CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c72a99ce578352',cH: 'Ft3e16hSiIamaKDE6VmPbZv.6ooNkpvLxhTSKbF3nag-1741319822-1.2.1.1-_HQEF9nPsw8OQzEk6ts8SikX2VM8LfTFRcdbUtyzzHoPl5FG80eJMLihBxZzPzHE',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mathematical%20innovations&page=3&__cf_chl_tk=SeVV_ENRhbjA5DLH3C5.Otev_G9jKp1S2nbj07kndw0-1741319822-1.0.1.1-cGaai8Daa1FyIFSrW5DvBiZUo.RMKcJGE6_KYL9mpjs",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741319822',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mathematical%20innovations&page=3&__cf_chl_f_tk=SeVV_ENRhbjA5DLH3C5.Otev_G9jKp1S2nbj07kndw0-1741319822-1.0.1.1-cGaai8Daa1FyIFSrW5DvBiZUo.RMKcJGE6_KYL9mpjs",md: "gV0N6RXANVrsOKsnTBIpy7JFxzmilrG2t.KAPiMY_.c-1741319822-1.2.1.1-skUYS.8a8n0AFPia3ckZucAJLlpxyYu15EixTDF44kKngQUeI1KtelMcbJ1JPlVDgDS2HUd4aKOFP1YfCwR1lWR2qh.dkYH485ZuDGnm0S4SenTyjVYoW5qlAElWMbLpobm_7_WSluURSwtI6v.lrT41FBwdk4JOfJ6ct5DMSRU0PN4.T1o21Yp0MB7PIXRnS7X7HHEFCCRjpLTEf.9rJo6qnat9oKS5hiV1EZ4Bq551QgIt0lP65Kkw9COUiQ.tFVdB2Z6aoqg5YrrScd3XhlqAdAeu8wE3V1EOPYUP7C0G8hvgCN5PMxRAIakdJaQm9Qfd.NFBn.Id6FPildKQ5daHz3WFlefn4jrgK5U21NSIMC3Bk5zkgkwlOh4S1cqs7onqb_HiKv.7Z5G.hci9vjsoRU7Y.dAlM4rz7p3uh9AJFIwEIeXDCss75CmpunDgmj6WHS_M90zpQ4sV7w1rEjKEotvyKjAFl0BOyao..u7dzgj0OccrCV14NdaM_nSpVmJaSDgyjwcGQ2c1C_JMCdBMQRfOi2Y4zZqQ.9aYCxjLik2syIelYXzneYMgW8ooC2WY6WOokw1Du8NOSHK.0EO6aDr0iThuKTGkU0wg.ox.JXE5YRdNrXII5_PNtC83LKH_TUhaBE8X5SaWwkOlcvXSFYuEgQjDYdYpYLOOadJ_qFuEELnua5zwCo6EsFfY6MhbysyNAkRn_oiqnlE7xbChhz656M3kPaMvOblhMiW.W6QbOmIy92W57kjSb_I7pFrqzI0AM6c5ouFedUcK1IlynKY4_0WAS5ZNvwSilIpKFu_b6Ei8Bu7hevUPbwK6AtRYm9FuddSxzmuUep.lueFYiYbXH6mQ0HPwNYkei5t7zn.0IbmCPS193cIOIei8BqQQ7US.AcOZOspC8cVZlBgcXw63kzmWxciXyb.T4CPHTWqup.xc6UzTbJJVs1NNmFVFaPdLSlJz5a4PAlo_xMPZDYDazqS8.LfhLb0hPBwTvNI0rKZQThP2rBhR0hdFpMH6vpuD5MQ00EQyhcJu6rjPBp9ZDqcaH1Fq2BV0vHVoi7Pb9JgMd17uI.PNe0VrHWyywg0yKgKu8mNwLDDqCswkwVAuEsViyIAXTUuqLirWRFvdY7yAjadTWhhm6bwpSaIppHmbYwL2xECCkFeuJmd3owYPjfdOJGYgEfrNVfGcNGGgluQ2WNJhhxkOw7Qjm.FCtFUrAzRiHm8rHACt1F8xeAwHjZJ68kJM0YpeOzI7j1oQc_1bzvLnif.