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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Difficult beginnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difficult_beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bruce_Gyngell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bruce_Gyngell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bruce Gyngell</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bruce_Gyngell-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bruce Gyngell subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bruce_Gyngell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intra-industrial_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intra-industrial_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Intra-industrial dispute</span> </div> 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British national television broadcaster (1983–1992)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">TV-am</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TV-am_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/TV-am_logo.svg/150px-TV-am_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/TV-am_logo.svg/225px-TV-am_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/TV-am_logo.svg/300px-TV-am_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_television" title="Breakfast television">Breakfast television</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">United Kingdom</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Television_Centre" title="Breakfast Television Centre">Breakfast Television Centre</a>, London</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Launch date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 February 1983<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1983-02-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">31 December 1992<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1992-12-31</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">Affiliation(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official website</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv-am.org.uk/">Official website</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Replaced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GMTV" title="GMTV">GMTV</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>TV-am</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">TV company</a> that broadcast the <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> franchise for <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_television" title="Breakfast television">breakfast television</a> in the United Kingdom from 1 February 1983 until 31 December 1992. The station was the UK's first national operator of a commercial breakfast television franchise. Its daily broadcasts were between 6:00 am and 9:25 am. </p><p>Throughout its nine years and 10 months of broadcast, the station regularly had problems, resulting in numerous management changes, especially in its early years. It also suffered from major financial cutbacks hampering its operations. Though on a stable footing by 1986 and winning its ratings battle with the BBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Time_(British_TV_programme)" title="Breakfast Time (British TV programme)">Breakfast Time</a></i>, within a year turmoil had ensued when industrial action hit the company. </p><p>Despite these setbacks, by the 1990s, TV-am's flagship programme <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Britain_(1983_TV_programme)" title="Good Morning Britain (1983 TV programme)">Good Morning Britain</a></i> had become the most popular breakfast show on UK television.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Following a change in the law regarding television franchising, the company lost its licence and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/GMTV" title="GMTV">GMTV</a> in 1993. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foundation">Foundation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">Independent Broadcasting Authority</a> (IBA) announced on 24 January 1980 that in the next ITV franchising round it would offer a national licence for breakfast television. Eight applications were received and on 28 December that year, the IBA announced that it had awarded the breakfast franchise to TV-am.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the initial launch date was set for June 1983, to avoid clashing with the 1982 launch of <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>, the IBA allowed the station to bring forward its start date to 1 February 1983 in response to the launch of the BBC service <i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Time_(British_TV_programme)" title="Breakfast Time (British TV programme)">Breakfast Time</a></i> two weeks earlier. </p><p>This hurried start affected the company in two ways. Firstly, ITV had failed in its negotiations for royalties and rates for advertising on the new <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> and the breakfast service with the actors' <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a>. The union instructed its members to <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> the new station, which meant there was little or no revenue from advertising in the early days. </p><p>Secondly, it was believed that the BBC's breakfast service would be highbrow, focusing on news and analysis, so TV-am had developed its new service to match that. However, the BBC launched a lightweight, magazine-style programme that mimicked the style of United States breakfast television. With the launch of the BBC's <i>Breakfast Time</i> brought forward at short notice, this gave little time for TV-am to redevelop its plans. </p><p>TV-am was spearheaded by the so-called Famous Five who were not only lined up as presenters on the station, but were also shareholders: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> (1983–92), <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rippon" title="Angela Rippon">Angela Rippon</a> (1983), <a href="/wiki/Anna_Ford" title="Anna Ford">Anna Ford</a> (1983) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kee" title="Robert Kee">Robert Kee</a>. <a href="/wiki/Esther_Rantzen" title="Esther Rantzen">Esther Rantzen</a> had originally been one of the station's 'star' line-up of presenter/shareholders, but pulled out in 1981 after the birth of her third child; she and the company agreed that the early morning starts would present a problem in her raising her child.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had also been persuaded by the BBC to continue producing and presenting <i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Life!" title="That's Life!">That's Life!</a></i> and conceded she did not want to give up the show, or worse, see it continue with another anchor.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There had been many difficulties for the other presenters in the run-up to launch. When the franchise was announced in December 1980, Rippon's contract with the BBC was about to expire, and was not renewed as a result of her new employment. This left her seeking freelance work before TV-am went on air. Ford was dismissed by <a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a>, which had been part of another consortium bidding for the breakfast contract. ITN had presented Ford as their female programme presenter as part of their bid, unaware that she was planning to defect to TV-am. ITN heavily criticised her disloyalty and said that her dishonesty had made its bid seem "ridiculous" to the IBA.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ITN replaced Ford with <a href="/wiki/Selina_Scott" title="Selina Scott">Selina Scott</a>, who herself landed a double blow to ITN when she defected to the BBC to present <i>Breakfast Time</i> towards the end of 1982. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a> did remain with the BBC, who hoped to persuade him to stay as they had with Rantzen, but he finally left the corporation in 1982. A challenge for all the Famous Five came before the station launch when in an administration error, the contracts for the five presenters were sent to the wrong individuals, which led Rippon to discover she was being paid £60,000 per year, considerably less than Anna Ford who was being paid £145,000. The women also learnt that their male counterparts Frost and Parkinson were each being paid almost £250,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Leapman,_Michael_1984_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leapman,_Michael_1984-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TV-am's headquarters and studios were at <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Television_Centre" title="Breakfast Television Centre">Breakfast Television Centre</a>, Hawley Crescent, <a href="/wiki/Camden_Town" title="Camden Town">Camden Town</a>, London. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Farrell_(architect)" title="Terry Farrell (architect)">Terry Farrell</a> and converted from a former car showroom, Henlys Rover, the building included a number of large plastic egg cups along its roofline facing Regent's Canal; these egg cups also served as the programme's closing credits copyright year identifier, with all previous years also kept on-screen behind the current year. </p><p>TV-am had two television studios. Studio A, 3000 square feet, was home to the Good Morning Britain set. Studio B had a smaller version of the GMB set and was also used as the news studio.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Programmes originally ran from 6 am to 9:15 am, with <i><a href="/wiki/Daybreak_(1983_TV_series)" title="Daybreak (1983 TV series)">Daybreak</a></i>, then <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Britain_(1983_TV_programme)" title="Good Morning Britain (1983 TV programme)">Good Morning Britain</a></i> filling weekday mornings. This was followed by a 10-minute interval before the start of the regional ITV franchises at 9:25 am. This interval was needed because the process of the switching the broadcast signals from TV-am to each regional company was still manual and this gap gave <a href="/wiki/British_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecom">British Telecom</a> the required time to complete this task. Shortly after TV-am's launch, the process was converted to allow automatic switching, which was introduced gradually throughout the network, and from the end of May 1983 the IBA extended TV-am's hours to 9:25 am to allow for continuous programming. At this point, <i>Good Morning Britain</i> was reduced to a two-hour slot from 7 am to 9 am. The 9 am to 9:25 am section was relaunched as a female-orientated lifestyle magazine segment titled <i>After Nine</i>. Although TV-am was a separate broadcaster occupying the ITV network channel during the morning, from the late 1980s the ITV stations extended their hours to 6 am to provide 24-hour television, handing over to TV-am at 6 am. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difficult_beginnings">Difficult beginnings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Difficult beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the BBC's <i>Breakfast Time</i> was successful, TV-am's early ratings were disappointing. Its high-minded and somewhat starchy approach, summed up in the phrase "mission to explain" (coined by chief executive <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jay_(diplomat)" title="Peter Jay (diplomat)">Peter Jay</a>) sat uneasily at that time of day, compared to the accessible magazine style of <i>Breakfast Time</i>, which mixed heavy news and light-hearted features, famously moving cabinet ministers, after a serious interview, to help with a cookery demonstration. </p><p>The first day of broadcasting from TV-am included an hour of news in <i>Daybreak</i>, a short film and an interview with <a href="/wiki/Norman_Tebbit" title="Norman Tebbit">Norman Tebbit</a> about the current level of unemployment, a live comic strip called <i>The World of Melanie Parker</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Through the Keyhole</i>. Within two weeks of the launch; the ratings dropped sharply, within a month, the ratings fell again to just under 300,000.