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hydroxide catalyst</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: potassium hydroxide catalyst"> <meta name="keywords" content="potassium hydroxide catalyst"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="potassium hydroxide catalyst"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1370</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: potassium hydroxide catalyst</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1370</span> The Different Roles between Sodium and Potassium Ions in Ion Exchange of WO3/SiO2 Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kritsada%20Pipitthapan">Kritsada Pipitthapan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> WO3/SiO2 catalysts were modified by an ion exchange method with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution. The performance of the modified catalysts was tested in the metathesis of ethylene and trans-2-butene to propylene. During ion exchange, sodium and potassium ions played different roles. Sodium modified catalysts revealed constant trans-2-butene conversion and propylene selectivity when the concentrations of sodium in the solution were varied. In contrast, potassium modified catalysts showed reduction of the conversion and increase of the selectivity. From these results, potassium hydroxide may affect the transformation of tungsten oxide active species, resulting in the decrease in conversion whereas sodium hydroxide did not. Moreover, the modification of catalysts by this method improved the catalyst stability by lowering the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20sites" title="acid sites">acid sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20metal" title=" alkali metal"> alkali metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isomerization" title=" isomerization"> isomerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metathesis" title=" metathesis "> metathesis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25493/the-different-roles-between-sodium-and-potassium-ions-in-ion-exchange-of-wo3sio2-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1369</span> The Determination of the Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Hydroxide and Boric Acid Molar Ratio in the Synthesis of Potassium Borates via Hydrothermal Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yildirim">M. Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20T.%20Senberber"> F. T. Senberber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O.%20Asensio"> M. O. Asensio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Derun"> E. M. Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potassium borates, which are widely used in welding and metal refining industry, as a lubricating oil additive, cement additive, fiberglass additive and insulation compound, are one of the important groups of borate minerals. In this study the production of a potassium borate mineral via hydrothermal method is aimed. The potassium source of potassium nitrate (KNO3) was used along with a sodium source of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and boron source of boric acid (H3BO3). The constant parameters of reaction temperature and reaction time were determined as 80°C and 1 h, respectively. The molar ratios of 1:1:3 (as KNO3:NaOH:H3BO3), 1:1:4, 1:1:5, 1:1:6 and 1:1:7 were used. Following the synthesis the identifications of the produced products were conducted by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results of the experiments and analysis showed in the ratio of 1:1:6, the Santite mineral with powder diffraction file number (pdf no.) of 01-072-1688, which is known as potassium pentaborate (KB5O8•4H2O) was synthesized as best. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20synthesis" title="hydrothermal synthesis">hydrothermal synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20borate" title=" potassium borate"> potassium borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20nitrate" title=" potassium nitrate"> potassium nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=santite" title=" santite"> santite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25561/the-determination-of-the-potassium-nitrate-sodium-hydroxide-and-boric-acid-molar-ratio-in-the-synthesis-of-potassium-borates-via-hydrothermal-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1368</span> Comparative Analysis of Various Waste Oils for Biodiesel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusegun%20Ayodeji%20Olagunju">Olusegun Ayodeji Olagunju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Tyreesa%20Pillay"> Christine Tyreesa Pillay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiesel from waste sources is regarded as an economical and most viable fuel alternative to depleting fossil fuels. In this work, biodiesel was produced from three different sources of waste cooking oil; from cafeterias, which is vegetable-based using the transesterification method. The free fatty acids (% FFA) of the feedstocks were conducted successfully through the titration method. The results for sources 1, 2, and 3 were 0.86 %, 0.54 % and 0.20 %, respectively. The three variables considered in this process were temperature, reaction time, and catalyst concentration within the following range: 50 oC – 70 oC, 30 min – 90 min, and 0.5 % – 1.5 % catalyst. Produced biodiesel was characterized using ASTM standard methods for biodiesel property testing to determine the fuel properties, including kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, flash point, pour point, cloud point, and acid number. The results obtained indicate that the biodiesel yield from source 3 was greater than the other sources. All produced biodiesel fuel properties are within the standard biodiesel fuel specifications ASTM D6751. The optimum yield of biodiesel was obtained at 98.76%, 96.4%, and 94.53% from source 3, source 2, and source 1, respectively at optimum operating variables of 65 oC temperature, 90 minutes reaction time, and 0.5 wt% potassium hydroxide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20cooking%20oil" title="waste cooking oil">waste cooking oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20fatty%20acid%20content" title=" free fatty acid content"> free fatty acid content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20hydroxide%20catalyst" title=" potassium hydroxide catalyst"> potassium hydroxide catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20analysis" title=" optimization analysis"> optimization analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173330/comparative-analysis-of-various-waste-oils-for-biodiesel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1367</span> The Effect of Potassium Hydroxide on Fine Soil Treated with Olivine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmaoula%20Mahamoud%20Tahir">Abdelmaoula Mahamoud Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedat%20Sert"> Sedat Sert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The possibility of improving the shear strength of unsaturated clayey soil with the addition of olivine was investigated in this paper. Unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests (UU), under different cell pressures (namely: 100 kPa and 200 kPa), with varying percentages of olivine (10% and 20% by weight) and with one day, 28 days, and 56 days curing times, were performed to determine the shear strength of the soil. The increase in strength was observed as a function of the increase in olivine content. An olivine content of 25% was determined as the optimum value to achieve the targeted improvement for both cure times. A comparative study was also conducted between clay samples treated with only olivine and others in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH). Clay samples treated with olivine and activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) had higher shear strength than non-activated olivine-treated samples. It was determined that the strength of the clay samples treated with only olivine did not increase over time and added resistance only with the high specific gravity of olivine. On the other hand, the samples activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) added to the resistance with high specific gravity and the chemical bonds of olivine. Morphological and mineralogical analyzes were carried out in this study to see and analyze the chemical bonds formed after the reaction. The main components of this improvement were the formation of magnesium-aluminate-hydrate and magnesium-silicate-hydrate. Compared to older methods such as cement addition, these results show that in stabilizing clayey soils, olivine additive offers an energy-efficient alternative for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20stabilization" title="ground stabilization">ground stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olivine%20additive" title=" olivine additive"> olivine additive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KOH" title=" KOH"> KOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158574/the-effect-of-potassium-hydroxide-on-fine-soil-treated-with-olivine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1366</span> Comparison of Different Activators Impact on the Alkali-Activated Aluminium-Silicate Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Dembovska">Laura Dembovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ina%20Pundiene"> Ina Pundiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Bajare"> Diana Bajare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alkali-activated aluminium-silicate composites (AASC) can be used in the production of innovative materials with a wide range of properties and applications. AASC are associated with low CO₂ emissions; in the production process, it is possible to use industrial by-products and waste, thereby minimizing the use of a non-renewable natural resource. This study deals with the preparation of heat-resistant porous AASC based on chamotte for high-temperature applications up to 1200°C. Different fillers, aluminium scrap recycling waste as pores forming agent and alkali activation with 6M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution were used. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is widely used for the synthesis of AASC compared to potassium hydroxide (KOH), but comparison of using different activator for geopolymer synthesis is not well established. Changes in chemical composition of AASC during heating were identified and quantitatively analyzed by using DTA, dimension changes during the heating process were determined by using HTOM, pore microstructure was examined by SEM, and mineralogical composition of AASC was determined by XRD. Lightweight porous AASC activated with NaOH have been obtained with density in range from 600 to 880 kg/m³ and compressive strength from 0.8 to 2.7 MPa, but for AAM activated with KOH density was in range from 750 to 850 kg/m³ and compressive strength from 0.7 to 2.1 MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20activation" title="alkali activation">alkali activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20activated%20materials" title=" alkali activated materials"> alkali activated materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevated%20temperature%20application" title=" elevated temperature application"> elevated temperature application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20resistance" title=" heat resistance"> heat resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82266/comparison-of-different-activators-impact-on-the-alkali-activated-aluminium-silicate-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1365</span> Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Central Composite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jefrey%20Pilusa"> Jefrey Pilusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study investigated the effect of catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel production by using central composite design. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst, a laboratory scale reactor consisting of flat bottom flask mounts with a reflux condenser and a heating plate was used to produce biodiesel. Key parameters, including, time, temperature and mixing rate were kept constant at 60 minutes, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 600 RPM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was observed that the biodiesel yield depends on catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio. The highest yield of 50.65% was obtained at catalyst ratio of 0.5 wt.% and methanol to oil mole ratio 10.5. The analysis of variances of biodiesel yield showed the R Squared value of 0.8387. A quadratic mathematical model was developed to predict the biodiesel yield in the specified parameters ranges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCD" title=" CCD"> CCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92550/optimization-of-biodiesel-production-from-sunflower-oil-using-central-composite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1364</span> Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Central Composite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge">Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jefrey%20Pilusa"> Jefrey Pilusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study investigated the effect of catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel production by using central composite design. Biodiesel was produced by transesterification using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst, a laboratory scale reactor consisting of flat bottom flask mounts with a reflux condenser, and a heating plate was used to produce biodiesel. Key parameters, including time, temperature, and mixing rate was kept constant at 60 minutes, 60 <sup>o</sup>C and 600 RPM, respectively. From the results obtained, it was observed that the biodiesel yield depends on catalyst ratio and methanol to oil ratio. The highest yield of 50.65% was obtained at catalyst ratio of 0.5 wt.% and methanol to oil mole ratio 10.5. The analysis of variances of biodiesel yield showed the R Squared value of 0.8387. A quadratic mathematical model was developed to predict the biodiesel yield in the specified parameters ranges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design" title=" central composite design"> central composite design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98851/optimization-of-biodiesel-production-from-sunflower-oil-using-central-composite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1363</span> Development of Catalyst from Waste Egg Shell for Biodiesel Production by Using Waste Vegetable Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Chinecherem%20Ejeke">Victor Chinecherem Ejeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Eze%20Nnam"> Raphael Eze Nnam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this research is to produce biodiesel from waste vegetable oil using activated eggshell waste as solid catalysts. A transesterification reaction was performed for the conversion to biodiesel. Waste eggshells were calcined at 700°C, 800°C and 900°C for a time period of 3hrs for the preparation of the renewable catalyst. The calcined waste eggshell catalyst was characterized using X-Ray Florescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, which revealed CaO as the major constituent (90.86%); this was further confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The prepared catalyst was used for transesterification reaction and the effects of calcination temperature (700 to 900°C), Deep Eutectic Solvent DES loading (3 to 18 wt. %), Waste