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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Growth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_in_the_1930s_and_1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_in_the_1930s_and_1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Expansion in the 1930s and 1940s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_in_the_1930s_and_1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hesburgh_era:_1952–1987" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hesburgh_era:_1952–1987"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Hesburgh era: 1952–1987 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hesburgh_era:_1952–1987-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Recent history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Campus </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campus subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration_and_academic_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_academic_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Administration and academic buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_academic_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residential_and_student_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential_and_student_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Residential and student buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential_and_student_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Athletics facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Environmental sustainability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_Gateways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Gateways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Global Gateways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Gateways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Community development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organization and administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organization and administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organization_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endowment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endowment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Endowment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endowment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Academics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Academics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Colleges and schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Special_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Special programs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduate_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduate_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Graduate education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduate_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centers_and_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centers_and_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Centers and institutes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centers_and_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Admissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Tuition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Student life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Student life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Residence_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residence_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Residence halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residence_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Student clubs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Student_union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Student union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Student events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Religious life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student-run_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student-run_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Student-run media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student-run_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Athletics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Athletics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football_game-day_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football_game-day_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Football game-day traditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football_game-day_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men's_basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men's_basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Men's basketball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men's_basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Band_and_"Victory_March"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Band_and_"Victory_March""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Band and "Victory March" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Band_and_"Victory_March"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Alumni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 In popular culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In popular culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Other media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">University of Notre Dame</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" > 53 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جامعة نوتر دام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة نوتر دام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="نوتردام بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوتردام بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC,_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="নটর ডেম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, যুক্তরাষ্ট্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নটর ডেম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, যুক্তরাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80-%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Універсітэт Нотр-Дам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Універсітэт Нотр-Дам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Notre_Dame" title="Universitat de Notre Dame – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Notre_Dame" title="Universidad de Notre Dame – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Universidad de Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Notre_Dame" title="Prifysgol Notre Dame – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame%27i_%C3%BClikool" title="Notre Dame'i ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Notre Dame'i ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%81_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC" title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Νοτρ Νταμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Νοτρ Νταμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Notre_Dame" title="Universidad de Notre Dame – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Nia_Damo" title="Universitato de Nia Damo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Nia Damo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dameko_Unibertsitatea" title="Notre Dameko Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Notre Dameko Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="دانشگاه نوتردام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه نوتردام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Notre-Dame-du-Lac" title="Université de Notre-Dame-du-Lac – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Notre-Dame-du-Lac" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollscoil_Notre_Dame" title="Ollscoil Notre Dame – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollscoil Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%8D%B0%EC%9E%84_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="노터데임 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노터데임 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%A9%D6%80_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Նոթր Դամի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոթր Դամի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_Notre_Dame" title="Sveučilište Notre Dame – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Notre_Dame" title="Universitas Notre Dame – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Notre_Dame" title="Università di Notre Dame – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אוניברסיטת נוטרדאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת נוטרדאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80-%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Нотр-Дам университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нотр-Дам университеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Dominae_Nostrae_a_Lacu" title="Universitas Dominae Nostrae a Lacu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Dominae Nostrae a Lacu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notr_Damo_universitetas" title="Notr Damo universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Notr Damo universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_Egyetem" title="Notre Dame Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Notre Dame Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جامعة نوتر دام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة نوتر دام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Notre_Dame" title="Universiti Notre Dame – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Notre_Dame" title="Universiteit van Notre Dame – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ノートルダム大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノートルダム大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_universiteti" title="Notre Dame universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Notre Dame universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%88%D9%8A%D9%85" title="یونیورسٹی آف نوٹرڈيم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف نوٹرڈيم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Notre_Dame" title="Universidade de Notre Dame – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_Notre_Dame" title="Universitatea Notre Dame – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80-%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Университет Нотр-Дам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Университет Нотр-Дам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzita_Notre_Dame_du_Lac" title="Univerzita Notre Dame du Lac – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Univerzita Notre Dame du Lac" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Универзитет Нотр Дам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет Нотр Дам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Damen_yliopisto" title="Notre Damen yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Notre Damen yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="University of Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Notre_Dame" title="Unibersidad ng Notre Dame – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நோட்ரெ டேம் பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோட்ரெ டேம் பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1" title="มหาวิทยาลัยนอเตอร์เดม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยนอเตอร์เดม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80-%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Університет Нотр-Дам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Університет Нотр-Дам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="یونیورسٹی آف نوٹری ڈیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف نوٹری ڈیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Notre_Dame" title="Đại học Notre Dame – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Notre Dame" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="聖母院大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖母院大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="聖母大學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖母大學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Notre_Dame&params=41_42_00_N_86_14_20_W_region:US-IN_type:edu">41°42′00″N 86°14′20″W / 41.70000°N 86.23889°W / 41.70000; -86.23889</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Catholic university in Notre Dame, Indiana, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other universities and colleges named "Notre Dame", see <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_(disambiguation)#Colleges_and_universities" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Notre Dame (disambiguation)">Notre Dame (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Notre Dame</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">University of Notre Dame du Lac</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Notre_Dame_seal_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/University_of_Notre_Dame_seal_%282%29.svg/180px-University_of_Notre_Dame_seal_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/University_of_Notre_Dame_seal_%282%29.svg/270px-University_of_Notre_Dame_seal_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/University_of_Notre_Dame_seal_%282%29.svg/360px-University_of_Notre_Dame_seal_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Universitas Dominae Nostrae a Lacu<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Vita Dulcedo Spes (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina" title="Salve Regina">Life, Sweetness, Hope</a>"<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">November 26, 1842; 181 years ago (1842-11-26)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sorin" title="Edward Sorin">Edward Sorin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Higher_Learning_Commission" title="Higher Learning Commission">HLC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Religious affiliation</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic church">Roman Catholic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Congregation of Holy Cross</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association of Universities">AAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Catholic_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities">ACCU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities" title="National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities">NAICU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Associated_Universities" title="Oak Ridge Associated Universities">ORAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association">URA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$16.62 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-NACUBO-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-AnnualReport-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.8 billion (2023–2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dowd" title="Robert A. Dowd">Robert A. Dowd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_McGreevy" title="John McGreevy">John McGreevy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,526 (fall 2023)<a href="#cite_note-About-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">13,174 (fall 2023)<a href="#cite_note-About-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,968 (fall 2023)<a href="#cite_note-About-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,206 (fall 2023)<a href="#cite_note-About-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Indiana" title="Notre Dame, Indiana">Notre Dame</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state">Indiana</div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Notre_Dame&params=41_42_00_N_86_14_20_W_region:US-IN_type:edu">41°42′00″N 86°14′20″W / 41.70000°N 86.23889°W / 41.70000; -86.23889</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Large suburb, 1,261 acres (5.10 km2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspapers</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Observer_(Notre_Dame)" title="The Observer (Notre Dame)">The Observer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Rover_(newspaper)" title="The Irish Rover (newspaper)">The Irish Rover</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Blue and gold<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish">Fighting Irish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> <a href="/wiki/Football_Bowl_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Bowl Subdivision">FBS</a> - <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools" title="NCAA Division I FBS independent schools">Independent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">ACC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference" title="Big Ten Conference">Big Ten</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Leprechaun" title="Notre Dame Leprechaun">Leprechaun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nd.edu">nd.edu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Notre_Dame_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/University_of_Notre_Dame_logo.svg/200px-University_of_Notre_Dame_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/University_of_Notre_Dame_logo.svg/300px-University_of_Notre_Dame_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/University_of_Notre_Dame_logo.svg/400px-University_of_Notre_Dame_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="58" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The University of Notre Dame du Lac (known simply as Notre Dame; <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">NOH-tər-DAYM</a>; ND) is a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> Catholic <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Indiana" title="Notre Dame, Indiana">Notre Dame, Indiana</a>, United States.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Founded in 1842 by members of the clerical <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Congregation of Holy Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campus_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Campus of the University of Notre Dame">the main campus</a> of 1,261 acres (510 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>) has a suburban setting and contains landmarks such as the <a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Main Building (University of Notre Dame)">Golden Dome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Word_of_Life_(mural)" title="Word of Life (mural)">Word of Life</a> mural, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Stadium" title="Notre Dame Stadium">Notre Dame Stadium</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Notre_Dame)" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame)">basilica</a>. Notre Dame is <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">classified</a> among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity" and its undergraduate admissions are among the most selective in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The university is organized into seven schools and colleges: <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters">College of Arts and Letters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Science" title="Notre Dame College of Science">College of Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">Notre Dame Law School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_School_of_Architecture" title="Notre Dame School of Architecture">School of Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Engineering" title="Notre Dame College of Engineering">College of Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_College_of_Business" title="Mendoza College of Business">Mendoza College of Business</a>, and Keough School of Global Affairs. Notre Dame's graduate program includes more than 50 master, doctoral and professional degrees offered by the seven schools.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The university's athletic teams are members of the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> and are known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish">Fighting Irish</a>. Notre Dame is noted for its <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish football">football team</a>, which contributed to its rise to prominence on the national stage in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a>, have won 17 national championships.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Major improvements to the university occurred during <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a>'s administration between 1952 and 1987. Hesburgh's administration increased the university's resources, academic programs, and its reputation. At the end of the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 2022, Notre Dame's <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">endowment</a> was valued at $20.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Its network of alumni consists of 151,000 members.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="History of the University of Notre Dame">History of the University of Notre Dame</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundations">Foundations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundations">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Badin" title="Stephen Badin">Stephen Badin</a>, the first priest ordained in the United States, had come to the area invited by <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Pokagon" title="Leopold Pokagon">Leopold Pokagon</a> to minister to his tribe, and had bought these 524 acres (212 ha) of land in 1830. In 1842, the bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Vincennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes">Vincennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_Guynemer_de_la_Hailandi%C3%A8re" title="Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière">Célestin Guynemer de la Hailandière</a>, offered the land to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sorin" title="Edward Sorin">Edward Sorin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Congregation of Holy Cross</a>, on the condition that he build a college in two years.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Badin's old <a href="/wiki/Log_Chapel,_University_of_Notre_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Log Chapel, University of Notre Dame">log chapel</a>. After enrolling two students, Sorin soon erected more buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Old College, University of Notre Dame">Old College</a>, the first church, and the first main building.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school; in 1844 it received its official college charter from the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Indiana General Assembly">Indiana General Assembly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hope,_C.S.C._1979-19">[19]</a> under the name the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake).<a href="#cite_note-21">[a]</a> The university was originally all-male; the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Sisters of the Holy Cross">Sisters of the Holy Cross</a> founded the female-only <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_College_(Indiana)" title="Saint Mary's College (Indiana)">Saint Mary's College</a> near Notre Dame in 1844.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rev_Edward_Sorin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bearded Edward Sorin sits in a chair at a desk looking at the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rev_Edward_Sorin.jpg/220px-Rev_Edward_Sorin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rev_Edward_Sorin.jpg/330px-Rev_Edward_Sorin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rev_Edward_Sorin.jpg/440px-Rev_Edward_Sorin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sorin" title="Edward Sorin">Edward Sorin</a>, founder of the university, photographed in 1890</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The college awarded its first degrees in 1849.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> As it grew under the presidency of Sorin and his successors, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate the growing student and faculty population.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hope,_C.S.C._1979-19">[19]</a> The brief presidency of Patrick Dillon (1865–1866) saw the original main building replaced with a larger one, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under <a href="/wiki/William_Corby" title="William Corby">William Corby</a>'s first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to over 500 students. In 1869, he opened the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">law school</a>, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Notre_Dame)" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame)">Basilica of the Sacred Heart</a>. Two years later, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Lemonnier" title="Auguste Lemonnier">Auguste Lemonnier</a> started a library in the Main Building, which had 10,000 volumes by 1879.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Building_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The current Main Building with a golden dome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_Building_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.jpg/220px-Main_Building_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_Building_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.jpg/330px-Main_Building_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_Building_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.jpg/440px-Main_Building_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>The current <a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Main Building (University of Notre Dame)">Main Building</a>, built after the great fire of 1879</figcaption></figure>Fire destroyed the Main Building and the library collection in April 1879; the school closed immediately and students were sent home.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Rebuilding began on May 17, and <a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Main Building (University of Notre Dame)">the third and current Main Building</a> was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was redeveloped.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> The presidency of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Walsh" title="Thomas E. Walsh">Thomas E. Walsh</a> (1881–1893) focused on improving Notre Dame's scholastic reputation and standards. At the time, many students came to Notre Dame only for its business courses and did not graduate.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Walsh started a "<a href="/wiki/Belles-lettres" title="Belles-lettres">Belles Lettres</a>" program and invited notable lay intellectuals like writer <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Francis_Egan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice Francis Egan">Maurice Francis Egan</a> to campus.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Washington Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Washington Hall</a> was built in 1881 as a theater,<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> and the Science Hall (today the <a href="/wiki/LaFortune_Student_Center" title="LaFortune Student Center">LaFortune Student Center</a>) was built in 1883 to house the science program (established in 1880) and multiple classrooms and science labs.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The construction of <a href="/wiki/Sorin_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorin Hall">Sorin Hall</a> saw the first freestanding residence hall on campus and one of the first in the country to have private rooms for students, a project championed by Sorin and John Zahm.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> During Walsh's tenure, Notre Dame started its <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish football">football program</a> and was awarded the first <a href="/wiki/Laetare_Medal" title="Laetare Medal">Laetare Medal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The Law School was reorganized under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/William_J._Hoynes" title="William J. Hoynes">William J. Hoynes</a> (dean from 1883 to 1919), and when its new building was opened shortly after his death, it was renamed in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-Marvin_R._O'Connell_2001-35">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth">Growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Growth">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Zahm" title="John Augustine Zahm">John Zahm</a> was the Holy Cross Provincial for the United States from 1898 to 1906, with overall supervision of the university. He sought to modernize and expand Notre Dame by erecting buildings and adding to the campus art gallery and library, amassing what became a famous <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> collection, and pushing Notre Dame towards becoming a research university dedicated to scholarship. The congregation did not renew Zahm's term, fearing he had expanded Notre Dame too quickly and had run the order into serious debt.