 8S812 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Tips</b></td> <td>šķidrās degvielas pakāpe </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%B7e%C5%A1dzin%C4%93js" title="Raķešdzinējs">Dzinējs</a></b></td> <td>komplekts <a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-0212&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-0212 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-0212</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-0213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-0213 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-0213</a> + <a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-0214&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-0214 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-0214</a>) (2 gab.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Vilkme</b></td> <td>582 kN + 31 kN </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pilna masa</b></td> <td>50 747 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sausmasa</b></td> <td>4185 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Diametrs</b></td> <td>4,15 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Garums</b></td> <td>6,5 m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Degviela</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Disl%C4%81pek%C4%BCa_tetroks%C4%ABds" class="mw-redirect" title="Dislāpekļa tetroksīds">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesimetriskais_dimetilhidraz%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesimetriskais dimetilhidrazīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr></tbody></table>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Early_Proton-K_rocket_versions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Early_Proton-K_rocket_versions.jpg/240px-Early_Proton-K_rocket_versions.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Early_Proton-K_rocket_versions.jpg/360px-Early_Proton-K_rocket_versions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Early_Proton-K_rocket_versions.jpg/480px-Early_Proton-K_rocket_versions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>UR-500</i> (pirmais no kreisās) salīdzinājumā ar <i>Proton-K</i> versijām</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Proton-K</b></i> (<i>Протон-К</i>) jeb <i><b>UR-500K</b></i>, <a href="/wiki/GRAU_indekss" title="GRAU indekss"><i>GRAU</i> indekss</a> <i>8K82K</i>, bija <a href="/wiki/PSRS" class="mw-redirect" title="PSRS">PSRS</a>, vēlāk <a href="/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija">Krievijas</a> <a href="/wiki/Proton_(nes%C4%93jra%C4%B7e%C5%A1u_saime)" title="Proton (nesējraķešu saime)"><i>Proton</i> saimes</a> trīs pakāpju <a href="/wiki/Nes%C4%93jra%C4%B7ete" title="Nesējraķete">nesējraķete</a>. Pirmais <i>Proton-K</i> starts notika 1967. gadā (<i><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_/_Blok_D" title="Proton-K / Blok D">Proton-K / Blok D</a></i> konfigurācijā). Pēdējoreiz <i>Proton-K</i> startēja 2012. gadā. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vēsture"><span id="V.C4.93sture"></span>Vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Proton-K</i> izstrāde sākās 1965. gadā, lai kosmiskos aparātus varētu ievadīt Mēness aplidošanas trajektorijā. Raķetei <i><a href="/wiki/Proton_(nes%C4%93jra%C4%B7ete)" title="Proton (nesējraķete)">Proton</a></i> (<i>UR-500</i>) tika pievienota trešā pakāpe un veiktas modifikācijas. Turklāt sākās darbi pie dzinējbloja jeb <a href="/wiki/Kosmiskais_velkonis" title="Kosmiskais velkonis">kosmiskā velkoņa</a> (<i>Proton-K</i> nosacīti ceturtās pakāpe), ko izstrādāja uz nesējraķetes <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-1 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">N-1</a></i> piektās pakāpes <i><a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">Blok D</a></i> bāzes. Saskaņā ar šo projektu (<i>UR-500K-L1</i>), divsekciju kuģis <i>7K-L1</i> tiktu ievadīts trajektorijā uz Mēnesi, veiktu Mēness aplidojumu un atgrieztos uz Zemes. Lidojumi sākumā notiktu bezpilota režīmā, bet pēc tam pilotējamā variantā. </p><p>Pirmais <i>Proton-K</i> starts notika 1967. gada 10. martā ar <i>Blok-D</i> un bezpilota kosmosa kuģi <i>7K-L1P</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-146" title="Kosmos-146">Kosmos-146</a></i>). No <i>7K-L1</i> 11 startiem tikai <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zond-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zond-7 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Zond-7</a></i> lidojums tika atzīts par pilnībā veiksmīgu. Piecās neveiksmes notika <i>Proton-K</i> kļūmes dēl un vēl piecas misijas – <i>7K-L1</i> vai <i>Blok-D</i> vainas dēļ. </p><p>Lielā avāriju skaita dēļ lidojumu izmēģinājumu sākuma posmā (no 1967. gada marta līdz 1970. gada augustam no 21 starta bija tikai 6 pilnībā veiksmīgi) <i>Proton-K</i> tika pieņemts ekspluatācijā tikai 1978. gadā, pēc 61. starta. </p><p><i>Proton-K</i> regulāri tika izmantots dažādu zinātnisko, militāro un civilo kosmisko aparātu palaišanai. Trīs pakāpju <i>Proton-K</i> tika izmantots, lai izvadītu pavadoņus zemās orbītas (līdz 21 t), četru pakāpju konfigurācijā (ar dzinējbloku <i>Blok D</i>) — kosmisko aparātu nogādāšanai augstās orbītās (līdz 2,6 t uz ģeostacionāro orbītu). <i>Proton-K</i> ražošana tika izbeigta 2000. gadu beigā. Kopumā no 1967. līdz 2012. gadam <i>Proton-K</i> startēja 