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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Saleh H. Salmen</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Saleh H. Salmen"> <meta name="keywords" content="Saleh H. Salmen"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Saleh H. 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Salmen"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 207</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Saleh H. Salmen</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Antifungal Protein ~35kDa Produced by Bacillus cereus Inhibits the Growth of Some Molds and Yeasts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20H.%20Salmen">Saleh H. Salmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Ali%20Alharbi"> Sulaiman Ali Alharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hany%20M.%20Yehia"> Hany M. Yehia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20A.%20Khiyami"> Mohammad A. Khiyami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milton%20Wainwright"> Milton Wainwright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naiyf%20S.%20Alharbi"> Naiyf S. Alharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunachalam%20Chinnathambi"> Arunachalam Chinnathambi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An antifungal protein synthesized by Bacillus cereus has been partially purified by the use of ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex-G-200 column chromatography. The protein was produced from Bacillus cereus grown in potato Dextrose Broth Medium (PDB) at 30 ºC for 3 days at 100 rpm. The protein showed antagonistic effect against some fungi and yeasts. Crude extract from medium and semi-purified protein were tested in vitro against both fungi and yeasts using the disc diffusion method in order to detect the inhibitory effect of the protein. Zones of inhibition of the following diameter were found (mm) were Alternaria alternate (28), Rhodotorula glutinis (20), Fusarium sp. (16), Rhizopus sp. (15), Penicillium digitatum (13), Mucor sp. (13) and Aspergillus niger (10). The isolated protein was found to have a molecular weight of ~35kDa by sodium deodecyl sulfate-poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The data showed that the protein of Bacillus cereus has antifungal activity, a fact which points to the possibility of using it as a bio-control agent against some fungi, findings which emphasize the potential role of B. cereus as an important bio-control agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacillus%20cereus" title="bacillus cereus">bacillus cereus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=~35kDa%20protein" title=" ~35kDa protein"> ~35kDa protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molds" title=" molds"> molds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeasts" title=" yeasts"> yeasts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3422/antifungal-protein-35kda-produced-by-bacillus-cereus-inhibits-the-growth-of-some-molds-and-yeasts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Isolation and Molecular Identification of Two Fungal Strains Capable of Degrading hydrocarbon Contaminants on Saudi Arabian Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20A.%20EL%20Hanafy">Amr A. EL Hanafy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Anwar"> Yasir Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20A.%20Mohamed"> Saleh A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Mohamed%20Saleh%20Al-Garni"> Saleh Mohamed Saleh Al-Garni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20A.%20H.%20Abu%20Zinadah"> Osama A. H. Abu Zinadah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Morsi%20Ahmed"> Mohamed Morsi Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the vicinity of the red sea about 15 fungi species were isolated from oil contaminated sites. On the basis of aptitude to degrade the crude oil and DCPIP assay, two fungal isolates were selected amongst 15 oil degrading strains. Analysis of ITS-1, ITS-2 and amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity revealed that these strains belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Two strains that proved to be the most efficient in degrading crude oil was Aspergillus niger (54 %) and Penicillium commune (48 %) Subsequent to two weeks of cultivation in BHS medium the degradation rate were recorded by using spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Hence, it is cleared that these fungal strains has the capability of degradation and can be utilized for cleaning the Saudi Arabian environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20%20strains" title="fungal strains">fungal strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon%20contaminants" title=" hydrocarbon contaminants"> hydrocarbon contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20identification" title=" molecular identification"> molecular identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036/isolation-and-molecular-identification-of-two-fungal-strains-capable-of-degrading-hydrocarbon-contaminants-on-saudi-arabian-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Assessment of Image Databases Used for Human Skin Detection Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alshehri">Saleh Alshehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human skin detection is a vital step in many applications. Some of the applications are critical especially those related to security. This leverages the importance of a high-performance detection algorithm. To validate the accuracy of the algorithm, image databases are usually used. However, the suitability of these image databases is still questionable. It is suggested that the suitability can be measured mainly by the span the database covers of the color space. This research investigates the validity of three famous image databases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20databases" title="image databases">image databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87836/assessment-of-image-databases-used-for-human-skin-detection-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> The Nursing Rounds System: Effect of Patient's Call Light Use, Bed Sores, Fall and Satisfaction Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassem%20Saleh">Bassem Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussam%20Nusair"> Hussam Nusair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nariman%20Al%20Zubadi"> Nariman Al Zubadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Al%20Shloul"> Shams Al Shloul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usama%20Saleh"> Usama Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nursing round system (NRS) means checking patients on an hourly basis during the A (0700–2200 h) shift and once every 2 h during the B (2200–0700 h) by the assigned nursing staff. The overall goal of this prospective study is to implement an NRS in a major rehabilitation centre—Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City—in the Riyadh area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The purposes of this study are to measure the effect of the NRS on: (i) the use of patient call light; (ii) the number of incidences of patients’ fall; (iii) the number of incidences of hospital-acquired bed sores; and (iv) the level of patients’ satisfaction. All patients hospitalized in the male stroke unit will be involved in this study. For the period of 8 weeks (17 December 2009–17 February 2010) All Nursing staff on the unit will record each call light and the patient’s need. Implementation of the NRS would start on 18 February 2010 and last for 8 weeks, until 18 April 2010. Data collected throughout this period will be compared with data collected during the 8 weeks period immediately preceding the implementation of the NRS (17 December 2009–17 February 2010) in order to measure the impact of the call light use. The following information were collected on all subjects involved in the study: (i) the Demographic Information Form; (ii) authors’ developed NRS Audit Form; (iii) Patient Call Light Audit Form; (iv) Patient Fall Audit Record; (v) Hospital-Acquired Bed Sores Audit Form; and (vi) hospital developed Patient Satisfaction Records. The findings suggested that a significant reduction on the use of call bell (P < 0.001), a significant reduction of fall incidence (P < 0.01) while pressure ulcer reduced by 50% before and after the implementation of NRS. In addition, the implementation of NRS increased patient satisfaction by 7/5 (P < 0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call%20light" title="call light">call light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient-care%20management" title=" patient-care management"> patient-care management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20safety" title=" patient safety"> patient safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20satisfaction" title=" patient satisfaction"> patient satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rounds" title=" rounds"> rounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41680/the-nursing-rounds-system-effect-of-patients-call-light-use-bed-sores-fall-and-satisfaction-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Esophageal Premalignant and Malignant Epithelial Lesions: Pathological Characteristics and Value of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Mohamed%20Abd%20Elmoneim">Hanan Mohamed Abd Elmoneim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Rawan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Razan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aseel%20Abdullah%20AlMasoudi"> Aseel Abdullah AlMasoudi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zyad%20Adnan%20Turkistani"> Zyad Adnan Turkistani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Abdulkarim%20Alkhoutani"> Anas Abdulkarim Alkhoutani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ohood%20Musaed%20AlJuhani"> Ohood Musaed AlJuhani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Attiyah%20AlZahrani"> Hanan Attiyah AlZahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. More than 90% of esophageal cancers are either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Squamous dysplasia is a precancerous lesion for squamous cell carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus is the precancerous lesion for adenocarcinoma. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the initiation factor for Barrett's esophagus. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in arachidonic metabolism. It appears to play an important role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. COX-2 activity may be a potential target for the prevention of cancer progression by selective COX-2 inhibitors, which decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis. Objectives To assess COX-2 expression in premalignant and malignant esophageal epitheliums changes and detect its roles in progression of these lesions. Materials and Methods We analyzed the expression of COX-2 immunohistochemically in 40 esophageal biopsies utilizing the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method on archival formalin fixed-paraffin embedded blocks. Histopathologically, 17 (42.5%) of cases were non-malignant cases which included GERD, Barrett's esophagus and squamous dysplasia. The malignant cases were 23 (57.5%) squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Results In non-malignant cases 7 (41.2%) out of 17 cases had high COX-2 expression. In squamous cell carcinoma 10 (83.3%) out of 12 cases had high COX-2 expression. The expression of COX-2 was high in all 9 (100%) cases of adenocarcinoma. COX-2 expression is significantly increased (P=0.005 and P=0.0001) in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma respectively. There was a significant difference in COX-2 immunoreactivity between malignant and non-malignant lesions (P=0.0003). Conclusion COX-2 is responsible for the progression of esophageal diseases from benign to malignant. We recommend that COX-2 immunohistochemistry should be done routinely for premalignant and malignant esophageal lesions as selective COX-2 inhibitors will be helpful in the treatment. Further studies on molecular and genetic basis of COX-2 expression are needed to unmask its role and relation to progression of esophageal lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox-2" title="Cox-2">Cox-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20adinocarcinoma" title=" Esophageal adinocarcinoma"> Esophageal adinocarcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"> Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immunohistochemistry." title=" Immunohistochemistry. "> Immunohistochemistry. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810/esophageal-premalignant-and-malignant-epithelial-lesions-pathological-characteristics-and-value-of-cyclooxygenase-2-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> A Study of Recent Contribution on Simulation Tools for Network-on-Chip</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muthana%20Saleh%20Alalaki">Muthana Saleh Alalaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Opoku%20Agyeman"> Michael Opoku Agyeman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growth in the number of Intellectual Properties (IPs) or the number of cores on the same chip becomes a critical issue in System-on-Chip (SoC) due to the intra-communication problem between the chip elements. As a result, Network-on-Chip (NoC) has emerged as a system architecture to overcome intra-communication issues. This paper presents a study of recent contributions on simulation tools for NoC. Furthermore, an overview of NoC is covered as well as a comparison between some NoC simulators to help facilitate research in on-chip communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WiNoC" title="WiNoC">WiNoC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20tool" title=" simulation tool"> simulation tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network-on-chip" title=" network-on-chip"> network-on-chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SoC" title=" SoC"> SoC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70531/a-study-of-recent-contribution-on-simulation-tools-for-network-on-chip" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> A Comparative Understanding of Critical Problems Faced by Pakistani and Indian Transportation Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawad%20Hussain">Fawad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Abdullah%20Saleh"> Saleh Abdullah Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Basir%20B%20Saud"> Mohammad Basir B Saud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Azwardi%20Md.%20Isa"> Mohd Azwardi Md. Isa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is very important for a developing nation to develop their infrastursture on the prime priority because their infrastursture particularly their roads and transporation functions as a blood in the system. Almost 1.1 billion populations share the travel and transportation industry in India. On the other hand, the Pakistan transportation industry is also extensive and elevating about 170 million users of transportation. Indian and Pakistani specifically within bus industry have good interconnectivity within and between the urban and rural areas as well as connectivity between the two countries, which is dramatically helping the economic alleviation of both countries. Due to high economic instability, unemployment and poverty rate are among the reasons why both the governments are very committed and seriously taken further action to help boost their economy. They believe that any form of transportation development would play a vital role in the development of land, infrastructure which could indirectly support many other industries’ development, such as tourism, freighting and shipping businesses, just to mention a few. However, it seems that their previous transportation planning in the due course has failed to meet the fast growing demand. As with the spin of time, both the countries are looking forward for a reasonable, safe and economical long term solutions, which is from time to time keep appreciating and reacting according to other key economic drivers. Content analysis method and case study approach is used in this paper and secondary data from the bureau of statistic is used for case analysis. The paper centered on the mobility concerns of the lower and middle income people in India and Pakistan. The paper is aimed to highlight the weaknesses, opportunities and limitations resulting from low priority industry for government, which is making the either country's public suffer. The paper has concluded that the main issue is identified as the slow, inappropriate and unfavorable decisions which are not in favor of long term country’s economic development and public welfare as well as interest. The paper also recommends to future market sense public and private transportation, which has failed to meet the public expectations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20transportation%20industries" title="bus transportation industries">bus transportation industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20demand" title=" transportation demand"> transportation demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20parallel%20initiatives" title=" government parallel initiatives"> government parallel initiatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20and%20traffic%20congestions" title=" road and traffic congestions"> road and traffic congestions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31749/a-comparative-understanding-of-critical-problems-faced-by-pakistani-and-indian-transportation-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Analyzing Sun Valley Music Pavilion Idaho, USA, 2008 in Relation Flexibility and Adaptability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ola%20Haj%20Saleh">Ola Haj Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study of a contemporary building attempts to identify how a building can reflect its presence within its community. The example of the pavilion is discussed here with references to adaptability and flexibility theories. The analytical methodology of the Sun Valley Pavilion discovers to what extent a public space can be flexible and adaptable to several conditions. Furthermore, redefine an existing public building in an urban landscape context, becomes more than an important place for its community as a music pavilion for the arts, it is even for the interactivity wedding parties. Thus, the Sun Valley Pavilion can have an obvious role in a community gathering place in a result that flexibility and adaptability are more economical in the long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptability" title="adaptability">adaptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavilion" title=" pavilion"> pavilion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile" title=" tensile"> tensile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113703/analyzing-sun-valley-music-pavilion-idaho-usa-2008-in-relation-flexibility-and-adaptability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Combined Surface Tension and Natural Convection of Nanofluids in a Square Open Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habibis%20Saleh">Habibis Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishak%20Hashim"> Ishak Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combined surface tension and natural convection heat transfer in an open cavity is studied numerically in this article. The cavity is filled with water-{Cu} nanofluids. The left wall is kept at low temperature, the right wall at high temperature and the bottom and top walls are adiabatic. The top free surface is assumed to be flat and non--deformable. Finite difference method is applied to solve the dimensionless governing equations. It is found that the insignificant effect of adding the nanoparticles were obtained about $Ma_{bf}=250$. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title="natural convection">natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marangoni%20convection" title=" marangoni convection"> marangoni convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20open%20cavity" title=" square open cavity"> square open cavity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16711/combined-surface-tension-and-natural-convection-of-nanofluids-in-a-square-open-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Transition of Nutrition Style and Obesity: A Kuwaiti Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Othman%20Saleh%20Al-Razgan">Othman Saleh Al-Razgan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity establishes an epidemic along with an array of comorbidities and this call for careful clinical assessment, to identify causal factors and comprehensive management. In Kuwait, this epidemic reflects the progressive, socio-economic and age-related issues, along with the shift of nutrition from traditional to modern-style. The current research attempts to narrate the obesity and related health issues in Kuwait, with a special emphasis on the magnitude of the issue in Kuwait, nutrition transition over the past three decades, change in life-style, and possible solution for this issue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20assessment" title="clinical assessment">clinical assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comorbidities" title=" comorbidities"> comorbidities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic" title=" socio-economic"> socio-economic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36934/transition-of-nutrition-style-and-obesity-a-kuwaiti-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Diagnosis of Static Eccentricity in 400 kW Induction Machine Based on the Analysis of Stator Currents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Elawgali">Saleh Elawgali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current spectrums of a four pole-pair, 400 kW induction machine were calculated for the cases of full symmetry and static eccentricity. The calculations involve integration of 93 electrical plus four mechanical ordinary differential equations. Electrical equations account for variable inductances affected by slotting and eccentricities. The calculations were followed by Fourier analysis of the stator currents in steady state operation. Zooms of the current spectrums, around the 50 Hz fundamental harmonic as well as of the main slot harmonic zone, were included. The spectrums included refer to both calculated and measured currents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic" title="diagnostic">diagnostic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic" title=" harmonic"> harmonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20machine" title=" induction machine"> induction machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum" title=" spectrum"> spectrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1932/diagnosis-of-static-eccentricity-in-400-kw-induction-machine-based-on-the-analysis-of-stator-currents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Enhancement of the Performance of Al-Qatraneh 33-kV Transmission Line Using STATCOM: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hamad">Ali Hamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Al-Drous"> Ibrahim Al-Drous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Al-Jufout"> Saleh Al-Jufout</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a case study of using STATCOM to enhance the performance of Al-Qatraneh 33-kV transmission line. The location of the STATCOM was identified maintaining minimum voltage drops at the 110 load nodes. The transmission line and the 110 load nodes have been modeled by MATLAB/Simulink. The suggested STATCOM and its location will increase the transmission capability of this transmission line and overcome the overload expected in the year 2020. The annual percentage loading rise has been considered as 14%. A graphical representation of the line voltages and the voltage drops at different load nodes has been illustrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FACTS" title="FACTS">FACTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STATCOM" title=" STATCOM"> STATCOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20line" title=" transmission line"> transmission line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20drop" title=" voltage drop"> voltage drop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39469/enhancement-of-the-performance-of-al-qatraneh-33-kv-transmission-line-using-statcom-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> The Role of Capitalism, Society, and Media in the Rise of Plastic Surgeries in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Saleh">Rana Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the introduction and rise of plastic surgery in Egypt, tracing its historical roots and examining its growing prevalence in modern society. Through a qualitative review of existing literature, the research investigates how media, capitalism, and patriarchal societal structures contribute to the normalization of cosmetic surgeries, particularly among women. It delves into the consumer culture created by capitalism and the sexualization of women’s bodies, emphasizing how these factors influence women's perceptions of beauty and their decisions to undergo surgery. The paper also highlights the role of patriarchy in shaping these choices within Egypt’s collectivist society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20surgery" title="plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalism" title=" capitalism"> capitalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexualization%20of%20women%E2%80%99s%20bodies" title=" sexualization of women’s bodies"> sexualization of women’s bodies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193005/the-role-of-capitalism-society-and-media-in-the-rise-of-plastic-surgeries-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Development of Femoral Head Osteonecrosis Due to Corticosteroids Consumption; Probable Role of OCP: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alireza%20Mirghasemi">S. Alireza Mirghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shervin%20Rashidinia"> Shervin Rashidinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saleh%20Sadeghi"> Mohammad Saleh Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Talebizadeh"> Mohsen Talebizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narges%20Rahimi%20Gabaran"> Narges Rahimi Gabaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Shahin%20Eftekhari"> Seyed Shahin Eftekhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Shahmoradi"> Sara Shahmoradi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Avascular necrosis of femoral head is a pathologic condition that the main cause is decreased blood supply of femoral head. Among predisposing risk factors, chronic use of corticosteroids, alcoholism, smocking and hip traumas have more important role. Also we can mention OCP consumption as a risk factor among less common predisposing factors that lead to AVNF, in this study we introduce another cause of AVNF with a period