<a href="#cite_note-Marvin_R._O'Connell_2001-35">[34]</a> In particular, his vision to make Notre Dame a research university was at odds with that of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Morrissey" title="Andrew Morrissey">Andrew Morrissey</a> (president from 1893 to 1905), who hoped to keep the institution a smaller boarding school.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Morrissey's presidency remained largely focused on younger students and saw the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes,_Notre_Dame" title="Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, Notre Dame">Grotto</a>, the addition of wings to <a href="/wiki/Sorin_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Sorin Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Sorin Hall</a>, and the erection of the first gymnasium. By 1900, student enrollment had increased to over 700, with most students still following the Commercial Course.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/220px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/330px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/440px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="3262" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Notre_Dame)" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame)">Basilica of the Sacred Heart</a>, completed in 1888</figcaption></figure>The movement towards a research university was championed subsequently by <a href="/wiki/John_W._Cavanaugh" title="John W. Cavanaugh">John W. Cavanaugh</a>, who modernized educational standards and dedicated himself to the school's academic reputation and to increasing the number of students awarded bachelor's and master's degrees. As part of his efforts, he attracted many eminent scholars, established a chair in journalism, and introduced courses in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a>. During his time as president, Notre Dame rapidly became a significant force on the football field.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> In 1917, Notre Dame awarded its first degree to a woman, and its first bachelor's degree in 1922. However, female undergraduates were uncommon until 1972.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_A._Burns" title="James A. Burns">James A. Burns</a> became president in 1919 and, following in the footsteps of Cavanaugh, he oversaw an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the traditional scholastic and classical emphasis in three years.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Notre Dame continued to grow, adding more colleges, programs, residence halls, and sports teams.<a href="#cite_note-Archives_Chapter_4-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> By 1921, with the addition of the <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_College_of_Business" title="Mendoza College of Business">College of Commerce</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Archives_Chapter_4-42">[41]</a> Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a law school.<a href="#cite_note-Law2-44">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catalogue_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame_(1903)_(14782351722).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Drawing of the University of Notre Dame" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Catalogue_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame_%281903%29_%2814782351722%29.jpg/280px-Catalogue_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame_%281903%29_%2814782351722%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Catalogue_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame_%281903%29_%2814782351722%29.jpg/420px-Catalogue_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame_%281903%29_%2814782351722%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Catalogue_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame_%281903%29_%2814782351722%29.jpg/560px-Catalogue_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame_%281903%29_%2814782351722%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption>The University of Notre Dame in 1903</figcaption></figure> President <a href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Walsh" title="Matthew J. Walsh">Matthew Walsh</a> (1922–1928) addressed the material needs of the university, particularly the $10,000 debt and the lack of space for new students. When he assumed the presidency, more than 1,100 students lived off campus while only 135 students paid for room and board. With fund-raising money, Walsh concentrated on the construction of a dormitory system. He built Freshman Hall in 1922 and Sophomore Hall in 1923, and began construction of <a href="/wiki/Morrissey_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Morrissey Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Morrissey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Howard Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Howard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyons_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Lyons Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Lyons</a> Halls between 1924 and 1925.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> By 1925, enrollment had increased to 2,500 students, of which 1,471 lived on campus; faculty members increased from 90 to 175. On the academic side, credit hours were reduced to encourage in-depth study, and Latin and Greek were no longer required. In 1928, three years of college were made a prerequisite for the study of law.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Walsh expanded the College of Commerce, enlarged the stadium, completed South Dining Hall, and built the memorial and entrance transept of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_Notre_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Notre Dame">Basilica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> One of the main driving forces in the university's growth was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.<a href="#cite_note-ncronline.org-49">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Knute_Rockne" title="Knute Rockne">Knute Rockne</a> became head coach in 1918. Under him, the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game" title="Rose Bowl Game">Rose Bowl Game</a> in 1925, and produced players such as <a href="/wiki/George_Gipp" title="George Gipp">George Gipp</a> and the "<a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_(American_football)" title="Four Horsemen (American football)">Four Horsemen</a>". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a <a href="/wiki/7-2-2_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="7-2-2 defense">7–2–2 scheme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> The success of Notre Dame reflected the rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied around the team and listened to the games on the radio, especially when it defeated teams from schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America—Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army.<a href="#cite_note-ncronline.org-49">[48]</a> Its role as a high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a>. The most remarkable episode of violence was a clash in 1924 between Notre Dame students and the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> (KKK), a <a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Catholic">anti-Catholic</a> movement. The Klan decided to hold a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on May 17, when students blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped KKK clothes and regalia. Two days later, thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to refrain from further violence. A few days later, the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students contributed to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_in_the_1930s_and_1940s">Expansion in the 1930s and 1940s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expansion in the 1930s and 1940s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Quad,_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="View of both Alumni and Dillon Hall on Notre Dame's South Quad." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/South_Quad%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/220px-South_Quad%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/South_Quad%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/330px-South_Quad%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/South_Quad%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/440px-South_Quad%2C_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3868" data-file-height="2502" /></a><figcaption>South Quad, built in the 1920s–1940s, includes many residential halls</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._O%27Donnell" title="Charles L. O'Donnell">Charles L. O'Donnell</a> (1928–1934) and <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_O%27Hara" title="John Francis O'Hara">John Francis O'Hara</a> (1934–1939) fueled both material and academic expansion. During their tenures at Notre Dame, they brought many refugees and intellectuals to campus, such as <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Spearman" title="Frank H. Spearman">Frank H. Spearman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_D._M._Ford" title="Jeremiah D. M. Ford">Jeremiah D. M. Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irvin_Abell" title="Irvin Abell">Irvin Abell</a>, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara also concentrated on expanding the graduate school.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> New construction included <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Stadium" title="Notre Dame Stadium">Notre Dame Stadium</a>, the law school building, Rockne Memorial, numerous residential halls, Cushing Hall of Engineering, and a new heating plant. This rapid expansion, which cost the university more than $2.8 million, was made possible in large part through football revenues. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to "acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate" Notre Dame. He wrote, "Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football."<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, O'Donnell offered Notre Dame's facilities to the armed forces. The Navy accepted his offer and installed Naval <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a> (ROTC) units on campus as part of the <a href="/wiki/V-12_Navy_College_Training_Program" title="V-12 Navy College Training Program">V-12 Navy College Training Program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Soon after the installation, there were only a few hundred civilian students at Notre Dame. O'Donnell continued O'Hara's work with the graduate school. He formalized the graduate program further and replaced the previous committee of graduate studies with a dean.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_J._Cavanaugh" title="John J. Cavanaugh">John J. Cavanaugh</a>, president from 1946 to 1952, devoted his efforts to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to better serve its educational mission and an expanded student body. He stressed advanced studies and research while quadrupling the university's student population, with undergraduate enrollment seeing an increase by more than half, and graduate student enrollment growing fivefold. Cavanaugh established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Arts_and_Letters#Medieval_Institute" title="Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters">Medieval Institute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> presided over the construction of Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, and the Hall of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">Liberal Arts</a> (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I. A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> He also established the university's system of advisory councils.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hesburgh_era:_1952–1987">Hesburgh era: 1952–1987</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hesburgh era: 1952–1987">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Word of Life, a large mural on the side of the Theodore Hesburgh Library depicting the resurrected Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg/170px-Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg/255px-Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg/340px-Touchdown_Jesus_at_Notre_Dame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3627" data-file-height="4534" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hesburgh_Library" title="Hesburgh Library">Hesburgh Library</a>, decorated by the <a href="/wiki/Word_of_Life_(mural)" title="Word of Life (mural)">Word of Life</a> mural.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a> served as president for 35 years (1952–1987). Under his presidency, Notre Dame underwent huge growth and transformation from a school mostly known for its football to a top-tier university, academic powerhouse, and preeminent Catholic university.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> The annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18, from $9.7 million to $176.6 million; the endowment by a factor of 40, from $9 million to $350 million; and research funding by a factor of 20, from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600; faculty more than doubled from 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Hesburgh made Notre Dame coeducational. Women had graduated every year since 1917, but they were mostly religious sisters in graduate programs.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> In the mid-1960s, Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. "In American college education," explained <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Sheedy" title="Charles E. Sheedy">Charles E. Sheedy</a>, Notre Dame's dean of Arts and Letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place. ... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism."<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Two of the residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year,<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> with two more converted the next school year.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> In 1971, Mary Ann Proctor, a transfer from St. Mary's, became the first female undergraduate. The following year, Mary Davey Bliley became the first woman to graduate from the university, with a bachelor's degree in marketing.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> In 1978, a <a href="/wiki/Historic_district_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic district (United States)">historic district</a> comprising 21 contributing buildings was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nrhpdoc-ndc-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recent history">edit</a>]</div> In the eighteen years <a href="/wiki/Edward_Malloy" title="Edward Malloy">Edward Malloy</a> was president, the school's reputation, faculty, and resources grew rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-Notre_Dame's_president_to_retire-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> He added more than 500 professors and the academic quality of the student body improved dramatically, with the average <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Assessment_Test" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholastic Assessment Test">Scholastic Assessment Test</a> (SAT) score rising from 1240 to 1460. The number of minority students more than doubled, the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion, the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million, and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million.<a href="#cite_note-Notre_Dame's_president_to_retire-75">[74]</a> Notre Dame's most recent (2014) capital campaign raised $2.014 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million. It was the largest in the history of Catholic higher education, and the largest of any university without a medical school at the time.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_I._Jenkins" title="John I. Jenkins">John I. Jenkins</a> took over from Malloy in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and builds the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including the <a href="/wiki/Compton_Family_Ice_Arena" title="Compton Family Ice Arena">Compton Family Ice Arena</a>, a new architecture hall, and additional residence halls.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Announced as an integration of "the academy, student life and athletics,"<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> construction on the 750,000 sq ft (70,000 m2) <a href="/wiki/Campus_Crossroads" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus Crossroads">Campus Crossroads</a> project began around Notre Dame Stadium in November 2014. Its three buildings house student life services, an indoor gym, a recreation center, the career center, a 500-seat student ballroom, the departments of anthropology and psychology, a digital media center and the department of music and sacred music program.<a href="#cite_note-2018-01-16SBendTr-83">[82]</a> Jenkins announced the 2023–2024 academic year would be his last as president in October 2023. The board of trustees subsequently elected <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dowd" title="Robert A. Dowd">Robert A. Dowd</a> to succeed him, effective June 1, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Campus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Campus_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Campus of the University of Notre Dame">Campus of the University of Notre Dame</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre_Dame_campus_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Notre_Dame_campus_view.jpg/220px-Notre_Dame_campus_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Notre_Dame_campus_view.jpg/330px-Notre_Dame_campus_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Notre_Dame_campus_view.jpg/440px-Notre_Dame_campus_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A view of the old part of the campus, with the Basilica and Main Building</figcaption></figure> Notre Dame's campus is located in <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Indiana" title="Notre Dame, Indiana">Notre Dame, Indiana</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Michiana" title="Michiana">Michiana</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Indiana" title="Northern Indiana">Northern Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-About_ND-86">[85]</a> It lies on 1,250 acres (5.1 km2) south of the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Toll_Road" title="Indiana Toll Road">Indiana Toll Road</a> and includes around 170 buildings and athletic fields located around its two lakes and seven <a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(architecture)" title="Quadrangle (architecture)">quadrangles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Campus-87">[86]</a> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">University of Notre Dame: Main and South Quadrangles</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #E6E6FA"><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">U.S. Historic district</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:The_University_of_Notre_Dame_%22God_Quad%22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_University_of_Notre_Dame_%22God_Quad%22.JPG/250px-The_University_of_Notre_Dame_%22God_Quad%22.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_University_of_Notre_Dame_%22God_Quad%22.JPG/375px-The_University_of_Notre_Dame_%22God_Quad%22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_University_of_Notre_Dame_%22God_Quad%22.JPG/500px-The_University_of_Notre_Dame_%22God_Quad%22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7493" data-file-height="2400" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The University's historic center, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Notre_Dame)" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame)">Basilica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Main Building (University of Notre Dame)">Golden Dome</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Washington Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Washington Hall</a>, was built in the early years of the university.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Off I-80/90, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Indiana" title="Notre Dame, Indiana">Notre Dame, Indiana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">70 acres (28 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1842</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Mixed (more than two styles from different periods)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/78000053">78000053</a><a href="#cite_note-nris-88">[87]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">May 23, 1978</td></tr></tbody></table>It is consistently ranked as one of the most beautiful university campuses in the United States and around the world, and is noted particularly for the Golden Dome, the Basilica and its stained glass windows, the quads and the greenery, the Grotto, <a href="/wiki/Hesburgh_Library" title="Hesburgh Library">Touchdown Jesus</a>, and its statues and museums.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> Notre Dame is a major tourist attraction in northern Indiana; in the 2015–2016 academic year, more than 1.8 million visitors, almost half of whom were from outside <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_County,_Indiana" title="St. Joseph County, Indiana">St. Joseph County</a>, visited the campus.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> A 116-acre (47 ha) historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as University of Notre Dame: Main and South Quadrangles. The district includes 21 <a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">contributing buildings</a> in the core of the original campus such as the Main Administration Building and the Basilica.<a href="#cite_note-nrhpdoc-ndc-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration_and_academic_buildings">Administration and academic buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administration and academic buildings">edit</a>]</div> The Main Building serves as the center for the university's administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Its golden dome, topped by the statue of Mary, is the campus' most recognizable landmark. The main building is located on Main Quad (also known as "God Quad"), which is the oldest, most historic, and most central part of campus. Behind the main building stand several facilities with administrative purposes and student services, including Carole Sadner Hall, Brownson Hall, and St. Liam's Hall, the campus health center. There are several religious buildings<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is on the site of Sorin's original church, which had become too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style, with stained glass windows imported from France. <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Gregori" title="Luigi Gregori">Luigi Gregori</a>, an Italian painter invited by Sorin to be an artist in residence, painted the interior. The basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church, there are sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Meštrović">Ivan Meštrović</a>. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, built in 1896, is a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">original</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lourdes" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a> and is a popular spot for prayer and meditation.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> The Old College building has become one of two <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminaries</a> on the campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NDU-Goldkuppel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/NDU-Goldkuppel.jpg/220px-NDU-Goldkuppel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/NDU-Goldkuppel.jpg/330px-NDU-Goldkuppel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/NDU-Goldkuppel.jpg/440px-NDU-Goldkuppel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The Golden Dome, built under Sorin, has become the symbol of the university</figcaption></figure> Academic buildings are concentrated in the Center-South and Center-East sections of campus. McCourtney Hall, an interdisciplinary research facility, opened its doors for the fall 2016 semester, and ground was broken on the 60,000 sq ft (5,600 m2) <a href="/wiki/Walsh_Family_Hall_of_Architecture" title="Walsh Family Hall of Architecture">Walsh Family Hall of Architecture</a> on the south end of campus near the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center opened in fall 2018.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center,<a href="#cite_note-DPAC-98">[97]</a> the Guglielmino Complex,<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> and the Jordan Hall of Science.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition were completed at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Many academic buildings were built with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost four million books. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department, opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residential_and_student_buildings">Residential and student buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Residential and student buildings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_residence_halls" title="University of Notre Dame residence halls">University of Notre Dame residence halls</a></div> There are <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_residence_halls" title="University of Notre Dame residence halls">33 single-sex undergraduate residence halls</a>. The university has recently announced a co-educational undergraduate dorm community based in one of the graduate residential apartments.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Most of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus. A new residence for men, <a href="/wiki/Baumer_Hall" title="Baumer Hall">Baumer Hall</a>, was built in 2019. <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Family_Hall" title="Johnson Family Hall">Johnson Family Hall</a>, for women, was also completed and opened that semester. The South Dining Hall and North Dining Hall serve the student body. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fall_on_%22God_Quad%22_that_Connects_North_Quad_and_South_Quad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colorful trees on the Main and South Quadrangles in autumn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fall_on_%22God_Quad%22_that_Connects_North_Quad_and_South_Quad.jpg/170px-Fall_on_%22God_Quad%22_that_Connects_North_Quad_and_South_Quad.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fall_on_%22God_Quad%22_that_Connects_North_Quad_and_South_Quad.jpg/255px-Fall_on_%22God_Quad%22_that_Connects_North_Quad_and_South_Quad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fall_on_%22God_Quad%22_that_Connects_North_Quad_and_South_Quad.jpg/340px-Fall_on_%22God_Quad%22_that_Connects_North_Quad_and_South_Quad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Fall on the Main Quadrangle</figcaption></figure> The campus hosts several entertainment, general purpose, and common spaces. LaFortune Student Center, commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," is a four-story building built in 1883 that serves the student union and hosts social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities.<a href="#cite_note-Lafortune_Student_Center-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-acui.org-104">[103]</a> LaFortune hosts many businesses (including restaurant chains), student services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs.<a href="#cite_note-Lafortune_Student_Center-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> A second student union came with the addition of Duncan Student Center, which is built onto the Notre Dame Stadium as part of the Campus Crossroads projects. As well as additional food service chains, recreation facilities, and student offices, Duncan also hosts a student gym and a ballroom. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Notre_Dame%27s_God_Quad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/University_of_Notre_Dame%27s_God_Quad.JPG/220px-University_of_Notre_Dame%27s_God_Quad.