Egg Shell (WES) catalyst loading (6 to 14 wt. %) on the conversion to biodiesel were studied. The yield of biodiesel using a waste eggshell catalyst (91%) is comparable to conventional catalyst like sodium hydroxide with a yield of 80-90%. The maximum biodiesel production yield was obtained at a specific oil-to methanol molar ratio of 1:10, a temperature of 65°C and a catalyst loading of 14g-wt%. The biodiesel produced was characterized as being composed of methyl Tetradecanoate (C₁₄H₂₈O₂) 30.92% using the Gas Chromatographic (GC-MS) analysis. The fuel properties of the biodiesel (Flashpoint 138ᵒC) were comparable to commercial diesel, and hence it can be used in compression-ignition engines. The results indicated that the catalysts derived from waste eggshell had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts in transesterification of waste vegetable oil with the advantage of reusability and also not requiring water washing steps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20vegetable%20oil" title="waste vegetable oil">waste vegetable oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst "> catalyst </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel "> biodiesel </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20egg%20shell" title=" waste egg shell"> waste egg shell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113339/development-of-catalyst-from-waste-egg-shell-for-biodiesel-production-by-using-waste-vegetable-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1362</span> Production of Biodiesel from Melon Seed Oil Using Sodium Hydroxide as a Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ene%20Rosemary%20Ndidiamaka">Ene Rosemary Ndidiamaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nwangwu%20Florence%20Chinyere"> Nwangwu Florence Chinyere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physiochemical properties of the melon seed oil was studied to determine its potentials as viable feed stock for biodisel production. The melon seed was extracted by solvent extraction using n-hexane as the extracting solvent. In this research, methanol was the alcohol used in the production of biodiesel, although alcohols like ethanol, propanol may also be used. Sodium hydroxide was employed for the catalysis. The melon seed oil was characterized for specific gravity, pH, ash content, iodine value, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acid value, flash point, viscosity, and refractive index using standard methods. The melon seed oil had very high oil content. Specific gravity and flash point of the oil is satisfactory. However, moisture content of the oil exceeded the stipulated ASRTM standard for biodiesel production. The overall results indicates that the melon seed oil is suitable for single-stage transesterification process to biodiesel production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melon%20seed" title=" melon seed"> melon seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31589/production-of-biodiesel-from-melon-seed-oil-using-sodium-hydroxide-as-a-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1361</span> Graphene-Oxide-Supported Coal-Layered Double Hydroxides: Synthesis and Characterizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaeel%20A.%20Al%20Thabaiti">Shaeel A. Al Thabaiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20N.%20Basahel"> Sulaiman N. Basahel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20M.%20Bawaked"> Salem M. Bawaked</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mokhtar"> Mohamed Mokhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanosheets for cobalt-layered double hydroxide (Co-Al-LDH)/GO were successfully synthesized with different Co:M g:Al ratios (0:3:1, 1.5:1.5:1, and 3:0:1). The layered double hydroxide structure and morphology were determined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Temperature prgrammed reduction (TPR) of Co-Al-LDH showed reduction peaks at lower temperature which indicates the ease reducibility of this particular sample. The thermal behaviour was studied using thermal graviemetric technique (TG), and the BET-surface area was determined using N2 physisorption at -196°C. The C-C coupling reaction was carried out over all the investigated catalysts. The Mg–Al LDH catalyst without Co ions is inactive, but the isomorphic substitution of Mg by Co ions (Co:Mg:Al = 1.5:1.5:1) in the cationic sheet resulted in 88% conversion of iodobenzene under reflux. LDH/GO hybrid is up to 2 times higher activity than for the unsupported LDH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-precipitation" title=" co-precipitation"> co-precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20double%20hydroxide" title=" layer double hydroxide"> layer double hydroxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67980/graphene-oxide-supported-coal-layered-double-hydroxides-synthesis-and-characterizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1360</span> The Determination of Sodium/Potassium Ion Ratio in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in North-Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20D.%20Uzoh">Raymond D. Uzoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20K.%20Shallsuku"> Philip K. Shallsuku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20S.%20Vaachia"> Christopher S. Vaachia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selected edible leafy vegetables from North-eastern Nigeria were analysed for their sodium and potassium content in mg/100 g and the ratio Na+/K+ worked out. From experimental results, Venonia amydalina (bitter leaf) contained 150 mg (0.15 g) of sodium and 20500 mg (20.5 g) potassium with a ratio of 0.007, Brassica oleracea var capitata (cabbage) contained 300 mg (0.3 g) of sodium and 19000 mg (19 g) of potassium with a ration of 0.012. Others are Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) with 400 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 19500 mg (19.5 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020; Hibiscus sabdriffa (sorrel) has 200 mg (0.2 g) of sodium and 600 mg (0.6 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.300; and Amarantus caudatus (spinach) contained 450 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 23000 mg (23 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020. The presence of sodium and potassium in foods has become increasingly important as recent studies and dietary information gathered in this research has shown that sodium intake is not the sole consideration in elevated blood pressure but its considered as a ratio Na+/K+ fixed at 0.6. This ratio has been found to be a more important factor, suggesting that our diet should contain 67 % more potassium than sodium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title="vegetables">vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium" title=" sodium"> sodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title=" potassium"> potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title=" diet"> diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foods" title=" foods "> foods </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091/the-determination-of-sodiumpotassium-ion-ratio-in-selected-edible-leafy-vegetables-in-north-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1359</span> Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (NPK) Hydroxyapatite Nano-Hybrid Slow Release Fertilizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tinomuvonga%20Manenji%20Zhou">Tinomuvonga Manenji Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eubert%20Mahofa"> Eubert Mahofa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatenda%20Crispen%20Madzokere"> Tatenda Crispen Madzokere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nanostructured formulation can increase fertilizer efficacy and uptake ratio of the soil nutrients