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gosling3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gosling3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's weekend slot, presented by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a>, initially became the only success for the station, largely because the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> did not broadcast on weekend mornings. The Saturday editions drew 1.5 million viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-gosling3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gosling3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of changes were made on 28 February: <i>Daybreak</i> was reduced by 30 minutes and presented by Gavin Scott, while <i>Good Morning Britain</i> was moved 30 minutes earlier to start at 6:30 am, with <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rippon" title="Angela Rippon">Angela Rippon</a> being moved from <i>Daybreak</i> to present alongside Anna Ford.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original <i>Good Morning Britain</i> team of Frost and Ford was intended to last 12 weeks, but in an attempt to reinvigorate the show, Frost voluntarily agreed to step down so that the female team of Ford and Rippon could spearhead the slot. After just one edition on air, Ford was struck with flu,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with her returning the following week on 7 March. During the first week of the revised format, the viewer figures increased by 200,000, with Frost and Parkinson stepping in to cover for her.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the second week of both Rippon and Ford, figures continued to remain at a peak of 500,000.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 March, new figures were published, highlighting that TV-am had once again lost 100,000 up to the week before; however, ratings were still higher overall, compared to the end of February's figures.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A boardroom coup ensued on 18 March, when Peter Jay stepped aside allowing <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Aitken" title="Jonathan Aitken">Jonathan Aitken</a>, a sitting <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> MP, to become chief executive of the station, after mounting pressure from investors who had demanded changes.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rippon" title="Angela Rippon">Angela Rippon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Ford" title="Anna Ford">Anna Ford</a> came out publicly to support Jay, calling the goings-on "treachery", unaware Jay had already left. Over the course of the next few days Aitken made it clear a number of changes were being looked at to improve the ratings including cutting the number of ad breaks, while also denying he wanted anyone to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-Aitken._Date_p3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aitken._Date_p3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many officials, like those at the IBA, opposition parties, and even Aitken's own governing party were not happy at his appointment, as it may have interfered with TV-am's political freedom, with many demanding he give up the role or stop being a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aitken._Date_p3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aitken._Date_p3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IBA finally approved Aitken a few days later, but made its intention clear: his tenure was for a limited period only, and they would keep an extra close eye on all the programmes during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 April<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Good Friday), puppet <a href="/wiki/Roland_Rat" title="Roland Rat">Roland Rat</a> made his first appearance; he was created by David Claridge and launched by TV-am Children's editor <a href="/wiki/Anne_Wood" title="Anne Wood">Anne Wood</a> to entertain younger viewers during the Easter holidays,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which boosted the station's audience. Roland Rat is generally regarded as its saviour, being described as "the only rat to join a sinking ship". During the summer, when <i>Breakfast Time</i> hosts Frank Bough and Selina Scott were off,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he helped take the audience from 100,000 to over a million and a half.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 April, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a> became director of programmes to help overhaul the station's output.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A day later sports presenter <a href="/wiki/Nick_Owen" title="Nick Owen">Nick Owen</a> become one of the main presenters working one week each with Ford and Rippon initially only for the month of April <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter was castigated by viewers and the media for her blatant hostility to Owen on air. When he made an error in a link, Rippon stated "You see, it's not as easy as you think."<sup id="cite_ref-Leapman,_Michael_1984_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leapman,_Michael_1984-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During April, the live comic strip <i>The World of Melanie Parker</i> was axed. </p><p>On 14 April, Aitken's cousin Timothy became chief executive of the station due to the IBA rules regarding MPs operating a television station.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in Rippon and Ford being sacked on 19 April, with no official reason given at that time;<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unofficially it was made clear both breached their contracts for their public support for Jay, while at some time by sacking both helped cut costs. Parkinson ended up in lengthy talks with Aitken over the issues and the sacking of his two former colleagues, which resulted in him becoming a director of the company and joining the board of management.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of these talks, further members of staff who clashed with Parkinson would be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ford encountered <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Aitken" title="Jonathan Aitken">Jonathan Aitken</a> at a party in Chelsea; in a parting shot over the terms of her dismissal, she threw her glass of wine in his face, saying of her action: "It was the only form of self-defence left to a woman when she has been so monstrously treated."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A couple of days later both Rippon and Ford started procedures to sue TV-am;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by October, the case was dropped after reaching an out of court settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lynda Berry was brought in as stop-gap measurement for six weeks, before <a href="/wiki/Anne_Diamond" title="Anne Diamond">Anne Diamond</a> joined from the BBC to become Owen's new co-presenter from 6 June. </p><p>On 23 May, TV-am's new look started.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Daybreak</i> was axed, with <i>Good Morning Britain</i> extended to start at 6:25 am. Commander David Philpott was moved to present the weather at the weekends only, with <a href="/wiki/Wincey_Willis" title="Wincey Willis">Wincey Willis</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the new weekday weather presenter,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a host of new features were introduced: </p> <ul><li><i>Today's The Day</i> with <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Beadle" title="Jeremy Beadle">Jeremy Beadle</a></li> <li>An exercise spot with <a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Webb" title="Lizzie Webb">Lizzie Webb</a></li> <li>Cooking with John Eley, <a href="/wiki/The_Cooking_Canon" title="The Cooking Canon">the Cooking Canon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rustie_Lee" title="Rustie Lee">Rustie Lee</a> would later take over)</li> <li>Fishing correspondent, "Codfather" George Vella</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Owen" title="Nick Owen">Nick Owen</a> with Lynda Berry (later succeeded by Diamond), reading out the newspaper bingo numbers.</li></ul> <p>By the end of its first week, TV-am's ratings had doubled to 200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Continuing low audiences brought further financial difficulties: the company was close to having its power supply disconnected; a <a href="/wiki/London_Electricity_Board" title="London Electricity Board">London Electricity</a> official arrived during a press conference with a warrant to cut off power for non-payment; and on numerous occasions, the presenters failed to receive their monthly wages, while the local newsagent stopped supplying the station with newspapers due to lack of payment. TV-am spent the summer on the road, using the outside broadcast truck from various seaside resorts around the UK, and was presented by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Tarrant" title="Chris Tarrant">Chris Tarrant</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a> went to Australia in early June 1983 for the summer, with Henry Kelly taking over his weekend duties.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> was given the Sunday slot from 28 August, initially for eight weeks<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the belief that Parkinson would return to his full duties in October. By November, Parkinson had returned; however, he was only given the Saturday slot after Frost had increased the number of viewers on Sundays.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parkinson finally left the station in early February 1984, while the company announced plans to cut over 40 jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September, TV-am finally joined the television contractors’ associations, which gave the addition benefit of providing cross-promotional content between the 15 regional ITV companies and TV-am.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The continuing increase in viewership had still not resulted in an increase in advertising revenue, and throughout October, speculation arose the company would collapse at any second. The situation was resolved in November when a new refinance package come into effect with new shareholders including Ladbrokes and the owners of the <i>Daily Express</i> which injected new capital worth over £4.5 million into the company.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bruce_Gyngell">Bruce Gyngell</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bruce Gyngell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Australian business tycoon <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Packer" title="Kerry Packer">Kerry Packer</a> took a substantial minority interest in the company in early 1984, and in early May appointed his own chief executive, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Gyngell" title="Bruce Gyngell">Bruce Gyngell</a>, who was brought in to help make the company financially viable.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greg_Dyke" title="Greg Dyke">Greg Dyke</a> left within a few weeks of the appointment to take a new position with <a href="/wiki/Television_South" title="Television South">TVS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten days later, general manager Michael Moor also left the station.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1984, Michael Hollingsworth became the new Programme Controller, having previously worked for the BBC's <i>Breakfast Time</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gyngell pursued the same lightweight, populist approach that Dyke had forged to establish the station's viability, a model parodied later in a <i>Guardian</i> newspaper headline as "Snap, Crackle and Pap". The station overhauled its children's Saturday morning programme with <i><a href="/wiki/Wide_Awake_Club_(TV-am)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide Awake Club (TV-am)">Wide Awake Club</a></i>, replacing <i>Data Run </i>and <i>SPLAT</i> as part of the cost-cutting by management.