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/University_of_Notre_Dame%27s_God_Quad.JPG/330px-University_of_Notre_Dame%27s_God_Quad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/University_of_Notre_Dame%27s_God_Quad.JPG/440px-University_of_Notre_Dame%27s_God_Quad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Historic Washington Hall on the Main Quadrangle, popularly termed the "God Quad"<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics_facilities">Athletics facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Athletics facilities">edit</a>]</div> Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features many athletic buildings, which are concentrated in the southern and eastern sections of campus. The most prominent is Notre Dame Stadium,<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today can seat over 80,000 people. Prominent venues include the <a href="/wiki/Edmund_P._Joyce_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund P. Joyce Center">Edmund P. Joyce Center</a>, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena,<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. There are many outdoor fields, such as the <a href="/wiki/Frank_Eck_Stadium" title="Frank Eck Stadium">Frank Eck Stadium</a> for baseball.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Legends_of_Notre_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Legends of Notre Dame">Legends of Notre Dame</a> (commonly called Legends) is a <a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">music venue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public house</a>, and restaurant on campus, just 100 yd (91 m) south of the stadium. The former Alumni Senior Club<a href="#cite_note-SAO_Website-110">[109]</a> opened in September 2003 after a $3.5 million renovation and became an all-ages student hang-out. Legends is made up of two parts: The Restaurant and Alehouse and the nightclub.<a href="#cite_note-Legends_Observer_Article-111">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Law_Arch_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Law_Arch_3.JPG/220px-Law_Arch_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Law_Arch_3.JPG/330px-Law_Arch_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Law_Arch_3.JPG/440px-Law_Arch_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3846" data-file-height="2575" /></a><figcaption>The new wing of the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">Law School</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_sustainability">Environmental sustainability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Environmental sustainability">edit</a>]</div> The Office of Sustainability was created in the fall of 2007 at the recommendation of a Sustainability Strategy Working Group and appointed the first director in April 2008. The pursuit of <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> is related directly to the Catholic mission of the university.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> Other resources and centers on campus focusing on sustainability include the Environmental Change Initiative, Environmental Research Center, and the Center for Sustainable Energy at Notre Dame.<a href="#cite_note-Dame-113">[112]</a> The university also houses the Kellogg Institute for International Peace Studies. Notre Dame received a gold rating from the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Sustainability_in_Higher_Education" title="Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education">Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education</a> (AASHE) in 2014, though in 2017 it was downgraded to silver.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> In 2016, the Office of Sustainability released its Comprehensive Sustainability Strategy to achieve its goals in a wide area of university operations.<a href="#cite_note-About_the_Office//Office_of_Sustainability//University_of_Notre_Dame-115">[114]</a> As of November 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit">[update]</a>, 17 buildings have achieved <a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design#Certification_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED-Certified status</a>, with 12 of them earning Gold certification.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> Notre Dame's dining service sources 40 percent of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood and many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options.<a href="#cite_note-Design_&_Construction//Office_of_Sustainability//University_of_Notre_Dame-117">[116]</a> In 2019, irrigation systems' improvements led to 244 million fewer gallons of water being used and a 50 percent reduction in water consumption over 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> In 2015, Notre Dame announced major environmental sustainability goals, including eliminating using coal by 2020 and reducing its carbon footprint by half by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-Dame-113">[112]</a> Both these goals were reached in early 2019.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-green.nd.edu-120">[119]</a> This was achieved by implementing energy conservation, energy efficiency strategies, temperature setpoints, low-flow water devices, and diversifying its energy sources and infrastructures.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-119">[118]</a> New sources of renewable energy on campus include <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_heat_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal heat pump">geothermal wells</a> on East Quad and by the Notre Dame Stadium, substitution of boilers with gas turbines, solar panels on Fitzpatrick Hall and Stinson-Remick Hall and off-campus, a <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> facility at Seitz Park in South Bend powered by the <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_River_(Lake_Michigan)" title="St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)">St. Joseph River</a>, and heat recovery strategies.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-green.nd.edu-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dame-113">[112]</a> Future projects outlined by the university's utilities long-range plan include continual diversification of its energy portfolio, future geothermal wells in new buildings and some existing facilities, and a collaboration with the South Bend Solar Project. Current goals include cutting Notre Dame's carbon footprint by 83 percent by 2050 and eventually becoming carbon neutral, diverting 67 percent of all waste from landfills by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-Dame-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-green.nd.edu-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-119">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_Gateways">Global Gateways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Global Gateways">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_United_University_Club.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Former_United_University_Club.jpg/220px-Former_United_University_Club.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Former_United_University_Club.jpg/330px-Former_United_University_Club.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Former_United_University_Club.jpg/440px-Former_United_University_Club.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4091" data-file-height="2682" /></a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/United_University_Club" title="United University Club">United University Club</a></figcaption></figure> The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> <ul><li>London. The university has had a presence in London since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in Fischer Hall, the former <a href="/wiki/United_University_Club" title="United University Club">United University Club</a> in Trafalgar Square. The center hosts the university's programs in the city, and conferences and symposia.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> The university also owns a residence facility, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Waterloo_Hospital_for_Children_and_Women" title="Royal Waterloo Hospital for Children and Women">Conway Hall</a>, for students studying abroad.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a></li> <li>Beijing. The university owns space in the <a href="/wiki/Liangmaqiao_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangmaqiao Station">Liangmaqiao Station</a> area. The center is the hub of Notre Dame Asia. It hosts a number of programs including study abroad.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kylemore_Abbey2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kylemore_Abbey2007.jpg/220px-Kylemore_Abbey2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kylemore_Abbey2007.jpg/330px-Kylemore_Abbey2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kylemore_Abbey2007.jpg/440px-Kylemore_Abbey2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kylemore_Abbey" title="Kylemore Abbey">Kylemore Abbey</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. The university owns the O'Connell House, a building in <a href="/wiki/Merrion_Square" title="Merrion Square">Merrion Square</a> in the heart of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dublin" title="Georgian Dublin">Georgian Dublin</a>. It hosts academic programs and summer internships in <a href="/wiki/Irish_studies" title="Irish studies">Irish studies</a> for both undergraduate and graduate students in addition to seminars, and is home to the Keough Naughton Centre.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Since 2015, the university has partnered with <a href="/wiki/Kylemore_Abbey" title="Kylemore Abbey">Kylemore Abbey</a>, renovating spaces in the abbey so it could host academic programs.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The Jerusalem Global Gateway shares space with the university's <a href="/wiki/Tantur_Ecumenical_Institute" title="Tantur Ecumenical Institute">Tantur Ecumenical Institute</a>, in a 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) facility on the seam between Jerusalem and <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>. It hosts religious and ecumenical programs.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a></li> <li>Rome. The Rome Global Getaway is on Via Ostilia, very close to the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>. It was recently acquired and renovated and now has 32,000 sq ft (3,000 m2) of space to host a variety of academic activities. The university purchased a second Roman villa on the Caelian hill.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a></li></ul> In addition to the five Global Gateways, the university also owns the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Building_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe Building (Chicago)">Santa Fe Building</a> in Chicago, where it offers its executive <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> The university also hosts Global Centers located in <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_development">Community development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Community development">edit</a>]</div> The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development adjacent to campus funded by the university, broke ground in June 2008.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> The project drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> The $90 million second phase broke ground in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Campus of the University of Notre Dame</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NDLS_Kresge_Law_Library_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The central area of the Kresge Law Library"><img alt="The central area of the Kresge Law Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NDLS_Kresge_Law_Library_2012.jpg/160px-NDLS_Kresge_Law_Library_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NDLS_Kresge_Law_Library_2012.jpg/240px-NDLS_Kresge_Law_Library_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NDLS_Kresge_Law_Library_2012.jpg/320px-NDLS_Kresge_Law_Library_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5529" data-file-height="3686" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The central area of the Kresge Law Library</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Notre_Dame_Grotto.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Notre Dame's replica of the Grotto at Lourdes"><img alt="University of Notre Dame's replica of the Grotto at Lourdes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/University_of_Notre_Dame_Grotto.JPG/160px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Grotto.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/University_of_Notre_Dame_Grotto.JPG/240px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Grotto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/University_of_Notre_Dame_Grotto.JPG/320px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Grotto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">University of Notre Dame's replica of the Grotto at Lourdes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_and_Dome,_from_God_Quad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basilica and Dome"><img alt="Basilica and Dome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Basilica_and_Dome%2C_from_God_Quad.jpg/160px-Basilica_and_Dome%2C_from_God_Quad.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Basilica_and_Dome%2C_from_God_Quad.jpg/240px-Basilica_and_Dome%2C_from_God_Quad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Basilica_and_Dome%2C_from_God_Quad.jpg/320px-Basilica_and_Dome%2C_from_God_Quad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="720" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Basilica and Dome</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Quad_from_Fr._Hesburgh%27s_Office_in_the_Hesburgh_Library.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Notre Dame: Main and South Quadrangles"><img alt="University of Notre Dame: Main and South Quadrangles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/North_Quad_from_Fr._Hesburgh%27s_Office_in_the_Hesburgh_Library.JPG/160px-North_Quad_from_Fr._Hesburgh%27s_Office_in_the_Hesburgh_Library.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/North_Quad_from_Fr._Hesburgh%27s_Office_in_the_Hesburgh_Library.JPG/240px-North_Quad_from_Fr._Hesburgh%27s_Office_in_the_Hesburgh_Library.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/North_Quad_from_Fr._Hesburgh%27s_Office_in_the_Hesburgh_Library.JPG/320px-North_Quad_from_Fr._Hesburgh%27s_Office_in_the_Hesburgh_Library.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">University of Notre Dame: Main and South Quadrangles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Winter_Dome.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Golden Dome in the Winter"><img alt="The Golden Dome in the Winter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Winter_Dome.jpg/160px-Winter_Dome.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Winter_Dome.jpg/240px-Winter_Dome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Winter_Dome.jpg/320px-Winter_Dome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Golden Dome in the Winter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dome_though_the_trees.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre Dame Golden Dome from West Entrance of Cavanaugh Hall"><img alt="The Golden Dome in the Winter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dome_though_the_trees.jpeg/127px-Dome_though_the_trees.jpeg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dome_though_the_trees.jpeg/191px-Dome_though_the_trees.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dome_though_the_trees.jpeg/255px-Dome_though_the_trees.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Notre Dame Golden Dome from West Entrance of Cavanaugh Hall</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_and_administration">Organization and administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Organization and administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="President of the University of Notre Dame">President of the University of Notre Dame</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr._Ted_Hesburgh_in_his_Office_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Theodore Hesburgh sitting at his desk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Fr._Ted_Hesburgh_in_his_Office_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/220px-Fr._Ted_Hesburgh_in_his_Office_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Fr._Ted_Hesburgh_in_his_Office_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/330px-Fr._Ted_Hesburgh_in_his_Office_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Fr._Ted_Hesburgh_in_his_Office_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG/440px-Fr._Ted_Hesburgh_in_his_Office_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a>, photographed in 2012, was the 15th and longest-serving president of Notre Dame.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="President of the University of Notre Dame">The university's president</a> is always a priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The first president was Edward Sorin; and the current president is <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dowd" title="Robert A. Dowd">Robert A. Dowd</a>. As of June 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit">[update]</a>, John McGreevy is the <a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">provost</a> overseeing academic functions.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> Until 1967, Notre Dame had been governed directly by the Congregation. Under the presidency of Theodore Hesburgh, two groups, the Board of Fellows, and the <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">Board of Trustees</a>, were established to govern the university.<a href="#cite_note-leadership-136">[135]</a> The 12 fellows are evenly divided between members of the Holy Cross order and the laity; they have final say over the operation of the university. They vote on potential trustees and sign off on all that board's major decisions.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university.<a href="#cite_note-leadership-136">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endowment">Endowment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Endowment">edit</a>]</div> Notre Dame's <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">endowment</a> was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns; it was $7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. In fiscal year ending in 2021, the university endowment market value was $18.07 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:8-138">[137]</a> For fiscal year 2023, the university reported total endowment assets of $16.62 billion.<a href="#cite_note-NACUBO-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-AnnualReport-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Academics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_schools">Colleges and schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Colleges and schools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters">College of Arts and Letters</a> was established as the university's first college in 1842. The first degrees were granted seven years later.<a href="#cite_note-Hope_5-139">[138]</a> The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Ratio_Studiorum" title="Ratio Studiorum">Ratio Studiorum</a> from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> Today, the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall,<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in nearly 70 majors and minors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are more than 3,000 undergraduates and 1,100 graduates enrolled in the college, taught by 500 faculty members.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordan_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jordan_Hall.jpg/170px-Jordan_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jordan_Hall.jpg/255px-Jordan_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jordan_Hall.jpg/340px-Jordan_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>Jordan Hall of Science</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Science" title="Notre Dame College of Science">College of Science</a> was established in 1865. The curriculum involved six years of coursework, including higher-level mathematics.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Today, the college, housed in the Jordan Hall of Science,<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> includes over 1,200 undergraduates in several departments, each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">Notre Dame Law School</a> was established in 1869 and is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Law_school_in_the_United_States" title="Law school in the United States">law program</a> at a Catholic university in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Law-147">[146]</a> In 2024, the school <a href="/wiki/Law_school_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="Law school rankings in the United States">ranked</a> 20th among the top American law schools by U.S. News & World Report.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> The law school grants the professional <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree, as well as the graduate <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Juridical_Science" title="Doctor of Juridical Science">Doctor of Juridical Science</a> degrees.<a href="#cite_note-Grad_Degrees-149">[148]</a> It was ranked fourth in graduates attaining federal judicial <a href="/wiki/Law_clerk" title="Law clerk">clerkships</a> in 2024,<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> and seventh in graduates attaining <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> clerkships in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bond_Hall-_University_of_Notre_Dame-_School_of_Architecture.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bond_Hall-_University_of_Notre_Dame-_School_of_Architecture.JPG/220px-Bond_Hall-_University_of_Notre_Dame-_School_of_Architecture.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bond_Hall-_University_of_Notre_Dame-_School_of_Architecture.JPG/330px-Bond_Hall-_University_of_Notre_Dame-_School_of_Architecture.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Bond_Hall-_University_of_Notre_Dame-_School_of_Architecture.JPG/440px-Bond_Hall-_University_of_Notre_Dame-_School_of_Architecture.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bond_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Bond Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Bond Hall</a>, house of the School of Architecture from 1964 until 2019</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_School_of_Architecture" title="Notre Dame School of Architecture">School of Architecture</a> was established in 1899,<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> the year after Notre Dame first granted degrees in the field.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> Today, the school, housed in <a href="/wiki/Walsh_Family_Hall_of_Architecture" title="Walsh Family Hall of Architecture">Walsh Family Hall of Architecture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to a bachelor's degree. All undergraduates spend their third year in Rome.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> The faculty teaches (<a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">pre-modernist</a>) <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">traditional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classical</a> architecture and <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> (e.g., following the principles of <a href="/wiki/New_Urbanism" title="New Urbanism">New Urbanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Classical_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="New Classical Architecture">New Classical Architecture</a>).<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> It also awards the annual <a href="/wiki/Driehaus_Architecture_Prize" title="Driehaus Architecture Prize">Driehaus Architecture Prize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Engineering" title="Notre Dame College of Engineering">College of Engineering</a> was established in 1920;<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> however, courses in <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil</a> and mechanical engineering had been taught in the College of Science, since the 1870s.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> Today, the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering,<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> includes five departments of study, with eight B.S. degrees offered. The college also offers five-year dual degree programs with the College of Arts and Letters and the College of Business awarding additional B.A. and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> (MBA) degrees, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_College_of_Business" title="Mendoza College of Business">Mendoza College of Business</a> was established in 1921 by <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_O%27Hara" title="John Francis O'Hara">John Francis O'Hara</a>, although a foreign commerce program had been launched in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> Today, the college offers degrees in accountancy, finance, management, and marketing and enrolls over 1,600 students.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a> ranked Mendoza's undergraduate program as second in the country,<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> after five consecutive years in the first position.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> For its 2023 ranking, <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> ranked the graduate school 25th, tied with <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keough_School_of_Global_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keough School of Global Affairs (page does not exist)">Keough School of Global Affairs</a> was established in 2014. The first new school in nearly a century, it builds on the presence of seven institutes founded for international research, scholarship, and education at Notre Dame. The school offers six doctoral programs related to international peace studies, a Masters in Global Affairs focused on either peace studies or sustainable development, and five undergraduate majors.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> It is focused on the study of global governance, human rights, and other areas of global social and political policy. A $50 million gift from <a href="/wiki/Donald_Keough" title="Donald Keough">Donald Keough</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> executive, and his wife Marilyn funded the school's creation. The school opened officially in August 2017, in Jenkins Hall on Debartolo Quad.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_programs">Special programs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Special programs">edit</a>]</div> Every Notre Dame undergraduate is part of one of the school's five undergraduate colleges or is in the First Year of Studies program.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide <a href="/wiki/First_year" class="mw-redirect" title="First year">freshmen</a> through their first year at the school before they have declared a <a href="/wiki/Major_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major (academic)">major</a>. Each student is assigned an academic advisor who helps them choose classes that give them exposure to any major in which they are interested.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> The program includes a Learning Resource Center, which provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> First Year of Studies is designed to encourage intellectual and academic achievement and innovation among first-year students. It includes programs such as FY advising, the Dean's A-list, the Renaissance circle, NDignite, the First Year Urban challenge, and more.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Every admissions cycle, the Office of Undergraduate Admissions selects a small number of students for the Glynn Family Honors Program, which grants top students within the College of Arts and Letters and the College of Science access to smaller class sizes taught by distinguished faculty, endowed funding for independent research, and dedicated advising faculty and staff.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduate_education">Graduate education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Graduate education">edit</a>]</div> Each college offers graduate education in the form of master's and doctoral programs. Most of the departments in the College of Arts and Letters offer PhDs, while a professional <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Divinity" title="Master of Divinity">Master of Divinity</a> (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhDs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Architecture" title="Master of Architecture">Master of Architecture</a>, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhDs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs, including MBA and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Accountancy" title="Master of Accountancy">Master of Science in Accountancy</a> programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program.<a href="#cite_note-Grad_Degrees-149">[148]</a> The Alliance for Catholic Education program<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> offers a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Education" title="Master of Education">Master of Education</a> program, where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> for two school years.