in agriculture production and save fertilizer resources. Controlled release modes have properties of both release rate and release pattern of nutrients, for fertilizers that are soluble in water might be correctly controlled. Nanoparticles can reduce the rate at which fertilizer nutrients are in the soil by leaching. A slow release NPK-hydroxyapatite nano hybrid fertilizer was synthesized using exfoliated bentonite as filler material. A simple, scalable method was used to synthesize the nitrogen-phosphorus hydroxyapatite nano fertilizer, where calcium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, and urea were used as precursor material, followed by the incorporation of potassium through a liquid grinding method. The product obtained was an NPK-hydroxyapatite nano hybrid fertilizer. A quantitative analysis was done to determine the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the hybrid fertilizer. AAS was used to determine the percentage of potassium in the fertilizer. An accelerated water test was conducted to compare the nutrient release behavior of nutrients between the synthesized NPK-hydroxyapatite nano hybrid fertilizer and commercial NPK fertilizer. The rate of release of Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was significantly lower in the synthesized NPK hydroxyapatite nano hybrid fertilizer than in the convectional NPK fertilizer. The synthesized fertilizer was characterized using XRD. NPK hydroxyapatite nano hybrid fertilizer encapsulated in exfoliated bentonite thus prepared can be used as an environmentally friendly fertilizer formulation which could be extended to solve one of the major problems faced in the global fertilization of low nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiency in agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPK%20hydroxyapatite%20nano%20hybrid%20fertilizer" title="NPK hydroxyapatite nano hybrid fertilizer">NPK hydroxyapatite nano hybrid fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bentonite" title=" bentonite"> bentonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title=" encapsulation"> encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20release" title=" low release"> low release</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163701/nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-npk-hydroxyapatite-nano-hybrid-slow-release-fertilizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1358</span> Chemical Durability of Textured Glass-coat Suitable for Building Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adejo%20Andrew%20Ojonugwa">Adejo Andrew Ojonugwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jomboh%20Jeff%20Kator"> Jomboh Jeff Kator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garkida%20Adele%20Dzikwi"> Garkida Adele Dzikwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the behaviour of textured glass coat to chemical reactions upon application. Samples of textured glass coat developed from mixed post consumer glass were subjected to pH test (ASTM D5464), Chemical resistance test (ASTM D3260 and D1308), Adhesion test (ASTM D3359), and Abrasion test (ASTM D4060). Results shows a pH of 8.50, Chemical resistance of 5% flick rate when reacted with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a 3%, 5%, 10%, and 15% discolouration when reacted with Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), Hydrogen fluoride (HF), Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and NaOH respectively, an adhesion of 4A and abrasion of 0.2g. The results confirm that the developed textured glass coat is in line with the standard pH range of 8-9, resistant to acid and base except for HF, NaOH, and Mg(OH)₂, good adhesion and abrasion properties, thereby making the coat resistant to chemical degradation and a good engineering material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20durability" title="chemical durability">chemical durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass-coat" title=" glass-coat"> glass-coat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157990/chemical-durability-of-textured-glass-coat-suitable-for-building-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1357</span> Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide in Spinning Disk Reactor and Its Applications in Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Wen%20Liu">Tzu-Wen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Feng%20Lin"> Yi-Feng Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Shao%20Chen"> Yu-Shao Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CO_2 is believed to be partly responsible for changes to the global climates. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the past. Recently, how to convert the captured CO_2 into fine chemicals gets lots of attention owing to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and providing greener feedstock for the chemicals industry. A variety of products can be manufactured from carbon dioxide and the most attractive products are cyclic carbonates. Therefore, the kind of catalyst plays an important role in cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides. Magnesium oxide can be an efficiency heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides because magnesium oxide has both acid and base active sites and can provide the adsorption of carbon dioxide, promoting ring-opening reaction. Spinning disk reactor (SDR) is one of the device of high-gravity technique and has successfully used for synthesis of nanoparticles by precipitation methods because of the high mass transfer rate. Synthesis of nanoparticles in SDR has advantages of low energy consumption and easy to scale up. The aim of this research is to synthesize magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles in SDR as precursors for magnesium oxide. Experimental results showed that the calcination temperature of magnesium hydroxide to magnesium oxide, and the pressure and temperature of cycloaddition reaction had significantly effect on the conversion and selectivity of the reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20oxide" title="magnesium oxide">magnesium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycloaddition" title=" cycloaddition"> cycloaddition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinning%20disk%20reactor" title=" spinning disk reactor"> spinning disk reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title=" carbon dioxide"> carbon dioxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63228/synthesis-of-magnesium-oxide-in-spinning-disk-reactor-and-its-applications-in-cycloaddition-of-carbon-dioxide-to-epoxides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1356</span> Some Observations on the Preparation of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20Ivanov">Krasimir Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20Kolentsova"> Elitsa Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Nguyen"> Nguyen Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Peltekov"> Alexander Peltekov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violina%20Angelova"> Violina Angelova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nanosized zinc hydroxide nitrate has been recently estimated as perspective foliar fertilizer, which has improved zinc solubility, but low phytotoxicity, in comparison with ZnO and other Zn containing compounds. The main problem is obtaining of stable particles with dimensions less than 100 nm. This work studies the effect of preparation conditions on the chemical compositions and particle size of the zinc hydroxide nitrates, prepared by precipitation. Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and NaOH with concentrations, ranged from 0.2 to 3.2M and the initial OH/Zn ratio from 0.5 to 1.6 were used at temperatures from 20 to 60 °C. All samples were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and ICP. Stability and distribution of the zinc hydroxide nitrate particles were estimated too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20hydroxide%20nitrate" title="zinc hydroxide nitrate">zinc hydroxide nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation" title=" preparation"> preparation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foliar%20fertilizer" title=" foliar fertilizer"> foliar fertilizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53436/some-observations-on-the-preparation-of-zinc-hydroxide-nitrate-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1355</span> Investigating the Influence of Potassium Ion Doping on Lithium-Ion Battery Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyew%20Yizengaw%20Yitayih">Liyew Yizengaw Yitayih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This nanotechnology study focuses on how potassium ions (K+) affect lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery performance. By adding potassium ions (K+) to the lithium tin oxide (LiSnO) anode and employing styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, the doping of K+ was specifically studied. The methods employed in this study include computer modeling and simulation, material fabrication, and electrochemical characterization. The potassium ions (Li+) were successfully doped into the LiSnO lattice during charge/discharge cycles, which increased the lithium-ion diffusivity and electrical conductivity within the anode. However, it was found that internal doping of potassium ions (K+) into the LiSnO lattice occurred at high potassium ion concentrations (>16.6%), which hampered lithium ion transfer because of repulsion and physical blockage. The electrochemical efficiency of lithium-ion batteries was improved by this comprehensive study's presentation of potassium ions' (K+) potential advantages when present in the appropriate concentrations in electrode materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20battery" title="lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiSnO%20anode" title=" LiSnO anode"> LiSnO anode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20doping" title=" potassium doping"> potassium doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20diffusivity" title=" lithium-ion diffusivity"> lithium-ion diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20conductivity" title=" electronic conductivity"> electronic conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173540/investigating-the-influence-of-potassium-ion-doping-on-lithium-ion-battery-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1354</span> A Review on New Additives in Deep Soil Mixing Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meysam%20Mousakhani">Meysam Mousakhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ziaie%20Moayed"> Reza Ziaie Moayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the population growth and the needs of society, the improvement of problematic soils and the study of the application of different improvement methods have been considered. One of these methods is deep soil mixing, which has been developed in the past decade, especially in soft soils due to economic efficiency, simple implementation, and other benefits. The use of cement is criticized for its cost and the damaging environmental effects, so these factors lead us to use other additives along with cement in the deep soil mixing. Additives that are used today include fly ash, blast-furnace slag, glass powder, and potassium hydroxide. The present study provides a literature review on the application of different additives in deep soil mixing so that the best additives can be introduced from strength, economic, environmental and other perspectives. The results show that by replacing fly ash and slag with about 40 to 50% of cement, not only economic and environmental benefits but also a long-term strength comparable to cement would be achieved. The use of glass powder, especially in 3% mixing, results in desirable strength. In addition to the other benefits of these additives, potassium hydroxide can also be transported over longer distances, leading to wider soil improvement. Finally, this paper suggests further studies in terms of using other additives such as nanomaterials and zeolite, with different ratios, in different conditions and soils (silty sand, clayey sand, carbonate sand, sandy clay and etc.) in the deep mixing method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20soil%20mix" title="deep soil mix">deep soil mix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133452/a-review-on-new-additives-in-deep-soil-mixing-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1353</span> Removal of Heavy Metals by KOH Activated Diplotaxis harra Biomass: Experimental Design Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Tounsadi">H. Tounsadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khalidi"> A. Khalidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdennouri"> M. Abdennouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Barka"> N. Barka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to produce high quality activated carbons from Diplotaxis harra biomass by potassium hydroxide activation and their application for heavy metals removal. To reduce the number of experiments, full factorial experimental design at two levels were carried out to occur optimal preparation conditions and better conditions for the removal of cadmium and cobalt ions from aqueous solutions. The influence of different variables during the activation process, such as carbonization temperature, activation temperature, activation time and impregnation ratio (g KOH/g carbon) have been investigated, and the best production conditions were determined. The experimental results showed that removal of cadmium and cobalt ions onto activated carbons was more sensitive to methylene blue index instead of iodine number. Although, the removal of cadmium and cobalt ions is more influenced by activation temperature with a negative effect followed by the impregnation ratio with a positive impact. Based on the statistical data, the best conditions for the removal of cadmium and cobalt by prepared activated carbons have been established. The maximum iodine number and methylene blue index obtained under these conditions and the greater sorption capacities for cadmium and cobalt were investigated. These sorption capacities were greater than those of a commercial activated carbon used in water treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt" title=" cobalt"> cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diplotaxis%20harra" title=" Diplotaxis harra"> Diplotaxis harra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20design" title=" experimental design"> experimental design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20hydroxide" title=" potassium hydroxide"> potassium hydroxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48982/removal-of-heavy-metals-by-koh-activated-diplotaxis-harra-biomass-experimental-design-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1352</span> NiAl-Layered Double Hydroxide: Preparation, Characterization and Applications in Photo-Catalysis and Hydrogen Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Farghali">Ahmed Farghali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Amar"> Heba Amar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Khedr"> Mohamed Khedr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NiAl-Layered Double Hydroxide (NiAl-LDH), one of anionic functional layered materials, has been prepared by a simple co-precipitation process. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the formation of the desired compounds of NiAl hydroxide single phase and the crystallite size was found to be about 4.6 nm. The morphology of the prepared samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and the layered structure was appeared under the transmission electron microscope. The thermal stability and the function groups of NiAl-LDH were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) respectively. NiAl-LDH was investigated as a photo-catalyst for the degradation of some toxic dyes such as toluidine blue and bromopyrogallol red. It shows good catalytic efficiency in visible light and even in dark. For the first time NiAl-LDH was used for hydrogen storage application. NiAl-LDH samples were exposed to 20 bar applied hydrogen pressure at room temperature, 100 and -193 oC. NiAl-LDH samples appear to have feasible hydrogen storage capacity. It was capable to adsorb 0.1wt% at room temperature, 0.15 wt% at 100oC and storage capacity reached 0.3 wt% at -193 oC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiAl-LDH" title="NiAl-LDH">NiAl-LDH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation" title=" preparation"> preparation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-catalysis" title=" photo-catalysis"> photo-catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20storage" title=" hydrogen storage"> hydrogen storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62871/nial-layered-double-hydroxide-preparation-characterization-and-applications-in-photo-catalysis-and-hydrogen-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1351</span> Construction and Application of Zr-MCM41 Nanoreactors as Highly Active and Efficiently Catalyst in the Synthesis of Biginelli-Type Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohreh%20Derikvand">Zohreh Derikvand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanoreactors Zr-MCM-41were prepared via the reaction of ZrOCl2, Fumed silica, sodium hydroxide and cethyltrimethyl ammonium bromide under hydrothermal condition. The prepared nanoreactors were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The XRD pattern of Zr-MCM-41 exhibits a high-intensity (100) and two low-intensity reflections (110 and 200) which are characteristic of hexagonal structure, exhibiting the long-range order and good textural uniformity of mesoporous structure. Based on the green chemistry approach, we report an efficient and environmentally benign protocol to study the catalytic activity of Zr-MCM-41 in the Biginelli type reactions initially. Nanoreactors Zr-MCM-41 were used as highly recoverable and reusable catalyst for synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, octahydroquinazolinone, benzimidazolo-quinazolineone and 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one. The methodology offers several advantages such as short reaction time, high yields and simple operation. The catalyst was active up to three cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zr-MCM-41%20nanoreactors" title="Zr-MCM-41 nanoreactors">Zr-MCM-41 nanoreactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biginelli%20like%20reactions" title=" Biginelli like reactions"> Biginelli like reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3" title=" 3"> 3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-dihydropyrimidin-2%281H%29-ones" title="4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones">4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ctahydroquinazolinones" title=" ctahydroquinazolinones"> ctahydroquinazolinones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55267/construction-and-application-of-zr-mcm41-nanoreactors-as-highly-active-and-efficiently-catalyst-in-the-synthesis-of-biginelli-type-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1350</span> Electrochemical Studies of Si, Si-Ge- and Ge-Air Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20C.%20Sharma">R. C. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishabh%20Bansal"> Rishabh Bansal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prajwal%20Menon"> Prajwal Menon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20K.%20Sharma"> Manoj K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silicon-air battery is highly promising for electric vehicles due to its high theoretical energy density (8470 Whkg⁻¹) and its discharge products are non-toxic. For the first time, pure silicon and germanium powders are used as anode material. Nickel wire meshes embedded with charcoal and manganese dioxide powder as cathode and concentrated potassium hydroxide is used as electrolyte. Voltage-time curves have been presented in this study for pure silicon and germanium powder and 5% and 10% germanium with silicon powder. Silicon powder cell assembly gives a stable voltage of 0.88 V for ~20 minutes while Si-Ge provides cell voltage of 0.80-0.76 V for ~10-12 minutes, and pure germanium cell provides cell voltage 0.80-0.76 V for ~30 minutes. The cell voltage is higher for concentrated (10%) sodium hydroxide solution (1.08 V) and it is stable for ~40 minutes. A sharp decrease in cell voltage beyond 40 min may be due to rapid corrosion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silicon-air%20battery" title="Silicon-air battery">Silicon-air battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Germanium-air%20battery" title=" Germanium-air battery"> Germanium-air battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage-time%20curve" title=" voltage-time curve"> voltage-time curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20circuit%20voltage" title=" open circuit voltage"> open circuit voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anodic%20corrosion" title=" Anodic corrosion"> Anodic corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138312/electrochemical-studies-of-si-si-ge-and-ge-air-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1349</span> Pretreatment of Aquatic Weed Typha latifolia with Sodium Bisulphate for Enhanced Acid and Enzyme Hydrolysis for Production of Xylitol and Bioethanol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyosthna%20Khanna%20Goli">Jyosthna Khanna Goli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaik%20Naseeruddin"> Shaik Naseeruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hameeda%20Bee"> Hameeda Bee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Employing lignocellulosic biomass in fermentative production of xylitol and bioethanol is gaining interest as it is renewable, cheap, and abundantly available. Xylitol is a polyol, gaining its importance in the food and pharmacological industry due to its low calorific value and anti-cariogenic nature. Bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is widely accepted as an alternative fuel for transportation with reduced CO₂ emissions, thus reducing the greenhouse effect. Typha latifolia, an aquatic weed, was found to be promising lignocellulosic substrate as it posses a high amount of sugars and does not compete with arable lands and interfere with food and feed competition. In the present study, xylose from hemicellulosic fraction of typha is converted to xylitol by isolate Jfh5 (Candida. tropicalis) and cellulose part to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiaeVS3. Initially, alkali pretreatment of typha using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium bisulphate and sodium dithionate for overnight (18h) at room temperature (28 ± 2°C), resulted in maximum delignification of 75% with 2% (v/v) sodium bisulphate. Later, pretreated biomass was subjected to acid hydrolysis with 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3% H₂SO₄ at 110 °C and 121°C for 30 and 60 min, respectively. 