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cost-cutting was brought sharply into focus in the <a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a> on the Conservative cabinet in October 1984. The night before the terrorist attack, TV-am only had one crew covering the conference and that had been called back to London the previous night to cover <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Central_rail_crash" title="Wembley Central rail crash">a train crash in Wembley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the blast occurred in the early hours, the BBC and <a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Television News">ITN</a> provided immediate coverage. TV-am's response was limited to a caption of reporter <a href="/wiki/John_Stapleton_(English_journalist)" title="John Stapleton (English journalist)">John Stapleton</a> reporting over the phone,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the BBC were showing graphic coverage of the attack. <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a> agreements at the time meant that technical staff at the local ITV station <a href="/wiki/Television_South" title="Television South">TVS</a> could not provide cover for another commercial television company, and TV-am's previous conflicts with ITN meant that the latter would not share its footage. The whole affair earned the company a severe rebuke from the IBA, which told the company to invest and improve its news coverage or it would lose its licence. </p><p>In an echo of the changes which had occurred in newspapers, Gyngell was determined to make use of technical developments in television in order to reduce staff and save money. He believed that the ease of use of modern broadcasting equipment meant that staffing levels could be reduced: <a href="/wiki/Electronic_News_Gathering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic News Gathering">ENG</a> crews would no longer require a separate lighting technician (following a pattern familiar in Gyngell's native Australia), and technical personnel could be virtually eliminated. This brought him into conflict with the broadcasting trade unions, but gained him support from <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> and her government. During 1986, TV-am became the most popular breakfast television service in the UK, as the BBC's <i>Breakfast Time</i> lost viewers. In November of that year, the magazine-style <i>Breakfast Time</i> took on a more heavyweight approach; and in 1989 the BBC replaced <i>Breakfast Time</i> entirely with a more in-depth and analytical news format called <i>Breakfast News</i>, reminiscent of the original format used by TV-am. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Storm of 1987">hurricane-force storms</a> that hit England in October 1987, electrical power to the studios was lost and an emergency programme had to be transmitted from facilities at <a href="/wiki/Thames_Television" title="Thames Television">Thames Television</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Euston_Road" title="Euston Road">Euston Road</a> centre, using reports from the crews of TV-am and those of <a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Television News">ITN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_South_West" title="Television South West">TSW</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_South" title="Television South">TVS</a>. All this notwithstanding, the programme continued to thrive. Eventually, Gyngell fired all of the locked-out technicians, replacing them with non-unionised labour from around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intra-industrial_dispute">Intra-industrial dispute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Intra-industrial dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 23 November 1987, technicians at the station went on a 24-hour strike.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Management <a href="/wiki/Lockout_(industry)" title="Lockout (industry)">locked out</a> the strikers, but stayed on air using non-technical staff to broadcast a skeleton service including, among other things, episodes of American series including <i><a href="/wiki/Flipper_(1964_TV_series)" title="Flipper (1964 TV series)">Flipper</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Days" title="Happy Days">Happy Days</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gyngell himself took to directing the show personally, and various secretaries (including Gyngell's own) manned cameras, when a reduced normal service resumed on 7 December.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although shambolic at times, this schedule turned out on occasions to be more popular than former programming, although not what would have been allowed to be broadcast under normal circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further discussions continued with the unions;<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, on 16 February 1988, all the technicians were made redundant,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many of the technicians being informed by an announcement made on <i>News at Ten</i>. </p><p>In the years that followed, the station gradually found its feet again. By the early 1990s, operating with a significantly reduced staff, it was the world's most profitable TV station in terms of turnover. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_change_and_demise">Law change and demise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Law change and demise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_1990" title="Broadcasting Act 1990">changes in broadcasting law</a> meant that commercial television franchises were no longer allocated on merit or potential, but rather through a blind auction. Following these changes, the Independent Broadcasting Authority was replaced by a light touch regulator, the Independent Television Commission (ITC). TV-am was required to re-apply for its licence in May 1991. The ITV franchise results were announced on 16 October and the bid for £14.3m that TV-am had made was beaten by another consortium, <a href="/wiki/GMTV" title="GMTV">Sunrise Television</a> (renamed GMTV when it launched) which offered £36.4m. Ironically, in the years following its launch, GMTV approached the ITC to retrospectively obtain a reduction in this fee,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taking it to a level below what TV-am had originally bid.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By February 1992 the first on-screen effects of the licence loss became obvious, with TV-am closing its in-house news service and contracting it out to <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> for a one-off payment. Children's programming also suffered, with fewer appearances of <a href="/wiki/Timmy_Mallett" title="Timmy Mallett">Timmy Mallett</a>, though <i>Wacaday</i> would continue during major school holidays until TV-am's close. Another impact was the abrupt cancellation after just six weeks of the <a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(presenter)" title="Chris Evans (presenter)">Chris Evans</a>-hosted Saturday morning strand <i>TV-Mayhem</i>, which had initially been commissioned for a 40-week run, and its replacement with presented-out-of-vision back-to-back cartoons strand <i>Cartoon World</i> on Saturdays from 8 am (extended to 7:30 am later in the year).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, whose government had introduced the change to the allocation of commercial television franchises (but who had by then been replaced as prime minister by <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>), famously wrote to <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Gyngell" title="Bruce Gyngell">Bruce Gyngell</a>, apologising for being partly responsible for TV-am losing its licence. Her letter read, in part: "I am ... heartbroken. I am only too painfully aware that I was responsible for the legislation."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter was private but Gyngell made it public, which drew criticism from friends of the former prime minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure">Closure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The station's final broadcast ended on 31 December 1992 at 9:21 am. Credits over a black-and-white still of the station's cast and crew in the studio showed snapshot of their portraits as the screen faded ending with the caption: TV-am: 1 February 1983 – 31 December 1992. </p><p>This was then followed by the last commercial break after which there was no final appearance by the famous eggcups; they had been seen for the last time the day before.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the final promotion was for <a href="/wiki/GMTV" title="GMTV">GMTV</a> which began broadcasting at 6am the following day. </p><p>While TV-am was an independent station and had used an expensive, purpose-owned custom-built studio complex at Camden Lock, GMTV used studio space at <a href="/wiki/The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a> owned by one of GMTV's shareholders, <a href="/wiki/London_Weekend_Television" title="London Weekend Television">LWT</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_studios">The studios</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The studios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Television_Centre" title="Breakfast Television Centre">Breakfast Television Centre</a> in Camden Town was sold to <a href="/wiki/MTV_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Networks">MTV Networks</a> in 1993, with the famous eggcups still standing on the roof of the building beside the <a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Canal" title="Regent's Canal">Regent's Canal</a>. As well as being used by MTV for the production of its programmes, MTV Studios, as they were known, were available for commercial hire within the TV industry. The TV-am lettering built into the fascia of the building was obscured – by being covered with discs – but were still partially visible until they were completely removed during further renovations in spring 2012. </p><p>In 1999, a fire broke out in a video suite, causing extensive damage to the first floor and roof of the building. Production studios and offices were undamaged, as were the eggcups.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viacom_Media_Networks_Studios_rear.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Viacom_Media_Networks_Studios_rear.jpeg/220px-Viacom_Media_Networks_Studios_rear.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Viacom_Media_Networks_Studios_rear.jpeg/330px-Viacom_Media_Networks_Studios_rear.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Viacom_Media_Networks_Studios_rear.jpeg/440px-Viacom_Media_Networks_Studios_rear.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The rear of the studios after renovation in 2014. The "eggcups" are clearly visible.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2011, MTV Networks applied for permission to make changes to the building, primarily to remove some of the studios – which were in decreasing demand following changes in MTV's scheduling and commissioning practices – and replace these with modern office space.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rear of the building, facing Regent's Canal, was repainted grey rather than blue, but the structure – and the iconic eggcups – remained in place. The front of the building was more extensively redeveloped during 2012–13: the studio block, which had been the site of the original TV-am studios, was demolished and replaced with a new glazed-fronted office complex. The front 'courtyard' between the prior studio and office sections was renovated and reorganised, including the installation of a <a href="/wiki/Green_wall" title="Green wall">green wall</a>. The office suite on the other side of the courtyard remained in place but was renovated, including the removal of the obscured-since-1993 'TVAM' lettering from the building fascia.