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a> (LLM) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissertation">thesis</a> not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924, with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering doctorates.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> Although Notre Dame does not have its own medical school, it offers a combined <a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> though the regional campus of the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Indiana University School of Medicine">Indiana University School of Medicine</a>, where Indiana medical students may spend the first two years of their medical education before transferring to the main medical campus at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University%E2%80%93Purdue_University_Indianapolis" title="Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis">Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centers_and_institutes">Centers and institutes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Centers and institutes">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, Notre Dame announced plans to rename the Center for Ethics and Culture, an organization focused on spreading Catholic moral and intellectual traditions. The new de Nicola A $10 million gift from Anthony and Christie de Nicola funded the Center for Ethics and Culture.<a href="#cite_note-sbtribune-179">[178]</a> The university is also home to the McGrath Institute for Church Life, which "partners with Catholic dioceses, parishes and schools to address pastoral challenges with theological depth and rigor".<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, founded in 1986 through donations <a href="/wiki/Joan_B._Kroc" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan B. Kroc">Joan B. Kroc</a>, the surviving spouse of <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> owner <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kroc" title="Ray Kroc">Ray Kroc</a>, and inspired by Father Hesburgh, is dedicated to research, education, and outreach, on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers Ph.D., master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Notre_Dame_Law_Library.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/University_of_Notre_Dame_Law_Library.JPG/220px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Law_Library.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/University_of_Notre_Dame_Law_Library.JPG/330px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Law_Library.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/University_of_Notre_Dame_Law_Library.JPG/440px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Law_Library.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The interior of the Kresge Law Library at the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">Notre Dame Law School</a></figcaption></figure> The university's library system is divided between the main library, the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, and each of the colleges and schools. The Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, is the third building to house the main collection.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Word_of_Life_(mural)" title="Word of Life (mural)">Word of Life</a> <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">mural</a> by <a href="/wiki/Millard_Sheets" title="Millard Sheets">Millard Sheets</a>, popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a <a href="/wiki/Touchdown" title="Touchdown">touchdown</a> adorns the front of the library.<a href="#cite_note-:1-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clarke_Memorial_Fountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Clarke_Memorial_Fountain.jpg/220px-Clarke_Memorial_Fountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Clarke_Memorial_Fountain.jpg/330px-Clarke_Memorial_Fountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Clarke_Memorial_Fountain.jpg/440px-Clarke_Memorial_Fountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Clarke_Memorial_Fountain" title="Clarke Memorial Fountain">Clarke Memorial Fountain</a>, a war memorial dedicated in 1986, known colloquially as "Stonehenge"<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></figcaption></figure> The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry and Physics, Engineering, Law, and <a href="/wiki/O%27Meara_Mathematics_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Meara Mathematics Library">Mathematics</a> and information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> A theology library, opened in the fall of 2015 on the first floor of Stanford Hall, is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. With over three million volumes, the library system was the single largest university library in the world at the time of completion.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> It remains one of the hundred largest libraries in the country.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Admissions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="float:right; clear:right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Undergraduate admissions statistics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="position:relative;">2022 entering class<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a>Change vs. 2017<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></div><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admit rate</th><td class="infobox-data">12.9% <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> −6.2)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Yield_(college_admissions)" title="Yield (college admissions)">Yield rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">60% <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> +3.4)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">Test scores <a href="/wiki/Interquartile_range" title="Interquartile range">middle 50%</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> Total</th><td class="infobox-data">1460-1540 <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> same median)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">ACT</a> Composite</th><td class="infobox-data">33–35 <div style="float:right;">(<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> +1 median)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> The fall 2024 incoming class admitted 3,324 from a pool of 29,943 applicants for 11.1 percent acceptance rate.<a href="#cite_note-admissions.nd.edu-191">[190]</a> The university practices a non-restrictive <a href="/wiki/Early_action" title="Early action">early action</a> policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame and any other colleges that accepted them.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> This process admitted 1,675 of the 9,683 (17 percent) who requested it.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> Admission is <a href="/wiki/Need-blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Need-blind">need-blind</a> for domestic applicants.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools; the average student traveled over 750 mi (1,210 km) to Notre Dame. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 26 percent have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 21 percent in engineering, 26 percent in business, 24 percent in science, and 3 percent in architecture.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuition">Tuition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tuition">edit</a>]</div> Tuition for full-time students at the University of Notre Dame in 2023 is $62,693 a year.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Notre_Dame-196">[195]</a> Room and board is estimated to be an additional $17,378 a year for students who live in campus housing. Notre Dame is a private university, so it offers the same tuition for in-state and out-of-state students.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Notre_Dame-196">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Rankings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">Academic rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">National</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Top_Colleges" title="America's Top Colleges">Forbes</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-197">[196]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">42</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_NU-198">[197]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly_college_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Monthly college rankings">Washington Monthly</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_NU-199">[198]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">10</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">WSJ</a>/College Pulse<a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-200">[199]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">17</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Global</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-201">[200]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">316=</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_THES_W-202">[201]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">199=</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_Universities_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-203">[202]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">378</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#0C2340;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C99700, inset -2px -2px 0 #C99700;"> USNWR graduate rankings<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Grad_School_Rankings-204">[203]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Business </td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engineering </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Law </td> <td>22 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#0C2340;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C99700, inset -2px -2px 0 #C99700;"> USNWR graduate departmental rankings<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Grad_School_Rankings-204">[203]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Biological Sciences </td> <td>73 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Analytical Chemistry </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemistry </td> <td>59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clinical Psychology </td> <td>37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Computer Science </td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Earth Sciences </td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economics </td> <td>47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>English </td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fine Arts </td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <td>History </td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-profit Business </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Logic </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics </td> <td>52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Political Science </td> <td>37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Political Theory </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Psychology </td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sociology </td> <td>32 </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2022, Notre Dame ranked 9th for "best undergraduate teaching", 22nd for "best value" school and tied for 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>'s Best Colleges report.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> The school ranked 18th in U.S. News & World Report's 2022 Best University Rankings report.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> U.S. News ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as tied for 12th best in the U.S. in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Gourmet_Report" title="Philosophical Gourmet Report">Philosophical Gourmet Report</a> ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 17th nationally.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/PayScale" title="PayScale">PayScale</a>, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th-highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> Named by <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> as one of the "25 New <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivies</a>."<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> The university is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Associated_Universities" title="Oak Ridge Associated Universities">Oak Ridge Associated Universities Consortium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Notre_Dame_Hallway.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/University_of_Notre_Dame_Hallway.JPG/170px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Hallway.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/University_of_Notre_Dame_Hallway.JPG/255px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Hallway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/University_of_Notre_Dame_Hallway.JPG/340px-University_of_Notre_Dame_Hallway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Hallway within Hurley Hall</figcaption></figure> Joseph Carrier, director of the Science Museum and the library, was a professor of chemistry and physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. Notable researchers in the early history of the university include John Augustine Zahm, whose book book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true;<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Francis_Zahm" title="Albert Francis Zahm">Albert Zahm</a>, John's brother, who built an early <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a> to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models; Jerome Green, who became the first American to send a wireless message;<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nieuwland" title="Julius Nieuwland">Julius Nieuwland</a>, who performed early work on basic reactions that were used to create <a href="/wiki/Neoprene" title="Neoprene">neoprene</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> The study of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a> at the university began with the building of a <a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">nuclear accelerator</a> in 1936,<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> and continues now partly through a partnership in the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Astrophysics" title="Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics">Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mestrovic_Pieta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mestrovic_Pieta.jpg/220px-Mestrovic_Pieta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mestrovic_Pieta.jpg/330px-Mestrovic_Pieta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mestrovic_Pieta.jpg/440px-Mestrovic_Pieta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Mestrovic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietà (Mestrovic)">Pietà</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Meštrović">Ivan Meštrović</a>, a European émigré</figcaption></figure> The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced many Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; President John O'Hara brought many of them to Notre Dame. <a href="/wiki/Anton-Hermann_Chroust" title="Anton-Hermann Chroust">Anton-Hermann Chroust</a>, in classics and law,<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> and Waldemar Gurian, a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent, came from Germany.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> Ivan Meštrović, a renowned sculptor, brought Croat culture to campus.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yves_Simon_(philosopher)" title="Yves Simon (philosopher)">Yves Simon</a> brought the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy to the university in the 1940s; his teacher, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a>, was a frequent visitor to campus.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> The exiles developed a distinctive emphasis on the evils of <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarianism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Sullivan" title="Richard T. Sullivan">Richard T. Sullivan</a> taught English from 1936 to 1974 and published six novels, dozens of short stories, and other works.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Malley" title="Frank O'Malley">Frank O'Malley</a> was an English professor during the 1930s–1960s, who developed a concept of Christian philosophy that was a fundamental element in his thought.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> In 1939, <a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Gurian" title="Waldemar Gurian">Waldemar Gurian</a> founded <a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Politics" title="The Review of Politics">The Review of Politics</a>, which quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> The College of Arts and Letters is distinguished for its contributions in the field of theology and religious studies,<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> while its affiliated Medieval Institute is the largest center for <a href="/wiki/Medieval_studies" title="Medieval studies">medieval studies</a> in North America.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> The university has many multi-disciplinary research institutes, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace Studies</a>, and the Center for Social Concerns.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development,<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> <a href="/wiki/Genome_project" title="Genome project">genome mapping</a>,<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> the increasing <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">trade deficit</a> of the United States with China,<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> studies in <a href="/wiki/Fluid_mechanics" title="Fluid mechanics">fluid mechanics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> <a href="/wiki/Computational_science_and_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational science and engineering">computational science and engineering</a>,<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Supramolecular_chemistry" title="Supramolecular chemistry">supramolecular chemistry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> and marketing trends on the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit">[update]</a>, the university was home to the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Global_Adaptation_Index" title="Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index">Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index</a>, which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> In the fiscal 2019, the university received the all-time high research funding of $180.6 million, an increase of $100 million from 2009 and a 27 percent increase from the previous year, with funded projects including vector-borne diseases, urbanism, environmental design, cancer, psychology, economics, philosophy of religion, particle physics, nanotechnology, and hypersonics.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> Notre Dame has a strong background in the humanities, with 65 <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> fellowships, more than any other university. Focus areas include anti-poverty economic strategy, the premier Medieval Institute, Latino studies, sacred music, Italian studies, Catholic studies, psychology, aging and stress, social good, and theology.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> In the sciences, research focuses and specialized centers include the Harper Cancer Research Institute, the Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, the Center for Nano Science and Technology, the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, the Eck Institute for Global Health, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center, Topology and Quantum Field Theory, the Nuclear Physics Research Group, and the Environmental Change Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Student life">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Student body composition as of May 2, 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> </td> <td align="right">68% </td> <td align="left">68<div style="width:136px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td align="right">12% </td> <td align="left">12<div style="width:24px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<a href="#cite_note-241">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">7% </td> <td align="left">7<div style="width:14px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">5% </td> <td align="left">5<div style="width:10px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign national</a> </td> <td align="right">5% </td> <td align="left">5<div style="width:10px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td align="right">3% </td> <td align="left">3<div style="width:6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">Economic diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_lower_class" title="American lower class">Low-income</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[c]</a> </td> <td align="right">11% </td> <td align="left">11<div style="width:22px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluent</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[d]</a> </td> <td align="right">89% </td> <td align="left">89<div style="width:178px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> As of Fall 2020, the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,681 students, with 8,731 <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduates</a> and 3,950 <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate</a> and professional (Law, M.Div., Business, MEd) students.<a href="#cite_note-About-6">[6]</a> An estimated 21–24 percent of students are children of <a href="/wiki/Alumnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumnus">alumni</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> and the student body represents all 50 states and 88 countries. Thirty-seven percent of students come from the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>, and 40 percent of students are U.S. students of color, eight percent are international citizens.<a href="#cite_note-admissions.nd.edu-191">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residence_halls">Residence halls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Residence halls">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_residence_halls" title="University of Notre Dame residence halls">University of Notre Dame residence halls</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Howard_Hall.jpg/220px-Howard_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Howard_Hall.jpg/330px-Howard_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Howard_Hall.jpg/440px-Howard_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3571" data-file-height="2381" /></a><figcaption>Howard Hall, one of 15 women's dormitories</figcaption></figure>The residence halls, or dorms, are the focus of student social and intramural life.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-246">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> Each hall is led by a rector, a full-time, live-in professional who serves as leader, chief administrator, community builder and university resource to the residents, and is a priest, religious sister or brother, or a layperson trained in ministry and/or education.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> Rectors direct the hall community, foster bonding, and often coordinate with professors, academic advisors, and counselors to watch over students and assist them with their personal development.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> Rectors select, hire, train, and supervise hall staff: <a href="/wiki/Resident_assistant" title="Resident assistant">resident assistants</a> (required to be seniors) and assistant rectors (graduate students).<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> Many residence halls also have a priest or faculty members in residence as faculty fellows, who provide an additional academic and intellectual experience to residential hall life.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> Every hall has its own chapel, dedicated to the hall's patron saint, and liturgical schedule with masses celebrated multiple times a week during the academic year, in the tradition of individual chapels at English <a href="/wiki/Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom">university colleges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a> are not allowed on campus, as they are described as in opposition to the university's educational and residential mission.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> The residential halls provide the social and communal aspect of fraternities, but in line with the university's policy of inclusion and zero tolerance of hazing.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> Over four-fifths of students live in the same residence hall for three consecutive years and about one-third of students live in the same residence hall for all four years As of October 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> A new policy was put into effect beginning in 2018, which required undergraduates to live on-campus for three years. In spring 2019, the university also announced a policy (that has since been reversed) that prohibited students living off campus from participating in dorm activities, such as intramural sports and dorm dances.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> Most intramural (interhall) sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football.<a href="#cite_note-Life_FAQ-258">[254]</a> At the end of the interhall football season, the championship game is played in <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Stadium" title="Notre Dame Stadium">Notre Dame Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dillon-Hall-Football-2017-259">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_clubs">Student clubs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Student clubs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knight_of_Columbus_Notre_Dame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Knight_of_Columbus_Notre_Dame.jpg/220px-Knight_of_Columbus_Notre_Dame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Knight_of_Columbus_Notre_Dame.jpg/330px-Knight_of_Columbus_Notre_Dame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Knight_of_Columbus_Notre_Dame.jpg/440px-Knight_of_Columbus_Notre_Dame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The hall of the Notre Dame Council of the Knights of Columbus</figcaption></figure> There are over 400 active student clubs at the University of Notre Dame, with the financial oversight of each club delegated by the student-run <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Club_Coordination_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame Club Coordination Council">Club Coordination Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> The university subsidizes clubs, providing almost 15 percent of clubs' collective projected expenditures of $2.2 million during the 2018–2019 academic year.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> There are a variety of student clubs on campus, including nine for students from different states,<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> about three dozen clubs that represent different nationalities and origins,<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> and clubs dedicated to Catholic theology,<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> diverse faith practices, social service, political advocacy and awareness, competitive athletics, professional development and networking, performing arts, academic debate, foreign affairs, fraternal brotherhood, women's empowerment, and many other interests.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> The university hosts their annual Student Activities Fair early in the fall semester for all students interested in joining clubs or other student organizations.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Student_union">Student union</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Student union">edit</a>]</div> The Notre Dame Club Coordination Council (or simply the Club Coordination Council (CCC)) is the branch of the Student Union of the university responsible for communicating issues facing undergraduate club issues, providing funding for undergraduate clubs, serving as the representative body of undergraduate student clubs, and working with student clubs to ensure that clubs can coordinate their programming of activities.<a href="#cite_note-constitution-267">[263]</a> The CCC oversees around 400 student clubs,<a href="#cite_note-Student_Groups-268">[264]</a> each of which serves a unique purpose.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-fox-news-scop-denial-270">[266]</a> The approval of the council, along with that of the Notre Dame Student Activities Office, is a requirement for official recognition of student clubs.