CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sturgeon - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"85cca642-bd75-49d7-bef0-6bda6eeedffa","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sturgeon","wgTitle":"Sturgeon","wgCurRevisionId":1277692494,"wgRevisionId":1277692494,"wgArticleId":220776,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: DOI","CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2025","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from May 2019","Articles with 'species' microformats","Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links", "Good articles","Articles containing video clips","Sturgeons","Commercial fish","Apex predators","Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte","Extant Maastrichtian first appearances"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sturgeon","wgRelevantArticleId":220776,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q181871","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sturgeon - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sturgeon rootpage-Sturgeon skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sturgeon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sturgeon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sturgeon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sturgeon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fossil_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fossil history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny_and_taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny_and_taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Phylogeny and taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny_and_taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Range and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Physical characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Life cycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Interactions with humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interactions_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interactions with humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interactions_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caviar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caviar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Caviar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caviar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sturgeon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حفشية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حفشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namew" title="Namew – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Namew" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99r%C9%99l%C9%99r" title="Nərələr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nərələr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Асятровыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асятровыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Есетрови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Есетрови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipens%C3%A8rids" title="Acipensèrids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acipensèrids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Осётр йышшисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Осётр йышшисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeseterovit%C3%AD" title="Jeseterovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeseterovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B8rfamilien" title="Størfamilien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Størfamilien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6re" title="Störe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Störe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CF%81%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Οξυρρυγχίδες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξυρρυγχίδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Якстере кал – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Якстере кал" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseredoj" title="Acipenseredoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Acipenseredoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaizkata" title="Gaizkata – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaizkata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ماهیان خاویاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهیان خاویاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%C3%A1n_fearna" title="Bradán fearna – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bradán fearna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipens%C3%A9ridos" title="Acipenséridos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acipenséridos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EA%B0%91%EC%83%81%EC%96%B4%EB%A5%98" title="철갑상어류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철갑상어류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%83" title="Թառափ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թառափ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="असीपेंसेरडे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="असीपेंसेरडे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesetre" title="Jesetre – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jesetre" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esturjono" title="Esturjono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Esturjono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setur" title="Setur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Setur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrju%C3%A6tt" title="Styrjuætt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Styrjuætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חדקניים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חדקניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ზუთხისებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზუთხისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бекірелер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бекірелер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Осетр балыктары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Осетр балыктары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storu_dzimta" title="Storu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Storu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%A1ketin%C4%97s" title="Eršketinės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eršketinės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%B3di_tokf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Valódi tokfélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valódi tokfélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%87" title="حفشيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حفشيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sturgeon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Хилэм – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хилэм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8" title="စတားဂျင်ငါး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စတားဂျင်ငါး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steuren" title="Steuren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steuren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B6%E3%83%A1%E7%A7%91" title="チョウザメ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チョウザメ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6%C3%B6ren" title="Stöören – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stöören" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B8rer" title="Stører – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stører" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B8rfamilien" title="Størfamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Størfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesiotrowate" title="Jesiotrowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jesiotrowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esturj%C3%A3o" title="Esturjão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esturjão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturion" title="Sturion – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sturion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Осетровые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осетровые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blini" title="Blini – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Blini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sturgeon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesetri" title="Jesetri – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jesetri" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeseterowate" title="Jeseterowate – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jeseterowate" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Јесетра – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јесетра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesetre" title="Jesetre – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jesetre" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammet" title="Sammet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sammet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6rar" title="Störar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Störar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ปลาสเตอร์เจียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปลาสเตอร์เจียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Осетрові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осетрові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_C%C3%A1_t%E1%BA%A7m" title="Họ Cá tầm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Cá tầm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" title="Acipenseridae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Acipenseridae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%9F%E7%A7%91" title="鲟科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲟科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B1%98%E9%AD%9A" title="鱘魚 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鱘魚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B1%98%E7%A7%91" title="鱘科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鱘科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181871#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sturgeon" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sturgeon" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sturgeon" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&oldid=1277692494" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sturgeon&id=1277692494&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSturgeon"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSturgeon"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sturgeon&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acipenseridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181871" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ray-finned fish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sturgeon (disambiguation)">Sturgeon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Sturgeon<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Cenomanian–Recent</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:185.98461538462px; width:34.015384615385px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:185.98461538462px; width:34.015384615385px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:186.98461538462px; width:32.015384615385px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_oxyrhynchus_(edit).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Acipenser_oxyrhynchus_%28edit%29.png/220px-Acipenser_oxyrhynchus_%28edit%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Acipenser_oxyrhynchus_%28edit%29.png/330px-Acipenser_oxyrhynchus_%28edit%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Acipenser_oxyrhynchus_%28edit%29.png/440px-Acipenser_oxyrhynchus_%28edit%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_sturgeon" title="Atlantic sturgeon">Atlantic sturgeon</a><br />(<i>Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Acipenseridae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acipenseriformes" title="Acipenseriformes">Acipenseriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Acipenseridae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Charles Lucien Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a>, 1831</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boreiosturion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boreiosturion (page does not exist)">Boreiosturion</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Protoscaphirhynchus" title="Protoscaphirhynchus">Protoscaphirhynchus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engdahlichthys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engdahlichthys (page does not exist)">Engdahlichthys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anchiacipenser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anchiacipenser (page does not exist)">Anchiacipenser</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Priscosturion" title="Priscosturion">Priscosturion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser" title="Acipenser">Acipenser</a></i> (paraphyletic)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huso" title="Huso">Huso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus" title="Scaphirhynchus">Scaphirhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus">Pseudoscaphirhynchus</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/32px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/48px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/64px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="209" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fish" title="Portal:Fish">fish portal</a></span></li></ul> <p><b>Sturgeon</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">styrġa</i></span> ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> *<i>str̥(Hx)yón</i>-<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> for the 28 species of fish belonging to the family <b>Acipenseridae</b>. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, and are descended from other, earlier <a href="/wiki/Acipenseriformes" title="Acipenseriformes">acipenseriform fish</a>, which date back to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Early Jurassic</a> period, some 174 to 201 million years ago. They are one of two living families of the Acipenseriformes alongside <a href="/wiki/Paddlefish" title="Paddlefish">paddlefish</a> (Polyodontidae). The family is grouped into four genera: <i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser" title="Acipenser">Acipenser</a></i> (which is <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>, containing many distantly related sturgeon species), <i><a href="/wiki/Huso" title="Huso">Huso</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus" title="Scaphirhynchus">Scaphirhynchus</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus">Pseudoscaphirhynchus</a></i>. Two species (<i><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_sturgeon" title="Adriatic sturgeon">A. naccarii</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dabry%27s_sturgeon" title="Dabry's sturgeon">A. dabryanus</a></i>) may be <a href="/wiki/Extinct_in_the_wild" title="Extinct in the wild">extinct in the wild</a>, and one (<i><a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya_sturgeon" title="Syr Darya sturgeon">P. fedtschenkoi</a></i>) may be entirely extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sturgeons are native to subtropical, temperate and sub-Arctic rivers, lakes and coastlines of <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonEdu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonEdu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Maastrichtian" title="Maastrichtian">Maastrichtian</a>-age fossil found in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> shows that they also once lived in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sturgeons are long-lived, late-maturing fishes with distinctive characteristics, such as a <a href="/wiki/Fish_fin#AnchCaudal" title="Fish fin">heterocercal caudal fin</a> similar to those of <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</a>, and an elongated, spindle-like body that is smooth-skinned, scaleless, and armored with five lateral rows of bony plates called <a href="/wiki/Scutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutes">scutes</a>. Several species can grow quite large, typically ranging 2–3.5 m (7–12 ft) in length. The largest sturgeon on record was a <a href="/wiki/Beluga_(sturgeon)" title="Beluga (sturgeon)">beluga</a> female captured in the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Delta" title="Volga Delta">Volga Delta</a> in 1827, measuring 7.2 m (23 ft 7 in) long and weighing 1,571 kg (3,463 lb). Most sturgeons are <a href="/wiki/Anadromous" class="mw-redirect" title="Anadromous">anadromous</a> <a href="/wiki/Benthos" title="Benthos">bottom-feeders</a>, migrating upstream to spawn but spending most of their lives feeding in <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river deltas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a>. Some species inhabit freshwater environments exclusively, while others primarily inhabit marine environments near <a href="/wiki/Coastal" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal">coastal</a> areas, and are known to venture into open ocean. </p><p>Several species of sturgeon are harvested for their <a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">roe</a>, which is processed into the <a href="/wiki/Luxury_good" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury good">luxury food</a> <a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">caviar</a>. This has led to serious <a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">overexploitation</a>, which combined with other conservation threats, has brought most of the species to <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a> status, at the edge of <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_history">Fossil history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fossil history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT_(tighter_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT_%28tighter_crop%29.jpg/280px-Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT_%28tighter_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT_%28tighter_crop%29.jpg/420px-Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT_%28tighter_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT_%28tighter_crop%29.jpg/560px-Yanosteus_longidorsalis_MHNT_%28tighter_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5943" data-file-height="2349" /></a><figcaption><i>Yanosteus longidorsalis</i>, a member of the extinct acipenseriform family <a href="/wiki/Peipiaosteidae" title="Peipiaosteidae">Peipiaosteidae</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a> (125–120 Mya) <a href="/wiki/Yixian_Formation" title="Yixian Formation">Yixian Formation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, China</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Acipenseriform" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenseriform">Acipenseriform</a> fishes appeared in the fossil record some 174 to 201 million years ago, during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Early Jurassic</a>, making them some of the earliest extant <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygian" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinopterygian">actinopterygian</a> fishes.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> True sturgeons appear in the fossil record during the Upper <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>, with amongst the oldest known remains being a partial skull from the <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> (100–94 million years ago) of Alberta, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that time, sturgeons have undergone remarkably little <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> change, indicating their evolution has been exceptionally slow and earning them informal status as <a href="/wiki/Living_fossils" class="mw-redirect" title="Living fossils">living fossils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-krieger_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krieger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is explained in part by the long generation interval, tolerance for wide ranges of <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a>, lack of <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predators</a> due to size and bony plated armor, or scutes, and the abundance of prey items in the benthic environment. They do, however, still share several primitive characteristics, such as heterocercal tail, reduced squamation, more fin rays than supporting bony elements, and unique jaw suspension.