of treatment with moderate dose of corticosteroids accompanied by OCP as a probable facilitating factor that leads to AVNF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVN" title="AVN">AVN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corticosteroids%20consumption" title=" corticosteroids consumption"> corticosteroids consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femoral%20head%20osteonecrosis" title=" femoral head osteonecrosis"> femoral head osteonecrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCP" title=" OCP"> OCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34781/development-of-femoral-head-osteonecrosis-due-to-corticosteroids-consumption-probable-role-of-ocp-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Evaluation of Musical Conductor Exposure to Noise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Saleh%20Summan">Ahmed Saleh Summan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents the results of a technical report on the evaluation of occupational noise exposures among a musical conductor in a musical rehearsal hall (party–center). A calibrated noise dosimeter was used to measure the personal exposure of a music teacher/conductor for 8 hours in two days of rehearsal involving 90 players. Results showed that noise exposure levels were much higher than the permissible levels regulated 85dBA/8hr by NIOSH. In fact, the first day of measurements recorded the highest exposure levels (91 dBA). A number of factors contributed to these results, such as players number, types of instruments used, and activities. Noise control measures were recommended to solve this situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20exposure" title="noise exposure">noise exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20conductors" title=" music conductors"> music conductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20noise" title=" occupational noise"> occupational noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20in%20rooms" title=" noise in rooms"> noise in rooms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146607/evaluation-of-musical-conductor-exposure-to-noise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Preliminary Results on a Maximum Mean Discrepancy Approach for Seizure Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boumediene%20Hamzi">Boumediene Hamzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turky%20N.%20AlOtaiby"> Turky N. AlOtaiby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20AlShebeili"> Saleh AlShebeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arwa%20AlAnqary"> Arwa AlAnqary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We introduce a data-driven method for seizure detection drawing on recent progress in Machine Learning. The method is based on embedding probability measures in a high (or infinite) dimensional reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) where the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) is computed. The MMD is metric between probability measures that are computed as the difference between the means of probability measures after being embedded in an RKHS. Working in RKHS provides a convenient, general functional-analytical framework for theoretical understanding of data. We apply this approach to the problem of seizure detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel%20methods" title="kernel methods">kernel methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20mean%20discrepancy" title=" maximum mean discrepancy"> maximum mean discrepancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seizure%20detection" title=" seizure detection"> seizure detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83558/preliminary-results-on-a-maximum-mean-discrepancy-approach-for-seizure-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Powdered Beet Red Roots Using as Adsorbent to Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulali%20Bashir%20Ben%20Saleh">Abdulali Bashir Ben Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The powdered beet red roots (PBRR) were used as an adsorbent to remove dyes namely methylene blue dye (as a typical cationic or basic dye) from aqueous solutions. The present study shows that used beet red roots powder exhibit adsorption trend for the dye. The adsorption processes were carried out at various conditions of concentrations, processing time and a wide range of pH between 2.5-11. Adsorption isotherm equations such as Freundlich, and Langmuir were applied to calculate the values of respective constants. Adsorption study was found that the currently introduced adsorbent can be used to remove cationic dyes such as methylene blue from aqueous solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beet%20red%20root" title="beet red root">beet red root</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal%20of%20deys" title=" removal of deys"> removal of deys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylene%20blue" title=" methylene blue"> methylene blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22809/powdered-beet-red-roots-using-as-adsorbent-to-removal-of-methylene-blue-dye-from-aqueous-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Phytoremediation Potential of Tomato for Cd and Cr Removal from Polluted Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahanshah%20Saleh">Jahanshah Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Ghasemi"> Hossein Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Shahriari"> Ali Shahriari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faezeh%20Alizadeh"> Faezeh Alizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaaghoob%20Hosseini"> Yaaghoob Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cadmium and chromium are toxic to most organisms and different mechanisms have been developed for overcoming with the toxic effects of these heavy metals. We studied the uptake and distribution of cadmium and chromium in different organs of tomato (<em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em> L.) plants in nine heavy metal polluted soils in western Hormozgan province, Iran. The accumulation of chromium was in increasing pattern of fruit peel<edible all="" and="" bio-concentration="" but="" cadmium="" concentration="" detected="" determination="" examined="" factor="" for="" fruits.="" in="" more="" neither="" no="" nor="" not="" of="" p="" peel="" phytoextraction="" phytostabilization="" polluted="" pulp="" revealed="" roots.="" shoots="" showed="" soil.