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</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">← <a href="/wiki/Principat" title="Principat">Principat</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>Nemate dopuštenje da uređujete ovu stranicu iz sljedećeg razloga: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>Your IP address is in a range that has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis</a>.</b> <p>The block was made by <a href="/wiki/Korisnik:Jon_Kolbert" title="Korisnik:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>. 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Ako smatrate da ste greškom blokirani, dodatne informacije i uputstva možete pronaći na stranici o globalnoj smjernici "<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">Zabranjeni otvoreni proksiji</a>". </p> U suprotnom, <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">zahtjev za blokadu postavite na Meta-Wikiju</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Možete vidjeti i kopirati izvorni kod ove stranice. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="sh" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">=== Razvoj u provincijama === Za uspeh jednog carstva nije uvek toliko zaslužno ono što su njegovi vladari činili ili što su mogli činiti nego ono što nisu činili:u slučaju Rimskog carstva oni se nisu previše mešali. Carstvo je bilo veliki konglomerat naroda i rasa s različitim religijama, običajima i jezicima, a carevi su se zadovoljavali da im dopuste da žive sopstvenim životima. Naravno, ambiciozni ljudi koji su se nadali uspešnoj karijeri smatrali su korisnim, ako ne i neophodnim, da usvoje ponašanje Rimljana, a možda čak i njihov jezik (mada su i govornici [[Grčki jezik|grčkog]] često zauzimali visoke položaje). Ali je lokalna samouprava uglavnom svuda bila ustaljeno pravilo, pa ni latinski ni rimski običaji nisu nametani zajednicama koje su činile carstvo. To ilustruje zvanična religijska politika ― u skladu s apsolutističkim tendencijama, kult cara je postepeno, ali nezadrživo postajao više teokratski (Domicijan je imao titulu boga, a Komod ju je zahtevao), međutim to nije uzrokovalo potiskivanje nerimskih kultova. Izuzeci su bili kultovi koji su se smatrali nemoralnim (kao [[druidi]]zam, zbog ljudskih žrtava), kao i oni za koje se smatralo da mogu dovesti do javnih nereda (kao [[hrišćanstvo]], zbog nekompromisnog odbacivanja svih bogova osim sopstvenog). Broj državnih službenika u provincijama rastao je veoma sporo, pa je odgovornost bogatih lokalnih moćnika u provincijskim gradovima bila velika. Na primer, u delovima u južne Hispanije i u južnoj [[Crno more|crnomorskoj]] oblasti, gde se teritorija zavisna od gradova protezala nekoliko milja unaokolo, članovi gradskih senata nisu bili zaduženi samo za prikupljanje poreza, već i za izgradnju puteva i organizovanje policijske službe. I u svojim gradovima oni su morali da prikupljaju poreze; kao grupa, morali su da nadziru prihode s municipalnog zemljišta i prihode od iznajmljivanja zgrada i od poklona darežljivih građana; morali su da odobravaju planove za finansiranje gradnje nekog objekta u gradu ili za organizovanje godišnjih festivala ili sajmova itd. Magistrati i članovi gradskih senata obično su morali da izdašno plate da bi bili izabrani, a i posle su plaćali nove darežljive kontribucije, koliko je već bilo potrebno i koliko su to sebi mogli priuštiti, kako bi uveličali svoju zajednicu. Kandidata je bilo dovoljno, uglavnom iz sledeća tri razloga: pohvala od strane zajednice, koja je javno iskazivana; uvećanje ličnog uticaja (a samim tim i moći); i konačno, nada u dalje napredovanje u karijeri, ukoliko ih primeti upravnik provincije ili čak sam car. Novi su senatori poticali upravo iz ove provincijske elite. Gradovi su se, preko svojih elita, međusobno takmičili. I u pojedinim su gradovima postojala nadmetanja elitnih porodica. Kao posledica toga, rasli su standardi municipalnih »dobročinstava«, što je ohrabrivalo stanovništvo koje je, okupljeno u svečanim prilikama u [[Amfiteatar|amfiteatru]], zahtevalo od svojih vođa sve više izdataka. Carevi, koji su shvatili da dobrobit gradova zavisi od takvih »dobročinstava«, sve su više intervenisali kako bi obezbedili da bogataši u jednoj zajednici redovno snabdebaju svoje sugrađane poklonima. Povremeno su, na primer, donošeni zakoni koji su činili obavezujućima predizborna obećanja ili nekadašnje dobrovoljne kontribucije vezane za javnu službu. Kao posledica takve politike, u 2. veku prvi put se sreću lokalni aristokrati koji ne žele da obavljaju javne službe u svom gradu. Niz carskih naredbi da su takve osobe dužne da obavljaju javne funkcije protezaće se do daleko u budućnost i sadržavaće sve strožije odredbe. Glas nižih slojeva stanovništva u postojećim izvorima retko se čuje, osim u aklamaciji. Dok god su bogati dobrovoljno pokrivali najveći deo lokalnih troškova, siromašni nisu osećali pravo da zahtevaju učešće u gradskoj upravi. Siromašni su po običaju svakodnevne probleme rešavali apelacijom na nekog uticajnog čoveka u svojoj zajednici. Prema tome, savremenici su društvo opisivali jednostavno u terminima dva »staleža«, višeg i nižeg, bogatog i siromašnog, moćnog i zavisnog. Viši su se slojevi sastojali od oko 600 rimskih senatora, 25.000 vitezova i 100.000 gradskih senatora i činili su, dakle, 2 odsto ukupnog stanovništva. Ovaj je sloj, čiji su pripadnici od polovine 2. veka nazvani »uglednima« (''honestiores''), bio dalje podeljen na razne stepene dostojanstva. Čitav je, pak, stalež imao pravo na posebno pažljiv tretman na sudu. Ostali su stanovnici nazvani »poniznima« (''humiliores'') i mogli su biti mučeni kad je trebalo da svedoče na sudu; kažnjavani su batinama, a ne novčanim kaznama; za ozbiljnije su zločine bili pogubljivani (na veoma okrutne načine), a ne slati u progonstvo. Ovu surovu sliku raspodele bogatstva u gradovima donekle ublažava određeni stepen društvene pokretljivosti. Nijedna društvena grupa ne nudi toliko priča o uspehu kao grupa oslobođenika. Na samom dnu društvene lestvice nalazili su se mnogobrojni robovi, koji su činili možda jednu desetinu stanovništva, barem u većim gradovima van Italije, i mnogo veći procenat u Italiji, a u samom Rimu celu četvrtinu stanovništva. </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Vratite se na stranicu „<a href="/wiki/Principat" title="Principat">Principat</a>”.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principat">https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principat</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pravila o privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:O_projektu">O projektu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Op%C4%87e_odricanje_odgovornosti">Odricanje odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sh.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principat&action=edit&section=14&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilni prikaz</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-w5dxt","wgBackendResponseTime":212,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.015","walltime":"0.016","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":697,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-w5dxt","timestamp":"20241129133514","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>