<sup id="cite_ref-HelfmanCollette2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HelfmanCollette2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny_and_taxonomy">Phylogeny and taxonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phylogeny and taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the existence of a <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> record, full classification and <a href="/wiki/Phylogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogeny">phylogeny</a> of the sturgeon species has been difficult to determine, in part due to the high individual and <a href="/wiki/Ontogeny" title="Ontogeny">ontogenic</a> variation, including geographical <a href="/wiki/Cline_(biology)" title="Cline (biology)">clines</a> in certain features, such as rostrum shape, number of scutes, and body length. A further confounding factor is the peculiar ability of sturgeons to produce reproductively viable <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a>, even between species assigned to different <a href="/wiki/Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">genera</a>. While ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) have a long evolutionary history culminating in the most familiar fishes, past adaptive <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_radiation" title="Evolutionary radiation">evolutionary radiations</a> have left only a few survivors, such as sturgeons and <a href="/wiki/Gar" title="Gar">gars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Craniata_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craniata-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wide range of the acipenserids and their endangered status have made collection of systematic materials difficult. The factors have led researchers in the past to identify over 40 additional species that were rejected by later scientists.<sup id="cite_ref-bemis_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bemis-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether the species in the <i>Acipenser</i> and <i>Huso</i> genera are <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> (descended from one ancestor) or <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> (descended from many ancestors) is still unclear, though the morphologically motivated division between these two genera clearly is not supported by the genetic evidence. An effort is ongoing to resolve the taxonomic confusion using a continuing synthesis of systematic data and <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">molecular techniques</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-krieger_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krieger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phylogeny of Acipenseridae, as in the <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a>, shows that they evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">bony fishes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PNAS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNAS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TOL_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laurin&reisz1995_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laurin&reisz1995-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximate dates are from Near <i>et al.</i>, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-PNAS_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNAS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_lake_sturgeon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A young lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)"><img alt="A young lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Young_lake_sturgeon.jpg/120px-Young_lake_sturgeon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Young_lake_sturgeon.jpg/180px-Young_lake_sturgeon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Young_lake_sturgeon.jpg/240px-Young_lake_sturgeon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="1829" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A young lake sturgeon (<i>Acipenser fulvescens</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausen_(Huso_huso_L.)editDOB.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Great sturgeon or beluga (Huso huso) feeding on another fish"><img alt="Great sturgeon or beluga (Huso huso) feeding on another fish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hausen_%28Huso_huso_L.%29editDOB.JPG/120px-Hausen_%28Huso_huso_L.%29editDOB.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hausen_%28Huso_huso_L.%29editDOB.JPG/180px-Hausen_%28Huso_huso_L.%29editDOB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hausen_%28Huso_huso_L.%29editDOB.JPG/240px-Hausen_%28Huso_huso_L.%29editDOB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1029" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Great sturgeon or beluga (<i>Huso huso</i>) feeding on another fish</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm/120px--Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="88" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="981" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="982" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="196" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="328" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm/Pallid_sturgeon_activity_with_syphoning.webmhd.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pallid sturgeon (<i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i>) showing siphoning feeding behaviour</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm/120px--Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="88" data-durationhint="17" data-mwtitle="Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="196" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="328" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm/Beluga_sturgeon_in_aquarium.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beluga sturgeon in an aquarium.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Actinistia" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinistia">Coelacanths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dipnoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipnoi">lungfish</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coelacanth_flipped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coelacanth_flipped.png/70px-Coelacanth_flipped.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coelacanth_flipped.png/105px-Coelacanth_flipped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coelacanth_flipped.png/140px-Coelacanth_flipped.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="228" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">Tetrapods</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salamandra_salamandra_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Salamandra_salamandra_%28white_background%29.jpg/70px-Salamandra_salamandra_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Salamandra_salamandra_%28white_background%29.jpg/105px-Salamandra_salamandra_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Salamandra_salamandra_%28white_background%29.jpg/140px-Salamandra_salamandra_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="277" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Cladistia" title="Cladistia">Cladistia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Polypteriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypteriformes">Polypteriformes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bichir" title="Bichir">bichirs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reedfish" title="Reedfish">reedfishes</a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuvier-105-Polypt%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cuvier-105-Polypt%C3%A8re.jpg/80px-Cuvier-105-Polypt%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cuvier-105-Polypt%C3%A8re.jpg/120px-Cuvier-105-Polypt%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cuvier-105-Polypt%C3%A8re.jpg/160px-Cuvier-105-Polypt%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="155" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Actinopteri" title="Actinopteri">Actinopteri</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Acipenseriformes" title="Acipenseriformes">Acipenseriformes</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>Acipenseridae</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg/90px-Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg/135px-Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg/180px-Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="116" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Polyodontidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyodontidae">Polyodontidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paddlefish_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Paddlefish_%28white_background%29.jpg/90px-Paddlefish_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Paddlefish_%28white_background%29.jpg/135px-Paddlefish_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Paddlefish_%28white_background%29.jpg/180px-Paddlefish_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="375" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Neopterygii" title="Neopterygii">Neopterygii</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Holostei" title="Holostei">Holostei</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lepisosteiformes" title="Lepisosteiformes">Lepisosteiformes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gar" title="Gar">gars</a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alligator_gar_fish_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alligator_gar_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg/70px-Alligator_gar_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alligator_gar_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg/105px-Alligator_gar_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alligator_gar_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg/140px-Alligator_gar_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="251" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amiiformes" title="Amiiformes">Amiiformes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bowfin" title="Bowfin">bowfins</a>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amia_calva_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Amia_calva_%28white_background%29.jpg/70px-Amia_calva_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Amia_calva_%28white_background%29.jpg/105px-Amia_calva_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Amia_calva_%28white_background%29.jpg/140px-Amia_calva_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="733" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"><div style="display:inline" class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;">275 mya</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Teleostei" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleostei">Teleostei</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Common_carp_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Common_carp_%28white_background%29.jpg/60px-Common_carp_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Common_carp_%28white_background%29.jpg/90px-Common_carp_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Common_carp_%28white_background%29.jpg/120px-Common_carp_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="379" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"><div style="display:inline" class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;">310 mya</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"><div style="display:inline" class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;">360 mya</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"><div style="display:inline" class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;">400 mya</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In currently accepted <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a>, the class <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> and the order <a href="/wiki/Acipenseriformes" title="Acipenseriformes">Acipenseriformes</a> are both <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clades</a>. The family Acipenseridae is subdivided into 2 subfamilies; <a href="/wiki/Acipenserinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenserinae">Acipenserinae</a>, including the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser" title="Acipenser">Acipenser</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Huso" title="Huso">Huso</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphirhynchinae">Scaphirhynchinae</a>, including the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus" title="Scaphirhynchus">Scaphirhynchus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus">Pseudoscaphirhynchus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, multiple recent studies have recovered this arrangement as <a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a>, instead finding <i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_sturgeon" title="Atlantic sturgeon">A. oxyrhinchus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/European_sea_sturgeon" title="European sea sturgeon">A. sturio</a></i> to form the most <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> clade among sturgeons, and all other species being in a separate clade, with the various other species of <i>Acipenser</i>, <i>Scaphirhynchus</i>, <i>Pseudoscaphirhynchus</i>, and <i>Huso</i> to have varying levels of relationship with one another.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A potential taxonomy of Acipenseridae is shown here, based on Luo <i>et al</i>. 2019, Nedoluzhko <i>et al</i>. 2020, and Shen <i>et al.</i> 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note the paraphyletic relationships among genera: </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_oxyrinchus" title="Acipenser oxyrinchus">A. oxyrinchus</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg/90px-Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg/135px-Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg/180px-Atlantic_sturgeon_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="116" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_sturio" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser sturio">A. sturio</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_sturio_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Acipenser_sturio_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Acipenser_sturio_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Acipenser_sturio_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Acipenser_sturio_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Acipenser_sturio_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Acipenser_sturio_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="366" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_dabryanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser dabryanus">A. dabryanus</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_dabryanus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Acipenser_dabryanus.jpg/90px-Acipenser_dabryanus.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Acipenser_dabryanus.jpg/135px-Acipenser_dabryanus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Acipenser_dabryanus.jpg/180px-Acipenser_dabryanus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1839" data-file-height="709" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_schrenckii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser schrenckii">A. schrenckii</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_transmontanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser transmontanus">A. transmontanus</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_transmontanus2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Acipenser_transmontanus2.jpg/90px-Acipenser_transmontanus2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Acipenser_transmontanus2.jpg/135px-Acipenser_transmontanus2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Acipenser_transmontanus2.jpg/180px-Acipenser_transmontanus2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="429" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Huso_dauricus" class="mw-redirect" title="Huso dauricus">H. dauricus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_medirostris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser medirostris">A. medirostris</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_medirostris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Acipenser_medirostris.jpg/90px-Acipenser_medirostris.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Acipenser_medirostris.jpg/135px-Acipenser_medirostris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Acipenser_medirostris.jpg/180px-Acipenser_medirostris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_mikadoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser mikadoi">A. mikadoi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphirhynchus platorynchus">S. platorhynchus</a></i> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus.jpg/90px-Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus.jpg/135px-Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus.jpg/180px-Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="552" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphirhynchus suttkusi">S. suttkusi</a></i> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi.jpg/90px-Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi.jpg/135px-Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi.jpg/180px-Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4439" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus_albus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphirhynchus albus">S. albus</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scaphirhynchus_albus_mirrored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Scaphirhynchus_albus_mirrored.jpg/90px-Scaphirhynchus_albus_mirrored.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Scaphirhynchus_albus_mirrored.jpg/135px-Scaphirhynchus_albus_mirrored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Scaphirhynchus_albus_mirrored.jpg/180px-Scaphirhynchus_albus_mirrored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi">P. fedtschenkoi</a></i> (likely extinct) <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi.jpg/90px-Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi.jpg/135px-Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi.jpg/180px-Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_hermanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni">P. hermanni</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_kaufmanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni">P. kaufmanni</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_persicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser persicus">A. persicus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_stellatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser stellatus">A. stellatus</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_stellatus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Acipenser_stellatus.jpg/90px-Acipenser_stellatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Acipenser_stellatus.jpg/135px-Acipenser_stellatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Acipenser_stellatus.jpg/180px-Acipenser_stellatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="291" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Huso_huso" class="mw-redirect" title="Huso huso">H. huso</a></i> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_sturgeon_-_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Beluga_sturgeon_-_2.png/90px-Beluga_sturgeon_-_2.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Beluga_sturgeon_-_2.png/135px-Beluga_sturgeon_-_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Beluga_sturgeon_-_2.png/180px-Beluga_sturgeon_-_2.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="137" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_ruthenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser ruthenus">A. ruthenus</a></i> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_ruthenus3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Acipenser_ruthenus3.jpg/90px-Acipenser_ruthenus3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Acipenser_ruthenus3.jpg/135px-Acipenser_ruthenus3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Acipenser_ruthenus3.jpg/180px-Acipenser_ruthenus3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_nudiventris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser nudiventris">A. nudiventris</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_nudiventris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Acipenser_nudiventris.jpg/90px-Acipenser_nudiventris.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Acipenser_nudiventris.jpg/135px-Acipenser_nudiventris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Acipenser_nudiventris.jpg/180px-Acipenser_nudiventris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_fulvescens" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser fulvescens">A. fulvescens</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_fulvescens_GLERL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Acipenser_fulvescens_GLERL.jpg/90px-Acipenser_fulvescens_GLERL.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Acipenser_fulvescens_GLERL.jpg/135px-Acipenser_fulvescens_GLERL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Acipenser_fulvescens_GLERL.jpg/180px-Acipenser_fulvescens_GLERL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_brevirostrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser brevirostrum">A. brevirostrum</a></i> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_brevirostrum_(NY).