="" soils="" suitability="" suitable="" than="" that="" the="" tomato="" translocation="" was="" with=""> </edible> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title=" chromium"> chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoextraction" title=" phytoextraction"> phytoextraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytostabilization" title=" phytostabilization"> phytostabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61398/phytoremediation-potential-of-tomato-for-cd-and-cr-removal-from-polluted-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Comparative Assessment of ABS and Disk Brake Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Mobasseri">Saleh Mobasseri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mobasseri"> Mohammad Mobasseri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article refers to the history of the rise of brake system and described it’s importance in passenger’s lives. The disc brake system performance and ABS are also compared with each other by the kinetic and kinematic analysis of the braking system,and evaluate the impact of each parameters is checked on the vehicle stopping distance. Anti−lock braking system (ABS) is one of the most important features that affect on vehicle safety and for this reason much efforts have been made to improve this system. The objectives of the anti−lock system (ABS) are as follows: Preventing the wheels from locking, achieving maximum technical momentum in terms of braking,stability,reducing stopping distances. In this paper,we study the comparative of ABS brake and disc brake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%E2%88%92lock%20braking%20System%20%28ABS%29" title="anti−lock braking System (ABS)">anti−lock braking System (ABS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stopping%20distances" title=" stopping distances"> stopping distances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=booster" title=" booster"> booster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20stability" title=" car stability"> car stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20exerted%20on%20the%20brake%20pedal" title=" force exerted on the brake pedal"> force exerted on the brake pedal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32080/comparative-assessment-of-abs-and-disk-brake-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Performance Study of ZigBee-Based Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afif%20Saleh%20Abugharsa">Afif Saleh Abugharsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is designed for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN) with focus on enabling wireless sensor networks. It aims to give a low data rate, low power consumption, and low cost wireless networking on the device-level communication. The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 based networks using simulation tool. In this project the network simulator 2 NS2 was used to several performance measures of wireless sensor networks. Three scenarios were considered, multi hop network with a single coordinator, star topology, and an ad hoc on demand distance vector AODV. Results such as packet delivery ratio, hop delay, and number of collisions are obtained from these scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZigBee" title="ZigBee">ZigBee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE%20802.15.4" title=" IEEE 802.15.4"> IEEE 802.15.4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20power" title=" low power"> low power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20data%20rate" title=" low data rate"> low data rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4239/performance-study-of-zigbee-based-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Vitamin D and Prevention of Rickets in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mousa%20Saleh%20Daoud">Mousa Saleh Daoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rickets is a condition that affects the development of bones in children. It causes soft bones, which can become bowed or curved, this bending and curvature is evident in the age of Walking. The most common cause of rickets is dietary deficiency of vitamin D or Lack of exposure to sunlight or both together. The link between vitamin D and rickets has been known for many years and is well understood by doctors and scientists. If a child does not get enough of the vitamin D, the bones cannot form hard outer shells. This is why they become soft and weak. This study was conducted on children who reviewed by our medical clinic between the years 2011-2013. The study included 400 children, aged between one and six years. 11 children had clear clinical manifestations of rickets of varying degrees and all of them due to lack of vitamin D except for one case of rickets resistant to vitamin D. 389 cases ranged between natural and deficiency in vitamin D without clinical manifestations of Rickets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rickts" title="rickts">rickts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20metabolic%20diseases" title=" bone metabolic diseases"> bone metabolic diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child" title=" child"> child</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39361/vitamin-d-and-prevention-of-rickets-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Clustering of Extremes in Financial Returns: A Comparison between Developed and Emerging Markets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Ali%20Alokley">Sara Ali Alokley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Saleh%20Albarrak"> Mansour Saleh Albarrak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the dependency or clustering of extremes in the financial returns data by estimating the extremal index value θ∈[0,1]. The smaller the value of θ the more clustering we have. Here we apply the method of Ferro and Segers (2003) to estimate the extremal index for a range of threshold values. We compare the dependency structure of extremes in the developed and emerging markets. We use the financial returns of the stock market index in the developed markets of US, UK, France, Germany and Japan and the emerging markets of Brazil, Russia, India, China and Saudi Arabia. We expect that more clustering occurs in the emerging markets. This study will help to understand the dependency structure of the financial returns data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustring" title="clustring">clustring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extremes" title=" extremes"> extremes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=returns" title=" returns"> returns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dependency" title=" dependency"> dependency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extermal%20index" title=" extermal index"> extermal index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65436/clustering-of-extremes-in-financial-returns-a-comparison-between-developed-and-emerging-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Systems Integrated Approach to Improve the Design and Construction of Green Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Hayat">Saleh