<a href="#cite_note-scop-denial-ncregister-271">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-irish-rover-scop-272">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-ClubRespect-273">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_events">Student events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Student events">edit</a>]</div> Website BestColleges.com ranks the university's <a href="/wiki/Intramural_sports" title="Intramural sports">intramural sports</a> program as number one in the country in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> Over 700 teams participate each year in the annual <a href="/wiki/Bookstore_Basketball" title="Bookstore Basketball">Bookstore Basketball</a> tournament;<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> while the Notre Dame Men's <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a> Club hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Bouts" title="Bengal Bouts">Bengal Bouts</a> tournament to raise money for the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross#The_Mission_of_Holy_Cross_in_Bangladesh" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Holy Cross Missions</a> in Bangladesh.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> In the fall, the Notre Dame Women's Boxing Club hosts an annual Baraka Bouts tournament that raises money for the Congregation of the Holy Cross Missions in Uganda.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> Many of the most popular student events held on campus are organized by the 30 residential halls. Among these, the most notable are the <a href="/wiki/Keenan_Revue" class="mw-redirect" title="Keenan Revue">Keenan Revue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Fisher Hall</a> Regatta, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Howard Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Howard Hall</a> Totter for Water, <a href="/wiki/Keenan_Hall" title="Keenan Hall">Keenan Hall</a> Muddy Sunday, the <a href="/wiki/Morrissey_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Morrissey Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Morrissey Hall</a> Medallion Hunt, the <a href="/wiki/Dillon_Hall" title="Dillon Hall">Dillon Hall</a> Pep Rally, the <a href="/wiki/Keough_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Keough Hall">Keough Hall</a> Chariot Race and many others. Each dorm also hosts many formal and informal balls and dances each year.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_life">Religious life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Religious life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_at_Night.jpg/220px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_at_Night.jpg/330px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_at_Night.jpg/440px-Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2038" data-file-height="3531" /></a><figcaption>Basilica of the Sacred Heart at night</figcaption></figure> While having a religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, over 93 percent of students identify as Christian, with over 80 percent of those being Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> There are 57 chapels on campus, including one in every residence hall. Collectively, <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Catholic Mass</a> is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community.<a href="#cite_note-Life_FAQ-258">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> There is also an active council of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus" title="Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a> on campus, which is the oldest and largest college council of the international Catholic men's organization.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> Non-Catholic religious organizations on campus include the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Student_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Student Union">Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM)</a>, Jewish Club of Notre Dame, the Muslim Student Association, the Orthodox Christian Fellowship, the Chi Alpha Christian Fellowship, and many more.<a href="#cite_note-Student_Groups-268">[264]</a> The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome).<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is on the campus across St. Joseph Lake from the Main Building.<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Old College, University of Notre Dame">Old College</a>, the oldest building on campus near the shore of St. Mary's Lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, and Columba Hall near the Grotto.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student-run_media">Student-run media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Student-run media">edit</a>]</div> Notre Dame students run nine media outlets: three newspapers, a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. The <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_(Notre_Dame_publication)" title="Scholastic (Notre Dame publication)">Scholastic</a> magazine, begun as a one-page journal in 1876,<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork.<a href="#cite_note-Publications-288">[284]</a> The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with <a href="/wiki/The_Observer_(Notre_Dame)" title="The Observer (Notre Dame)">The Observer</a> published daily and mainly reporting university and other news,<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the university.<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> In 2003, when other students believed that the paper had a liberal bias, they started <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Rover_(newspaper)" title="The Irish Rover (newspaper)">The Irish Rover</a>, a print and digital newspaper published twice per month that features regular columns from alumni and faculty and coverage of campus matters. As of 2005, The Observer and the Irish Rover were distributed to all students.<a href="#cite_note-Publications-288">[284]</a> In Spring 2008, Beyond Politics, an undergraduate journal for political science research, made its debut.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> In May 2023, a professor at the university, Tamara Kay, sued the Rover for defamation. The case was dismissed, and Kay filed an appeal in February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/WSND-FM" title="WSND-FM">WSND-FM</a> serves the student body and the larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM; it now airs independently and is streamed on the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> The television station NDtv grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by 2006.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Athletics">Athletics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Athletics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish">Notre Dame Fighting Irish</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre-dame-stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Notre-dame-stadium.jpg/220px-Notre-dame-stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Notre-dame-stadium.jpg/330px-Notre-dame-stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Notre-dame-stadium.jpg/440px-Notre-dame-stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Stadium" title="Notre Dame Stadium">Notre Dame Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> Notre Dame's sports teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (NCAA) <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a>, primarily competing in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a> (ACC) for all sports—except football and hockey —since the 2013–14 school year. Men's ice hockey is played in the <a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Ten conference">Big Ten conference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Athletics-295">[291]</a> Notre Dame men compete in baseball, basketball, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis and track and field; women's sports are basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. The football team competes as a <a href="/wiki/Football_Bowl_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Bowl Subdivision">Football Bowl Subdivision</a> (FBS) <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools" title="NCAA Division I FBS independent schools">Independent</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> since its inception in 1887, except for 2020, when it competed as part of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Both fencing teams compete in the <a href="/wiki/Midwest_Fencing_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest Fencing Conference">Midwest Fencing Conference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fans_and_players_gather_for_a_football_game_Sept._6,_2014,_at_Notre_Dame_Stadium_in_South_Bend,_Ind_140906-D-KC128-220.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large crowds seated in the Football Satdium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fans_and_players_gather_for_a_football_game_Sept._6%2C_2014%2C_at_Notre_Dame_Stadium_in_South_Bend%2C_Ind_140906-D-KC128-220.jpg/220px-Fans_and_players_gather_for_a_football_game_Sept._6%2C_2014%2C_at_Notre_Dame_Stadium_in_South_Bend%2C_Ind_140906-D-KC128-220.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fans_and_players_gather_for_a_football_game_Sept._6%2C_2014%2C_at_Notre_Dame_Stadium_in_South_Bend%2C_Ind_140906-D-KC128-220.jpg/330px-Fans_and_players_gather_for_a_football_game_Sept._6%2C_2014%2C_at_Notre_Dame_Stadium_in_South_Bend%2C_Ind_140906-D-KC128-220.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fans_and_players_gather_for_a_football_game_Sept._6%2C_2014%2C_at_Notre_Dame_Stadium_in_South_Bend%2C_Ind_140906-D-KC128-220.jpg/440px-Fans_and_players_gather_for_a_football_game_Sept._6%2C_2014%2C_at_Notre_Dame_Stadium_in_South_Bend%2C_Ind_140906-D-KC128-220.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Football stadium during a game</figcaption></figure> Notre Dame's sports conference affiliations, except football and fencing, changed in July 2013 because of <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9313_NCAA_conference_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–13 NCAA conference realignment">major conference realignment</a>, and its fencing affiliation changed in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9313_Big_East_Conference_realignment" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–13 Big East Conference realignment">prolonged period of instability</a> in the Big East;<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to playing five games per season against ACC opponents.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014–15 school year.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> There are many theories behind the adoption of the team name<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team, and alumnus <a href="/wiki/Francis_Wallace_(writer)" title="Francis Wallace (writer)">Francis Wallace</a> popularized it in his <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">New York Daily News</a> columns.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> Notre Dame's official colors are navy blue and gold.<a href="#cite_note-Gold_And_Blue-304">[300]</a> Green is sometimes worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname.<a href="#cite_note-Gold_And_Blue-304">[300]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Leprechaun" title="Notre Dame Leprechaun">Notre Dame Leprechaun</a> is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_W._Drake" title="Theodore W. Drake">Theodore W. Drake</a> in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football <a href="/wiki/Pocket_schedule" title="Pocket schedule">pocket schedule</a> and later the football program covers. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> featured it on a November 1964 cover.<a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> Since its inception in 2011, <a href="/wiki/Fighting_Irish_Media" title="Fighting Irish Media">Fighting Irish Media</a> (FIM), made up of part-time student workers and full time producers, has filmed nearly all Fighting Irish sporting events for live digital and linear broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> With the installation of a videoboard in Notre Dame Stadium in Fall 2017, FIM has taken over video board production for all Fighting Irish teams.<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> In 2014, the University of Notre Dame and <a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a> reached an agreement whereby the company provides uniforms, apparel, equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, was the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA at that time.<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> According to some analysts, without direct connection to the university or its athletic department, Notre Dame promotes <a href="/wiki/Muscular_Christianity" title="Muscular Christianity">Muscular Christianity</a> through its athletic programs.<a href="#cite_note-C&P-309">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sponsors-310">[306]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Football">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish football">Notre Dame Fighting Irish football</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2004_Notre_Dame-Navy_Game.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2004_Notre_Dame-Navy_Game.jpg/220px-2004_Notre_Dame-Navy_Game.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2004_Notre_Dame-Navy_Game.jpg/330px-2004_Notre_Dame-Navy_Game.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/2004_Notre_Dame-Navy_Game.jpg/440px-2004_Notre_Dame-Navy_Game.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2350" data-file-height="1461" /></a><figcaption>Notre Dame playing against Navy</figcaption></figure> The Notre Dame football team's history began when the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">Michigan</a> team brought the game to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students.<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> Since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus <a href="/wiki/College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS" title="College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS">national championships</a> (although the university only claims 11),<a href="#cite_note-Athletics-295">[291]</a> along with another nine teams being named national champions by at least one source.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> The program has the most members in the <a href="/wiki/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="College Football Hall of Fame">College Football Hall of Fame</a>,<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> is tied with <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football" title="Ohio State Buckeyes football">Ohio State</a> for the most <a href="/wiki/Heisman_Trophy" title="Heisman Trophy">Heisman Trophies</a> won by players,<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> and has the 3rd highest <a href="/wiki/Winning_percentage" title="Winning percentage">winning percentage</a> in NCAA history, behind <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football" title="Ohio State Buckeyes football">Ohio State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football" title="Alabama Crimson Tide football">Alabama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> Notre Dame has accumulated many <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football_rivalries" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish football rivalries">rivals</a>; the annual game against <a href="/wiki/USC_Trojans_football" title="USC Trojans football">USC</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Jeweled_Shillelagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeweled Shillelagh">Jeweled Shillelagh</a> has been described as one of the greatest in college football.<a href="#cite_note-greatest-316">[312]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knute_Rockne_on_ship%27s_deck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Knute_Rockne_on_ship%27s_deck.jpg/170px-Knute_Rockne_on_ship%27s_deck.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Knute_Rockne_on_ship%27s_deck.jpg/255px-Knute_Rockne_on_ship%27s_deck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Knute_Rockne_on_ship%27s_deck.jpg/340px-Knute_Rockne_on_ship%27s_deck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2460" data-file-height="3330" /></a><figcaption>Coach <a href="/wiki/Knute_Rockne" title="Knute Rockne">Knute Rockne</a></figcaption></figure> George Gipp was the school's legendary football player of the late 1910s.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> In 1928, coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat <a href="/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_football" title="Army Black Knights football">Army</a> and "win one for the Gipper"; that scene became the climax of the 1940 film <a href="/wiki/Knute_Rockne,_All_American" title="Knute Rockne, All American">Knute Rockne, All American</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Pat_O%27Brien_(actor)" title="Pat O'Brien (actor)">Pat O'Brien</a> as Rockne and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> as Gipp.<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> The team competes in the 80,795-seat Notre Dame Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a> The current head coach is <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Freeman" title="Marcus Freeman">Marcus Freeman</a>, who was promoted to head coach after <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kelly_(American_football_coach)" title="Brian Kelly (American football coach)">Brian Kelly</a> departed Notre Dame to coach at <a href="/wiki/LSU_Tigers_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="LSU Tigers football team">LSU</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football_team" title="2021 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team">2021 regular season</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> ranked the program college football's eighth most valuable for its average annual revenue of $120 million. It has a TV contract with NBC worth an estimated $15 million per year and one of the country's largest fan bases.<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Football_game-day_traditions">Football game-day traditions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Football game-day traditions">edit</a>]</div> During home games, activities occur all over campus and dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Zahm_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahm Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Zahm Hall</a>'s two-story banner). Traditional activities begin at midnight with the Drummers' Circle, involving the <a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Fighting_Irish" title="Band of the Fighting Irish">Band of the Fighting Irish</a>'s drumline beginning the other festivities that will continue the rest of the game day Saturday. Later that day, the trumpet section will play the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Victory_March" title="Notre Dame Victory March">Notre Dame Victory March</a> and the Notre Dame Alma Mater under the dome. The entire band will play a concert at the steps of Bond Hall, then march into the stadium, leading fans and students alike across campus to the game.<a href="#cite_note-ND_Gamedayl-321">[317]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Football gameday traditions</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Zahm_Hall_Gameday_Sign.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The "Here Come the Irish" gameday sign on Zahm Hall is multiple stories tall"><img alt="HERE COME THE IRISH" gameday sign on Zahm Hall is multiple stories tall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zahm_Hall_Gameday_Sign.JPG/160px-Zahm_Hall_Gameday_Sign.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zahm_Hall_Gameday_Sign.JPG/240px-Zahm_Hall_Gameday_Sign.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Zahm_Hall_Gameday_Sign.JPG/320px-Zahm_Hall_Gameday_Sign.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "Here Come the Irish" gameday sign on Zahm Hall is multiple stories tall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NDBandBondHall.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Band of the Fighting Irish plays on the steps of Bond Hall before every home game"><img alt="The Band of the Fighting Irish plays on the steps of Bond Hall before every home game" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/NDBandBondHall.png/160px-NDBandBondHall.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/NDBandBondHall.png/240px-NDBandBondHall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/NDBandBondHall.png/320px-NDBandBondHall.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Fighting_Irish" title="Band of the Fighting Irish">Band of the Fighting Irish</a> plays on the steps of Bond Hall before every home game</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Guard_with_Band_ND.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Irish Guard leading the Band of the Fighting Irish to the stadium"><img alt="The Irish Guard leading the Band of the Fighting Irish to the stadium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Irish_Guard_with_Band_ND.jpg/127px-Irish_Guard_with_Band_ND.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Irish_Guard_with_Band_ND.jpg/190px-Irish_Guard_with_Band_ND.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Irish_Guard_with_Band_ND.jpg/254px-Irish_Guard_with_Band_ND.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Irish Guard leading the Band of the Fighting Irish to the stadium</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre_Dame_Game_with_Band.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Band of the Fighting Irish plays inside Notre Dame Stadium."><img alt="The Band of the Fighting Irish plays inside Notre Dame Stadium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Notre_Dame_Game_with_Band.JPG/160px-Notre_Dame_Game_with_Band.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Notre_Dame_Game_with_Band.JPG/240px-Notre_Dame_Game_with_Band.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Notre_Dame_Game_with_Band.JPG/320px-Notre_Dame_Game_with_Band.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Band of the Fighting Irish plays inside <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Stadium" title="Notre Dame Stadium">Notre Dame Stadium</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ND_Stadium_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Band of the Fighting Irish spells out ND through which the Notre Dame Fighting Irish Football Team runs onto the field."><img alt="The Band of the Fighting Irish spells out ND through which the Notre Dame Fighting Irish Football Team runs onto the field" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ND_Stadium_2011.jpg/127px-ND_Stadium_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ND_Stadium_2011.jpg/190px-ND_Stadium_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ND_Stadium_2011.jpg/254px-ND_Stadium_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Band of the Fighting Irish spells out ND through which the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish Football">Notre Dame Fighting Irish Football</a> Team runs onto the field.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre_Dame_Stadium_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre Dame Stadium student section wearing "The Shirt" for the 2011 football season"><img alt="Notre Dame Stadium student section wearing "The Shirt" for the 2011 football season" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Notre_Dame_Stadium_2011.JPG/160px-Notre_Dame_Stadium_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Notre_Dame_Stadium_2011.JPG/240px-Notre_Dame_Stadium_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Notre_Dame_Stadium_2011.JPG/320px-Notre_Dame_Stadium_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Notre Dame Stadium student section wearing "The Shirt" for the 2011 football season</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Men's_basketball">Men's basketball</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Men's basketball">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_basketball" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball">Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joyce_ND_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joyce_ND_interior.jpg/280px-Joyce_ND_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joyce_ND_interior.jpg/420px-Joyce_ND_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Joyce_ND_interior.jpg/560px-Joyce_ND_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2142" /></a><figcaption>The Joyce Center, home stadium for Notre Dame's basketball teams</figcaption></figure> As of the 2020–2021 season, the men's basketball team has over 1,910 wins and appeared in 36 <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">NCAA tournaments</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBall-323">[319]</a> Former player <a href="/wiki/Austin_Carr" title="Austin Carr">Austin Carr</a> holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament with 61.<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> Although the team has never won the NCAA Tournament, they were named by the <a href="/wiki/Helms_Athletic_Foundation" title="Helms Athletic Foundation">Helms Athletic Foundation</a> as national champions twice.<a href="#cite_note-BBall-323">[319]</a> The team has orchestrated a number of <a href="/wiki/Upset_(competition)" title="Upset (competition)">upsets</a> of top-ranked teams, the most notable of which was ending <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_men%27s_basketball" title="UCLA Bruins men's basketball">UCLA</a>'s record 88-game winning streak in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> Notre Dame has beaten an additional eight number-one teams, and those nine wins rank second, to UCLA's 10, all-time in wins against the top team.<a href="#cite_note-BBall-323">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Other sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_women%27s_basketball" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball">Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey">Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's lacrosse">Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's lacrosse</a></div> Notre Dame has won an additional 15 national championships in sports other than football. Four teams have won multiple national championships; the fencing team leads with 10,<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> followed by the men's lacrosse,<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> men's tennis, and women's soccer teams with two each.<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-past-329">[325]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_cross_country" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's cross country">men's cross country</a><a href="#cite_note-past-329">[325]</a> and golf<a href="#cite_note-past-329">[325]</a> teams have won one and Notre Dame women's basketball has won two.<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> In the first 10 years that Notre Dame competed in the Big East Conference its teams won a total of 64 championships.<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit">[update]</a>, the women's swimming and diving team holds the Big East record for consecutive conference championships in any sport with 14 straight conference titles (1997–2010).<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Band_and_"Victory_March"">Band and "Victory March"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Band and "Victory March"">edit</a>]</div> The Band of the Fighting Irish was formed in 1846 and is the oldest university band in continuous existence.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">marching band</a> plays at home games for most sports. It regularly plays the school's <a href="/wiki/Fight_song" title="Fight song">fight song</a>, the Notre Dame "<a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Victory_March" title="Notre Dame Victory March">Victory March</a>", identified as the most played and most famous fight song by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University" title="Northern Illinois University">Northern Illinois</a> professor <a href="/wiki/William_Studwell" title="William Studwell">William Studwell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leroux-334">[330]</a> According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Victory March" is the greatest fight song.<a href="#cite_note-leroux-334">[330]</a> It was honored by the <a href="/wiki/National_Music_Council" title="National Music Council">National Music Council</a> as a "Landmark of American Music" during the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">United States Bicentennial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a> The song is featured in the films <a href="/wiki/Knute_Rockne,_All_American" title="Knute Rockne, All American">Knute Rockne, All American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airplane!" title="Airplane!">Airplane!