2% H₂SO₄ at 121°C for 60 min was found to release 13.5 g /l sugars, which on detoxification and fermentation produced 8.1g/l xylitol with yield and productivity of 0.65g/g and 0.112g/l/h respectively. Further enzymatic hydrolysis of the residual substrate obtained after acid hydrolysis released 11g/l sugar, which on fermentation with VS3 produced 4.9g/l ethanol with yield and productivity of 0.22g/g and 0.136g/l/h respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delignification" title="delignification">delignification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylitol" title=" xylitol"> xylitol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title=" bioethanol"> bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20hydrolysis" title=" acid hydrolysis"> acid hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20hydrolysis" title=" enzyme hydrolysis"> enzyme hydrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121313/pretreatment-of-aquatic-weed-typha-latifolia-with-sodium-bisulphate-for-enhanced-acid-and-enzyme-hydrolysis-for-production-of-xylitol-and-bioethanol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1348</span> Protein-Starch-Potassium Iodide Composite as a Sensor for Chlorine in Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mowafi">S. Mowafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abou%20El-Kheir"> A. Abou El-Kheir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abou%20Taleb"> M. Abou Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Sayed"> H. El-Sayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two proteinic biopolymers; namely keratin and sericin, were extracted from their respective natural resources by simple appropriate methods. The said proteins were dissolved in the appropriate solvents followed by regeneration in a form of film polyvinyl alcohol. Protein-starch-potassium iodide (PSPI) composite was prepared by anchoring starch and potassium iodide mixture onto the film surface using appropriate polymeric material. The possibility of using PSPI composite for determination of the concentration of chlorine ions in domestic as well as industrial water was examined. The concentration of chlorine in water was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the intensity of blue colour of formed between starch and the released iodine obtained by interaction of potassium iodide chlorine in the tested water sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorine" title="chlorine">chlorine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20iodide" title=" potassium iodide"> potassium iodide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54381/protein-starch-potassium-iodide-composite-as-a-sensor-for-chlorine-in-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1347</span> Oxidation of Alcohols Types Using Nano-Graphene Oxide (NGO) as Heterogeneous Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gharib">Ali Gharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Vojdanifard"> Leila Vojdanifard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Noroozi%20Pesyan"> Nader Noroozi Pesyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Roshani"> Mina Roshani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe an efficient method for oxidation of alcohols to related aldehydes and ketones by hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent, under reflux conditions. Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) as a heterogeneous catalyst was used and had their activity compared with other various catalysts. This catalyst was found to be an excellent catalyst for oxidation of alcohols. The effects of various parameters, including catalyst type, nature of the substituent in the alcohols and temperature, on the yield of the carboxylic acids were studied. Nano-graphene oxide was synthesized by the oxidation of graphite powders. This nanocatalyst was found to be highly efficient in this reaction and products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The recovered nano-catalyst was successfully reused for several runs without significant loss in its catalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-graphene%20oxide" title="nano-graphene oxide">nano-graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aldehyde" title=" aldehyde"> aldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketone" title=" ketone"> ketone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40536/oxidation-of-alcohols-types-using-nano-graphene-oxide-ngo-as-heterogeneous-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1346</span> Characterization of Fish Bone Catalyst for Biodiesel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarina%20Sulaiman">Sarina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.Khairudin"> N.Khairudin </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.Jamal"> P.Jamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Z.%20Alam"> M.Z. Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaki%20Zainudin"> Zaki Zainudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Azmi"> S. Azmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, fish bone waste was used as a new catalyst for biodiesel production. Instead of discarding the fish bone waste, it will be utilized as a source for catalyst that can provide significant benefit to the environment. Also, it can be substitute as a calcium oxide source instead of using eggshell, crab shell and snail shell. The XRD and SEM analysis proved that calcined fish bone contains calcium oxide, calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. The catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcinations" title="calcinations">calcinations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20bone" title=" fish bone"> fish bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20catalyst" title=" waste catalyst"> waste catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7717/characterization-of-fish-bone-catalyst-for-biodiesel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1345</span> Moisture Resistant K-loaded ZIF-8 Catalyst for Glycerol Carbonate Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anshu%20Tyagi">Anshu Tyagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with structures resembling aluminosilicate zeolites, are gaining significant attention due to their unique properties. ZIF-8, in particular, has shown high surface area and enhanced hydrophobicity, making it a promising candidate for catalytic applications. In this study, ZIF-8 was synthesized in an aqueous medium by mixing 2-methylimidazole (mIm) with zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn) in deionized water. To improve the basicity and catalytic performance of ZIF-8, a series of K-loaded ZIF-8 catalysts (K/ZIF-8) were prepared by varying the KOH content from 5 to 10 wt%. Characterization of the synthesized catalysts was conducted using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. The ZIF-8 and K/ZIF-8 catalysts were applied in the transesterification of glycerol (GL) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to form glycerol carbonate (GLC). Various reaction parameters, including DMC/GL molar ratio, KOH loading, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature, were systematically studied to optimize the GLC yield. Under optimized conditions, the 10 wt% KOH-loaded ZIF-8 catalyst (10-K/ZIF-8) demonstrated excellent catalytic activity, achieving up to 95% GLC yield at a DMC/GL molar ratio of 3:1 within 0.5 hours. Remarkably, despite the hygroscopic nature of potassium, the catalyst exhibited significant water resistance, maintaining performance with up to 5 wt% water in relation to GL. Furthermore, the catalyst retained its activity after three recycling cycles without any notable loss in catalytic efficiency. This study highlights the potential of K/ZIF-8 as an efficient, water-tolerant catalyst for the transesterification of GL with DMC, offering high GLC yields and recyclability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-organic%20frameworks%20%28MOFs%29" title="metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)">metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolitic%20imidazolate%20frameworks%20%28ZIFs%29" title=" zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)"> zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20catalytic" title=" sustainable catalytic"> sustainable catalytic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195202/moisture-resistant-k-loaded-zif-8-catalyst-for-glycerol-carbonate-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1344</span> Production of Renewable and Clean Bio-Fuel (DME) from Biomethanol over Copper Modified Alumina Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20I.