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Acipenser_brevirostrum_%28NY%29.jpg/90px-Acipenser_brevirostrum_%28NY%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Acipenser_brevirostrum_%28NY%29.jpg/135px-Acipenser_brevirostrum_%28NY%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Acipenser_brevirostrum_%28NY%29.jpg/180px-Acipenser_brevirostrum_%28NY%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_baerii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser baerii">A. baerii</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser sinensis">A. sinensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser gueldenstaedtii">A. gueldenstaedtii</a></i> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii.jpg/90px-Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii.jpg/135px-Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii.jpg/180px-Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="293" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The exact placement of <i>Scaphirhynchus</i> varies depending on the study and the methods used, with some placing it within the second-most basal clade comprising primarily Pacific species (shown above), whereas others place it in its own clade that is more derived than the secondmost basal clade but less derived than the most derived Atlantic and Central Asian clade. No studies have yet delineated a relationship between it and <i>Pseudoscaphirhynchus</i>. In addition, the exact relationships of the members of the most <a href="/wiki/Synapomorphy_and_apomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapomorphy and apomorphy">derived</a>, primarily Atlantic clade vary, although most analyses at least find all the species in it to form a monophyletic clade. The placement of <i>A. sinensis</i> also varies by the study, with some placing it as the only Pacific member of the otherwise Atlantic-based most-derived clade, whereas others place it with the rest of the Pacific sturgeons as a sister to <i>A. dabryanus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2024 study using DNA sequencing and morphological data recovered 5 <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> genera for Acipenseridae,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the results have not been accepted by databases such as <a href="/wiki/WoRMS" class="mw-redirect" title="WoRMS">WoRMS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eschmeyer%27s_Catalog_of_Fishes" title="Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes">Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family contains 8 extinct fossil species and 28 extant species/subspecies (include 1 species of <i>Sterlet</i> and 2 species of living fossils), in 4 genera. This list uses the original classification scheme: </p><p>Family <b><a href="/wiki/Acipenseridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenseridae">Acipenseridae</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser" title="Acipenser">Acipenser</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_albertensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser albertensis (page does not exist)">Acipenser albertensis</a></i> <small>Lambe 1902</small> ></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_baerii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser baerii">Acipenser baerii</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_von_Brandt" title="Johann Friedrich von Brandt">J. F. Brandt</a>, 1869</small> (<a href="/wiki/Siberian_sturgeon" title="Siberian sturgeon">Siberian sturgeon</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_baerii_baicalensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser baerii baicalensis">Acipenser baerii baicalensis</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikhailovich_Nikolsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky">A. M. Nikolskii</a>, 1896</small> (<a href="/wiki/Baikal_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikal sturgeon">Baikal sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_baerii_stenorrhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser baerii stenorrhynchus">Acipenser baerii stenorrhynchus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikhailovich_Nikolsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky">A. M. Nikolskii</a>, 1896</small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_brevirostrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser brevirostrum">Acipenser brevirostrum</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Lesueur</a>, 1818</small> (<a href="/wiki/Shortnose_sturgeon" title="Shortnose sturgeon">Shortnose sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_dabryanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser dabryanus">Acipenser dabryanus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Henri_Andr%C3%A9_Dum%C3%A9ril" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Henri André Duméril">A. H. A. Duméril</a>, 1869</small> (<a href="/wiki/Yangtze_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze sturgeon">Yangtze sturgeon</a>)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_cruciferus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser cruciferus (page does not exist)">Acipenser cruciferus</a></i> <small>(Cope 1876)</small></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_eruciferus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser eruciferus (page does not exist)">Acipenser eruciferus</a></i> <small>Cope 1876</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_fulvescens" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser fulvescens">Acipenser fulvescens</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a>, 1817</small> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_sturgeon" title="Lake sturgeon">Lake sturgeon</a>)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_gigantissimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser gigantissimus (page does not exist)">Acipenser gigantissimus</a></i> <small>Nessov 1997</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_gueldenstaedtii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser gueldenstaedtii">Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_von_Brandt" title="Johann Friedrich von Brandt">J. F. Brandt</a> & <a href="/wiki/Julius_Theodor_Christian_Ratzeburg" title="Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg">Ratzeburg</a>, 1833</small> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_sturgeon" title="Russian sturgeon">Russian sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_medirostris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser medirostris">Acipenser medirostris</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/William_Orville_Ayres" title="William Orville Ayres">Ayres</a>, 1854</small> (<a href="/wiki/Green_sturgeon" title="Green sturgeon">Green sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_mikadoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser mikadoi">Acipenser mikadoi</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Franz_Martin_Hilgendorf" title="Franz Martin Hilgendorf">Hilgendorf</a>, 1892</small> (<a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_sturgeon" title="Sakhalin sturgeon">Sakhalin sturgeon</a>)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_molassicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser molassicus (page does not exist)">Acipenser molassicus</a></i> <small>Probst 1882</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_naccarii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser naccarii">Acipenser naccarii</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Charles Lucien Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a>, 1836</small> (<a href="/wiki/Adriatic_sturgeon" title="Adriatic sturgeon">Adriatic sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_nudiventris" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser nudiventris">Acipenser nudiventris</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksey_Leontievitch_Lovetsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksey Leontievitch Lovetsky (page does not exist)">Lovetsky</a>, 1828</small> (<a href="/wiki/Fringebarbel_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringebarbel sturgeon">Fringebarbel sturgeon</a>)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_ornatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser ornatus (page does not exist)">Acipenser ornatus</a></i> <small>Leidy 1873</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_oxyrinchus" title="Acipenser oxyrinchus">Acipenser oxyrinchus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Mitchill" title="Samuel L. Mitchill">Mitchill</a>, 1815</small> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_oxyrinchus_desotoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi">Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vadim_Dimitrievitch_Vladykov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vadim Dimitrievitch Vladykov (page does not exist)">Vladykov</a>, 1955</small> (<a href="/wiki/Gulf_sturgeon" title="Gulf sturgeon">Gulf sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_oxyrinchus_oxyrinchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus">Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus</a></i> <small>Mitchill, 1815</small> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_sturgeon" title="Atlantic sturgeon">Atlantic sturgeon</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_persicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser persicus">Acipenser persicus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Andreyevich_Borodin" title="Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin">Borodin</a>, 1897</small> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_sturgeon" title="Persian sturgeon">Persian sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_ruthenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser ruthenus">Acipenser ruthenus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/Sterlet" title="Sterlet">Sterlet</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_schrenckii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser schrenckii">Acipenser schrenckii</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_von_Brandt" title="Johann Friedrich von Brandt">J. F. Brandt</a>, 1869</small> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_sturgeon" title="Japanese sturgeon">Japanese sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser sinensis">Acipenser sinensis</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">J. E. Gray</a>, 1835</small> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_sturgeon" title="Chinese sturgeon">Chinese sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_stellatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser stellatus">Acipenser stellatus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a>, 1771</small> (<a href="/wiki/Starry_sturgeon" title="Starry sturgeon">Starry sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_sturio" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser sturio">Acipenser sturio</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></small> (<a href="/wiki/European_sea_sturgeon" title="European sea sturgeon">European sea sturgeon</a>)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_toliapicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser toliapicus (page does not exist)">Acipenser toliapicus</a></i> <small>Agassiz 1844 ex Woodward 1889</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser_transmontanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenser transmontanus">Acipenser transmontanus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">J. Richardson</a>, 1836</small> (<a href="/wiki/White_sturgeon" title="White sturgeon">White sturgeon</a>)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acipenser_tuberculosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acipenser tuberculosus (page does not exist)">Acipenser tuberculosus</a></i> <small>Probst 1882</small></li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Huso" title="Huso">Huso</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_von_Brandt" title="Johann Friedrich von Brandt">J. F. Brandt</a> & <a href="/wiki/Julius_Theodor_Christian_Ratzeburg" title="Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg">Ratzeburg</a>, 1833</small> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Huso_dauricus" class="mw-redirect" title="Huso dauricus">Huso dauricus</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Georgi" title="Johann Gottlieb Georgi">Georgi</a>, 1775)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Kaluga_(fish)" title="Kaluga (fish)">kaluga</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huso_huso" class="mw-redirect" title="Huso huso">Huso huso</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a>)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Beluga_(sturgeon)" title="Beluga (sturgeon)">beluga</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus" title="Scaphirhynchus">Scaphirhynchus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Heckel" title="Johann Jakob Heckel">Heckel</a>, 1835</small> (native to <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus_albus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphirhynchus albus">Scaphirhynchus albus</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Alfred_Forbes" title="Stephen Alfred Forbes">Forbes</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Earl_Richardson" title="Robert Earl Richardson">R. E. Richardson</a>, 1905)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Pallid_sturgeon" title="Pallid sturgeon">Pallid sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus_platorynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphirhynchus platorynchus">Scaphirhynchus platorynchus</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a>, 1820)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Shovelnose_sturgeon" title="Shovelnose sturgeon">Shovelnose sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus_suttkusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphirhynchus suttkusi">Scaphirhynchus suttkusi</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_D._Williams_(ichthyologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James D. Williams (ichthyologist) (page does not exist)">J. D. Williams</a> & <a href="/wiki/Glenn_H._Clemmer" title="Glenn H. Clemmer">Clemmer</a>, 1991</small> (<a href="/wiki/Alabama_sturgeon" title="Alabama sturgeon">Alabama sturgeon</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus">Pseudoscaphirhynchus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikhailovich_Nikolsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky">Nikolskii</a>, 1900</small> (native to <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_fedtschenkoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi">Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Karl_Fedorovich_Kessler" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Fedorovich Kessler">Kessler</a>, 1872)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya_sturgeon" title="Syr Darya sturgeon">Syr Darya sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_hermanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni">Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Karl_Fedorovich_Kessler" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Fedorovich Kessler">Kessler</a>, 1877)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Dwarf_sturgeon" title="Dwarf sturgeon">Dwarf sturgeon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus_kaufmanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni">Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Karl_Fedorovich_Kessler" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Fedorovich Kessler">Kessler</a>, 1877)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya_sturgeon" title="Amu Darya sturgeon">Amu Darya sturgeon</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range_and_habitat">Range and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Range and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pantikapaion_Tetrachalkon_(rev).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pantikapaion_Tetrachalkon_%28rev%29.jpg/220px-Pantikapaion_Tetrachalkon_%28rev%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pantikapaion_Tetrachalkon_%28rev%29.jpg/330px-Pantikapaion_Tetrachalkon_%28rev%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pantikapaion_Tetrachalkon_%28rev%29.jpg/440px-Pantikapaion_Tetrachalkon_%28rev%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Sturgeon depicted on an ancient Greek Tetrachalkon (bronze coin) from <a href="/wiki/Panticapaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Panticapaeum">Panticapaeum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimean</a> peninsula (<a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>), 310–304 B.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sturgeon range from <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> to <a href="/wiki/Subarctic" title="Subarctic">subarctic</a> waters in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, they range along the Atlantic Coast from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> to <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">St. Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> Rivers, as well as along the West Coast in major rivers from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> to <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. They occur along the European <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> coast, including the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> basin, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> and the rivers of <a href="/wiki/North_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="North Italy">North Italy</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the rivers that flow into the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azov_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Sea">Azov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> Seas (<a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnepr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ural_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural River">Ural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don</a>); the north-flowing rivers of Russia that feed the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ob_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ob River">Ob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yenisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei">Yenisei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lena_River" title="Lena River">Lena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolyma_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolyma River">Kolyma</a>); in the rivers of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amu Darya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya" title="Syr Darya">Syr Darya</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>. In the Pacific Ocean, they are found in the <a href="/wiki/Amur_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Amur River">Amur River</a> along the Russian-<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> border, on <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a> Island, and some rivers in northeast China.<sup id="cite_ref-Berg_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berg-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout this extensive range, almost all species are highly threatened or vulnerable to extinction due to a combination of <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>, overfishing, and pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No species is known to naturally occur south of the equator, though attempts at sturgeon <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> are being made in <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and other places.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most species are at least partially <a href="/wiki/Anadromous" class="mw-redirect" title="Anadromous">anadromous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">spawning</a> in fresh water and feeding in nutrient-rich, brackish waters of <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a> or undergoing significant migrations along coastlines. However, some species have evolved purely freshwater existences, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lake_sturgeon" title="Lake sturgeon">lake sturgeon</a> (<i>Acipenser fulvescens</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Baikal_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikal sturgeon">Baikal sturgeon</a> (<i>A. baerii baicalensis</i>), or have been forced into them by human or natural <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">impoundment</a> of their native rivers, as in the case of some subpopulations of <a href="/wiki/White_sturgeon" title="White sturgeon">white sturgeon</a> (<i>A. transmontanus</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Siberian_sturgeon" title="Siberian sturgeon">Siberian sturgeon</a> (<i>A. baerii</i>) in the Ob basin.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NIE_1905_Sturgeon_-_Skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/NIE_1905_Sturgeon_-_Skull.jpg/250px-NIE_1905_Sturgeon_-_Skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/NIE_1905_Sturgeon_-_Skull.jpg/375px-NIE_1905_Sturgeon_-_Skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/NIE_1905_Sturgeon_-_Skull.jpg/500px-NIE_1905_Sturgeon_-_Skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>Sturgeon skull – a, Rostrum; b, nasal capsule; c eye-socket; d, foramina for spinal nerves; e, notochord; g, quadrate bone; h, hyomandibular bone; i, mandible; j. basibranchials; k, ribs; l, hyoid bone; I, II, III, IV, V, branchial arches</figcaption></figure> <p>Sturgeons retain several primitive characteristics from the bony fishes. Along with other members of the <a href="/wiki/Subclass_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subclass (biology)">subclass</a> <a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a>, they are unique among bony fishes because their skeletons are almost entirely <a href="/wiki/Cartilaginous" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartilaginous">cartilaginous</a>. To maintain structure, sturgeons are one of few organisms to retain a post-embryonic <a href="/wiki/Notochord" title="Notochord">notochord</a> that acts like a soft spine running through the body. Notably, however, the cartilaginous skeleton is not a primitive character, but a derived one; sturgeon ancestors had bony skeletons.