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MTV Networks continued to operate from the building during the rebuilding and renovation works, and following the construction of the expanded office space, it was able to move <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy Central UK">Comedy Central UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon UK">Nickelodeon UK</a> from their prior central London office complexes to Hawley Crescent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brand_and_programming">Brand and programming</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Brand and programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1993, TV-am plc became Crockfords plc, since 1995 known as Capital Corporation Ltd, a gambling company which is currently non-trading. </p><p>The TV-am name and logo, and 15 registered trade marks, are now owned by <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_White_(BBC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian White (BBC)">Ian White</a>. </p><p>The archive of TV-am programmes made between 1983 and 1992 was taken over by Moving Image Communications Ltd, which recruited <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP Archive</a> as exclusive licensor of the TV-am footage library.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_Archive_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP_Archive-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AP Archive claims to have over 10,000 hours of available TV-am material.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_Archive_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP_Archive-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presenters">Presenters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Presenters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/TV-am" title="Special:EditPage/TV-am">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Arthur" title="Toni Arthur">Toni Arthur</a>, 1983–1984, weekend <i>Good Morning Britain</i> presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Aziz" title="Lisa Aziz">Lisa Aziz</a>, 1989–1992, newsreader, later joined <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeni_Barnett" title="Jeni Barnett">Jeni Barnett</a>, host of <i>Pick Of The Week</i>, <i>Postbag</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Brown_(journalist)" title="Adrian Brown (journalist)">Adrian Brown</a>, reporter, newsreader, presenter of <i>Good Morning Britain</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyles_Brandreth" title="Gyles Brandreth">Gyles Brandreth</a>, host of <i>Postbag</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tania_Bryer" title="Tania Bryer">Tania Bryer</a>, 1992, weather presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Burley" title="Kay Burley">Kay Burley</a>, 1985–1988, reporter, newsreader, presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Diamond" title="Anne Diamond">Anne Diamond</a>, 1983–90, presenter of <i>Good Morning Britain</i> and <i>Anne Diamond on Sunday</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moya_Doherty" title="Moya Doherty">Moya Doherty</a>, reporter, presenter of <i>After Nine</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Dors" title="Diana Dors">Diana Dors</a>, 1983–1984, diet and later agony aunt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Even" title="Maya Even">Maya Even</a> 1989–1992, began her television career at TV-am in 1987, first as a researcher in the political unit and then as a producer and reporter from 1989.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a>, <i>Good Morning Britain</i> (1983–84), <i>The Sunday Programme</i> (1985–86), <i>Frost on Sunday</i> (1986–92).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gambaccini" title="Paul Gambaccini">Paul Gambaccini</a>, 1983–1992, film critic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Greaves" title="Jimmy Greaves">Jimmy Greaves</a>, TV reviewer, presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hastings,_Baron_Hastings_of_Scarisbrick" title="Michael Hastings, Baron Hastings of Scarisbrick">Michael Hastings</a>, 1988–1992, <i>Good Morning Britain</i> presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Honeycombe" title="Gordon Honeycombe">Gordon Honeycombe</a>, 1984–1989, newsreader.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Irving" title="Jayne Irving">Jayne Irving</a>, 1983–1989, newsreader, presenter of <i>Good Morning Britain</i> and <i>After Nine</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Jonsson" title="Ulrika Jonsson">Ulrika Jonsson</a>, weather presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jameson" title="Derek Jameson">Derek Jameson</a>, newspaper reviewer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Jones_(doctor)" title="Hilary Jones (doctor)">Hillary Jones</a>, resident doctor, host of <i>After Nine</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Keys" title="Richard Keys">Richard Keys</a>, 1983–1990, presenter of <i>Good Morning Britain</i>, <i>The Morning Programme</i>, sport presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kee" title="Robert Kee">Robert Kee</a>, early presenter, <i>Daybreak</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kelly" title="Henry Kelly">Henry Kelly</a>, 1983–1987, weekend <i>Good Morning Britain</i> presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Kelly" title="Lorraine Kelly">Lorraine Kelly</a>, October 1984 – 1992, reporter, presenter of <i>Good Morning Britain</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustie_Lee" title="Rustie Lee">Rustie Lee</a>, consistently appeared on the show in the cooking segment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Morris_(TV_presenter)" title="Mike Morris (TV presenter)">Mike Morris</a>, 1983–1992, Sport presenter, presenter of <i>Good Morning Britain</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Owen" title="Nick Owen">Nick Owen</a>, 1983–1986, Sport presenter, presented <i>Good Morning Britain</i> alongside Anne Diamond.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parkinson" title="Michael Parkinson">Michael Parkinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Parkinson" title="Mary Parkinson">Mary Parkinson</a>, 1983, weekend programmes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Pollard" title="Eve Pollard">Eve Pollard</a>, showbusiness reporter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rippon" title="Angela Rippon">Angela Rippon</a>, 1983, presenter of <i>Daybreak</i> and <i>Good Morning Britain</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneka_Rice" title="Anneka Rice">Anneka Rice</a>, 1985–1987, guest presenter, <i>Good Morning Britain</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Righton" title="Caroline Righton">Caroline Righton</a>, April–October 1987, presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stapleton_(English_journalist)" title="John Stapleton (English journalist)">John Stapleton</a>, 1983–1985, reporter and presenter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Tayler" title="Kathy Tayler">Kathy Tayler</a>, 1989–1992, presenter of <i>Good Morning Britain</i> and <i>After Nine</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Tarrant" title="Chris Tarrant">Chris Tarrant</a>, roving reporter and host.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Thomson_(actor)" title="Gordon Thomson (actor)">Gordon Thomson</a>, guest presenter, celebrity reporter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Webb" title="Lizzie Webb">Lizzie Webb</a>, aka 'Mad Lizzie', fitness guru.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Faulds_Wood" title="Lynn Faulds Wood">Lynn Faulds Wood</a>, consumer affairs 1983–1984</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_programmes"><span id="Children.27s_programmes"></span>Children's programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Children's programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Boyd" title="Tommy Boyd">Tommy Boyd</a> – <i>Wide Awake Club</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_King-Smith" title="Dick King-Smith">Dick King-Smith</a>, presenter, <i><a href="/wiki/Rub-a-Dub-Tub" title="Rub-a-Dub-Tub">Rub-a-Dub-Tub</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timmy_Mallett" title="Timmy Mallett">Timmy Mallett</a> – <i>Summer Run</i>, <i>Wide Awake Club</i>, <i>Hey, Hey It's Saturday</i> and <i>Wacaday</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaela_Strachan" title="Michaela Strachan">Michaela Strachan</a> – <i>Wide Awake Club</i>, <i>Hey, Hey It's Saturday</i> and <i>Wacaday</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Children's_programmes_2"><span id="Children.27s_programmes_2"></span>Children's programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Children's programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_made_by_TVAM">Series made by TVAM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Series made by TVAM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Are You Awake Yet?</i> (1982–1986)</li> <li><i>Cartoon World</i> (November 1991 – December 1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dappledown_Farm" title="Dappledown Farm">Dappledown Farm</a></i></li> <li><i>Data Run/Summer run</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_It%27s_Saturday!_(British_TV_programme)" title="Hey, Hey, It's Saturday! (British TV programme)">Hey, Hey It's Saturday</a></i> (1989–1991)</li> <li><i>Jungle Fun</i> (1991–1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roland_Rat" title="Roland Rat">Roland Rat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rub-a-Dub-Tub" title="Rub-a-Dub-Tub">Rub-a-Dub-Tub</a></i> (1983–1984)</li> <li><i>SPLAT</i> (1984)</li> <li><i>Top Banana</i> (1991–1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TV_Mayhem" title="TV Mayhem">TV Mayhem</a></i> (1991, was axed after six weeks)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wacaday" title="Wacaday">Wacaday</a></i> (1985–1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wide_Awake_Club" title="Wide Awake Club">Wide Awake Club</a></i> (1984–1989)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquired_programming">Acquired programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Acquired programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Transformers_(TV_series)" title="The Transformers (TV series)">The Transformers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenge_of_the_GoBots" title="Challenge of the GoBots">Challenge of the GoBots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Get_Along_Gang#TV_series" title="The Get Along Gang">The Get Along Gang</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_TV-am" title="Timeline of TV-am">Timeline of TV-am</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/World_in_Action" title="World in Action">World in Action</a></i>: "After The Break". ITV 1988.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Storm in an Eggcup</i>, BBC 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Battle for Britain's Breakfast</i>, BBC 2014 <sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Morning Glory: A History of British Breakfast Television</i> (book), by Ian Jones</li> <li><i>Treachery?: Power Struggle at T. V.-A. M.</i> (book), by Michael Leapman<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Southern and Westward TV loose franchises and others to be restructured. By Kenneth Gosling. The Times, Monday, 29 December 1980; pg. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGosling1981" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (5 September 1981). "Breakfast TV to lose Esther Rantzen". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Breakfast+TV+to+lose+Esther+Rantzen&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1981-09-05&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Esther: The Autobiography. Rantzen, Esther. 2001 BBC Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0563537410" title="Special:BookSources/978-0563537410">978-0563537410</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leapman, Michael. Treachery: The Power Struggle at TV-am. Unwin Hyman 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-04-791041-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-04-791041-8">978-0-04-791041-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leapman,_Michael_1984-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leapman,_Michael_1984_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leapman,_Michael_1984_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leapman, Michael. Treachery? The Power Struggle at TV-AM. Allen & Unwin; First Edition (5 April 1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0047910418" title="Special:BookSources/978-0047910418">978-0047910418</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv-am.org.uk/tv-am-studios">"Studios"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Studios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv-am.org.uk%2Ftv-am-studios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413155246/http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2011/07/melanie-parker">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The World of Melanie Parker" found again"</a>. TV-am. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2011/07/melanie-parker">the original</a> on 13 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+World+of+Melanie+Parker%22+found+again&rft.pub=TV-am&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv-am.org.uk%2Fblog%2F2011%2F07%2Fmelanie-parker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (1 March 1983). "TV-am's new look fails to impress advertisers". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=TV-am%27s+new+look+fails+to+impress+advertisers&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1983-03-01&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gosling3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gosling3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gosling3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (8 March 1983). "TV-am viewers fall by another 200,000". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=TV-am+viewers+fall+by+another+200%2C000&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1983-03-08&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (25 February 1983). "TV-am to start the main show earlier". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=TV-am+to+start+the+main+show+earlier&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1983-02-25&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Published: Wednesday 2 March 1983 Newspaper: Daily Mirror County: London, England Page: 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perk-up by Parky Published: Monday 14 March 1983 Newspaper: Daily Mirror County: London, England Page: 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Audience for TV-am rises to 500,000 Author: Kenneth Gosling P2 Tuesday 22 March 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Glasgow Herald: 26 March 1983 ITV Still losing at Breakfast P3 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rMFAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7qUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3571%2C521185">https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rMFAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7qUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3571%2C521185</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Move to oust Jay at ailing TV-am. The Times (London, England), Friday, 18 March 1983; pg. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jay ousted as backers move to save TV-amBarker, Dennis;Simpson, DavidThe Guardian (1959–2003); 19 March 1983; P1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TV-am shake-up expected after Peter Jay quits. The Times (London, England), Saturday, 19 March 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aitken._Date_p3-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aitken._Date_p3_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aitken._Date_p3_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Big changes in TV-am pledged by Aitken. Date: Monday 21 March 1983 p3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Glasgow Herald 19 March 1983 P1 Famous Five Revolt quelled at TVAM <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=psFAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7qUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6437%2C3683428">https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=psFAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7qUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6437%2C3683428</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daily Mirror: Monday 21 March 1983: P2 Frost Awaits TVAM Cruch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Television Today: Aitken to move over 'in three months' Published: Thursday 24 March 1983 Newspaper: The Stage P13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: Top changes at TV-am approved P2 Thursday 24 March 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TV-am hunt for top man a priority Author: David Hewson P3 Date: Friday 25 March 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190915194652/http://www.ratfans.com/roland.htm">"Roland Rat Superstar"</a>. Ratfans.com. 1 April 1983. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratfans.com/roland.htm">the original</a> on 15 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roland+Rat+Superstar&rft.pub=Ratfans.com&rft.date=1983-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratfans.com%2Froland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017192125/http://www.tv-am.org.uk/roland-rat">"Roland Rat"</a>. TV-am. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/roland-rat">the original</a> on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roland+Rat&rft.pub=TV-am&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv-am.org.uk%2Froland-rat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thechildrensmediafoundation.org/support/patrons-2/anne-wood-c-b-e">"Anne Wood C.B.E. – The Children's Media Foundation"</a>. Thechildrensmediafoundation.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anne+Wood+C.B.E.+%E2%80%93+The+Children%27s+Media+Foundation&rft.pub=Thechildrensmediafoundation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechildrensmediafoundation.org%2Fsupport%2Fpatrons-2%2Fanne-wood-c-b-e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times Big time beckons Roland Rat Author: David Hewson Date: Thursday 24 Aug 1983 P3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Dowling2014" class="citation news cs1">Tim Dowling (9 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2014/apr/09/the-battle-for-britains-breakfast-the-call-centre-tv-review">"The Battle for Britain's Breakfast; The Call Centre – TV review | Television & radio"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Britain%27s+Breakfast%3B+The+Call+Centre+%E2%80%93+TV+review+%26%23124%3B+Television+%26+radio&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft.au=Tim+Dowling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2014%2Fapr%2F09%2Fthe-battle-for-britains-breakfast-the-call-centre-tv-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"TV-am's Roland Rat gnaws at the BBC". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. 23 August 1983. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=TV-am%27s+Roland+Rat+gnaws+at+the+BBC&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1983-08-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The times: A Rat To The Rescue Date: Tuesday, 23 Aug. 1983 P9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewson1983" class="citation news cs1">Hewson, David (5 April 1983). "Camden Lock soap opera gets new leading man". <i>The Times</i>. London, England.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Camden+Lock+soap+opera+gets+new+leading+man&rft.date=1983-04-05&rft.aulast=Hewson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"After Jay, a mission to entertain". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. 5 April 1983. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=After+Jay%2C+a+mission+to+entertain&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1983-04-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker1983" class="citation news cs1">Barker, Dennis (5 April 1983). "TV-am fades out Frost in bid to be ordinary". <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=TV-am+fades+out+Frost+in+bid+to+be+ordinary&rft.date=1983-04-05&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Frost 'will stay' with TV-am". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. 4 April 1983. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Frost+%27will+stay%27+with+TV-am&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1983-04-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TV-am's new face welcomed Author: Kenneth Gosling Date: Wednesday 6 April 1983 P3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j8tAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=l6YMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3200%2C765800">https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j8tAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=l6YMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3200%2C765800</a> Tuesday 5 April 1983 P3 The Glasgow Evening times</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (13 April 1983). "Cousin of Aitken is TV-am chief". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Cousin+of+Aitken+is+TV-am+chief&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1983-04-13&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkerWainwright1983" class="citation news cs1">Barker, Dennis; Wainwright, Martin (20 April 1983). "TV-am sacks Ford and Rippon". <i>The Guardian (1959–2003)</i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+%281959%E2%80%932003%29&rft.atitle=TV-am+sacks+Ford+and+Rippon&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1983-04-20&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.au=Wainwright%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The times: Ford and Rippon swept out by new broom, Author: John Witherow Wednesday 20 April 1983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitherow1983" class="citation news cs1">Witherow, John (21 April 1983). "Parkinson says 'I stay' after TV-am confrontation". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Parkinson+says+%27I+stay%27+after+TV-am+confrontation&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1983-04-21&rft.aulast=Witherow&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (30 April 1983). "Parkinson gets key role in TV-am's future with place on board". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Parkinson+gets+key+role+in+TV-am%27s+future+with+place+on+board&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1983-04-30&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times TV-am threat to cut staff Date: Friday 22 April 1983 P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Henley2010" class="citation news cs1">Jon Henley (20 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/feb/20/anna-ford-martin-amis-letter">"Anna Ford to Martin Amis: stop your immature whingeing | Books"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anna+Ford+to+Martin+Amis%3A+stop+your+immature+whingeing+%26%23124%3B+Books&rft.date=2010-02-20&rft.au=Jon+Henley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2010%2Ffeb%2F20%2Fanna-ford-martin-amis-letter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"A parting shot from Anna Ford". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. 16 June 1983. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=A+parting+shot+from+Anna+Ford&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1983-06-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (17 June 1983). "Ford and Rippon to sue over dismissal". <i>The Times</i>. London, England. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Ford+and+Rippon+to+sue+over+dismissal&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1983-06-17&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19830617&id=gcJAAAAAIBAJ&pg=3274,3626815">"Anna Ford to sue TV chief for libel"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i>. Glasgow. 17 June 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Anna+Ford+to+sue+TV+chief+for+libel&rft.date=1983-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2507%26dat%3D19830617%26id%3DgcJAAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3274%2C3626815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEzard1983" class="citation news cs1">Ezard, John (21 October 1983). "TV-am would welcome back Anna Ford". <i>The Guardian (1959–2003)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian+%281959%E2%80%932003%29&rft.atitle=TV-am+would+welcome+back+Anna+Ford&rft.date=1983-10-21&rft.aulast=Ezard&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TV-am ready with its new lookBarker, DennisThe Guardian (1959–2003); 21 May 1983;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0932495/bio">"Wincey Willis"</a>. <i>IMDb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Wincey+Willis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0932495%2Fbio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/herefordandworcester/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8927000/8927465.stm">"New radio show for Wincey Willis"</a>. 