310 reizes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konstrukcija">Konstrukcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Konstrukcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Konstrukcija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nesējraķete <i>Proton-K</i> tika izstrādāta uz divpakāpju <i>UR-500</i> bāzes ar dažām izmaiņām otrajā pakāpē, pievienojot trešo un ceturto pakāpi. Tas ļāva palielināt derīgās kravas masu uz zemo orbītu, kā arī pacelt kosmiskos aparātus augstākas orbītas. </p><p>Sākuma variantā <i>Proton-K</i> tika izmantoja <i>UR-500</i> pirmo pakāpi bez izmaiņām. Vēlāk, 1990. gadu sākumā, pirmās pakāpes dzinēju <i>RD-253</i> vilce tika palielināta par 7,7 %, un jaunais dzinēja variants ieguva nosaukumu <i>RD-275</i>. </p><p>Otrā pakāpe tika izstrādāta uz <i>UR-500</i> otrās pakāpes bāzes. Lai paaugstinātu derīgās kravas masu orbītā, tika palielināts degvielas tvertņu tilpums un mainīta pārejas nodalījuma konstrukcija, kas savieno to ar pirmo pakāpi. </p><p><i>Proton-K</i> trešā pakāpe tika izstrādāta uz <i>UR-500</i> otrās pakāpes bāzes. Šim nolūkam <i>UR-500</i> otrā pakāpe tika saīsināta, un tajā četru vietā tika uzstādīts viens šķidrās degvielas dzinējs <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=RD-0212&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RD-0212 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">RD-0212</a></i> (<i>RD-0210</i> modifikācija). Šis dzinējs sastāv no pastāvīgā vienkameras dzinēja <i>RD-0213</i> un stūrēšanas četrkameru dzinēja <i>RD-0214</i>. Pastāvīgā dzinēja vilce vakuumā bija 588 kN, bet stūrēšanas dzinēja vilce - 32 kN. Otrās pakāpes atdalīšanās notika trešās pakāpes stūrēšanas dzinēja vilces rezultātā, kas tika iedarbināts pirms otrās pakāpes pastāvīgo dzinēju izslēgšanas; šai operācijai palīdzēja atdalāmās otrās pakāpes bremzēšana ar tai uzstādītajiem sešiem cietās degvielas dzinējiem <i>8D84</i>. Derīgās kravas atdalīšana no trešās pakāpes notika pēc stūrēšanas dzinēja izslēgšanas. Turklāt trešo pakāpi bremzēja ar četriem cietās degvielas dzinējiem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konfigurācijas"><span id="Konfigur.C4.81cijas"></span>Konfigurācijas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Konfigurācijas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Konfigurācijas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Proton-K</i> standarta variantā bija ar trīs pakāpēm <a href="/wiki/Der%C4%ABg%C4%81_krava" title="Derīgā krava">kravu</a> ievadīšanai zemā Zemes orbītā. </p><p>Lai kravas nogādāt augstākās orbītās vai trajektorijā uz citām planētām, <i>Proton-K</i> paceļamā krava (saukta par "kosmisko daļu") tika apgādāta ar <a href="/wiki/Kosmiskais_velkonis" title="Kosmiskais velkonis">kosmisko velkoni</a> (bieži sauktu par <i>Proton-K</i> ceturto pakāpi): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_/_Blok_D" title="Proton-K / Blok D">Proton-K / Blok D</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K_/_Blok_D-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton-K / Blok D-1 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Proton-K / Blok D-1</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K_/_Blok_D-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton-K / Blok D-2 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Proton-K / Blok D-2</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_/_Blok_DM" title="Proton-K / Blok DM">Proton-K / Blok DM</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_/_Blok_DM-2" title="Proton-K / Blok DM-2">Proton-K / Blok DM-2</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_/_Blok_DM-2M" title="Proton-K / Blok DM-2M">Proton-K / Blok DM-2M</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K_/_Blok_DM-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton-K / Blok DM-5 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Proton-K / Blok DM-5</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K_/_Blok_DM1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton-K / Blok DM1 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Proton-K / Blok DM1</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K_/_Blok_DM2" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton-K / Blok DM2">Proton-K / Blok DM2</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K_/_Blok_DM3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton-K / Blok DM3 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Proton-K / Blok DM3</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K_/_Blok_DM4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton-K / Blok DM4 (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Proton-K / Blok DM4</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K_/_Briz-M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton-K / Briz-M (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Proton-K / Briz-M</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton-K&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/p/proton-k.html">Proton-K</a> Mark Wade, astronautix.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/proton.html">Proton rocket family</a> Anatoly Zak, russianspaceweb.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/proton-k.htm">Proton-K</a> Gunter Dirk Krebs</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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