</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudy_(film)" title="Rudy (film)">Rudy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alumni">Alumni</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Alumni">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Notre_Dame_alumni" title="List of University of Notre Dame alumni">List of University of Notre Dame alumni</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Notre_Dame_athletes" title="List of University of Notre Dame athletes">List of University of Notre Dame athletes</a>.</div> The school has over 130,000 alumni and 275 alumni clubs around the world.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a> Notre Dame is ranked among the universities with strongest alumni networks.<a href="#cite_note-:5-339">[335]</a> Many give the university yearly monetary support. Notre Dame is ranked among schools with the highest alumni donation rates.<a href="#cite_note-340">[336]</a> A school-record of 53.2 percent of alumni donating was set in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> Many buildings, including residence halls, on campus are named for major donors.<a href="#cite_note-342">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> Classroom buildings,<a href="#cite_note-344">[340]</a> and the performing arts center are also named for donors.<a href="#cite_note-DPAC-98">[97]</a> Alumni working in politics include <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">state governors</a>,<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a> members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>,<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a> and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[343]</a> Notable alumni from the College of Science are <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a>, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in medicine,<a href="#cite_note-348">[344]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Majerus" title="Philip Majerus">Philip Majerus</a>, discoverer of the cardioprotective effects of aspirin.<a href="#cite_note-349">[345]</a> Many university officials are alumni, including the current president, John Jenkins and incoming President Robert Dowd, a professor of Political Science who specializes in African Studies.<a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a> Alumni in media include talk show hosts <a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a>,<a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> and television and radio personalities such as <a href="/wiki/Mike_Golic" title="Mike Golic">Mike Golic</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[350]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Storm" title="Hannah Storm">Hannah Storm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[351]</a> A number of sports alumni have continued their careers in professional sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Joe_Theismann" title="Joe Theismann">Joe Theismann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Montana" title="Joe Montana">Joe Montana</a>,<a href="#cite_note-356">[352]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Brown_(American_football)" title="Tim Brown (American football)">Tim Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ross_Browner" title="Ross Browner">Ross Browner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Ismail" title="Rocket Ismail">Rocket Ismail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Riley" title="Ruth Riley">Ruth Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Samardzija" title="Jeff Samardzija">Jeff Samardzija</a>,<a href="#cite_note-357">[353]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bettis" title="Jerome Bettis">Jerome Bettis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Tuck" title="Justin Tuck">Justin Tuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Counsell" title="Craig Counsell">Craig Counsell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skylar_Diggins-Smith" title="Skylar Diggins-Smith">Skylar Diggins-Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brett_Lebda" title="Brett Lebda">Brett Lebda</a>, Olympic fencing gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Mariel_Zagunis" title="Mariel Zagunis">Mariel Zagunis</a> and two-time bronze medalist <a href="/wiki/Nick_Itkin" title="Nick Itkin">Nick Itkin</a>, professional boxer <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee_(boxer)" title="Mike Lee (boxer)">Mike Lee</a>, former football coaches such as <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Weis" title="Charlie Weis">Charlie Weis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Weis-358">[354]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Leahy" title="Frank Leahy">Frank Leahy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knute_Rockne" title="Knute Rockne">Knute Rockne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-359">[355]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame">Basketball Hall of Famers</a> <a href="/wiki/Austin_Carr" title="Austin Carr">Austin Carr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Dantley" title="Adrian Dantley">Adrian Dantley</a>. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._DeBartolo_Jr." title="Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.">Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wetherbee" title="Jim Wetherbee">Jim Wetherbee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-360">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[357]</a> Two alumni have received the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alan_Page" title="Alan Page">Alan Page</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._DeBartolo_Jr." title="Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.">Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.</a>), and two the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Anthony_Dooley_III" title="Thomas Anthony Dooley III">Thomas Anthony Dooley III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hanzlik" title="Bill Hanzlik">Bill Hanzlik</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The University of Notre Dame is the setting of several works of fiction, as well as the alma mater of some fictional characters.<a href="#cite_note-:9-362">[358]</a> In mid-20th century America, it became "perhaps the most popular symbol of Catholicism" as noted by The Routledge Companion to Religion and Popular Culture: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">By combining religion, ethnicity, masculinity, and athletics into a potent mixture of an aggressive and uniquely Catholic gospel of athletics, Notre Dame football became the emblematic program that represented American Catholic self-identity.<a href="#cite_note-363">[359]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Film">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Rockne,_All_American" title="Knute Rockne, All American">Knute Rockne, All American</a> is a 1940 biographical film which tells the story of Knute Rockne, Notre Dame football coach.<a href="#cite_note-364">[360]</a></li> <li>The "Win one for the Gipper" speech was parodied in the 1980 film <a href="/wiki/Airplane!" title="Airplane!">Airplane!</a> when, with the "Victory March" rising to a crescendo in the background, Dr. Rumak (played by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Nielsen" title="Leslie Nielsen">Leslie Nielsen</a>) urged reluctant pilot Ted Striker (played by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hays" title="Robert Hays">Robert Hays</a>) to "win just one for the Zipper", Striker's war buddy George Zipp. The "Victory March" also plays during the film's credits.<a href="#cite_note-365">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_(film)" title="Rudy (film)">Rudy</a> is a 1993 account of the life of <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Ruettiger" title="Rudy Ruettiger">Daniel "Rudy" Ruettiger</a>, who harbored dreams of playing football at Notre Dame despite significant obstacles.<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>President <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Josiah Bartlet">Josiah Bartlet</a> from the show <a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing" title="The West Wing">The West Wing</a> is a Notre Dame graduate and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Bartlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Abigail Bartlet">Abigail Bartlet</a> attended <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_College_(Indiana)" title="Saint Mary's College (Indiana)">Saint Mary's College</a>. <a href="/wiki/Danny_Concannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Danny Concannon">Danny Concannon</a>, a member of the White House press corps, is also a graduate of Notre Dame. Actor <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a> specifically asked that his character be a Notre Dame alumnus due to the Catholicism shared by both the actor and the character.<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-362">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[365]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_media">Other media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Other media">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>One of the music videos for the song "<a href="/wiki/This_Too_Shall_Pass_(OK_Go_song)" title="This Too Shall Pass (OK Go song)">This Too Shall Pass</a>" by <a href="/wiki/OK_Go" title="OK Go">OK Go</a> was created in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Fighting_Irish" title="Band of the Fighting Irish">University of Notre Dame Marching Band</a> and was shot on the university campus.<a href="#cite_note-370">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[367]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival">Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival</a>, held on campus every summer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> The university's campus actually contains two lakes, but according to legend, when Sorin arrived at the site everything was frozen, so he thought there was only one lake and named the university accordingly.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> Other consists of <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> & those who prefer to not say. </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> The percentage of students who received an income-based federal <a href="/wiki/Pell_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pell grant">Pell grant</a> intended for low-income students. </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> The percentage of students who are a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">American middle class</a> at the bare minimum. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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University of Notre Dame. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notre+Dame+%E2%80%93+100+Years%3A+Chapter+XXVI&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.nd.edu%2Fhope%2Fhope26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethicscenter.nd.edu/about/inspire/great-figures/john-cardinal-ohara-1888-1960/">"John Cardinal O'Hara // de Nicola Center for Ethics and Culture // University of Notre Dame"</a>. ethicscenter.nd.edu. Retrieved October 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ethicscenter.nd.edu&rft.atitle=John+Cardinal+O%27Hara+%2F%2F+de+Nicola+Center+for+Ethics+and+Culture+%2F%2F+University+of+Notre+Dame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethicscenter.nd.edu%2Fabout%2Finspire%2Fgreat-figures%2Fjohn-cardinal-ohara-1888-1960%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSperber2002" class="citation book cs1">Sperber, Murray (2002). Shake Down the Thunder: the creation of Notre Dame football. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253215680" title="Special:BookSources/9780253215680"><bdi>9780253215680</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shake+Down+the+Thunder%3A+the+creation+of+Notre+Dame+football&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780253215680&rft.aulast=Sperber&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndsmcobserver.com/2017/11/notre-dame-navy-partnership/">"Notre Dame, Navy partnership serves as foundation of historic series // The Observer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Observer_(Notre_Dame)" title="The Observer (Notre Dame)">The Observer</a>. November 17, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Notre+Dame%2C+Navy+partnership+serves+as+foundation+of+historic+series+%2F%2F+The+Observer&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fndsmcobserver.com%2F2017%2F11%2Fnotre-dame-navy-partnership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nd.edu/hope/hope32.htm">"Notre Dame – 100 Years: Chapter XXXII"</a>. archives.nd.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.nd.edu&rft.atitle=Notre+Dame+%E2%80%93+100+Years%3A+Chapter+XXXII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.nd.edu%2Fhope%2Fhope32.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Wolfgang Saxon, Rev. John Cavanaugh, 80, Former President of Notre Dame (December 30, 1979). </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nd.edu/moore/moore02.htm">"Academic Development of Notre Dame: 2"</a>. University of Notre Dame. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Development+of+Notre+Dame%3A+2&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.nd.edu%2Fmoore%2Fmoore02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nd.edu/pr/pdf/PR_1947_11.pdf">"Release: Monday, November 10 2 1947"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved October 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Notre+Dame+Advisory+Council+Community+Pages&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadvisorycouncil.nd.edu%2Fs%2F1210%2F571-Club-Hub%2Finterior-wide-hybrid.aspx%3Fgid%3D584%26pgid%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDePalma2015" class="citation web cs1">DePalma, Anthony (February 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/28/us/rev-theodore-hesburgh-influential-ex-president-of-notre-dame-dies-at-97.html">"Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, 97, Dies; Lifted Notre Dame and Advised Presidents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved October 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rev.+Theodore+Hesburgh%2C+97%2C+Dies%3B+Lifted+Notre+Dame+and+Advised+Presidents&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=DePalma&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F28%2Fus%2Frev-theodore-hesburgh-influential-ex-president-of-notre-dame-dies-at-97.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThayer2015" class="citation web cs1">Thayer, Kate (February 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/chi-theodore-hesburgh-dead-20150227-story.html">"Theodore Hesburgh a visionary president who transformed Notre Dame"</a>. chicagotribune.com. Retrieved October 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chicagotribune.com&rft.atitle=Theodore+Hesburgh+a+visionary+president+who+transformed+Notre+Dame&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnation-world%2Fchi-theodore-hesburgh-dead-20150227-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2015/02/28/Obituary-Theodore-M-Hesburgh-Transformed-Notre-Dame-into-academic-powerhouse/stories/201502280147">"Obituary: Theodore M. Hesburgh / Transformed Notre Dame into academic powerhouse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a>. 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Retrieved October 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.insidehighered.com&rft.atitle=Father+Hesburgh%2C+leader+at+Notre+Dame+and+in+American+higher+education%2C+dies+at+97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F02%2F27%2Ffather-hesburgh-leader-notre-dame-and-american-higher-education-dies-97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Michael O'Brien, Hesburgh: A Biography (1998); Theodore M. Hesburgh, God, Country, Notre Dame: The Autobiography of Theodore M. Hesburgh University of Notre Dame Press (2000) </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nd.edu/research/facts/women.htm">"Archives of the University of Notre Dame :: Presidents of the University of Notre Dame"</a>. University of Notre Dame. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archives+of+the+University+of+Notre+Dame+%3A%3A+Presidents+of+the+University+of+Notre+Dame&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.nd.edu%2Fresearch%2Ffacts%2Fwomen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Susan L. Poulson and Loretta P. 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Retrieved November 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+Sports&rft.atitle=What+richest+apparel+deal+in+NCAA+history+means+for+Notre+Dame%2C+Under+Armour&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxsports.com%2Fcollege-football%2Fstory%2Fwhat-richest-apparel-deal-in-ncaa-history-means-for-notre-dame-ua-012114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-C&P-309"><a href="#cite_ref-C&P_309-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlister_E._McGrath2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alister_E._McGrath" class="mw-redirect" title="Alister E. McGrath">Alister E. McGrath</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KQzhEclsl94C&pg=PT380">Christianity's Dangerous Idea</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperOne" title="HarperOne">HarperOne</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780061864742" title="Special:BookSources/9780061864742"><bdi>9780061864742</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 1, 2011. <q>Nor is sport a purely Protestant concern: Catholicism can equally well be said to promote muscular Christianity, at least to some extent, through the athletic programs of such leading schools as the University of Notre Dame in Indiana.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%27s+Dangerous+Idea&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780061864742&rft.au=Alister+E.+McGrath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKQzhEclsl94C%26pg%3DPT380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sponsors-310"><a href="#cite_ref-Sponsors_310-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimmelAronson2004" class="citation book cs1">Kimmel, Michael S.; Aronson, Amy (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jWj5OBvTh1IC&pg=PA558">Men and Masculinities: a Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopædia, Volume 1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576077740" title="Special:BookSources/9781576077740"><bdi>9781576077740</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 1, 2011. <q>As <a href="/wiki/Neo-orthodoxy" title="Neo-orthodoxy">neo-orthodoxy</a> arose in the mainline Protestant churches, Muscular Christianity declined there. It did not, however, disappear from American landscape, because it found some new sponsors. In the early 2000s (decade) these include the Catholic Church and various rightward-leaning Protestant groups. 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Retrieved October 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Rudy+Ruettiger+on+%27Rudy%27+at+25%3A+Stop+asking+if+that+Notre+Dame+jersey+scene+really+happened&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmovies%2F2018%2F08%2F27%2Frudy-ruettiger-notre-dame-jersey-scene-real%2F1088808002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/10/13/west-wing-cast-martin-sheen-anniversary/16153423/">"15 years later: 'West Wing' cast members, producer reflect on political show"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=15+years+later%3A+%27West+Wing%27+cast+members%2C+producer+reflect+on+political+show&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation-now%2F2014%2F10%2F13%2Fwest-wing-cast-martin-sheen-anniversary%2F16153423%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/westwing">"The Definitive History Of The West Wing"</a>. Empire Online. Retrieved June 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empire+Online&rft.atitle=The+Definitive+History+Of+The+West+Wing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fwestwing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.songfacts.com/facts/ok-go/this-too-shall-pass">"ShieldSquare Captcha"</a>. www.songfacts.com. Retrieved June 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.songfacts.com&rft.atitle=ShieldSquare+Captcha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.songfacts.com%2Ffacts%2Fok-go%2Fthis-too-shall-pass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecurrent.org/feature/2020/11/02/ok-go-offer-an-anthem-for-2020-with-the-help-of-a-marching-band">"OK Go offer an anthem for 2020, with marching band"</a>. www.thecurrent.org. Retrieved June 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecurrent.org&rft.atitle=OK+Go+offer+an+anthem+for+2020%2C+with+marching+band&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecurrent.org%2Ffeature%2F2020%2F11%2F02%2Fok-go-offer-an-anthem-for-2020-with-the-help-of-a-marching-band&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Notre+Dame" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Burns, Robert E. Being Catholic, Being American: The Notre Dame Story, 1842-1934, Vol. 1. (1999), a major scholarly history. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beingcatholicbei0000burn/page/n5/mode/2up">online</a> <ul><li>Burns, Robert E. Being Catholic, Being American: The Notre Dame Story, 1934–1952, Vol. 2. (2000). 632pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0268021635">excerpt and text search</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corson, Dorothy V. A Cave of Candles: The Spirit, History, Legends and Lore of Notre Dame and Saint Mary's (2006), 222pp.</li> <li>Hesburgh, Theodore M. God, Country, Notre Dame: The Autobiography of Theodore M. Hesburgh (2000)</li> <li>McAvoy, Thomas T. "Notre Dame, 1919–1922: The Burns Revolution." Review of Politics 1963 25(4): 431–450. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405842">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>McAvoy, Thomas T. Father O'Hara of Notre Dame (1967)</li> <li>Massa, Mark S. Catholics and American Culture: Fulton Sheen, Dorothy Day, and the Notre Dame Football Team. (1999). 278 pp.</li> <li>Miscamble, Wilson D. American Priest: The Ambitious Life and Conflicted Legacy of Notre Dame's Father Ted Hesburgh (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanpriest--tedhesburghandapostchristiannationwilsonmiscamble2019">online</a></li> <li>O'Brien, Michael. Hesburgh: A Biography. (1998). 354 pp.</li> <li>O'Connell, Marvin R. Edward Sorin. (2001). 792 pp.</li> <li>Pilkinton, Mark C. Washington Hall at Notre Dame: Crossroads of the University, 1864–2004 (University of Notre Dame Press, 2011) 419 pp.</li> <li>Rice, Charles E., Ralph McInerny, and Alfred J. Freddoso. What Happened to Notre Dame? (2009) laments the weakening of Catholicism at ND</li> <li>Robinson, Ray. Rockne of Notre Dame: The Making of a Football Legend. (1999). 290 pp.</li> <li>Sperber, Murray. Shake Down the Thunder: The Creation of Notre Dame Football. (1993) 634 pp.</li> <li>Yaeger, Don and Looney, Douglas S. Under the Tarnished Dome: How Notre Dame Betrayed Its Ideals for Football Glory. (1993). 299 pp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Campus_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Campus of the University of Notre Dame">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Coat of arms of the University of Notre Dame">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commencement_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Commencement at the University of Notre Dame">Commencement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Congregation of Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Indiana" title="Notre Dame, Indiana">Notre Dame, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="President of the University of Notre Dame">President</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Notre_Dame_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre Dame Coat of Arms"><img alt="Notre Dame Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/University_of_Notre_Dame_coat_of_arms.svg/100px-University_of_Notre_Dame_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/University_of_Notre_Dame_coat_of_arms.svg/150px-University_of_Notre_Dame_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/University_of_Notre_Dame_coat_of_arms.svg/200px-University_of_Notre_Dame_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="147" data-file-height="187" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%">Schools and colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters">College of Arts and Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Engineering" title="Notre Dame College of Engineering">College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_College_of_Science" title="Notre Dame College of Science">College of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoza_College_of_Business" title="Mendoza College of Business">Mendoza College of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_School_of_Architecture" title="Notre Dame School of Architecture">School of Architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_Study_of_Religion_and_Society" title="Center for the Study of Religion and Society">Center for the Study of Religion and Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_Environmental_Research_Center" title="University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center">Environmental Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Society" title="History of Science Society">History of Science Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_Review" title="Notre Dame Law Review">Notre Dame Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Legislation" title="Journal of Legislation">Journal of Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Institute,_Notre_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Institute, Notre Dame">Medieval Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Journal_of_Law,_Ethics_%26_Public_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy">Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_OpenCourseWare" title="Notre Dame OpenCourseWare">Notre Dame OpenCourseWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESTEEM_Program" title="ESTEEM Program">ESTEEM Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driehaus_Architecture_Prize" title="Driehaus Architecture Prize">Driehaus Architecture Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Midland_Naturalist" title="The American Midland Naturalist">The American Midland Naturalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%">Campus buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Stadium_(Notre_Dame)" title="Alumni Stadium (Notre Dame)">Alumni Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Notre_Dame)" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame)">Basilica of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Bond Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Bond Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartier_Field" title="Cartier Field">Cartier Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Family_Ice_Arena" title="Compton Family Ice Arena">Compton Family Ice Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeBartolo_Performing_Arts_Center" title="DeBartolo Performing Arts Center">DeBartolo Performing Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fieldhouse" title="Notre Dame Fieldhouse">Fieldhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Eck_Stadium" title="Frank Eck Stadium">Frank Eck Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes,_Notre_Dame" title="Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, Notre Dame">Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesburgh_Library" title="Hesburgh Library">Hesburgh Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Center" title="Joyce Center">Joyce Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFortune_Student_Center" title="LaFortune Student Center">LaFortune Student Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Chapel_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Log Chapel (University of Notre Dame)">Log Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Main Building (University of Notre Dame)">Main Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Inn_at_Notre_Dame" title="Morris Inn at Notre Dame">Morris Inn at Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Stadium" title="Notre Dame Stadium">Notre Dame Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snite_Museum_of_Art" title="Snite Museum of Art">Snite Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Center" title="Stepan Center">Stepan Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Washington Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Washington Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsh_Family_Hall_of_Architecture" title="Walsh Family Hall of Architecture">Walsh Family Hall of Architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%">Residence halls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_residence_halls" title="University of Notre Dame residence halls">Residence