20 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2018</span> – via news.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+radio+show+for+Wincey+Willis&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fherefordandworcester%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Fnewsid_8927000%2F8927465.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (7 June 1983). "TV-am's 'new look' attracts viewers". <i>The Times</i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=TV-am%27s+%27new+look%27+attracts+viewers&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1983-06-07&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: Friday 27 May 1983. TV-AM picks Henry Kelly. P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Belfast Telegraph. Saturday 11 June 1983. P12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times. Saturday 6 Aug 1983. Million TV-am viewers P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Stage: Thursday 18 August 1983 Looks for new capital, switches presenters. P20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daily Mirror: Saturday 12 November 1983. Frosty come-back? P15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daily Mirror: Thursday 19 January 1984 – Husband Perky quits TV-am. P3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Stage: Thursday 2 February 1984. TV-am now considers staff cuts P17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: Thursday 9 Feb 1984. TV-am's future hangs on acceptance of job cuts by David Hewson P9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: TV-am joins the establishment Author: By a Staff Reporter Date: Wednesday 24 Aug 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fleet saves TV-am in Â£4.5m package Author: David Hewson Date: Tuesday 1 Nov 1983 P1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: Thursday 9 Feb 1984 Station's Three turbulent years. P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: Board changes as TV-am catches up: By Our Arts Correspondent Date: Thursday 3 May 1984. P3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The times: Breakfast's no trivial pursuit at TV-am – by Bruce Gyngell and Torin Douglas Date: Thursday, 31 Jan. 1985 P8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Stage: Television Today: Bruce Gyngell for TV-am. Thursday 3 May 1984. P17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TV-am chief to go in cuts dispute. By David Hewson, Arts Correspondent. The Times (London, England), Monday, 21 May 1984; pg. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewson1984" class="citation news cs1">Hewson, David (2 June 1984). "Manager quits TV-am after four weeks". <i>The Times</i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Manager+quits+TV-am+after+four+weeks&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1984-06-02&rft.aulast=Hewson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TV-am post P2, The Times Date: Wednesday, July 25, 1984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101104033257/http://www.ragdoll.co.uk/html/story.html#3">"Ragdoll Story"</a>. Ragdoll.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ragdoll.co.uk/html/story.html#3">the original</a> on 4 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ragdoll+Story&rft.pub=Ragdoll.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ragdoll.co.uk%2Fhtml%2Fstory.html%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonnerAston2002" class="citation book cs1">Bonner, P.; Aston, L. (13 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bqqGDAAAQBAJ&q=TVAM+brighton+bombing&pg=PA354"><i>Independent Television in Britain: Volume 6 New Developments in Independent Television 1981–92: Channel 4, TV-am, Cable and Satellite</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230287136" title="Special:BookSources/9780230287136"><bdi>9780230287136</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Independent+Television+in+Britain%3A+Volume+6+New+Developments+in+Independent+Television+1981%E2%80%9392%3A+Channel+4%2C+TV-am%2C+Cable+and+Satellite&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2002-12-13&rft.isbn=9780230287136&rft.aulast=Bonner&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Aston%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbqqGDAAAQBAJ%26q%3DTVAM%2Bbrighton%2Bbombing%26pg%3DPA354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hub.tv-ark.org.uk/images/itvbreakfast/tvam_images/gallery/tvam_images_t967b.jpg">"John Stapleton Reporting From Brighton – Image"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(JPG)</span>. Hub.tv-ark.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Stapleton+Reporting+From+Brighton+%E2%80%93+Image&rft.pub=Hub.tv-ark.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhub.tv-ark.org.uk%2Fimages%2Fitvbreakfast%2Ftvam_images%2Fgallery%2Ftvam_images_t967b.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TV-am union leader defiant. The Times (London, England), Friday, 27 November 1987; pg. 2; Issue 62937.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021211183533/http://www.the-234.com/interest.htm">"The 234"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-234.com/interest.htm">the original</a> on 11 December 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+234&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-234.com%2Finterest.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: Union rejects terms as ITV disputes escalate By Roland Rudd Date: Wednesday 25 Nov 1987 P5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: TV-am 'trying to smash union power' by John Spicer Date: Tuesday 1 Dec 1987. P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times. TV-am to broadcast limited news show. By John Spicer Date: Monday 7 Dec 1987. P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The times: Batman brings TV-am 100,000 more viewers. Date: Saturday, 5 Dec. 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: TV-am chief goes to Acas with 10-point peace plan. by Richard Evans. Date: Tuesday 15 Dec 1987. P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: TV-am remains confident. By John Spicer Date: Saturday 2 Jan 1988. P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Times: Striking TV technicians get £10,000 pay cut ultimatum, By Tim Jones. Date: Monday 11 Jan 1988 P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The times: Dismissal for 229 strikers at TV-am, by Richard Evans. Date: Wednesday 17 Feb 1988. P1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daily Record: TVAM Strike Published: Wednesday 17 February 1988. P2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daily mirror: TVAM Strike: Thursday 18 February 1988. P6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggie_Brown1992" class="citation news cs1">Maggie Brown (31 December 1992). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/anxious-breakfast-times-ahead-for-tvams-successor-1566077.html">"Anxious breakfast times ahead for TV-am's successor – UK – News"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/anxious-breakfast-times-ahead-for-tvams-successor-1566077.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Anxious+breakfast+times+ahead+for+TV-am%27s+successor+%E2%80%93+UK+%E2%80%93+News&rft.date=1992-12-31&rft.au=Maggie+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fanxious-breakfast-times-ahead-for-tvams-successor-1566077.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndy_Fry1999" class="citation web cs1">Andy Fry (1 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kidscreen.com/articles/magazine/19990101/24064.html">"GMTV gets budget boost by rebate"</a>. Kidscreen.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GMTV+gets+budget+boost+by+rebate&rft.pub=Kidscreen.com&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.au=Andy+Fry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kidscreen.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2F19990101%2F24064.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morning Glory – The History Of British Breakfast Television'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobins2000" class="citation news cs1">Robins, Jane (9 September 2000). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/bruce-gyngell-pinkthinking-tv-pioneer-dies-aged-71-699155.html">"Bruce Gyngell, pink-thinking TV pioneer, dies aged 71"</a></span>. London: Independent.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/bruce-gyngell-pinkthinking-tv-pioneer-dies-aged-71-699155.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bruce+Gyngell%2C+pink-thinking+TV+pioneer%2C+dies+aged+71&rft.date=2000-09-09&rft.aulast=Robins&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Fbruce-gyngell-pinkthinking-tv-pioneer-dies-aged-71-699155.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaggie_Brown1993" class="citation news cs1">Maggie Brown (2 January 1993). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/sense-of-injustice-remains-as-tvam-signs-off-maggie-brown-was-the-only-outside-journalist-allowed-in-for-the-last-show-1476017.html">"Sense of injustice remains as TV-am signs off: Maggie Brown was the only outside journalist allowed in for the last show – UK – News"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/sense-of-injustice-remains-as-tvam-signs-off-maggie-brown-was-the-only-outside-journalist-allowed-in-for-the-last-show-1476017.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Sense+of+injustice+remains+as+TV-am+signs+off%3A+Maggie+Brown+was+the+only+outside+journalist+allowed+in+for+the+last+show+%E2%80%93+UK+%E2%80%93+News&rft.date=1993-01-02&rft.au=Maggie+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fsense-of-injustice-remains-as-tvam-signs-off-maggie-brown-was-the-only-outside-journalist-allowed-in-for-the-last-show-1476017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/319882.stm">"Fire hits MTV studios"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 15 April 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Fire+hits+MTV+studios&rft.date=1999-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F319882.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2011/10/tv-amstudioplans">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112031817/http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2011/10/tv-amstudioplans">Archived</a> 12 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2012/01/demolitionpics">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031082245/http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2012/01/demolitionpics">Archived</a> 31 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2012/01/demolition">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112031823/http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2012/01/demolition">Archived</a> 12 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2013/02/latest-photos-from-tv-am-building">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103081843/http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2013/02/latest-photos-from-tv-am-building">Archived</a> 3 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2013/08/tv-am-building-2013">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017192138/http://www.tv-am.org.uk/blog/2013/08/tv-am-building-2013">Archived</a> 17 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP_Archive-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP_Archive_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_Archive_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aparchive.com/partner/TV-am">"TV-am"</a>. AP Archive. 31 December 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV-am&rft.pub=AP+Archive&rft.date=1983-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aparchive.com%2Fpartner%2FTV-am&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1992-08-31">"BBC Two England – 31 August 1992 – BBC Genome"</a>. <i>bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+Two+England+%E2%80%93+31+August+1992+%E2%80%93+BBC+Genome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fschedules%2Fbbctwo%2Fengland%2F1992-08-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224235226/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7bfc85d4">"Storm in an Egg Cup The History of Tv-am (1992)"</a>. <i>bfi.