<sup id="cite_ref-HelfmanCollette2009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HelfmanCollette2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Finch1994_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finch1994-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McPhail2007_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McPhail2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also lack <a href="/wiki/Body_of_vertebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Body of vertebra">vertebral centra</a>, and are partially covered with five lateral rows of scutes rather than <a href="/wiki/Fish_scale" title="Fish scale">scales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VIMS_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VIMS-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also have four <a href="/wiki/Barbels" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbels">barbels</a>—sensory organs that precede their wide, toothless mouths. They navigate their riverine habitats traveling just off the bottom with their barbels dragging along gravel, or murky substrate. Sturgeon are recognizable for their elongated bodies, flattened <a href="/wiki/Rostrum_(anatomy)" title="Rostrum (anatomy)">rostra</a>, distinctive scutes and barbels, and elongated upper tail lobes. The skeletal support for the paired fins of ray-finned fish is inside the body wall, although the ray-like structures in the webbing of the fins can be seen externally. </p><p>Sturgeons are among the largest fish: some <a href="/wiki/Beluga_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Beluga sturgeon">beluga</a> (<i>Huso huso</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> reportedly attain over 5.5 metres (18 ft) and 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while for <a href="/wiki/Kaluga_(fish)" title="Kaluga (fish)">kaluga</a> (<i>H. dauricus</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Amur_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Amur River">Amur River</a>, similar lengths and over 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) weights have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also among the longest-lived of the fishes, some living well over 100 years and attaining sexual maturity at 20 years or more.<sup id="cite_ref-Berg_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berg-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combination of slow growth and reproductive rates and the extremely high value placed on mature, egg-bearing females make sturgeon particularly vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>. </p><p>Sturgeons are <a href="/wiki/Polyploidy" title="Polyploidy">polyploid</a>; some species have four, eight, or 16 sets of chromosomes.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_cycle">Life cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Life cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sturgeons are long-lived, late maturing fishes. Their average lifespan is 50 to 60 years, and their first <a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">spawn</a> does not occur until they are around 15 to 20 years old. Sturgeons are broadcast spawners, and do not spawn every year because they require specific conditions. Those requirements may or may not be met every year due to varying environmental conditions, such as the proper <a href="/wiki/Photoperiod" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoperiod">photoperiod</a> in spring, clear water with shallow rock or gravel <a href="/wiki/Substrate_(marine_biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Substrate (marine biology)">substrate</a>, where the eggs can adhere, and proper water temperature and flow for <a href="/wiki/Oxygenation_(environmental)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygenation (environmental)">oxygenation</a> of the eggs. A single female may release 100,000 to 3 million eggs, but not all will be fertilized. The fertilized eggs become sticky and adhere to the bottom substrate upon contact. Eight to 15 days are needed for the embryos to mature into <a href="/wiki/Larval_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Larval fish">larval fish</a>. During that time, they are dependent on their yolk sacs for nourishment.<sup id="cite_ref-BCME_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BCME-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HSBC_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSBC-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> River currents carry the larvae downstream into backwater areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">oxbows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slough_(hydrology)" title="Slough (hydrology)">sloughs</a>, where the free-swimming <a href="/wiki/Fry_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fry (biology)">fry</a> spend their first year feeding on insect larvae and <a href="/wiki/Crustacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacea">crustacea</a>. During their first year of growth, they reach 18 to 20 cm (7 to 8 in) in length and migrate back into the swift-flowing currents in the <a href="/wiki/Main_stem" title="Main stem">main stem</a> river.<sup id="cite_ref-govinfo_1976_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govinfo_1976-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sturgeon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sturgeon.jpg/220px-Sturgeon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sturgeon.jpg/330px-Sturgeon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sturgeon.jpg/440px-Sturgeon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1324" /></a><figcaption>The underside and mouth of a sturgeon</figcaption></figure> <p>Sturgeons are primarily <a href="/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">benthic</a> feeders, with a diet of shellfish, crustaceans, and small fish. Exceptionally, both <i>Huso</i> species, the <a href="/wiki/White_sturgeon" title="White sturgeon">white sturgeon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pallid_sturgeon" title="Pallid sturgeon">pallid sturgeon</a> feed primarily on other fish as adults. They feed by extending their siphon-like mouths to suck food from the <a href="/wiki/Benthos" title="Benthos">benthos</a>. Having no teeth, they are unable to seize prey, though larger individuals and more predatory species can swallow very large prey items, including whole <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sturgeons feed non-visually. They are believed to use a combination of sensors, including olfactory, tactile, and chemosensory cues detected by the four barbels, and <a href="/wiki/Electroreception" class="mw-redirect" title="Electroreception">electroreception</a> using their <a href="/wiki/Ampullae_of_Lorenzini" title="Ampullae of Lorenzini">ampullae of Lorenzini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sturgeons' electroreceptors are located on the head and are sensitive to weak electric fields generated by other animals or geoelectric sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Herzog_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herzog-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electroreceptors are thought to be used in various behaviors such as feeding, mating and migration.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many sturgeons leap completely out of the water,<sup id="cite_ref-Video_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Video-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually making a loud splash which can be heard half a mile away on the surface and probably farther under water. Why they do this is not known, but suggested functions include group communication to maintain group cohesion, catching airborne prey, <a href="/wiki/Courtship_display" title="Courtship display">courtship display</a>, or to help shed eggs during spawning. Other plausible explanations include escape from predators, shedding parasites, or to gulp or expel air.<sup id="cite_ref-Sulak_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sulak-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another explanation is that it "simply feels good".<sup id="cite_ref-Waldman_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been some incidents of leaping sturgeon landing in boats and causing injuries to humans;<sup id="cite_ref-injuries_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-injuries-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2015, a 5-year-old girl was fatally injured after a sturgeon leapt from the <a href="/wiki/Suwannee_River" title="Suwannee River">Suwannee River</a> and struck her.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatality_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatality-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:40em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""><p> In 1731, an observer of leaping sturgeon wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>...in May, June and July, the rivers abound with them, at which time it is surprising, though very common to see such large fish elated in the air, by their leaping some yards out of the water; this they do in an erect posture, and fall on their sides, which repeated percussions are loudly heard some miles distance....</i><sup id="cite_ref-Waldman_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldman-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions_with_humans">Interactions with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interactions with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caviar_and_spoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Caviar_and_spoon.jpg/220px-Caviar_and_spoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Caviar_and_spoon.jpg/330px-Caviar_and_spoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Caviar_and_spoon.jpg/440px-Caviar_and_spoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="2127" /></a><figcaption>The demand for <a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">caviar</a> has driven several species of sturgeon toward <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caviar">Caviar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Caviar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VOA_-_Caviar_farm_in_South_Korea_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VOA_-_Caviar_farm_in_South_Korea_-_2.jpg/220px-VOA_-_Caviar_farm_in_South_Korea_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VOA_-_Caviar_farm_in_South_Korea_-_2.jpg/330px-VOA_-_Caviar_farm_in_South_Korea_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/VOA_-_Caviar_farm_in_South_Korea_-_2.jpg/440px-VOA_-_Caviar_farm_in_South_Korea_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Beluga sturgeon at a caviar farm in South Korea.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SturgeonTurkmarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SturgeonTurkmarket.jpg/225px-SturgeonTurkmarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SturgeonTurkmarket.jpg/338px-SturgeonTurkmarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SturgeonTurkmarket.jpg/450px-SturgeonTurkmarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>Woman selling sturgeon at a market in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenba%C5%9Fy,_Turkmenistan" title="Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan">Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Globally, sturgeon fisheries are of great value, primarily as a source for <a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">caviar</a>, but also for flesh.<sup id="cite_ref-Profita_2015_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Profita_2015-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several species of sturgeon are harvested for their roe which is processed into caviar—a <a href="/wiki/Delicacy" title="Delicacy">delicacy</a>, and the reason why caviar-producing sturgeons are among the most valuable and endangered of all wildlife resources.<sup id="cite_ref-CITES_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITES-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century, the US was the global leader in caviar production, having cornered 90% of the world's caviar trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Mizerek_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mizerek-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atlantic sturgeon once thrived along the east coast from Canada down to <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. They were in such abundance in the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> that they were <a href="/wiki/Culinary_name#Humor" title="Culinary name">humorously called</a> "Albany beef" and sturgeon eggs were given away at local bars as an accompaniment to 5¢ beer.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleiman_1990_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleiman_1990-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White sturgeon populations along the US west coast declined simultaneously under the pressure of commercial fishing and human encroachment. Within the course of a century, the once abundant sturgeon fisheries in the US and Canada had drastically declined, and in some areas had been extirpated under the pressure of commercial overharvesting, pollution, human encroachment, habitat loss, and the damming of rivers that blocked their ancestral migration to spawning grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Mizerek_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mizerek-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fox_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the turn of the century, commercial production of sturgeon caviar in the US and Canada had come to an end. Regulatory protections and conservation efforts were put in place by state and federal resource agencies in the US and Canada, such as the 1998 US federal moratorium that closed all commercial fishing for Atlantic sturgeon.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during the 20th century that Russia grew to become the global leader as the largest producer and exporter of caviar.<sup id="cite_ref-Mizerek_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mizerek-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with the decline in sturgeon populations in the US and Canada, the same occurred with sturgeon populations in the Caspian Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-CITES_2010_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITES_2010-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning with the 1979 US embargo on Iran, <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> and smuggling sturgeon caviar was big business but an illegal and dangerous one.<sup id="cite_ref-Washington_Post_1979_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post_1979-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officers with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife" title="Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife">Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife</a> (WDFW) busted a poaching ring that was based in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver, Washington</a>. The poachers had harvested 1.65 tons of caviar from nearly 2,000 white sturgeon that were poached from the Columbia River. The caviar was estimated to be worth around $2 million. WDFW busted another ring in 2003, and conducted an undercover sting operation in 2006–2007 that resulted in 17 successful attempts out of a total of 19.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR.org_2015_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR.org_2015-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to concerns over the future of sturgeons and associated commercial products, international trade for all species of sturgeons has been regulated under <a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-CITES_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITES-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sturgeons are threatened by the negative impacts of overfishing, poaching, <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>, and the construction of dams that have altered or blocked their annual migration to ancestral spawning grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PISCES_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PISCES-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species of sturgeon are extinct, and several are on the verge of extinction, including the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_sturgeon" title="Chinese sturgeon">Chinese sturgeon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Griggs_2014_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griggs_2014-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the highly prized beluga sturgeon,<sup id="cite_ref-ScienceDaily_2019_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScienceDaily_2019-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_sturgeon" title="Alabama sturgeon">Alabama sturgeon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Program_2010_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Program_2010-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many species are classified as threatened or endangered, with noticeable declines in sturgeon populations as the demand for caviar increases. <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> data indicates that over 85% of sturgeon species are at risk of extinction, making them more critically endangered than any other group of animal species.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to global restocking efforts, the monitoring of populations and habitat, and various other conservation efforts by national and state resource agencies as applicable to their respective countries, several conservation organizations have been formed to assist in the preservation of sturgeons around the world. On a global scale, one such organization is the <a href="/wiki/World_Sturgeon_Conservation_Society" title="World Sturgeon Conservation Society">World Sturgeon Conservation Society</a> (WSCS) whose primary objectives include fostering the "conservation of sturgeon species and restoration of sturgeon stocks world-wide", and supporting the "information exchange among all persons interested in sturgeons."<sup id="cite_ref-WSCS_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSCS-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North American Sturgeon and Paddlefish Society (NASPS)<sup id="cite_ref-Area_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Gesellschaft zur Rettung des Störs e.V.<sup id="cite_ref-Startseite_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Startseite-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are WSCS affiliates. WSCS has been instrumental in organizing global conferences where scientists and researchers can exchange information and address the various conservation challenges that threaten the future of sturgeons.<sup id="cite_ref-Area_2012_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area_2012-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservation efforts at the grass roots level are also instrumental in helping to preserve sturgeon populations, such as Sturgeon For Tomorrow<sup id="cite_ref-Fond_du_Lac_and_the_Lake_Winnebago_Region,_Wisconsin,_Tourism_and_Conventions_in_Fond_du_Lac,_WI_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fond_du_Lac_and_the_Lake_Winnebago_Region,_Wisconsin,_Tourism_and_Conventions_in_Fond_du_Lac,_WI-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was founded in 1977, consists of volunteers and a sturgeon guarding program to monitor known spawning sites. The organization has grown exponentially over the years and has become "the largest citizen advocacy group for sturgeon in the world", and has expanded with affiliate chapters in other states that have sturgeon populations.<sup id="cite_ref-SFT_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFT-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Card_2012_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Card_2012-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other projects focus on specific local issues, such as the We Pass project, seeking a solution to the migratory impasse represented by the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gates" title="Iron Gates">Iron Gates</a> in the Danube River Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, currently all anadromous <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> sturgeon (all species except the predominantly freshwater sterlet) are now classed as Critically Endangered or extirpated from the upper and middle reaches of the Danube River above the dams.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AD_2023_-_Temsica_Amelberga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AD_2023_-_Temsica_Amelberga.jpg/170px-AD_2023_-_Temsica_Amelberga.