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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Registration_and_eligibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registration_and_eligibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Registration and eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registration_and_eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Electoral system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation_of_governing_coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_of_governing_coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Formation of governing coalition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_of_governing_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical compositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Current composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wasted_vote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wasted_vote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Wasted vote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wasted_vote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_Presidium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_Presidium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Members of the Presidium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_Presidium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Parliamentary committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">House of Representatives (Netherlands)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer_van_die_Stategeneraal" title="Tweede Kamer van die Stategeneraal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tweede Kamer van die Stategeneraal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_(%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="مجلس النواب (هولندا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس النواب (هولندا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_los_Estaos_Xenerales" title="Cámara de Representantes de los Estaos Xenerales – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cámara de Representantes de los Estaos Xenerales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-j%C4%AB-%C4%AB%E2%81%BF_(H%C3%B4-l%C3%A2n)" title="Tē-jī-īⁿ (Hô-lân) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-jī-īⁿ (Hô-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambra_de_Representants_dels_Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Cambra de Representants dels Països Baixos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cambra de Representants dels Països Baixos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Kammer_der_Generalstaaten" title="Zweite Kammer der Generalstaaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweite Kammer der Generalstaaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8E%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD_(%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89_%CE%A7%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82)" title="Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων (Κάτω Χώρες) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων (Κάτω Χώρες)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_de_los_Estados_Generales" title="Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Generales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Generales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ambro_de_Deputitoj_de_Nederlando" title="Ĉambro de Deputitoj de Nederlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉambro de Deputitoj de Nederlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="مجلس نمایندگان هلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجلس نمایندگان هلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux" title="Seconde Chambre des États généraux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seconde Chambre des États généraux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twadde_Keamer_fan_de_Steaten-Generaal" title="Twadde Keamer fan de Steaten-Generaal – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Twadde Keamer fan de Steaten-Generaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_C%C3%A1mara_dos_Estados_Xerais_(Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos)" title="Segunda Cámara dos Estados Xerais (Países Baixos) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Segunda Cámara dos Estados Xerais (Países Baixos)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%ED%95%98%EC%9B%90" title="네덜란드 하원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드 하원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="בית הנבחרים של הולנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית הנבחרים של הולנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twiede_Kamer" title="Twiede Kamer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Twiede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9pvisel%C5%91h%C3%A1z_(Hollandia)" title="Képviselőház (Hollandia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Képviselőház (Hollandia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer_der_Staten-Generaal" title="Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweyden_Kamer" title="Tweyden Kamer – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tweyden Kamer" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%99%A2_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80)" title="第二院 (オランダ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第二院 (オランダ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Kamer" title="Tweede Kamer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tweede Kamer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_C%C3%A2mara_(Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos)" title="Segunda Câmara (Países Baixos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda Câmara (Países Baixos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Палата представителей Нидерландов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палата представителей Нидерландов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22House+of+Representatives%22+Netherlands">"House of Representatives" Netherlands</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22House+of+Representatives%22+Netherlands+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22House+of+Representatives%22+Netherlands&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22House+of+Representatives%22+Netherlands+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22House+of+Representatives%22+Netherlands">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22House+of+Representatives%22+Netherlands&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lower house of the States General</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #121469; border-bottom: 2px solid #121469"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">House of Representatives</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Logo_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/150px-Logo_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Logo_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/225px-Logo_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Logo_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/300px-Logo_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #121469; border-bottom: 2px solid #121469">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Lower house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #121469; border-bottom: 2px solid #121469">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Martin Bosma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a> <br />since 14 December 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">First Deputy Speaker</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Tom_van_der_Lee" title="Tom van der Lee">Tom van der Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a> <br />since 19 December 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Second Deputy Speaker</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Roelien_Kamminga" title="Roelien Kamminga">Roelien Kamminga</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> <br />since 19 December 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #121469; border-bottom: 2px solid #121469">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">150</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_House_of_Representatives,_December_2023,_English_Wiki_colours.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Dutch_House_of_Representatives%2C_December_2023%2C_English_Wiki_colours.svg/250px-Dutch_House_of_Representatives%2C_December_2023%2C_English_Wiki_colours.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Dutch_House_of_Representatives%2C_December_2023%2C_English_Wiki_colours.svg/375px-Dutch_House_of_Representatives%2C_December_2023%2C_English_Wiki_colours.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Dutch_House_of_Representatives%2C_December_2023%2C_English_Wiki_colours.svg/500px-Dutch_House_of_Representatives%2C_December_2023%2C_English_Wiki_colours.