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7bfc85d4">the original</a> on 24 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfi.org.uk&rft.atitle=Storm+in+an+Egg+Cup+The+History+of+Tv-am+%281992%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b7bfc85d4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/the-battle-for-britain-s-breakfast-bbc2-review-how-the-bbc-was-surprise-winner-of-the-big-breakfast-9247148.html">"The Battle for Britain's Breakfast, TV review: How the BBC won the"</a></span>. <i>independent.co.uk</i>. 9 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/the-battle-for-britain-s-breakfast-bbc2-review-how-the-bbc-was-surprise-winner-of-the-big-breakfast-9247148.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Britain%27s+Breakfast%2C+TV+review%3A+How+the+BBC+won+the&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Freviews%2Fthe-battle-for-britain-s-breakfast-bbc2-review-how-the-bbc-was-surprise-winner-of-the-big-breakfast-9247148.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zf2mk">"The Battle for Britain's Breakfast – BBC Two"</a>. <i>bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Britain%27s+Breakfast+%E2%80%93+BBC+Two&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb03zf2mk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATV-am" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardcover: 223 pages Publisher: Allen & Unwin; First edition (5 April 1984) Language: English <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0047910418" title="Special:BookSources/978-0047910418">978-0047910418</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV-am&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv-am.org.uk/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #00C0C0 ;"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> national franchise </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>New service </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Breakfast television </b><br />1 February 1983 – 31 December 1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_Breakfast_TV" title="Template:UK Breakfast TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_Breakfast_TV" title="Template talk:UK Breakfast TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_Breakfast_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK Breakfast TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UK_breakfast_television_programmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK breakfast television programmes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">BBC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_Time_(British_TV_programme)" title="Breakfast Time (British TV programme)">Breakfast Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_News" title="Breakfast News">Breakfast News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Breakfast" title="BBC Breakfast">BBC Breakfast</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ITV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TV-am</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daybreak_(1983_TV_series)" title="Daybreak (1983 TV series)">Daybreak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Britain_(1983_TV_programme)" title="Good Morning Britain (1983 TV programme)">Good Morning Britain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_Nine" title="After Nine">After Nine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_Frost_on_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="David Frost on Sunday">David Frost on Sunday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wide_Awake_Club" title="Wide Awake Club">Wide Awake Club</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wacaday" title="Wacaday">Wacaday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_It%27s_Saturday!_(British_TV_programme)" title="Hey, Hey, It's Saturday! (British TV programme)">Hey, Hey, It's Saturday!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TV_Mayhem" title="TV Mayhem">TV Mayhem</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/GMTV" title="GMTV">GMTV</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Toonattik" title="Toonattik">Toonattik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GMTV_programmes" title="List of GMTV programmes">List of GMTV programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_Breakfast" title="ITV Breakfast">ITV Breakfast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daybreak_(2010_TV_programme)" title="Daybreak (2010 TV programme)">Daybreak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(TV_programme)" title="Lorraine (TV programme)">Lorraine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Britain_(2014_TV_programme)" title="Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)">Good Morning Britain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_(talk_show)" title="Weekend (talk show)">Weekend</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channel 4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Channel_Four_Daily" title="The Channel Four Daily">The Channel Four Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Breakfast" title="The Big Breakfast">The Big Breakfast</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RI:SE" title="RI:SE">RI:SE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Glory_(TV_programme)" title="Morning Glory (TV programme)">Morning Glory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freshly_Squeezed" title="Freshly Squeezed">Freshly Squeezed</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channel 5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Milkshake!" title="Milkshake!">Milkshake!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sky News</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_(British_TV_programme)" title="Sunrise (British TV programme)">Sunrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Rundown_(Sky_News)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Early Rundown (Sky News)">The Early Rundown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kay_Burley_(TV_programme)" title="Kay Burley (TV programme)">Kay Burley @ Breakfast</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sky_News_@_Breakfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky News @ Breakfast">Sky News @ Breakfast</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_with_Brisbane" title="Breakfast with Brisbane">Breakfast with Brisbane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Channel_M_Breakfast" title="Channel M Breakfast">Channel M Breakfast</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_Sports_Fans" title="Good Morning Sports Fans">Good Morning Sports Fans</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_breakfast_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Timeline of breakfast television in the United Kingdom">Timeline of UK breakfast TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_TV-am" title="Timeline of TV-am">Timeline of TV-am</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ITV" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #D0E0E0;;background: #00A0A0; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ITV" title="Template:ITV"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ITV" title="Template talk:ITV"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ITV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ITV"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ITV" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">ITV</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D0E0E0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ITV_channels" title="List of ITV channels">Channels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV <i>(network)</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV1_HD" title="ITV1 HD">ITV1 HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0"><a href="/wiki/ITV_Digital_Channels" title="ITV Digital Channels">ITV Digital Channels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0"><a href="/wiki/ITV_Studios" title="ITV Studios">ITV Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Choice" title="ITV Choice">ITV Choice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CITV" title="CITV">CITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Box_Office" title="ITV Box Office">ITV Box Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Encore" title="ITV Encore">ITV Encore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Channel" title="ITV News Channel">ITV News Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Play" title="ITV Play">ITV Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Select" title="ITV Select">ITV Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Sport_Channel" title="ITV Sport Channel">ITV Sport Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(TV_channel)" title="Merit (TV channel)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S2_(TV_channel)" title="S2 (TV channel)">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV2" title="STV2">STV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JML_Direct_TV#JML_Store" title="JML Direct TV">The Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV2" title="UTV2">UTV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Three" title="Virgin Media Three">UTV Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D0E0E0;;width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group plc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Television" title="Alpha Television">Alpha Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Communications" title="Carlton Communications">Carlton Communications plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_plc" title="Granada plc">Granada plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITC_Entertainment" title="ITC Entertainment">ITC Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Studios_Home_Entertainment#2_Entertain/BBC_Studios_Home_Entertainment" title="BBC Studios Home Entertainment">Video Collection International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Studios#Distribution" title="ITV Studios">Pickwick Video Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rank_Organisation" title="The Rank Organisation">The Rank Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Film_Distributors" title="General Film Distributors">General Film Distributors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_%26_Dean_Ireland" title="Pearl & Dean Ireland">Carlton Screen Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Digital" title="ITV Digital">ITV Digital Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_Television" title="Trident Television">Trident Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Broadcasting" title="News Broadcasting">UTV Media plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire-Tyne_Tees_Television" title="Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television">Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D0E0E0;;width:1%">Divisions,<br />brands and<br />services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0"><a href="/wiki/ITV_Studios" title="ITV Studios">ITV Studios</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Studios_Australia" title="ITV Studios Australia">ITV Studios Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Yard" title="12 Yard">12 Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Talk_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Talk Productions">Big Talk Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattleya_(production_company)" title="Cattleya (production company)">Cattleya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartswood_Films" title="Hartswood Films">Hartswood Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Screen" title="Mammoth Screen">Mammoth Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multistory_Media" title="Multistory Media">Multistory Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Scientific_Films" title="Oxford Scientific Films">Oxford Scientific Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_(production_company)" title="Potato (production company)">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Television" title="So Television">So Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twofour" title="Twofour">Twofour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Productions" title="World Productions">World Productions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CITV" title="CITV">CITV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LittleBe" title="LittleBe">LittleBe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Daytime" title="ITV Daytime">ITV Daytime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Food" title="ITV Food">ITV Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_News" title="ITV News">ITV News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Weather" title="ITV Weather">ITV Weather</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Sport" title="ITV Sport">ITV Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itv.com" title="Itv.com">itv.