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AD_2023_-_Temsica_Amelberga.jpg/255px-AD_2023_-_Temsica_Amelberga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AD_2023_-_Temsica_Amelberga.jpg/340px-AD_2023_-_Temsica_Amelberga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="1048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amalberga_of_Temse" title="Amalberga of Temse">St Amalberga</a> riding a sturgeon</figcaption></figure> <p>Before 1800, <a href="/wiki/Swim_bladders" class="mw-redirect" title="Swim bladders">swim bladders</a> of sturgeon (primarily Beluga sturgeon from Russia) were used as a source of <a href="/wiki/Isinglass" title="Isinglass">isinglass</a>, a form of collagen used historically for the <a href="/wiki/Clarification_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarification (wine)">clarification</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>, as a predecessor for <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>, and to preserve <a href="/wiki/Parchments" class="mw-redirect" title="Parchments">parchments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jewish laws of <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a>, which only permit the consumption of fish with both scales and fins, forbids sturgeon, as they have <a href="/wiki/Ganoid_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganoid scale">ganoid scales</a> instead of the permitted <a href="/wiki/Ctenoid_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenoid scale">ctenoid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cycloid_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycloid scale">cycloid scales</a>. While all <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> groups forbid the consumption of sturgeon, some <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> groups do allow it.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theological debate over its kosher status can be traced back to such 19th-century reformers as <a href="/wiki/Aron_Chorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aron Chorin">Aron Chorin</a>, though its consumption was already common in European Jewish communities.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sturgeons were declared to be a <a href="/wiki/Royal_fish" title="Royal fish">royal fish</a> under a statute dating back to 1324 by King <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a>. Technically, the British monarchy still owns all sturgeons, <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a> that inhabit the waters around <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Price_2016_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Price_2016-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_2004_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_2004-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the law of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, any sturgeons captured within the realm are personal property of the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar laws reserving sturgeon for the king were enforced in late medieval Denmark. An archaeological example of sturgeon in a royal context comes from the wreck of the Danish-Norwegian flagship, <a href="/wiki/Gribshunden" title="Gribshunden">Gribshunden</a>, which sank in June 1495 while King Hans sailed from Copenhagen to Kalmar, Sweden for a diplomatic summit. Archaeologists recovered from the wreck a cask containing a butchered sturgeon, probably intended for the king's table during feasts in Kalmar.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In heraldry, a sturgeon is the symbol on the coat of arms for Saint <a href="/wiki/Amalberga_of_Temse" title="Amalberga of Temse">Amalberga of Temse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornwell_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornwell-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sturgeon"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sturgeon">"Sturgeon" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sturgeon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalloryAdams1997" class="citation book cs1">Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). <i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture</i>. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 550. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-98-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-98-2"><bdi>1-884964-98-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indo-European+culture&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=550&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-884964-98-2&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft.au=Adams%2C+Douglas+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick,_NikiDrzewinski,_PiaHurt,_Leigh_Ann2010" class="citation web cs1">Chadwick, Niki; Drzewinski, Pia; Hurt, Leigh Ann (March 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucn.org/?4928/Sturgeon-more-critically-endangered-than-any-other-group-of-species">"Sturgeon More Critically Endangered Than Any Other Group of Species"</a>. <i>International News Release</i>. International Union for Conservation of Nature<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+News+Release&rft.atitle=Sturgeon+More+Critically+Endangered+Than+Any+Other+Group+of+Species&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+Niki&rft.au=Drzewinski%2C+Pia&rft.au=Hurt%2C+Leigh+Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucn.org%2F%3F4928%2FSturgeon-more-critically-endangered-than-any-other-group-of-species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WashingtonEdu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WashingtonEdu_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.washington.edu/fish311/FISH%20311%20files/08-Primitive%20bony.pdf">"Biology of Fishes (chapter: Biodiversity II: Primitive Bony Fishes and The Rise of Modern Teleosts)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Washington<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Fishes+%28chapter%3A+Biodiversity+II%3A+Primitive+Bony+Fishes+and+The+Rise+of+Modern+Teleosts%29&rft.pub=University+of+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcourses.washington.edu%2Ffish311%2FFISH%2520311%2520files%2F08-Primitive%2520bony.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartill2023" class="citation journal cs1">Martill, D. M. (2023). "A sturgeon (Actinopterygii, Acipenseriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Africa". <i>Cretaceous Research</i>. <b>148</b>. 105546. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023CrRes.14805546M">2023CrRes.14805546M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2023.105546">10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105546</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257863907">257863907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cretaceous+Research&rft.atitle=A+sturgeon+%28Actinopterygii%2C+Acipenseriformes%29+from+the+Upper+Cretaceous+of+Africa&rft.volume=148&rft.pages=105546&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A257863907%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2023.105546&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023CrRes.14805546M&rft.aulast=Martill&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiltonGrandeJin2021" class="citation journal cs1">Hilton, Eric J.; Grande, Lance; Jin, Fan (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022336020000803/type/journal_article">"Redescription of † Yanosteus longidorsalis Jin et al., (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes, †Peipiaosteidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China"</a>. <i>Journal of Paleontology</i>. <b>95</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">170–</span>183. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JPal...95..170H">2021JPal...95..170H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fjpa.2020.80">10.1017/jpa.2020.80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3360">0022-3360</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225158727">225158727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Redescription+of+%E2%80%A0+Yanosteus+longidorsalis+Jin+et+al.%2C+%28Chondrostei%2C+Acipenseriformes%2C+%E2%80%A0Peipiaosteidae%29+from+the+Early+Cretaceous+of+China&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E170-%3C%2Fspan%3E183&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fjpa.2020.80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225158727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-3360&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021JPal...95..170H&rft.aulast=Hilton&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rft.au=Grande%2C+Lance&rft.au=Jin%2C+Fan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0022336020000803%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVavrekMurrayBell2014" class="citation journal cs1">Vavrek, Matthew J.; Murray, Alison M.; Bell, Phil R. (July 2014). Sues, Hans-Dieter (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjes-2014-0052">"An early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) sturgeon (Acipenseriformes) from the Dunvegan Formation, northwestern Alberta, Canada"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences</i>. <b>51</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">677–</span>681. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CaJES..51..677V">2014CaJES..51..677V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fcjes-2014-0052">10.1139/cjes-2014-0052</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-4077">0008-4077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=An+early+Late+Cretaceous+%28Cenomanian%29+sturgeon+%28Acipenseriformes%29+from+the+Dunvegan+Formation%2C+northwestern+Alberta%2C+Canada&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E677-%3C%2Fspan%3E681&rft.date=2014-07&rft.issn=0008-4077&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fcjes-2014-0052&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014CaJES..51..677V&rft.aulast=Vavrek&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft.au=Murray%2C+Alison+M.&rft.au=Bell%2C+Phil+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrcresearchpress.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1139%2Fcjes-2014-0052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. G. Gardiner (1984) Sturgeons as living fossils. Pp. 148–152 in N. Eldredge and S.M. Stanley, eds. Living fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krieger-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-krieger_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krieger_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKriegerFuerst2002" class="citation journal cs1">Krieger, J.; Fuerst, P.A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a004146">"Evidence for a Slowed Rate of Molecular Evolution in the Order Acipenseriformes"</a>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>19</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">891–</span>897. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a004146">10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004146</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032245">12032245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+Slowed+Rate+of+Molecular+Evolution+in+the+Order+Acipenseriformes&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E891-%3C%2Fspan%3E897&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a004146&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12032245&rft.aulast=Krieger&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Fuerst%2C+P.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Foxfordjournals.molbev.a004146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HelfmanCollette2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HelfmanCollette2009_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HelfmanCollette2009_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGene_HelfmanBruce_B._ColletteDouglas_E._FaceyBrian_W._Bowen2009" class="citation book cs1">Gene Helfman; Bruce B. Collette; Douglas E. Facey; Brian W. Bowen (April 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FyehAR6hsUUC&pg=PA252"><i>The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 252–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1190-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1190-7"><bdi>978-1-4443-1190-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diversity+of+Fishes%3A+Biology%2C+Evolution%2C+and+Ecology&rft.pages=252-&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009-04-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-1190-7&rft.au=Gene+Helfman&rft.au=Bruce+B.+Collette&rft.au=Douglas+E.+Facey&rft.au=Brian+W.+Bowen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFyehAR6hsUUC%26pg%3DPA252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craniata-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Craniata_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130423002203/http://userwww.sfsu.edu/biol240/labs/lab_21chordatediversity/pages/craniata.html">"Craniata, (2) Subclass Actinopterygii-the ray-finned fishes"</a>. San Francisco State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://userwww.sfsu.edu/biol240/labs/lab_21chordatediversity/pages/craniata.html">the original</a> on April 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Craniata%2C+%282%29+Subclass+Actinopterygii-the+ray-finned+fishes&rft.pub=San+Francisco+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuserwww.sfsu.edu%2Fbiol240%2Flabs%2Flab_21chordatediversity%2Fpages%2Fcraniata.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bemis-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bemis_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBemisFindeisGrande1997" class="citation journal cs1">Bemis, W. E.; Findeis, E. K.; Grande, L. (1997). "An overview of Acipenseriformes". <i>Environmental Biology of Fishes</i>. <b>48</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">25–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997EnvBF..48...25B">1997EnvBF..48...25B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1007370213924">10.1023/A:1007370213924</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24961905">24961905</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+Acipenseriformes&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24961905%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1007370213924&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997EnvBF..48...25B&rft.aulast=Bemis&rft.aufirst=W.+E.&rft.au=Findeis%2C+E.+K.&rft.au=Grande%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontanaTagliaviniCongiu2001" class="citation journal cs1">Fontana, F.; Tagliavini, J.; Congiu, L. (2001). "Sturgeon genetics and cytogenetics: recent advancements and perspectives". <i>Genetica</i>. <b>111</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">359–</span>373. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1013711919443">10.1023/a:1013711919443</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11841180">11841180</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:569847">569847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetica&rft.atitle=Sturgeon+genetics+and+cytogenetics%3A+recent+advancements+and+perspectives&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E359-%3C%2Fspan%3E373&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A569847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11841180&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2Fa%3A1013711919443&rft.aulast=Fontana&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Tagliavini%2C+J.&rft.au=Congiu%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PNAS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PNAS_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNAS_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_J._Near2012" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas J. Near; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427055">"Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. <b>109</b> (34): <span class="nowrap">13698–</span>13703. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PNAS..10913698N">2012PNAS..10913698N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1206625109">10.1073/pnas.1206625109</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427055">3427055</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22869754">22869754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=Resolution+of+ray-finned+fish+phylogeny+and+timing+of+diversification&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13698-%3C%2Fspan%3E13703&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3427055%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22869754&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1206625109&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PNAS..10913698N&rft.au=Thomas+J.+Near&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3427055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOL-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TOL_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetancur2013" class="citation journal cs1">Betancur, Ricardo (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644299">"The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes"</a>. <i>PLOS Currents Tree of Life</i>. <b>5</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fcurrents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288">10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F150563">2027.42/150563</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644299">3644299</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23653398">23653398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Currents+Tree+of+Life&rft.atitle=The+Tree+of+Life+and+a+New+Classification+of+Bony+Fishes&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3644299%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23653398&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F150563&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fcurrents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288&rft.aulast=Betancur&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3644299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laurin&reisz1995-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laurin&reisz1995_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurin,_M.Reisz,_R.R.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Laurin, M.; Reisz, R.R. (1995). "A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny". <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>113</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">165–</span>223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x">10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=A+reevaluation+of+early+amniote+phylogeny&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E223&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x&rft.au=Laurin%2C+M.&rft.au=Reisz%2C+R.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fishbase-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/OrdersSummary.php?order=Acipenseriformes">"Order Acipenseriformes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. December 2016 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Order+Acipenseriformes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2FSummary%2FOrdersSummary.php%3Forder%3DAcipenseriformes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuoLiZhaoZhao2019" class="citation journal cs1">Luo, Dehuai; Li, Yanping; Zhao, Qingyuan; Zhao, Lianpeng; Ludwig, Arne; Peng, Zuogang (January 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356338">"Highly Resolved Phylogenetic Relationships within Order Acipenseriformes According to Novel Nuclear Markers"</a>. <i>Genes</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fgenes10010038">10.3390/genes10010038</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2073-4425">2073-4425</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356338">6356338</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30634684">30634684</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes&rft.atitle=Highly+Resolved+Phylogenetic+Relationships+within+Order+Acipenseriformes+According+to+Novel+Nuclear+Markers&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2019-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6356338%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2073-4425&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30634684&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fgenes10010038&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Dehuai&rft.au=Li%2C+Yanping&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Qingyuan&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Lianpeng&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+Arne&rft.au=Peng%2C+Zuogang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6356338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenYangLiuChen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Shen, Yanjun; Yang, Na; Liu, Zhihao; Chen, Qiliang; Li, Yingwen (September 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2020.02.017">"Phylogenetic perspective on the relationships and evolutionary history of the Acipenseriformes"</a>. <i>Genomics</i>. <b>112</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">3511–</span>3517. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2020.02.017">10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.017</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0888-7543">0888-7543</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32105795">32105795</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211555175">211555175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genomics&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+perspective+on+the+relationships+and+evolutionary+history+of+the+Acipenseriformes&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3511-%3C%2Fspan%3E3517&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.issn=0888-7543&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211555175%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32105795&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2020.02.017&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Yanjun&rft.au=Yang%2C+Na&rft.au=Liu%2C+Zhihao&rft.au=Chen%2C+Qiliang&rft.au=Li%2C+Yingwen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ygeno.2020.02.017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNedoluzhkoSharkoTsygankovaBoulygina2020" class="citation journal cs1">Nedoluzhko, Artem V.; Sharko, Fedor S.; Tsygankova, Svetlana V.; Boulygina, Eugenia S.; Barmintseva, Anna E.; Krasivskaya, Anna A.; Ibragimova, Amina S.; Gruzdeva, Natalia M.; Rastorguev, Sergey M.; Mugue, Nikolai S. (January 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6971001">"Molecular phylogeny of one extinct and two critically endangered Central Asian sturgeon species (genus Pseudoscaphirhynchus ) based on their mitochondrial genomes"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 722. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatSR..10..722N">2020NatSR..10..722N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-57581-y">10.1038/s41598-020-57581-y</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6971001">6971001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31959974">31959974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Molecular+phylogeny+of+one+extinct+and+two+critically+endangered+Central+Asian+sturgeon+species+%28genus+Pseudoscaphirhynchus+%29+based+on+their+mitochondrial+genomes&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=722&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6971001%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatSR..10..722N&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31959974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-020-57581-y&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Nedoluzhko&rft.aufirst=Artem+V.&rft.au=Sharko%2C+Fedor+S.&rft.au=Tsygankova%2C+Svetlana+V.&rft.au=Boulygina%2C+Eugenia+S.&rft.au=Barmintseva%2C+Anna+E.&rft.au=Krasivskaya%2C+Anna+A.&rft.au=Ibragimova%2C+Amina+S.&rft.au=Gruzdeva%2C+Natalia+M.&rft.au=Rastorguev%2C+Sergey+M.&rft.au=Mugue%2C+Nikolai+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6971001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownsteinNear2024" class="citation journal cs1">Brownstein, Chase D.; Near, Thomas J. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/records/13684043">"Towards a phylogenetic taxonomy of sturgeons (Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae)"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History</i>. <b>66</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/Bulletin%20of%20the%20Peabody%20Museum%20of%20Natural%20History">Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History</a> (inactive February 26, 2025). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2162-4135">2162-4135</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Peabody+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Towards+a+phylogenetic+taxonomy+of+sturgeons+%28Acipenseriformes%3A+Acipenseridae%29&rft.volume=66&rft.date=2024&rft.issn=2162-4135&rft.aulast=Brownstein&rft.aufirst=Chase+D.&rft.au=Near%2C+Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecords%2F13684043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|doi=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_doi" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2025 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_February_2025" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2025">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.showFile&rep=file&fil=LIFE04_NAT_IT_000126_LAYMAN_IT.pdf">"LIFE 04NAT/IT/000126 "Conservation and Breeding of Italian Cobice Endemic Sturgeon"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LIFE+04NAT%2FIT%2F000126+%22Conservation+and+Breeding+of+Italian+Cobice+Endemic+Sturgeon%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenvironment%2Flife%2Fproject%2FProjects%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dhome.showFile%26rep%3Dfile%26fil%3DLIFE04_NAT_IT_000126_LAYMAN_IT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berg-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berg_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berg_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berg, L.S. (1962). Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd., Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurtzev1999" class="citation journal cs1">Burtzev, LA. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00336.x">"The History of Global Sturgeon Aquaculture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Applied_Ichthyology" title="Journal of Applied Ichthyology">Journal of Applied Ichthyology</a></i>. <b>15</b> (<span class="nowrap">4–</span>5): 325. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JApIc..15..325B">1999JApIc..15..325B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00336.x">10.1111/j.1439-0426.1999.tb00336.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ichthyology&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Global+Sturgeon+Aquaculture&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pages=325&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00336.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999JApIc..15..325B&rft.aulast=Burtzev&rft.aufirst=LA.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00336.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDukeAndersEnnisHallock1999" class="citation journal cs1">Duke, S.; Anders, P.; Ennis, G.; Hallock, R.; Hammond, J.; Ireland, S.; Laufle, J.; Lauzier, R.; Lockhard, L.; Marotz, B.; Paragamian, V.L.; Westerhof, R. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00226.x">"Recovery plan for Kootenai River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Applied_Ichthyology" title="Journal of Applied Ichthyology">Journal of Applied Ichthyology</a></i>. <b>15</b> (<span class="nowrap">4–</span>5): <span class="nowrap">157–</span>163. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JApIc..15..157D">1999JApIc..15..157D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00226.x">10.1111/j.1439-0426.1999.tb00226.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ichthyology&rft.atitle=Recovery+plan+for+Kootenai+River+white+sturgeon+%28Acipenser+transmontanus%29&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E163&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00226.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999JApIc..15..157D&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Anders%2C+P.&rft.au=Ennis%2C+G.&rft.au=Hallock%2C+R.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+J.&rft.au=Ireland%2C+S.&rft.au=Laufle%2C+J.&rft.au=Lauzier%2C+R.&rft.au=Lockhard%2C+L.&rft.au=Marotz%2C+B.&rft.au=Paragamian%2C+V.L.&rft.au=Westerhof%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1439-0426.1999.tb00226.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.I. Ruban, 1999. The Siberian Sturgeon <i>Acipenser baerii Brandt</i>: Structure and Ecology of the Species, Moscow, GEOS. 235 pp (in Russian).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finch1994-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finch1994_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaleb_E._Finch1994" class="citation book cs1">Caleb E. Finch (May 16, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_JkMRundeNcC&pg=PA134"><i>Longevity, Senescence, and the Genome</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 134–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-24889-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-24889-9"><bdi>978-0-226-24889-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longevity%2C+Senescence%2C+and+the+Genome&rft.pages=134-&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1994-05-16&rft.isbn=978-0-226-24889-9&rft.au=Caleb+E.+Finch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_JkMRundeNcC%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McPhail2007-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McPhail2007_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._D._McPhail2007" class="citation book cs1">J. D. McPhail (September 28, 2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshwaterfishes00mcph"><i>Freshwater Fishes of British Columbia (The)</i></a></span>. University of Alberta. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freshwaterfishes00mcph/page/23">23</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88864-853-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88864-853-2"><bdi>978-0-88864-853-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freshwater+Fishes+of+British+Columbia+%28The%29&rft.pages=23-&rft.pub=University+of+Alberta&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft.isbn=978-0-88864-853-2&rft.au=J.+D.+McPhail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreshwaterfishes00mcph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VIMS-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VIMS_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809020555/http://www.vims.edu/research/facilities/fishcollection/highlights/atlantic_sturgeon.php">"Atlantic Sturgeon"</a>. Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vims.edu/research/facilities/fishcollection/highlights/atlantic_sturgeon.php">the original</a> on August 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlantic+Sturgeon&rft.pub=Virginia+Institute+of+Marine+Science&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vims.edu%2Fresearch%2Ffacilities%2Ffishcollection%2Fhighlights%2Fatlantic_sturgeon.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frimodt, C., (1995). Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krykhtin, M.L. and V.G. Svirskii (1997). Endemic sturgeons of the Amur River: kaluga, <i>Huso dauricus</i>, and Amur sturgeon, <i>Acipenser schrenckii</i>. Environ. Biol. Fish. 48(1/4):231-239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Rachel2004" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Rachel (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024153413/http://biology.mcgill.ca/undergra/c465a/biodiver/2000/shortnose-sturgeon/shortnose-sturgeon.htm">"Shortnose Sturgeon"</a>. McGill University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biology.mcgill.ca/undergra/c465a/biodiver/2000/shortnose-sturgeon/shortnose-sturgeon.htm">the original</a> on October 24, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shortnose+Sturgeon&rft.pub=McGill+University&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiology.mcgill.ca%2Fundergra%2Fc465a%2Fbiodiver%2F2000%2Fshortnose-sturgeon%2Fshortnose-sturgeon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BCME-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BCME_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180522054726/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/fishhabitats/sturgeon/">"Fish & Habitats– White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in British Columbia"</a>. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Ecosystems Branch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/fishhabitats/sturgeon/">the original</a> on May 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fish+%26+Habitats%E2%80%93+White+Sturgeon+%28Acipenser+transmontanus%29+in+British+Columbia&rft.pub=British+Columbia+Ministry+of+Environment%2C+Ecosystems+Branch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.gov.bc.ca%2Fwld%2Ffishhabitats%2Fsturgeon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HSBC-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HSBC_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hsbc.frasersturgeon.com/rhspsec/Lesson1/Articles/Article1.pdf">"Life Cycle of the White Sturgeon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>HSBC Fraser River Sturgeon Education Program</i>. Fraser River Conservation Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HSBC+Fraser+River+Sturgeon+Education+Program&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+of+the+White+Sturgeon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhsbc.frasersturgeon.com%2Frhspsec%2FLesson1%2FArticles%2FArticle1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-govinfo_1976-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-govinfo_1976_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CZIC-ql628-n8-h3-1980/html/CZIC-ql628-n8-h3-1980.htm">"Investigations of anadromous fishes of the Neuse River, North Carolina"</a>. <i>govinfo</i>. May 1, 1976<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=govinfo&rft.atitle=Investigations+of+anadromous+fishes+of+the+Neuse+River%2C+North+Carolina&rft.date=1976-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCZIC-ql628-n8-h3-1980%2Fhtml%2FCZIC-ql628-n8-h3-1980.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npafc.org/new/publications/Technical%20Report/TR4/page%2067-69(Zolotukhin).pdf">Sergei F. Zolotukhin and Nina F. Kaplanova. (2007) Injuries of Salmon in the Amur River and its Estuary as an Index of the Adult Fish Mortality in the Period of Sea Migrations. NPAFC Technical Report No. 4.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang,_X.Song,_J.Fan,_C.Guo,_H.2012" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, X.; Song, J.; Fan, C.; Guo, H.; Wang, X.; Bleckmann, H. (2012). "Use of electrosense in the feeding behavior of sturgeons". <i>Integrative Zoology</i>. <b>7</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">74–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-4877.2011.00272.x">10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00272.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22405450">22405450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrative+Zoology&rft.atitle=Use+of+electrosense+in+the+feeding+behavior+of+sturgeons&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E74-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-4877.2011.00272.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22405450&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X.&rft.au=Song%2C+J.&rft.au=Fan%2C+C.&rft.au=Guo%2C+H.&rft.au=Wang%2C+X.&rft.au=Bleckmann%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herzog-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herzog_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerzog,_H.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Herzog, H. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5560385">"Response properties of the electrosensory neurons in hindbrain of the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus"</a>. <i>Neuroscience Bulletin</i>. <b>27</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">422–</span>429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12264-011-1635-y">10.1007/s12264-011-1635-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5560385">5560385</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22108819">22108819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Response+properties+of+the+electrosensory+neurons+in+hindbrain+of+the+white+sturgeon%2C+Acipenser+transmontanus&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E422-%3C%2Fspan%3E429&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5560385%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22108819&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12264-011-1635-y&rft.au=Herzog%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5560385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Video-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Video_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSfo2cwXDo4">"The Gulf Sturgeon"</a>. October 7, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211103/jSfo2cwXDo4">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gulf+Sturgeon&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DjSfo2cwXDo4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sulak-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sulak_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSulakEdwardsHillRandall2002" class="citation journal cs1">Sulak, K. J.; Edwards, R. E.; Hill, G. W.; Randall, M. T. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1439-0426.2002.00401.x">"Why do sturgeons jump? Insights from acoustic investigations of the Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida, USA"</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Ichthyology</i>. <b>18</b> (<span class="nowrap">4–</span>6): <span class="nowrap">617–</span>620. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JApIc..18..617S">2002JApIc..18..617S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1439-0426.2002.00401.x">10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00401.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Ichthyology&rft.atitle=Why+do+sturgeons+jump%3F+Insights+from+acoustic+investigations+of+the+Gulf+sturgeon+in+the+Suwannee+River%2C+Florida%2C+USA&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E617-%3C%2Fspan%3E620&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1439-0426.2002.00401.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002JApIc..18..617S&rft.aulast=Sulak&rft.aufirst=K.+J.&rft.au=Edwards%2C+R.+E.&rft.au=Hill%2C+G.+W.&rft.au=Randall%2C+M.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1439-0426.2002.00401.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waldman-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waldman_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waldman_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman,_J.2001" class="citation web cs1">Waldman, J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/21/sports/outdoors-the-lofty-mystery-of-why-sturgeon-leap.html">"Outdoors: The lofty mystery of why sturgeon leap"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Outdoors%3A+The+lofty+mystery+of+why+sturgeon+leap&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Waldman%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F10%2F21%2Fsports%2Foutdoors-the-lofty-mystery-of-why-sturgeon-leap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-injuries-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-injuries_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson,_J._P.Burgess,_G.Winfield,_R._D.Lottenberg,_L.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, J. P.; Burgess, G.; Winfield, R. D. & <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lottenberg" title="Lawrence Lottenberg">Lottenberg, L</a>. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000313480907500306">"Sturgeons versus surgeons: leaping fish injuries at a level I trauma center"</a>. <i>The American Surgeon</i>. <b>75</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">220–</span>222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000313480907500306">10.1177/000313480907500306</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19350856">19350856</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33997325">33997325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Surgeon&rft.atitle=Sturgeons+versus+surgeons%3A+leaping+fish+injuries+at+a+level+I+trauma+center&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E220-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33997325%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19350856&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F000313480907500306&rft.au=Wilson%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Burgess%2C+G.&rft.au=Winfield%2C+R.+D.&rft.au=Lottenberg%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F000313480907500306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fatality-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fatality_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sturgeon-florida/leaping-sturgeon-kills-five-year-old-girl-boating-in-florida-idUSKCN0PE0UY20150704">"Leaping sturgeon kills five-year-old girl boating in Florida"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Leaping+sturgeon+kills+five-year-old+girl+boating+in+Florida&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-sturgeon-florida%2Fleaping-sturgeon-kills-five-year-old-girl-boating-in-florida-idUSKCN0PE0UY20150704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Profita_2015-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Profita_2015_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProfita2015" class="citation web cs1">Profita, Cassandra (May 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417191838/https://www.opb.org/news/series/wildlife-detectives/worlds-appetite-for-caviar-sends-poachers-after-columbia-river-sturgeon/">"World's Appetite For Caviar Sends Poachers After Columbia River Sturgeon"</a>. <i>OPB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/news/series/wildlife-detectives/worlds-appetite-for-caviar-sends-poachers-after-columbia-river-sturgeon/">the original</a> on April 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OPB&rft.atitle=World%27s+Appetite+For+Caviar+Sends+Poachers+After+Columbia+River+Sturgeon&rft.date=2015-05-16&rft.aulast=Profita&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Fnews%2Fseries%2Fwildlife-detectives%2Fworlds-appetite-for-caviar-sends-poachers-after-columbia-river-sturgeon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITES-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CITES_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITES_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cites.org/eng/prog/sturgeon.php">"Sturgeons"</a>. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sturgeons&rft.pub=Convention+on+International+Trade+in+Endangered+Species+of+Wild+Fauna+and+Flora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cites.org%2Feng%2Fprog%2Fsturgeon.