Hayat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efficiency, productivity and sustainability are important factors for structure and the application of processes in green building. Various previous studies have addressed efficiency, productivity and sustainability separately. This research study aims to investigate the implications of these three factors taking together. Frequency analysis and the ranking techniques are carried out to explore the connection between these factors. The interconnection matrix has been developed and functional grouping is made based upon data from expert opinion and field professionals. The existence of a relationship, the type of relationship and the scaled impact have been drawn. Additionally, a system diagram has been developed to show the variable correlation. The results of expert opinion show that efficiency, productivity and sustainability have a stronger impact on green buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title=" green building"> green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112921/systems-integrated-approach-to-improve-the-design-and-construction-of-green-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Text Mining Techniques for Prioritizing Pathogenic Mutations in Protein Families Known to Misfold or Aggregate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaleel%20Saleh%20Al-Rababah">Khaleel Saleh Al-Rababah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amyloid fibril forming regions, which are known as protein aggregates, in sequences of some protein families are associated with a number of diseases known as amyloidosis. Mutations play a role in forming fibrils by accelerating the fibril formation process. In this paper we want to extract diseases that caused by those mutations as a result of the impact of the mutations on structural and functional properties of the aggregated protein. We propose a text mining system, to automatically extract mutations, diseases and relations between mutations and diseases. We presented an algorithm based on finite state to cluster mutations found in the same sentence as a sentence could contain different mutation cause different diseases. Also, we presented a co reference algorithm that enables cross-link sentences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyloid" title="amyloid">amyloid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amyloidosis" title=" amyloidosis"> amyloidosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co%20reference" title=" co reference"> co reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24232/text-mining-techniques-for-prioritizing-pathogenic-mutations-in-protein-families-known-to-misfold-or-aggregate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Silent Myocardial Infarction Presented with Homonymous Hemianopia in a Non-Diabetic Middle Aged Man</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Fakhroddin%20Hejazi">Seyed Fakhroddin Hejazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saleh%20Sadeghi"> Mohammad Saleh Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leili%20Iranirad"> Leili Iranirad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silent myocardial infarction is defined as the appearance of pathological Q waves in the electrocardiogram, without objective signs of myocardial infarction and any minimal or atypical symptoms. Although this condition has been known for a long time, but little is known about its phenomenon and the mechanisms of it remain unclear. Its coincidence with stroke is also still controversial. This case report introduces a middle-aged man with silent myocardial infarction presented with homonymous hemianopia, which except stage 1 hypertension, had no other major cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, family history of cardiac diseases and smoking. In conclusion, this case report indicated that existence of only one cardiovascular risk factor would lead to the development of MI or stroke. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silent%20myocardial%20infarction" title="silent myocardial infarction">silent myocardial infarction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homonymous%20hemianopia" title=" homonymous hemianopia"> homonymous hemianopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stroke" title=" stroke"> stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title=" hypertension"> hypertension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52813/silent-myocardial-infarction-presented-with-homonymous-hemianopia-in-a-non-diabetic-middle-aged-man" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Critical Success Factors for Successful Energy Management Implementation towards Sustainability in Malaysian Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdullah%20Saleh">A. Abdullah Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Mohammed"> A. H. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Abdullah"> M. N. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Universities are increasingly consuming energy to support various activities. A large population of staff and students in Malaysian universities has led to excessive energy consumption which directly gives an impact to the environment. The key question then ascended "How well is an energy management (EM) been practiced in universities without taking the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) into consideration to ensure the management of university achieves the goals in reducing energy consumption". Review of past literature is carried out to establish CSFs for EM best practices. Thus, this paper highlighted the CSFs which have to be focused on by management of university to successfully measure the EM implementation and its performance. At the end of this paper, a theoretical framework is developed for EM success factors towards a sustainable university. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20success%20factors" title="critical success factors">critical success factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20universities" title=" Malaysian universities"> Malaysian universities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15871/critical-success-factors-for-successful-energy-management-implementation-towards-sustainability-in-malaysian-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Perovskite Solar Cells Penetration on Electric Grids Based on the Power Hardware in the Loop Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20Zaky">Alaa A. Zaky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandar%20Alfaifi"> Bandar Alfaifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alyahya"> Saleh Alyahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alkistis%20Kontou"> Alkistis Kontou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panos%20Kotsampopoulos"> Panos Kotsampopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we present for the first time the grid-integration of 3rd generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on nanotechnology in fabrication. The effect of this penetration is analyzed in normal, fault and islanding cases of operation under different irradiation conditions using the power hardware in the loop (PHIL) methodology. The PHL method allows the PSCs connection to the electric grid which is simulated in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), for laboratory validation of the PSCs behavior under conditions very close to real. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20solar%20cells" title="perovskite solar cells">perovskite solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20hardware%20in%20the%20loop" title=" power hardware in the loop"> power hardware in the loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20digital%20simulator" title=" real-time digital simulator"> real-time digital simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190176/perovskite-solar-cells-penetration-on-electric-grids-based-on-the-power-hardware-in-the-loop-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Application of MRI in Radioembolization Imaging and Dosimetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salehi%20Zahabi%20Saleh">Salehi Zahabi Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajabi%20Hosaien"> Rajabi Hosaien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasaneh%20Samira"> Rasaneh Samira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolisation(RE) is increasingly used for the treatment of patients with unresectable primary or metastatic liver tumours. Image-based approaches to assess microsphere distribution after RE have gained interest but are mostly hampered by the limited imaging possibilities of the Isotope 90Y. Quantitative 90Y-SPECT imaging has limited spatial resolution because it is based on 90Y Bremsstrahlung whereas 90Y-PET has better spatial resolution but low sensitivity. As a consequence, new alternative methods of visualizing the microspheres have been investigated, such as MR imaging of iron-labelled microspheres. It was also shown that MRI combines high sensitivity with high spatial and temporal resolution and with superior soft tissue contrast and thus can be used to cover a broad range of clinically interesting imaging parameters.The aim of the study in this article was to investigate the capability of MRI to measure the intrahepatic microsphere distribution in order to quantify the absorbed radiation dose in RE. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioembolisation" title="radioembolisation">radioembolisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging" title=" imaging"> imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dosimetry" title=" dosimetry"> dosimetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45127/application-of-mri-in-radioembolization-imaging-and-dosimetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Guidance on Writing Operation Notes in Ophthalmic Surgeries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasse%20Uddin%20Ahmed%20Saleh">Wasse Uddin Ahmed Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawreenbinte%20Anwar"> Nawreenbinte Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A well-written operating note is crucial as a teaching tool for providing patients with high-quality medical care and fending off medico-legal claims. In this review article, some adjustments have been advised to the operative note guidelines by the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) for different methods of ocular anesthesia and ophthalmic procedures like cataract surgeries, kerato-refractive surgeries, glaucoma surgeries, oculoplastic surgeries, etc. Some modifications of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist have also been mentioned, including pre-operative responsibilities of the nurses, operative assistants and operating ophthalmologists. It has become essential to assemble globally accepted structured operative note guidelines modified for each ocular surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocular%20surgeries" title="ocular surgeries">ocular surgeries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20notes" title=" operation notes"> operation notes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cataract%20surgery" title=" cataract surgery"> cataract surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kerato-refractive%20surgery" title=" kerato-refractive surgery"> kerato-refractive surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oculoplastic%20surgeries" title=" Oculoplastic surgeries"> Oculoplastic surgeries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guidelines" title=" guidelines"> guidelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161673/guidance-on-writing-operation-notes-in-ophthalmic-surgeries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> The Impact of Malicious Attacks on the Performance of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Gorine">Habib Gorine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Saleh"> Rabia Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are the special type of wireless networks which share common security requirements with other networks such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and availability, which need to be addressed in order to secure data transfer through the network. Their routing protocols are vulnerable to various malicious attacks which could have a devastating consequence on data security. In this paper, three types of attacks such as selfish, gray hole, and black hole attacks have been applied to the two most important routing protocols in MANET named dynamic source routing and ad-hoc on demand distance vector in order to analyse and compare the impact of these attacks on the Network performance in terms of throughput, average delay, packet loss, and consumption of energy using NS2 simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title="MANET">MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20networks" title=" wireless networks"> wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing%20protocols" title=" routing protocols"> routing protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malicious%20attacks" title=" malicious attacks"> malicious attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20networks%20simulation" title=" wireless networks simulation"> wireless networks simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88341/the-impact-of-malicious-attacks-on-the-performance-of-routing-protocols-in-mobile-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20H.%20Salmen&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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