halls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Alumni Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badin_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Badin Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Badin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baumer_Hall" title="Baumer Hall">Baumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breen-Phillips_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Breen-Phillips Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Breen-Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Hall" title="Carroll Hall">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavanaugh_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavanaugh Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Cavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Hall" title="Dillon Hall">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duncan Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunne_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Dunne Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farley_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Farley Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaherty_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Flaherty Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Howard Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Family_Hall" title="Johnson Family Hall">Johnson Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keenan_Hall" title="Keenan Hall">Keenan </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keough_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keough Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Keough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knott_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knott Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Knott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hall_(Notre_Dame)" title="Lewis Hall (Notre Dame)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyons_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Lyons Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGlinn_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="McGlinn Hall (University of Notre Dame)">McGlinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Morrissey Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_College,_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Old College, University of Notre Dame">Old College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_Family_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="O'Neill Family Hall (University of Notre Dame)">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasquerilla_East_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasquerilla East Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Pasquerilla East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasquerilla_West_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Pasquerilla West Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Pasquerilla West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryan Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siegfried Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Siegfried </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorin_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Sorin Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Sorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Stanford </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Edward%27s_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="St. Edward's Hall (University of Notre Dame)">St. Edward's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsh_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Family_Hall_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Family Hall (University of Notre Dame)">Welsh Family </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahm_Hall" title="Zahm Hall">Zahm</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish">Athletics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_baseball" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Bouts" title="Bengal Bouts">Bengal Bouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookstore_Basketball" title="Bookstore Basketball">Bookstore Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish football">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Notre_Dame_vs._Miami_football_game" title="1988 Notre Dame vs. Miami football game">Catholics vs. Convicts 1988 game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholics_vs._Convicts_(film)" title="Catholics vs. Convicts (film)">Catholics vs. Convicts film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame%E2%80%93USC_football_rivalry" title="Notre Dame–USC football rivalry">Jeweled Shillelagh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Leprechaun" title="Notre Dame Leprechaun">Leprechaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_basketball" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball">Men's Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey">Men's Ice Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's lacrosse">Men's Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men%27s_soccer" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's soccer">Men's Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Rugby_Football_Club" title="Notre Dame Rugby Football Club">Rugby Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_softball" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_women%27s_basketball" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball">Women's Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame%E2%80%93UConn_women%27s_basketball_rivalry" title="Notre Dame–UConn women's basketball rivalry">Notre Dame–UConn rivalry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_women%27s_lacrosse" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's lacrosse">Women's Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_women%27s_soccer" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's soccer">Women's Soccer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%">Culture and the arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_of_the_Fighting_Irish" title="Band of the Fighting Irish">Band of the Fighting Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Guard_(Notre_Dame)" title="Irish Guard (Notre Dame)">Irish Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Medal" title="Laetare Medal">Laetare Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Collegiate_Jazz_Festival" title="Notre Dame Collegiate Jazz Festival">Notre Dame Collegiate Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Glee_Club" title="Notre Dame Glee Club">Notre Dame Glee Club</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Our_Mother" title="Notre Dame, Our Mother">Notre Dame, Our Mother</a>" (Alma mater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Review" title="Notre Dame Review">Notre Dame Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame Symphony Orchestra">Notre Dame Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_March_(fight_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory March (fight song)">"Notre Dame Victory March"</a> (Fight song)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_(Notre_Dame_publication)" title="Scholastic (Notre Dame publication)">Scholastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Observer_(Notre_Dame)" title="The Observer (Notre Dame)">The Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Rover_(newspaper)" title="The Irish Rover (newspaper)">The Irish Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival">Shakespeare Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_Press" title="University of Notre Dame Press">University of Notre Dame Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNDU-TV" title="WNDU-TV">WNDU-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSND-FM" title="WSND-FM">WSND-FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%">Campus art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_Corby_of_Gettysburg" title="Chaplain Corby of Gettysburg">Chaplain Corby of Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_and_the_Samaritan_Woman_(Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87)" title="Christ and the Samaritan Woman (Meštrović)">Christ and the Samaritan Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Memorial_Fountain" title="Clarke Memorial Fountain">Clarke Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Murals" title="Columbus Murals">Columbus Murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Mestrovic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietà (Mestrovic)">Mestrovic Pietà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus_statue_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Sacred Heart of Jesus statue (University of Notre Dame)">Sacred Heart of Jesus statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Edward_Sorin" title="Statue of Edward Sorin">Statue of Edward Sorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Knute_Rockne" title="Statue of Knute Rockne">Statue of Knute Rockne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Moses_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Statue of Moses (University of Notre Dame)">Statue of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_of_Life_(mural)" title="Word of Life (mural)">Word of Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;;width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sorin" title="Edward Sorin">Fr. Edward Sorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Zahm" title="John Augustine Zahm">Fr. John Augustine Zahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nieuwland" title="Julius Nieuwland">Fr. Julius Nieuwland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Fr. Theodore Hesburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Malloy" title="Edward Malloy">Fr. Edward Malloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I._Jenkins" title="John I. Jenkins">Fr. John I. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dowd" title="Robert A. Dowd">Fr. Robert A. Dowd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Rockne" title="Knute Rockne">Knute Rockne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leahy" title="Frank Leahy">Frank Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_Parseghian" title="Ara Parseghian">Ara Parseghian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Devine" title="Dan Devine">Dan Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Holtz" title="Lou Holtz">Lou Holtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muffet_McGraw" title="Muffet McGraw">Muffet McGraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kelly_(American_football_coach)" title="Brian Kelly (American football coach)">Brian Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Freeman" title="Marcus Freeman">Marcus Freeman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#0C2340; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AE9142, inset -2px -2px 0 #AE9142;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0A233F; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C9972C, inset -2px -2px 0 #C9972C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Notre_Dame_presidents" title="Template:University of Notre Dame presidents"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Notre_Dame_presidents" title="Template talk:University of Notre Dame presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Notre_Dame_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Notre Dame presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_Notre_Dame" title="President of the University of Notre Dame">Presidents</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Notre Dame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sorin" title="Edward Sorin">Edward Sorin</a> (1842–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dillon" title="Patrick Dillon">Patrick Dillon</a> (1865–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Corby" title="William Corby">William Corby</a> (1866–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Lemonnier" title="Auguste Lemonnier">Auguste Lemonnier</a> (1872–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Colovin" title="Patrick Colovin">Patrick Colovin</a> (1874–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Corby" title="William Corby">William Corby</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Walsh" title="Thomas E. Walsh">Thomas E. Walsh</a> (1881–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Morrissey" title="Andrew Morrissey">Andrew Morrissey</a> (1893–1905) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Cavanaugh" title="John W. Cavanaugh">John W. Cavanaugh</a> (1905–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burns" title="James A. Burns">James A. Burns</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Walsh" title="Matthew J. Walsh">Matthew J. Walsh</a> (1922–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._O%27Donnell" title="Charles L. O'Donnell">Charles L. O'Donnell</a> (1928–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_O%27Hara" title="John Francis O'Hara">John Francis O'Hara</a> (1934–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Donnell_(priest)" title="Hugh O'Donnell (priest)">Hugh O'Donnell</a> (1940–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Cavanaugh" title="John J. Cavanaugh">John J. Cavanaugh</a> (1946–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a> (1952–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Malloy" title="Edward Malloy">Edward Malloy</a> (1987–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I._Jenkins" title="John I. Jenkins">John I. Jenkins</a> (2005–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dowd" title="Robert A. Dowd">Robert A. Dowd</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Accredited_Indiana_colleges_and_universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indiana_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Template:Indiana Colleges and Universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indiana_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Template talk:Indiana Colleges and Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indiana_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indiana Colleges and Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Accredited_Indiana_colleges_and_universities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Accredited Indiana colleges and universities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Education" title="American College of Education">American College of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancilla_College" title="Ancilla College">Ancilla College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_University_(Indiana)" title="Anderson University (Indiana)">Anderson University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_State_University" title="Ball State University">Ball State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_University_(Indiana)" title="Bethel University (Indiana)">Bethel University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_University" title="Butler University">Butler University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumet_College_of_St._Joseph" title="Calumet College of St. Joseph">Calumet College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Theological_Seminary" title="Christian Theological Seminary">Christian Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Theological_Seminary" title="Concordia Theological Seminary">Concordia Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earlham_College" title="Earlham College">Earlham College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_College_(Indiana)" title="Franklin College (Indiana)">Franklin College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshen_College" title="Goshen College">Goshen College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_College_%26_Seminary" title="Grace College & Seminary">Grace College & Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_College" title="Hanover College">Hanover College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_College_(Indiana)" title="Holy Cross College (Indiana)">Holy Cross College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_University_(United_States)" title="Huntington University (United States)">Huntington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Institute_of_Technology" title="Indiana Institute of Technology">Indiana Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_University" title="Indiana State University">Indiana State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Wesleyan_University" title="Indiana Wesleyan University">Indiana Wesleyan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Tech_Community_College_of_Indiana" title="Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana">Ivy Tech Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_(Indiana)" title="Manchester University (Indiana)">Manchester University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_University_(Indiana)" title="Marian University (Indiana)">Marian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_University" title="Martin University">Martin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_City_University" title="Oakland City University">Oakland City University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_University_system" title="Purdue University system">Purdue University system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose%E2%80%93Hulman_Institute_of_Technology" title="Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology">Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary-of-the-Woods_College" title="Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College">Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_College_(Indiana)" title="Saint Mary's College (Indiana)">Saint Mary's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Meinrad_Seminary_and_School_of_Theology" title="Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology">Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_University" title="Taylor University">Taylor University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trine_University" title="Trine University">Trine University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Evansville" title="University of Evansville">University of Evansville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Indianapolis" title="University of Indianapolis">University of Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Saint_Francis_(Indiana)" title="University of Saint Francis (Indiana)">University of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_Indiana" title="University of Southern Indiana">University of Southern Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valparaiso_University" title="Valparaiso University">Valparaiso University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincennes_University" title="Vincennes University">Vincennes University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_College" title="Wabash College">Wabash College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGU_Indiana" title="WGU Indiana">WGU Indiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Congregation_of_Holy_Cross_universities_and_colleges" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" 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of Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portland" title="University of Portland">University of Portland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/45px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" 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href="/wiki/Carleton_College" title="Carleton College">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_McKenna_College" title="Claremont McKenna College">Claremont McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colby_College" title="Colby College">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_College" title="Colorado College">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidson_College" title="Davidson College">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denison_University" title="Denison University">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinnell_College" title="Grinnell College">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_College" title="Hamilton College">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverford_College" title="Haverford College">Haverford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macalester_College" title="Macalester College">Macalester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps College">Scripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skidmore_College" title="Skidmore College">Skidmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarthmore_College" title="Swarthmore College">Swarthmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University" title="Wesleyan University">Wesleyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Atlantic_Coast_Conference" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#013CA6;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A5A9AB, inset -2px -2px 0 #A5A9AB;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Atlantic_Coast_Conference_navbox" title="Template:Atlantic Coast Conference navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Atlantic_Coast_Conference_navbox" title="Template talk:Atlantic Coast Conference navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Atlantic_Coast_Conference_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Atlantic Coast Conference navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Atlantic_Coast_Conference" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#013CA6;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A5A9AB, inset -2px -2px 0 #A5A9AB;;width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles" title="Boston College Eagles">Boston College Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Golden_Bears" title="California Golden Bears">California Golden Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemson_Tigers" title="Clemson Tigers">Clemson Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils" title="Duke Blue Devils">Duke Blue Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_State_Seminoles" title="Florida State Seminoles">Florida State Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets" title="Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets">Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals" title="Louisville Cardinals">Louisville Cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Hurricanes" title="Miami Hurricanes">Miami Hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack" title="NC State Wolfpack">North Carolina State Wolfpack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels" title="North Carolina Tar Heels">North Carolina Tar Heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish">Notre Dame Fighting Irish</a> (non-football member)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers" title="Pittsburgh Panthers">Pittsburgh Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMU_Mustangs" title="SMU Mustangs">SMU Mustangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal" title="Stanford Cardinal">Stanford Cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Orange" title="Syracuse Orange">Syracuse Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers" title="Virginia Cavaliers">Virginia Cavaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies" title="Virginia Tech Hokies">Virginia Tech Hokies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_Demon_Deacons" title="Wake Forest Demon Deacons">Wake Forest Demon Deacons</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_Coast_Conference_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Atlantic_Coast_Conference_logo.svg/100px-Atlantic_Coast_Conference_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Atlantic_Coast_Conference_logo.svg/150px-Atlantic_Coast_Conference_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Atlantic_Coast_Conference_logo.svg/200px-Atlantic_Coast_Conference_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="73" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#013CA6;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A5A9AB, inset -2px -2px 0 #A5A9AB;;width:1%">Championships & awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlantic_Coast_Conference_champions" title="List of Atlantic Coast Conference champions">Conference champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlantic_Coast_Conference_national_championships" title="List of Atlantic Coast Conference national championships">National championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACC_Athlete_of_the_Year" title="ACC Athlete of the Year">Athlete of the Year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#013CA6;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A5A9AB, inset -2px -2px 0 #A5A9AB;;width:1%">Tournaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACC_Championship_Game" title="ACC Championship Game">Football</a></li> <li>Basketball (<a href="/wiki/ACC_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="ACC men's basketball tournament">Men</a>; <a href="/wiki/ACC_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="ACC women's basketball tournament">Women</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference_baseball_tournament" title="Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference_softball_tournament" title="Atlantic Coast Conference softball tournament">Softball</a></li> <li>Soccer (<a href="/wiki/ACC_men%27s_soccer_tournament" title="ACC men's soccer tournament">Men</a>; <a href="/wiki/ACC_women%27s_soccer_tournament" title="ACC women's soccer tournament">Women</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#013CA6;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A5A9AB, inset -2px -2px 0 #A5A9AB;;width:1%">Broadcast partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACC_Network" title="ACC Network">ACC Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_CW_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="The CW Sports">The CW Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raycom_Sports" title="Raycom Sports">Raycom Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#013CA6;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #A5A9AB, inset -2px -2px 0 #A5A9AB;;width:1%">Former competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Rugby_League" title="Atlantic Coast Rugby League">Atlantic Coast Rugby League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="CDIO_Initiative" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CDIO" title="Template:CDIO"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CDIO" title="Template talk:CDIO"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CDIO" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CDIO"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CDIO_Initiative" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/CDIO_Initiative" title="CDIO Initiative">CDIO Initiative</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="South_Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">South Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chisholm_Institute" title="Chisholm Institute">Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtin_University" title="Curtin University">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology" title="Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology">Royal Melbourne Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Sunshine_Coast" title="University of the Sunshine Coast">Sunshine Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Petrochemical_Technology" title="Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology">Beijing Petrochemical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Jiaotong_University" title="Beijing Jiaotong University">Beijing Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_University_of_Information_Technology" title="Chengdu University of Information Technology">Chengdu Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou_University" title="Shantou University">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Electronic_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Electronic Science and Technology of China">Electronic Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshan_University" title="Yanshan University">Yanshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Neusoft_University_of_Information" title="Dalian Neusoft University of Information">Dalian Neusoft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Teknologi_MARA" title="Universiti Teknologi MARA">MARA Technological (Malaysia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungku_Omar_Polytechnic" title="Ungku Omar Polytechnic">Ungku Omar Poly (Malaysia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sultan_Polytechnic" title="Ibrahim Sultan Polytechnic">Ibrahim Sultan Poly (Malaysia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor%27s_University" title="Taylor's University">Taylor's (Malaysia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">Auckland (New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Polytechnic" title="Singapore Polytechnic">Singapore Poly (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_University,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City">National Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahti_University_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahti University of Applied Sciences">Lahti A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Lapland University of Applied Sciences">Lapland A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Metropolia University of Applied Sciences">Metropolia A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Novia University of Applied Sciences">Novia A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonia_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Savonia University of Applied Sciences">Savonia A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sein%C3%A4joki_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences">Seinäjoki A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Tampere University of Applied Sciences">Tampere A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turku_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Turku University of Applied Sciences">Turku A.