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mizerek-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mizerek_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mizerek_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mizerek_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMizerek2013" class="citation report cs1">Mizerek, Toni (December 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seafood.ocean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Sturgeon-White-Shovlnose-American-Paddlefish-US.pdf">White sturgeon, Shovelnose sturgeon, American Paddlefish</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Monterray Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch</i> (Report)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=White+sturgeon%2C+Shovelnose+sturgeon%2C+American+Paddlefish&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft.aulast=Mizerek&rft.aufirst=Toni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseafood.ocean.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F10%2FSturgeon-White-Shovlnose-American-Paddlefish-US.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kleiman_1990-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kleiman_1990_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleiman1990" class="citation web cs1">Kleiman, Dena (May 9, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/09/garden/caviar-black-gold-in-america.html">"Caviar: Black Gold In America"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Caviar%3A+Black+Gold+In+America&rft.date=1990-05-09&rft.aulast=Kleiman&rft.aufirst=Dena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F05%2F09%2Fgarden%2Fcaviar-black-gold-in-america.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoxStoweDuntonPeterson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Fox, Adam G.; Stowe, Edward S.; Dunton, Keith; Peterson, Douglas L. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/1163/fox.pdf">"Seasonal occurrence of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) in the St. Johns River, Florida"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fishery Bulletin</i>. <b>116</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">219–</span>227. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7755%2Ffb.116.3.1">10.7755/fb.116.3.1</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fishery+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Seasonal+occurrence+of+Atlantic+sturgeon+%28Acipenser+oxyrinchus+oxyrinchus%29+in+the+St.+Johns+River%2C+Florida&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E219-%3C%2Fspan%3E227&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7755%2Ffb.116.3.1&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Adam+G.&rft.au=Stowe%2C+Edward+S.&rft.au=Dunton%2C+Keith&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Douglas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.st.nmfs.noaa.gov%2Fspo%2FFishBull%2F1163%2Ffox.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITES_2010-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CITES_2010_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cites.org/eng/news/pr/2010/20100723_caviar.shtml">"Caspian States agree on quotas for wild caviar"</a>. <i>CITES</i>. July 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CITES&rft.atitle=Caspian+States+agree+on+quotas+for+wild+caviar&rft.date=2010-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cites.org%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fpr%2F2010%2F20100723_caviar.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington_Post_1979-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Washington_Post_1979_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranigin1979" class="citation news cs1">Branigin, William (June 14, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/06/14/and-poaching-pearls-from-the-caspian/c1c183d9-3aca-47b5-adab-3a91f9efa0e0/">"And Poaching 'Pearls From the Caspian'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=And+Poaching+%27Pearls+From+the+Caspian%27&rft.date=1979-06-14&rft.aulast=Branigin&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1979%2F06%2F14%2Fand-poaching-pearls-from-the-caspian%2Fc1c183d9-3aca-47b5-adab-3a91f9efa0e0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR.org_2015-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPR.org_2015_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/06/01/410593098/as-caviar-prices-skyrocket-sturgeon-poachers-invade-pacific-northwest">"As Caviar Prices Skyrocket, Sturgeon Poachers Invade Pacific Northwest"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. June 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=As+Caviar+Prices+Skyrocket%2C+Sturgeon+Poachers+Invade+Pacific+Northwest&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthesalt%2F2015%2F06%2F01%2F410593098%2Fas-caviar-prices-skyrocket-sturgeon-poachers-invade-pacific-northwest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/en">"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"</a>. <i>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=The+IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PISCES-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PISCES_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316013340/https://pisces.ucdavis.edu/content/acipenser-transmontanus">"Acipenser transmontanus"</a>. <i>PISCES</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pisces.ucdavis.edu/content/acipenser-transmontanus">the original</a> on March 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PISCES&rft.atitle=Acipenser+transmontanus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpisces.ucdavis.edu%2Fcontent%2Facipenser-transmontanus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clover, Charles. 2004. <i>The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat</i>. Ebury Press, London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-189780-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-189780-7">0-09-189780-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griggs_2014-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griggs_2014_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriggs2014" class="citation web cs1">Griggs, Mary Beth (September 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chinese-sturgeon-brink-extinction-after-140-million-years-180952715/">"Chinese Sturgeon Is on the Brink of Extinction After 140 Million Years"</a>. <i>Smithsonian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Chinese+Sturgeon+Is+on+the+Brink+of+Extinction+After+140+Million+Years&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft.aulast=Griggs&rft.aufirst=Mary+Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fchinese-sturgeon-brink-extinction-after-140-million-years-180952715%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScienceDaily_2019-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ScienceDaily_2019_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080304093748.htm">"Beluga Sturgeon Threatened With Extinction, Yet Caviar Quotas Remain Unchanged -- ScienceDaily"</a>. <i>ScienceDaily</i>. April 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceDaily&rft.atitle=Beluga+Sturgeon+Threatened+With+Extinction%2C+Yet+Caviar+Quotas+Remain+Unchanged+--+ScienceDaily&rft.date=2019-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2008%2F03%2F080304093748.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Program_2010-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Program_2010_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProgram2009" class="citation web cs1">Program, Pallid Sturgeon Recovery (December 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pallidsturgeon.org/about/related-species/">"Related Species"</a>. <i>Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Program</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pallid+Sturgeon+Recovery+Program&rft.atitle=Related+Species&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.aulast=Program&rft.aufirst=Pallid+Sturgeon+Recovery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pallidsturgeon.org%2Fabout%2Frelated-species%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iucn-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucn.org/content/sturgeon-more-critically-endangered-any-other-group-species">"Sturgeon more critically endangered than any other group of species"</a>. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature. March 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sturgeon+more+critically+endangered+than+any+other+group+of+species&rft.pub=IUCN%2C+International+Union+for+Conservation+of+Nature&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucn.org%2Fcontent%2Fsturgeon-more-critically-endangered-any-other-group-species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004231545/http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/species__status_and_population_trend_of_sturgeon_on_the_red_list.pdf">"Species, status and population trend of Sturgeon on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (pdf)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/species__status_and_population_trend_of_sturgeon_on_the_red_list.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species%2C+status+and+population+trend+of+Sturgeon+on+the+IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species+%28pdf%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcmsdata.iucn.org%2Fdownloads%2Fspecies__status_and_population_trend_of_sturgeon_on_the_red_list.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSCS-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSCS_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArea" class="citation web cs1">Area, Jam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wscs.info/about/who-we-are.aspx">"Who we are"</a>. <i>W.S.C.S., World Sturgeon Conservation Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W.S.C.S.%2C+World+Sturgeon+Conservation+Society&rft.atitle=Who+we+are&rft.aulast=Area&rft.aufirst=Jam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wscs.info%2Fabout%2Fwho-we-are.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Area-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArea" class="citation web cs1">Area, Jam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasps-sturgeon.org/about/who-we-are.aspx">"Who We Are"</a>. <i>North American Sturgeon and Paddlefish Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+American+Sturgeon+and+Paddlefish+Society&rft.atitle=Who+We+Are&rft.aulast=Area&rft.aufirst=Jam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasps-sturgeon.org%2Fabout%2Fwho-we-are.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Startseite-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Startseite_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419130216/http://www.sturgeon.de/">"Gesellschaft zur Rettung des Störs e.V."</a> <i>Startseite</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sturgeon.de/">the original</a> on April 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Startseite&rft.atitle=Gesellschaft+zur+Rettung+des+St%C3%B6rs+e.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sturgeon.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Area_2012-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_2012_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArea2012" class="citation web cs1">Area, Jam (March 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wscs.info/conferences/reports-on-past-conferences.aspx">"Reports on past conferences"</a>. <i>W.S.C.S., World Sturgeon Conservation Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W.S.C.S.%2C+World+Sturgeon+Conservation+Society&rft.atitle=Reports+on+past+conferences&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.aulast=Area&rft.aufirst=Jam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wscs.info%2Fconferences%2Freports-on-past-conferences.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fond_du_Lac_and_the_Lake_Winnebago_Region,_Wisconsin,_Tourism_and_Conventions_in_Fond_du_Lac,_WI-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fond_du_Lac_and_the_Lake_Winnebago_Region,_Wisconsin,_Tourism_and_Conventions_in_Fond_du_Lac,_WI_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419130216/https://www.fdl.com/sturgeonspearing/">"Sturgeon Spearing"</a>. <i>Fond du Lac and the Lake Winnebago Region, Wisconsin, Tourism and Conventions in Fond du Lac, WI</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fdl.com/sturgeonspearing/">the original</a> on April 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fond+du+Lac+and+the+Lake+Winnebago+Region%2C+Wisconsin%2C+Tourism+and+Conventions+in+Fond+du+Lac%2C+WI&rft.atitle=Sturgeon+Spearing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdl.com%2Fsturgeonspearing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFT-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFT_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/documents/sturgeon/VignetteSturgeonforTomorrow2016.pdf">"Sturgeon Vignette – Sturgeon for Tomorrow"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Wisconsin DNR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sturgeon+Vignette+%E2%80%93+Sturgeon+for+Tomorrow&rft.pub=Wisconsin+DNR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnr.wi.gov%2Ftopic%2Ffishing%2Fdocuments%2Fsturgeon%2FVignetteSturgeonforTomorrow2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Card_2012-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Card_2012_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCard2012" class="citation web cs1">Card, James (February 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/28/sports/spearing-sturgeon-on-wisconsins-lake-winnebago.html">"Spearing Sturgeon on Wisconsin's Lake Winnebago"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Spearing+Sturgeon+on+Wisconsin%27s+Lake+Winnebago&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft.aulast=Card&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F02%2F28%2Fsports%2Fspearing-sturgeon-on-wisconsins-lake-winnebago.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://we-pass.org/">"We Pass"</a>. <i>We Pass</i>. ICPDR. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=We+Pass&rft.atitle=We+Pass&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwe-pass.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogin2011" class="citation web cs1">Rogin, Raluca Elena (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/14_2011_conservation_use_of_sturgeon_l_danube_and_black_sea_rogin_norway.pdf">"Conservation and sustainable use of wild sturgeon populations of the NW Black Sea and Lower Danube River in Romania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Biology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conservation+and+sustainable+use+of+wild+sturgeon+populations+of+the+NW+Black+Sea+and+Lower+Danube+River+in+Romania&rft.pub=Norwegian+University+of+Science+and+Technology+Department+of+Biology&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Rogin&rft.aufirst=Raluca+Elena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawsassets.panda.org%2Fdownloads%2F14_2011_conservation_use_of_sturgeon_l_danube_and_black_sea_rogin_norway.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1999" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0/page/407">"Isinglass"</a></span>. <i>Oxford Companion to Food</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0/page/407">407</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211579-9"><bdi>978-0-19-211579-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isinglass&rft.btitle=Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211579-9&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00davi_0%2Fpage%2F407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluethread.com/kashrut/sturgeon.html">"Sturgeon: A controversial fish"</a>. <i>bluethread.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bluethread.com&rft.atitle=Sturgeon%3A+A+controversial+fish.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluethread.com%2Fkashrut%2Fsturgeon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLupovich2010" class="citation book cs1">Lupovich, Howard (2010). "7". <i>Jews and Judaism in World History</i>. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-86197-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-86197-4"><bdi>978-0-203-86197-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7&rft.btitle=Jews+and+Judaism+in+World+History&rft.pages=258&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-203-86197-4&rft.aulast=Lupovich&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_2016-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Price_2016_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2016" class="citation web cs1">Price, Rob (September 26, 2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/queen-elizabeth-ii-owns-every-dolphin-in-britain-and-doesnt-need-a-driving-license-here-are-the-a7331266.html">"The incredible powers you didn't know the Queen has"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/queen-elizabeth-ii-owns-every-dolphin-in-britain-and-doesnt-need-a-driving-license-here-are-the-a7331266.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+incredible+powers+you+didn%27t+know+the+Queen+has&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fqueen-elizabeth-ii-owns-every-dolphin-in-britain-and-doesnt-need-a-driving-license-here-are-the-a7331266.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_2004-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_2004_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/3773171.stm">"Police inquiry over sturgeon sale"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. June 3, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Police+inquiry+over+sturgeon+sale&rft.date=2004-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fwales%2F3773171.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">William Blackstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Laws_of_England" title="Commentaries on the Laws of England">Commentaries on the Laws of England</a>, book I, ch. 8 "Of the King's Revenue", ss. X, p. *280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacheridisHanssonFoley2020" class="citation journal cs1">Macheridis, Stella; Hansson, Maria C.; Foley, Brendan P. (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2020.102480">"Fish in a barrel: Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) from the Baltic Sea wreck of the royal Danish flagship Gribshunden (1495)"</a>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</i>. <b>33</b>: 102480. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JArSR..33j2480M">2020JArSR..33j2480M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2020.102480">10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102480</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2352-409X">2352-409X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science%3A+Reports&rft.atitle=Fish+in+a+barrel%3A+Atlantic+sturgeon+%28Acipenser+oxyrinchus%29+from+the+Baltic+Sea+wreck+of+the+royal+Danish+flagship+Gribshunden+%281495%29&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=102480&rft.date=2020-10&rft.issn=2352-409X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2020.102480&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020JArSR..33j2480M&rft.aulast=Macheridis&rft.aufirst=Stella&rft.au=Hansson%2C+Maria+C.&rft.au=Foley%2C+Brendan+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jasrep.2020.102480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornwell-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cornwell_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCromwell2009" class="citation book cs1">Cromwell, James (July 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J2kX8f3iJfEC&q=sturgeon+is+the+symbol+of+Saint+Amalberga+of+Temse&pg=PA21"><i>Saints, Signs, and Symbols: The Symbolic Language of Christian Art</i></a>. Church Publishing Inc. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819227652" title="Special:BookSources/9780819227652"><bdi>9780819227652</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints%2C+Signs%2C+and+Symbols%3A+The+Symbolic+Language+of+Christian+Art&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Church+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft.isbn=9780819227652&rft.aulast=Cromwell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ2kX8f3iJfEC%26q%3Dsturgeon%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bsymbol%2Bof%2BSaint%2BAmalberga%2Bof%2BTemse%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASturgeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acipenseridae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Acipenseridae">Acipenseridae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1905 <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Sturgeon" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/identification/specieslist.cfm?famcode=32&areacode=">FishBase info on Acipenser</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wscs.info/">Official website</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Sturgeon_Conservation_Society" title="World Sturgeon Conservation Society">World Sturgeon Conservation Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthwave.org/sturgeon_gallery">PBS special, video clips and public outreach videos about sturgeon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221005447/http://www.earthwave.org/sturgeon_gallery">Archived</a> February 21, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chondrostei224" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chondrostei" title="Template:Chondrostei"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chondrostei" title="Template talk:Chondrostei"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chondrostei" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chondrostei"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chondrostei224" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Actinopterygii_*_Clade:_Actinopteri224" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Actinopteri" title="Actinopteri">Actinopteri</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Actinopterygii39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Actinopterygian_genera" title="Template:Actinopterygian genera">Actinopterygii</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chondrostei102" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Birgeria" title="Birgeria">Birgeria</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Errolichthys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Errolichthys (page does not exist)">Errolichthys</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gualolepis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gualolepis (page does not exist)">Gualolepis</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neochallaia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neochallaia (page does not exist)">Neochallaia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b><a href="/wiki/Bobasatraniiformes" title="Bobasatraniiformes">Bobasatraniiformes</a></b>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b><a href="/wiki/Guildayichthyidae" title="Guildayichthyidae">Guildayichthyidae</a></b>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b><a href="/wiki/Saurichthyiformes" title="Saurichthyiformes">Saurichthyiformes</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Coccolepididae" title="Coccolepididae">Coccolepididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbalepis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbalepis (page does not exist)">Barbalepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coccolepis" title="Coccolepis">Coccolepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condorlepis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Condorlepis (page does not exist)">Condorlepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyalepis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iyalepis (page does not exist)">Iyalepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morrolepis" title="Morrolepis">Morrolepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plesiococcolepis" title="Plesiococcolepis">Plesiococcolepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunolepis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunolepis (page does not exist)">Sunolepis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toarcocephalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toarcocephalus (page does not exist)">Toarcocephalus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Acipenseriformes" title="Acipenseriformes">Acipenseriformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cylindracanthus" title="Cylindracanthus">Cylindracanthus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eochondrosteus" title="Eochondrosteus">Eochondrosteus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Chondrosteidae" title="Chondrosteidae">Chondrosteidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chondrosteus" title="Chondrosteus">Chondrosteus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gyrosteus" title="Gyrosteus">Gyrosteus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strongylosteus" title="Strongylosteus">Strongylosteus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Peipiaosteidae" title="Peipiaosteidae">Peipiaosteidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaosteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaosteus (page does not exist)">Liaosteus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peipiaosteus" title="Peipiaosteus">Peipiaosteus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spherosteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spherosteus (page does not exist)">Spherosteus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stichopterus" title="Stichopterus">Stichopterus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanosteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanosteus (page does not exist)">Yanosteus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acipenseroidei" class="mw-redirect" title="Acipenseroidei">Acipenseroidei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paddlefish" title="Paddlefish">Polyodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Crossopholis" title="Crossopholis">Crossopholis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paleopsephurus" title="Paleopsephurus">Paleopsephurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parapsephurus" title="Parapsephurus">Parapsephurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_paddlefish" title="American paddlefish">Polyodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protopsephurus" title="Protopsephurus">Protopsephurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_paddlefish" title="Chinese paddlefish">Psephurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pugiopsephurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pugiopsephurus (page does not exist)">Pugiopsephurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Acipenseridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser" title="Acipenser">Acipenser</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anchiacipenser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anchiacipenser (page does not exist)">Anchiacipenser</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engdahlichthys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engdahlichthys (page does not exist)">Engdahlichthys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huso" title="Huso">Huso</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Priscosturion" title="Priscosturion">Priscosturion</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protoscaphirhynchus" title="Protoscaphirhynchus">Protoscaphirhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus">Pseudoscaphirhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus" title="Scaphirhynchus">Scaphirhynchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FMIB_51725_Chondrosteus_acipeenseroides_Egerton_Family_Chondrosteidae.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chondrosteus acipenseroides"><img alt="Chondrosteus acipenseroides" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/FMIB_51725_Chondrosteus_acipeenseroides_Egerton_Family_Chondrosteidae.jpeg/140px-FMIB_51725_Chondrosteus_acipeenseroides_Egerton_Family_Chondrosteidae.jpeg" decoding="async" width="140" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/FMIB_51725_Chondrosteus_acipeenseroides_Egerton_Family_Chondrosteidae.jpeg/210px-FMIB_51725_Chondrosteus_acipeenseroides_Egerton_Family_Chondrosteidae.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/FMIB_51725_Chondrosteus_acipeenseroides_Egerton_Family_Chondrosteidae.jpeg/280px-FMIB_51725_Chondrosteus_acipeenseroides_Egerton_Family_Chondrosteidae.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psephurus_gladius_(flipped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psephurus gladius"><img alt="Psephurus gladius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Psephurus_gladius_%28flipped%29.jpg/140px-Psephurus_gladius_%28flipped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Psephurus_gladius_%28flipped%29.jpg/210px-Psephurus_gladius_%28flipped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Psephurus_gladius_%28flipped%29.jpg/280px-Psephurus_gladius_%28flipped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1985" data-file-height="709" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acipenser_fulvescens_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Acipenser fulvescens"><img alt="Acipenser fulvescens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Acipenser_fulvescens_1908.jpg/140px-Acipenser_fulvescens_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Acipenser_fulvescens_1908.jpg/210px-Acipenser_fulvescens_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Acipenser_fulvescens_1908.jpg/280px-Acipenser_fulvescens_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups293" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template talk:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups293" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Principal commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a> species groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Large pelagic fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna" title="Atlantic bluefin tuna">Atlantic bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_bluefin_tuna" title="Pacific bluefin tuna">Pacific bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">Menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">Sprat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_cod" title="Pacific cod">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">Rockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillaginidae" title="Sillaginidae">Smelt-whitings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothfish">Toothfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">Other wild fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">Prawns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_crustaceans" title="Category:Commercial crustaceans">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">Molluscs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_molluscs" title="Category:Commercial molluscs">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinoderms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_echinoderms" title="Category:Commercial echinoderms">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic cod"><img alt="Atlantic cod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/140px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/210px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/280px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobster"><img alt="Lobster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacific oysters"><img alt="Pacific oysters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/80px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/120px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/160px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Farmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">crucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">silver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">Gilt-head bream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">salmon trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">Commercial species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fishing topics by subject">Fishing topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries glossary">Fisheries glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recent_sturgeon_and_paddlefish_species250" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acipenseriformes" title="Template:Acipenseriformes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acipenseriformes" title="Template talk:Acipenseriformes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acipenseriformes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acipenseriformes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recent_sturgeon_and_paddlefish_species250" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recent <a href="/wiki/Acipenseriformes" title="Acipenseriformes">sturgeon and paddlefish</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">Vertebrata</a></li> <li>Superclass <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a></li> <li>Subclass <a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Acipenseridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acipenser" title="Acipenser">Acipenser</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_sturgeon" title="Siberian sturgeon">Siberian sturgeon (<i>A. baerii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortnose_sturgeon" title="Shortnose sturgeon">Shortnose sturgeon (<i>A. brevirostrum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabry%27s_sturgeon" title="Dabry's sturgeon">Dabry's sturgeon (<i>A. dabryanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_sturgeon" title="Lake sturgeon">Lake sturgeon (<i>A. fulvescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_sturgeon" title="Russian sturgeon">Russian sturgeon (<i>A. gueldenstaedtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_sturgeon" title="Green sturgeon">Green sturgeon (<i>A. medirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_sturgeon" title="Sakhalin sturgeon">Sakhalin sturgeon (<i>A. mikadoi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sturgeon" title="Japanese sturgeon">Japanese sturgeon (<i>A. multiscutatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_sturgeon" title="Adriatic sturgeon">Adriatic sturgeon (<i>A. naccarii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastard_sturgeon" title="Bastard sturgeon">Bastard sturgeon (<i>A. nudiventris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_sturgeon" title="Gulf sturgeon">Gulf sturgeon (<i>A. oxyrinchus desotoi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_sturgeon" title="Atlantic sturgeon">Atlantic sturgeon (<i>A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_sturgeon" title="Persian sturgeon">Persian sturgeon (<i>A. persicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterlet" title="Sterlet">Sterlet (<i>A. ruthenus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Amur sturgeon">Amur sturgeon (<i>A. schrenckii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sturgeon" title="Chinese sturgeon">Chinese sturgeon (<i>A. sinensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starry_sturgeon" title="Starry sturgeon">Starry sturgeon (<i>A. stellatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_sea_sturgeon" title="European sea sturgeon">European sea sturgeon (<i>A. sturio</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_sturgeon" title="White sturgeon">White sturgeon (<i>A. transmontanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Huso" title="Huso">Huso</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga_(fish)" title="Kaluga (fish)">Kaluga (<i>H. dauricus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beluga_(sturgeon)" title="Beluga (sturgeon)">Beluga (<i>H. huso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscaphirhynchus" title="Pseudoscaphirhynchus">Pseudo- <br /> scaphirhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya_sturgeon" title="Syr Darya sturgeon">Syr Darya sturgeon (<i>P. fedtschenkoi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_sturgeon" title="Dwarf sturgeon">Dwarf sturgeon (<i>P. hermanni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya_sturgeon" title="Amu Darya sturgeon">Amu Darya sturgeon (<i>P. kaufmanni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Scaphirhynchus" title="Scaphirhynchus">Scaphirhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallid_sturgeon" title="Pallid sturgeon">Pallid sturgeon (<i>S. albus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shovelnose_sturgeon" title="Shovelnose sturgeon">Shovelnose sturgeon (<i>S. platorynchus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_sturgeon" title="Alabama sturgeon">Alabama sturgeon (<i>S. suttkusi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polyodontidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyodontidae">Polyodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Polyodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyodon">Polyodon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_paddlefish" title="American paddlefish">American paddlefish (<i>P. spathula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Psephurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Psephurus">Psephurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_paddlefish" title="Chinese paddlefish">Chinese paddlefish (<i>P. gladius</i>)</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Acipenseridae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181871" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q181871">Q181871</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Acipenseridae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Acipenseridae">Acipenseridae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Acipenseridae/">Acipenseridae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id15444">15444</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=840">840</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5XM">5XM</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/8302">8302</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ACPNF">1ACPNF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:12011">12011</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/a8083b03-4e9a-4c7d-be98-ddbff88055fb">a8083b03-4e9a-4c7d-be98-ddbff88055fb</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2947">2947</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/49825">49825</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=114136">114136</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161064">161064</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000159295">NBNSYS0000159295</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=7900">7900</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=378907">378907</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63027">63027</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125424">125424</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1719" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181871#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Störe <Familie>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4183395-8">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sturgeons"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85129354">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Esturgeons"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944433q">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Esturgeons"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944433q">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00577358">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="jeseterovití"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph631050&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007543859605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&oldid=1277692494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&oldid=1277692494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sturgeons" title="Category:Sturgeons">Sturgeons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">Commercial fish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Apex_predators" title="Category:Apex predators">Apex predators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte">Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extant_Maastrichtian_first_appearances" title="Category:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances">Extant Maastrichtian first appearances</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_DOI" title="Category:CS1 errors: DOI">CS1 errors: DOI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_February_2025" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2025">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_May_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from May 2019">Use mdy dates from May 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_English_(ca._450-1100)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text">Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 February 2025, at 04:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sturgeon</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>68 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-6h4b8","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.639","walltime":"2.021","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22131,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":471857,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":26299,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":22,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":386435,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":18,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1748.191 1 -total"," 23.37% 408.603 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.67% 378.756 32 Template:Clade"," 20.48% 358.017 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 8.38% 146.580 35 Template:Cite_web"," 8.28% 144.701 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 7.08% 123.760 21 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.36% 111.155 1 Template:Fossilrange"," 6.28% 109.712 1 Template:Chondrostei"," 6.11% 106.873 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.060","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22891869,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","380","33.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","14.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","100","8.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","80","7.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","3.5"],["chunk \u003CModule:Citation/CS1\u003E","20","1.8"],["[others]","180","15.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-k6p4v","timestamp":"20250226041332","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sturgeon","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sturgeon","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q181871","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q181871","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-03T22:54:05Z","dateModified":"2025-02-26T04:13:24Z","headline":"family of fishes"}</script> </body> </html>