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BritBox" title="BritBox">BritBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Studios" title="STV Studios">STV Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Reunited" title="Friends Reunited">Friends Reunited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Day" title="ITV Day">ITV Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Digital" title="ITV Digital">ITV Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Local" title="ITV Local">ITV Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Play" title="ITV Play">ITV Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Schools" title="ITV Schools">ITV Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.tv" title="U.tv">u.tv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D0E0E0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ITV_regions" title="List of ITV regions">ITV<br /><i>(network)</i><br />franchises<br />and<br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">National<br />franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0">Breakfast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TV-am</a> (1983–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMTV" title="GMTV">GMTV</a> (1993–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Breakfast" title="ITV Breakfast">ITV Breakfast</a> (2010–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0">Teletext</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ORACLE_(teletext)" title="ORACLE (teletext)">ORACLE</a> (1974–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_Ltd." title="Teletext Ltd.">Teletext Ltd.</a> (1993–2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Current<br />regional<br />franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0">ITV plc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Anglia" title="ITV Anglia">Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Border" title="ITV Border">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Central" title="ITV Central">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Channel_Television" title="ITV Channel Television">Channel TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Cymru_Wales" title="ITV Cymru Wales">Cymru Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_London" title="ITV London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Meridian" title="ITV Meridian">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Tyne_Tees" title="ITV Tyne Tees">Tyne Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_West_Country" title="ITV West Country">West Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Yorkshire" title="ITV Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0">STV Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Television" title="Scottish Television">STV Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grampian_Television" title="Grampian Television">STV North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Former<br />regional<br />franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0">"Big 4 / 5"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Weekend_TV" title="ABC Weekend TV">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Television" title="Associated Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Central" title="ITV Central">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Weekend_Television" title="London Weekend Television">LWT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated-Rediffusion" title="Associated-Rediffusion">Rediffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Television" title="Thames Television">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Yorkshire" title="ITV Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:100%; background: #E8F0F0">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Television" title="Carlton Television">Carlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West" title="ITV Wales & West">HTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Service_for_Wales_and_the_West" title="Independent Television Service for Wales and the West">ITSWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Westcountry" title="ITV Westcountry">ITV Westcountry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Television" title="Southern Television">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_South_West" title="Television South West">TSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_South" title="Television South">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Wales_and_the_West" title="Television Wales and the West">TWW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westward_Television" title="Westward Television">Westward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_West_and_North_Television" title="Wales West and North Television">WWN/Teledu Cymru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Unsuccessful<br />franchise bids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPV-TV" title="CPV-TV">CPV-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemsley-Winnick_Television" title="Kemsley-Winnick Television">Kemsley-Winnick Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Pictures#North_West_Television_franchise_bid" title="Lime Pictures">North West Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Non-franchise<br />regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Thames_Valley" title="ITV Thames Valley">ITV Thames Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Tyne_Tees_%26_Border" title="ITV Tyne Tees & Border">ITV Tyne Tees & Border</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D0E0E0;;width:1%">Timelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Franchises<br />and regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ABC_Weekend_TV" title="Timeline of ABC Weekend TV">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Anglia_Television" title="Timeline of Anglia Television">Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ATV" title="Timeline of ATV">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Border_Television" title="Timeline of Border Television">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Carlton_Television" title="Timeline of Carlton Television">Carlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Central_Independent_Television" title="Timeline of Central Independent Television">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Channel_Television" title="Timeline of Channel Television">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Grampian_Television" title="Timeline of Grampian Television">Grampian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Granada_Television" title="Timeline of Granada Television">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_HTV_West" title="Timeline of HTV West">HTV West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ITV_in_Wales" title="Timeline of ITV in Wales">ITV in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_London_Weekend_Television" title="Timeline of London Weekend Television">LWT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Meridian_Broadcasting" title="Timeline of Meridian Broadcasting">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_Television" title="Timeline of Scottish Television">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Southern_Television" title="Timeline of Southern Television">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Thames_Television" title="Timeline of Thames Television">Thames & Associated-Rediffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_TSW" title="Timeline of TSW">TSW & Westward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_TV-am" title="Timeline of TV-am">TV-am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_TVS" title="Timeline of TVS">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tyne_Tees_Television" title="Timeline of Tyne Tees Television">Tyne Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Ulster_Television" title="Timeline of Ulster Television">UTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Westcountry_Television" title="Timeline of Westcountry Television">Westcountry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yorkshire_Television" title="Timeline of Yorkshire Television">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;line-height:100%; background: #DCE8E8">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ITV" title="Timeline of ITV">ITV <i>(network)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_children%27s_television_on_ITV" title="Timeline of children's television on ITV">ITV children's TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ITV_Digital_Channels" title="Timeline of ITV Digital Channels">ITV Digital Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ITV_News" title="Timeline of ITV News">ITV News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ITN" title="Timeline of ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_regional_news_on_ITV" title="Timeline of regional news on ITV">Regional news</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ITV_Sport" title="Timeline of ITV Sport">ITV Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D0E0E0;;width:1%">Regulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a> (1954–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> (1972–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Commission" title="Independent Television Commission">ITC</a> (1991–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> (2003–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D0E0E0;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ITV" title="History of ITV">History of ITV <i>(network)</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ITV_television_idents" title="History of ITV television idents">Idents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Emergency_National_Service" title="ITV Emergency National Service">ITV Emergency National Service (1968)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Telethon" title="ITV Telethon">ITV Telethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Network" title="Night Network">Night Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Nightscreen" title="ITV Nightscreen">ITV Nightscreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ITV_journalists_and_newsreaders" title="List of ITV journalists and newsreaders">Journalists and newsreaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_programmes_broadcast_by_ITV" title="List of television programmes broadcast by ITV">Programmes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_programmes_broadcast_by_ITV2" title="List of television programmes broadcast by ITV2">ITV2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_House" title="Television House">Television House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_advertising_operations" title="ITV advertising operations">ITV advertising operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_50" title="ITV 50">ITV 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginx_TV" title="Ginx TV">Ginx TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3SixtyMedia" title="3SixtyMedia">3SixtyMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quibi" title="Quibi">Quibi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #D0E0E0;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:ITV_(TV_network)" title="Category:ITV (TV network)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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