__DLQczTKQNRe_p6gD69N4QZKt6u.PFVYSOjCmTnAWrcnAxcnfn_WoQEK6hME80LLEurZ",mdrd: "rAO5y.l7esquiffnC_zCfrk3Ptd35i1yLuKf6EqcvWM-1741319822-1.2.1.1-roC_21WZ4AjDCiOebXG8YLHSWFC.h4P6VckYXOxO7uVerIRDVPqzJgTtJajZZyxJXpukDz6KIHdj8ju2.LZ5_EEM7k_hBKNlWwE72rNTIMfuQtCmQOcErVYBM75Vv7.Zk3oKrf4jzlKIPkqriH9IULbRNBEn9aDWUJY8Kb0m5sMaDSAVI_09U78XALZX0im7MAtL.BBGP4XoP_ogSb2y1YWfJlD07wUgBaeF2ZrKnTzxWsTayElNoiGNhwv.2f99PKKEBfZS_FVAPzjxv9s9U8ZNMaJK_d.pY00ruouWQDGCyC3TPnYhGASb5xprWiomimljQlrzE0yu3PtzB8bQRZovEvF62K_bqNlxTiZAjZzzKBNXLRywbh0JwJTsXp1z9wy1fgtLAcv23sNKzDpuucgGOpy3U3ct2_pj91Lkry4N5FY35xJ.xod370Jc14LEceHyfQEDhQaTtORB8_ybneI.O2bHz4MjFxSqlExr_LNeLm.B1yKXak0crCRZP0N9qFWbetTmHp6Jy8huvxOvFfS8gbXvm9JK7KvbFjBETvFPZ8SjsBX2blSGONclmYB1RE5xPbcJl_AFp33nDFceQkk3HJjkaCUnojfrj8wUKL3DvUyzR2P88vPT8wSwAm7lILQ5TEUrf0sSbxnnQnFu3kGyR0SpFtkfYG7Nk05ikzgXrGQPBv6HQyYrJB62vdIASMtI7oO5bVHdIqRc_RxH3soMemQgm4C4KvvZTDrGTJZGnQpPNXwC2YATML2ymZ.oUZiJdry0zaESwJvHiypJhWajp.mgX5yJNKbnOFoqyOm5qFm79M1prTUPRzMnh7yXqkQc__CRatW1_NPNuCV5TsFDXs5OPfmO2dQS0ZmZ3RRe5oiRVXnEeA0WlRV3tlzLdDxi1_UWOvHTpWeHW1y9Cll.EefLbKNaz5.z_cwNiGQn1eCFy7WFJXq6AToWHCZWBMJTp.Y_Ps7zTUFPIabx1aKwOY2fB2YDncOx_9gk8_TIgOl6WXytKnfYurZmtPPwBO3KF9LgfV.T7ij_EVi46vOPq4eBVzXjoM1L5AywRa5udXqPECjlpq0UD1hTi7.D_Lcb_BCzg9j8xnPciEN8cArrIJjzU80xZ4Ce1KXoUoRoxSzYpbahjME_KCQA47M5C5qYtuzIsIE43x21.UiLkxHSoY04unQssjeomyAjMlUUwgkxo.BOG2v5vIVgIp3VulPT0ZM7zzCqRKzTP7QOMkgBXt0HuAzQehYBb3sr.nqG0Zlb5FstUa8nPSeztvouIJMoELYw51roQ5ZiNMxmoJntPe1ob8.w7dEaSRYmcjVvZJYn43cTRuSVZRXMDw7cOx9ZUBIBPJpYzsNdjtAKF3gO5B9wvjFsG727YnQoid1q05_.4oEK3xhSdlRpUiJtpxp9Z1hp9hwM.T0HwMwsXEDtqh1Sf5yhx3Kel_LMySQIegVRuLO_t3PbgT5EzNuyiqOkJOxxE08LUtIsohcmg.tcgWQxmzCjbnw7FGgghXlaX4OfWxrCqnlndbKUk2hiMPJ0iawExU0r77YhsZhAiQKP4EdAC.._wYIQWtVyyGeGBRgXzQr29f95tdMVnea7eA5tHtzfysXn9T.l7yUhWoydjo5q71AFLX30mbSP7cl7474zoTLAY1LFqnQc0LsGxYtG8XpF6nsd6FjiTMAXTilWXkv.QtgXvhLM37HuCUvlMS7D2DPAPW2aup4swbxTHH7o0U._MZugA8QyQ2qmTyxng_G92w5zxLQ2N4Oid59xRLWe2ORUs0DtsGYeF30rYmaWAKXlGrGcINQM8V3Pojtnln21AmX5AO_4br57ar5kbLiUSz0GARBh1BlgHZQl2101dkbELY.zsRD3F16SIjfC25OziZIfm.b.E0OGfSjjChllKq1ckXweN2A92aYxlOcMm2L_iaWxx4K.PjYfCuEogAqKKc7shSStHCUc5uA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c72a99ce578352';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=mathematical%20innovations&page=3&__cf_chl_rt_tk=SeVV_ENRhbjA5DLH3C5.Otev_G9jKp1S2nbj07kndw0-1741319822-1.0.1.1-cGaai8Daa1FyIFSrW5DvBiZUo.RMKcJGE6_KYL9mpjs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>