%20Osman">Ahmed I. Osman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jehad%20K.%20Abu-Dahrieh"> Jehad K. Abu-Dahrieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20W.%20Rooney"> David W. Rooney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jillian%20Thompson"> Jillian Thompson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of loading of copper on the catalytic performance of different alumina support during the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) was performed in a fixed bed reactor. There are two levels of loading; low loading (1, 2, 4 and 6% Cu wt/wt) and high loading (10 and 15% Cu wt/wt) on both AC350 (alumina catalyst calcined at 350) and AC550 (alumina catalyst calcined at 550), to study the effect of loading and the effect of the support during methanol dehydration to DME (MTD). The catalysts were characterized by TGA, XRD, BET, TPD-NH3, TEM and DRIFT-Pyridine. Under reaction conditions where the temperature ranged from 180-300˚C with a WHSV= 12.1 h-1 it was found that all the catalysts calcined at 550˚C showed higher activity than those calcined at 350˚C. In this study, the optimum catalyst was 6% Cu/AC550. This catalyst showed a high degree of stability, had one half activity of the pure catalyst (AC550) and double the activity of the optimum catalyst calcined at 350˚C (6% Cu/AC350). So, we recommended 6% Cu/AC550 for the production of DME from methanol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-fuel" title="bio-fuel">bio-fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20composite%20catalyst" title=" nano composite catalyst"> nano composite catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DME" title=" DME"> DME</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-Al2O3" title=" Cu-Al2O3"> Cu-Al2O3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3494/production-of-renewable-and-clean-bio-fuel-dme-from-biomethanol-over-copper-modified-alumina-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1343</span> Comparision of Bioleaching of Metals from Spent Petroleum Catalyst Using Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans and Acidthiobacillus Thiooxidans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haragobinda%20Srichandan">Haragobinda Srichandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Pathak"> Ashish Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Jin%20Kim"> Dong Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seoung-Won%20Lee"> Seoung-Won Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation deals with bioleaching of spent petroleum catalyst using At. ferrooxidans and At. thiooxidans. The spent catalyst used in the present study was pretreated with acetone to remove the oily hydrocarbons. FESEM and XPS analysis indicated the presence of metals in sulfide and oxide forms in spent catalyst. Both At. ferrooxidans and At. thiooxidans were found to be highly effective in producing the acid. Bioleaching with At. ferrooxidans and At. thiooxidans led to higher recovery of metals compare to control. During bioleaching similar recoveries of metals were obtained using At. ferrooxidans and At. thiooxidans. This might be due to the presence of metals as soluble oxides and sulphides in the spent catalyst. At the end of bioleaching, about 87-90% Ni, 34% Al, 65-73% Mo and 92-97% V were leached using above bacteria. It is elucidated that bioleaching with At. thiooxidans is comparatively more advantageous due to lower cost of sulphur. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=At.%20ferrooxidans" title="At. ferrooxidans">At. ferrooxidans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioleaching" title=" bioleaching"> bioleaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20recovery" title=" metal recovery"> metal recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20catalyst" title=" spent catalyst"> spent catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1872/comparision-of-bioleaching-of-metals-from-spent-petroleum-catalyst-using-acidithiobacillus-ferrooxidans-and-acidthiobacillus-thiooxidans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1342</span> Optimization of Catalyst Parameters to Get Chlorine Free Bimetallic Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noreen%20Sajjad%20Ghulam%20Hussain">Noreen Sajjad Ghulam Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catalysts are prepared by simple physical mixing and thermal treatment of support and metal acetate precursors.The effect of metal ratio and metal loading to produce highly active catalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol are studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title="catalyst">catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetates" title=" acetates"> acetates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzyl%20alcohols" title=" benzyl alcohols "> benzyl alcohols </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1867/optimization-of-catalyst-parameters-to-get-chlorine-free-bimetallic-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1341</span> Removal of Chromium (VI) from Contaminated Synthetic Groundwater Using Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials Modified with Zinc and Potassium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20D.%20Ibikunle">P. D. Ibikunle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20O.%20Bala"> D. O. Bala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Olawolu"> A. P. Olawolu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Adebayo"> A. A. Adebayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chromium has been discovered as a significant contributor to water pollution that causes cancer. Modified carbon nanotubes' (CNTs) potential as an adsorbent hasn't been thoroughly investigated. The study aimed at investigating the potentials of various functionalized carbon nanomaterials for Cr (VI) removal from contaminated synthetic groundwater. Functionalized carbon nanomaterials with layered and tube-like structures were designed based on thermal (KOH-activated micrographite sheets) and impregnation methods by anchoring K and Zn on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), respectively for the removal of Cr (VI) from contaminated synthetic groundwater. Zinc acetate modified carbon nanotubes (Zn-CNTs) and potassium hydroxide modified carbon nanotubes (K-CNTs) exhibited greater adsorption capacity for the Cr (VI) adsorbate compared to KOH-activated graphite (AC-1 and AC-0). Maximum removal efficiency for both adsorbents occurred at pH 2. Omu Aran Hand dug wells can therefore be treated with K–CNTs, since the experimental outcomes showed that CNTs adsorbent could operate well in a range of the experimental scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chromium%20%28VI%29" title=" Chromium (VI)"> Chromium (VI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphitic%20carbon" title=" graphitic carbon"> graphitic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188568/removal-of-chromium-vi-from-contaminated-synthetic-groundwater-using-functionalized-carbon-nanomaterials-modified-with-zinc-and-potassium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20hydroxide%20catalyst&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20hydroxide%20catalyst&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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