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Turku" title="University of Turku">Turku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_State_University" title="Astrakhan State University">Astrakhan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauman_Moscow_State_Technical_University" title="Bauman Moscow State Technical University">Moscow State Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherepovets_State_University" title="Cherepovets State University">Cherepovets State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_State_Technical_University" title="Don State Technical University">Don State Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_Federal_University" title="Kazan Federal University">Kazan Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Aviation_Institute" title="Moscow Aviation Institute">Moscow Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Physics_and_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology">Moscow Physics and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Engineering_Physics_Institute" title="Moscow Engineering Physics Institute">Moscow Engineering Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_Federal_University" title="North-Eastern Federal University">North-Eastern Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryol State University">Orel State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University_of_Aerospace_Instrumentation" title="Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation">Saint Petersburg Aerospace Instrumentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_University" title="Siberian Federal University">Siberian Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolkovo_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology">Skolkovo Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Polytechnic_University" title="Tomsk Polytechnic University">Tomsk Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_State_University_of_Control_Systems_and_Radio-electronics" title="Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio-electronics">Tomsk Control Systems and Radioelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Federal_University" title="Ural Federal University">Ural Federal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blekinge_Institute_of_Technology" title="Blekinge Institute of Technology">Blekinge Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_University_of_Technology" title="Chalmers University of Technology">Chalmers Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_School_of_Engineering" title="Jönköping School of Engineering">Jönköping Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristianstad_University" title="Kristianstad University">Kristianstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTH_Royal_Institute_of_Technology" title="KTH Royal Institute of Technology">Royal Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping_University" title="Linköping University">Linköping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linnaeus_University" title="Linnaeus University">Linnaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lule%C3%A5_University_of_Technology" title="Luleå University of Technology">Luleå Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5_Institute_of_Technology" title="Umeå Institute of Technology">Umeå Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_West" title="University West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sk%C3%B6vde" title="University of Skövde">Skövde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Regional_College" title="South Eastern Regional College">South Eastern Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hogeschool_Gent" title="Hogeschool Gent">Gent (Belgium)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark">Denmark Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9communications_de_Bretagne" title="École nationale supérieure des télécommunications de Bretagne">Bretagne Telecom (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochschule_Wismar" title="Hochschule Wismar">Hochschule Wismar (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Milan Poly (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Engenharia_do_Porto" title="Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto">Porto Superior Engineering (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Catalonia" title="Polytechnic University of Catalonia">Catalonia Poly (Spain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnique_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Polytechnique Montréal">Montréal Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_College" title="Sheridan College">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">Cal State Northridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embry%E2%80%93Riddle_Aeronautical_University" title="Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University">Embry–Riddle Aeronautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas" title="University of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Notre Dame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Central and South America</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Chile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_the_Most_Holy_Conception" title="Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception">Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Lagos" title="University of Los Lagos">Los Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santiago,_Chile" title="University of Santiago, Chile">Santiago Chile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;">Colombia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICESI_University" title="ICESI University">Higher Studies of Incolda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Colombia" title="National University of Colombia">Colombia National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Xavierian_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Xavierian University">Pontifical Xavierian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Antioquia" title="University of Antioquia">Antioquia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">Santo Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Quind%C3%ADo" title="University of Quindío">Quindío</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne–South_Bend" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne%E2%80%93South_Bend" title="Template:Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne%E2%80%93South_Bend" title="Template talk:Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne%E2%80%93South_Bend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne–South_Bend" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne%E2%80%93South_Bend" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend">Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ordinaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Luers" title="John Luers">John Henry Luers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dwenger" title="Joseph Dwenger">Joseph Gregory Dwenger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rademacher_(bishop)" title="Joseph Rademacher (bishop)">Joseph Rademacher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Joseph_Alerding" title="Herman Joseph Alerding">Herman Joseph Alerding</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_F._Noll" title="John F. Noll">John F. Noll</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Aloysius_Pursley" title="Leo Aloysius Pursley">Leo Aloysius Pursley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_McManus" title="William Edward McManus">William Edward McManus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_D%27Arcy" title="John Michael D'Arcy">John Michael D'Arcy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kevin_C._Rhoades" title="Kevin C. Rhoades">Kevin C. Rhoades</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Auxiliary bishops</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Robert_Crowley" title="Joseph Robert Crowley">Joseph Robert Crowley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Richard_Sheets" title="John Richard Sheets">John Richard Sheets</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_R._Jenky" title="Daniel R. Jenky">Daniel R. Jenky</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South_Bend.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South_Bend.svg/100px-CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South_Bend.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South_Bend.svg/150px-CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South_Bend.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South_Bend.svg/200px-CoA_Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South_Bend.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Cathedrals</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Fort_Wayne,_Indiana)" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Fort Wayne, Indiana)">Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Fort Wayne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew_Cathedral_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="St. Matthew Cathedral (South Bend, Indiana)">St. Matthew Cathedral, South Bend</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Basilica</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Notre_Dame)" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame)">Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Notre Dame</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Parishes</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Mary_of_the_Assumption_Church_(Avilla,_Indiana)" title="St. Mary of the Assumption Church (Avilla, Indiana)">St. Mary of the Assumption Church, Avilla</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Catholic_Church_(Huntington,_Indiana)" title="St. Mary's Catholic Church (Huntington, Indiana)">St. Mary's Catholic Church, Huntington</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Adalbert_Parish,_South_Bend" title="St. Adalbert Parish, South Bend">St. Adalbert Church, South Bend</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Casimir_Parish,_South_Bend" title="St. Casimir Parish, South Bend">St. Casimir Church, South Bend</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Higher education</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancilla_College" title="Ancilla College">Ancilla Domini College, Donaldson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Saint_Francis_(Indiana)" title="University of Saint Francis (Indiana)">University of Saint Francis, Fort Wayne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_College_(Indiana)" title="Holy Cross College (Indiana)">Holy Cross College, Notre Dame</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_College_(Indiana)" title="Saint Mary's College (Indiana)">Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>High schools</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Dwenger_High_School" title="Bishop Dwenger High School">Bishop Dwenger High School, Fort Wayne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Luers_High_School" title="Bishop Luers High School">Bishop Luers High School, Fort Wayne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marian_High_School_(Mishawaka,_Indiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian High School (Mishawaka, Indiana)">Marian High School, Mishawaka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_High_School_(South_Bend,_Indiana)" title="St. Joseph High School (South Bend, Indiana)">St. Joseph High School, South Bend</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Priests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_George_Bennett" title="John George Bennett">John George Bennett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Elford" title="John Paul Elford">John Paul Elford</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_G._Grutka" title="Andrew G. Grutka">Andrew Gregory Grutka</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Miscellany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Sunday_Visitor" title="Our Sunday Visitor">Our Sunday Visitor</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Indiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Indiana" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places in Indiana"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Indiana" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places in Indiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Indiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places in Indiana"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Indiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a> in <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/50px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/75px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/100px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="720" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Map_of_USA_IN.svg/100px-Map_of_USA_IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Map_of_USA_IN.svg/151px-Map_of_USA_IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Map_of_USA_IN.svg/200px-Map_of_USA_IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by county</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Adams_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Indiana">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Allen_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Allen County, Indiana">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Bartholomew_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Bartholomew County, Indiana">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Benton_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Benton County, Indiana">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Blackford_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Blackford County, Indiana">Blackford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Boone_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Boone County, Indiana">Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brown_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brown County, Indiana">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Carroll_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Carroll County, Indiana">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cass_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cass County, Indiana">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clark_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Clark County, Indiana">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clay_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Clay County, Indiana">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clinton_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Clinton County, Indiana">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Crawford_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Crawford County, Indiana">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Daviess_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Daviess County, Indiana">Daviess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Dearborn_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Dearborn County, Indiana">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Decatur_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Decatur County, Indiana">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_DeKalb_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in DeKalb County, Indiana">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, Indiana">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Dubois_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Dubois County, Indiana">Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Elkhart_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Elkhart County, Indiana">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fayette_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Indiana">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Floyd_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Floyd County, Indiana">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fountain_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Fountain County, Indiana">Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Franklin_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Indiana">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fulton_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, Indiana">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Gibson_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Gibson County, Indiana">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Grant_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, Indiana">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Greene_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, Indiana">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hamilton_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, Indiana">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hancock_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hancock County, Indiana">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Harrison_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Harrison County, Indiana">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hendricks_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hendricks County, Indiana">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Henry_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Henry County, Indiana">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Howard_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Howard County, Indiana">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Huntington_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Huntington County, Indiana">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jackson_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, Indiana">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jasper_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jasper County, Indiana">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jay_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jay County, Indiana">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jefferson_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Indiana">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jennings_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jennings County, Indiana">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Johnson_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Johnson County, Indiana">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Knox_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Indiana">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kosciusko_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kosciusko County, Indiana">Kosciusko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_LaGrange_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in LaGrange County, Indiana">LaGrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lake_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lake County, Indiana">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_LaPorte_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in LaPorte County, Indiana">LaPorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lawrence_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lawrence County, Indiana">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Madison_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Indiana">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Center_Township,_Marion_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Center Township, Marion County, Indiana">Marion: Center Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Marion_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Indiana">Marion: Other</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Marshall_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Marshall County, Indiana">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Martin_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Martin County, Indiana">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Miami_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami County, Indiana">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Monroe_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, Indiana">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montgomery_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Indiana">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Morgan_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Morgan County, Indiana">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Newton_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton County, Indiana">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Noble_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Noble County, Indiana">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio County, Indiana">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Orange_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, Indiana">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Owen_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Owen County, Indiana">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Parke_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Parke County, Indiana">Parke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Perry_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Perry County, Indiana">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pike_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pike County, Indiana">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Porter_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Porter County, Indiana">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Posey_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Posey County, Indiana">Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pulaski_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pulaski County, Indiana">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Putnam_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, Indiana">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Randolph_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Randolph County, Indiana">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ripley_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ripley County, Indiana">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rush_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rush County, Indiana">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_St._Joseph_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Joseph County, Indiana">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Scott_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Scott County, Indiana">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Shelby_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Shelby County, Indiana">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Spencer_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Spencer County, Indiana">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Starke_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Starke County, Indiana">Starke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Steuben_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Steuben County, Indiana">Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sullivan_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, Indiana">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Switzerland_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Switzerland County, Indiana">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tippecanoe_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tippecanoe County, Indiana">Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tipton_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tipton County, Indiana">Tipton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Union_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, Indiana">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vanderburgh_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vanderburgh County, Indiana">Vanderburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermillion_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermillion County, Indiana">Vermillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vigo_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vigo County, Indiana">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wabash_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wabash County, Indiana">Wabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Warren_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, Indiana">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Warrick_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Warrick County, Indiana">Warrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Indiana">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wayne_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wayne County, Indiana">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wells_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wells County, Indiana">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_White_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in White County, Indiana">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Whitley_County,_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Whitley County, Indiana">Whitley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Indiana" title="List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Indiana" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Indiana">National Historic Landmarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/21px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/42px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Indiana" title="Portal:Indiana">Indiana</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">University of Notre Dame at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" class="extiw" title="c:University of Notre Dame">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" class="extiw" title="q:University of Notre Dame">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/University_of_Notre_Dame" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/University of Notre Dame">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Author:University_of_Notre_Dame" class="extiw" title="b:Author:University of Notre Dame">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/South_Bend" class="extiw" title="voy:South Bend">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178848" class="extiw" title="d:Q178848">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178848#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178848#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178848#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000011034346X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/287201760">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/41325-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022791">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118680612">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118680612">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV034015">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35392171">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003186511&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90052323">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810618508405606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/43699">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269201305171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518588906706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/39d0596d-5c19-490c-a568-a888f62a553a">MusicBrainz place</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01828919?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/US-inndhl">ISIL</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026431963">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&oldid=1259455897">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Notre_Dame&oldid=1259455897</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Notre_Dame" title="Category:University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a></li><li><a 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