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Schoof_cabinet" title="Schoof cabinet">Government</a> (88)</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#012758; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a> (37)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0A2CCA; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> (24)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F0C400; color:black;border:1px solid darkgrey;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">NSC</a> (20)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#94C11F; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">BBB</a> (7)</li></ul> <p><b>Opposition (62)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DC1F26; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a> (25)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00AE41; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a> (9)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2CC84D; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">CDA</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F60000; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">SP</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#841818; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">FvD</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#006B2D; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">PvdD</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EA5B0B; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">SGP</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00A7EB; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/ChristianUnion" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristianUnion">CU</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00B7B2; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/DENK_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="DENK (political party)">DENK</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#582c83; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#242B57; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joost_Eerdmans" title="Joost Eerdmans">1</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #121469; border-bottom: 2px solid #121469">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Open party-list proportional representation</a> (<a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">22 November 2023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Next_Dutch_general_election" title="Next Dutch general election">On or before 15 March 2028</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #121469; border-bottom: 2px solid #121469">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plenaire_zaal_Tweede_Kamer_-_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Plenaire_zaal_Tweede_Kamer_-_panorama.jpg/250px-Plenaire_zaal_Tweede_Kamer_-_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Plenaire_zaal_Tweede_Kamer_-_panorama.jpg/375px-Plenaire_zaal_Tweede_Kamer_-_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Plenaire_zaal_Tweede_Kamer_-_panorama.jpg/500px-Plenaire_zaal_Tweede_Kamer_-_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8738" data-file-height="3824" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Binnenhof" title="Binnenhof">Binnenhof</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a><br />(closed due to ongoing renovations)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tweede_Kamer_tijdelijke_locatie_plenaire_zaal_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tweede_Kamer_tijdelijke_locatie_plenaire_zaal_%283%29.jpg/220px-Tweede_Kamer_tijdelijke_locatie_plenaire_zaal_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tweede_Kamer_tijdelijke_locatie_plenaire_zaal_%283%29.jpg/330px-Tweede_Kamer_tijdelijke_locatie_plenaire_zaal_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tweede_Kamer_tijdelijke_locatie_plenaire_zaal_%283%29.jpg/440px-Tweede_Kamer_tijdelijke_locatie_plenaire_zaal_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5315" data-file-height="3543" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Bezuidenhoutseweg 67, The Hague<br />(temporary)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #121469; border-bottom: 2px solid #121469">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.houseofrepresentatives.nl">www<wbr />.houseofrepresentatives<wbr />.nl</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>House of Representatives</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈtʋeːdə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaːmər<span class="wrap"> </span>dɛr<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈstaːtə(ŋ)<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣeːnəˈraːl]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fa\/2e_kamer.ogg\/2e_kamer.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"2e kamer.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/2e_kamer.ogg/2e_kamer.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:2e_kamer.ogg" title="File:2e kamer.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, literally "<b>Second Chamber</b> of the States General", or simply <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><b>Tweede Kamer</b></i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a>, the other one being the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a>. It has 150 seats, which are filled through <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">elections</a> using <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a>. The house is located in the <a href="/wiki/Binnenhof" title="Binnenhof">Binnenhof</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>; it has temporarily moved to the former building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Bezuidenhoutseweg 67 in The Hague while the Binnenhof is being renovated.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the body is officially called the "House of Representatives" in English, it is not a direct translation of its official Dutch name, the "Second Chamber of the States General", "Second Chamber" or more colloquially just the "Chamber". Rather than "representative" (<i>afgevaardigde</i>), a member of the House is referred to as <i>(Tweede) Kamerlid</i>, or "member of the (Second) Chamber". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions">Functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The House of Representatives is the primary legislative body of the States General, where proposed <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> is discussed and the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">cabinet</a> are reviewed. Both the Cabinet and the House of Representatives itself have the right to propose legislation; the House of Representatives discusses it and, if adopted by a majority, sends it on to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both individual <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet ministers">cabinet ministers</a> and the cabinet as a whole must have parliament’s confidence. Therefore, a minister, or the whole cabinet, must resign if a majority of parliament expresses it no longer has confidence in them.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Review of the actions of the cabinet takes the form of formal interrogations in plenary and committee meetings, which may result in <a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">motions</a> urging the cabinet to take, or refrain from, certain actions. No individual may be a member of both parliament and cabinet, except in a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands#Formation" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">caretaker</a> cabinet that has not yet been succeeded when a new House is sworn in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EU_decision_making">EU decision making</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: EU decision making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through functions like the scrutiny and political discussions before meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a>, the appointment of EU-rapporteurs, and participation in the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Parliamentary_Committees_for_Union_Affairs" title="Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs">Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs</a> the House of Representatives also plays a role in <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> policy making.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment_of_functionaries">Appointment of functionaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Appointment of functionaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The House of Representatives is also responsible for the first round of selection for <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Netherlands" title="Supreme Court of the Netherlands">Supreme Court of the Netherlands</a>. It submits a list of three names for every vacant position to the Government. Furthermore, it elects the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman#Netherlands" title="Ombudsman">Ombudsman</a> and their deputies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The normal term of the House of Representatives is four years. Elections are called when the government loses the parliament's confidence, the governing coalition breaks down, the term of the House of Representatives expires, or when no governing coalition can be formed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registration_and_eligibility">Registration and eligibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Registration and eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All citizens over the age of 18 are eligible to vote. Eligible citizens residing in the Netherlands are <a href="/wiki/Automatic_voter_registration" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic voter registration">automatically registered</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Resident_registration" title="Resident registration">municipal population register</a>, while expatriates can permanently register at the municipality of <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> provided they have a current Dutch passport or <a href="/wiki/National_ID" class="mw-redirect" title="National ID">national ID</a>. Residents of <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> can only vote if they have spent at least ten years residing in the Netherlands or work for the Dutch civil service.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Aren't these territories part of the Netherlands? Can people living in these territories vote? (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Prisoners serving a term of more than one year are not eligible to vote. From 2009 onwards, mentally incapacitated citizens have regained the right to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties in the Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections in the Netherlands</a></div> <p>The Netherlands uses a system of <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a>. Seats are allocated among the parties using the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a><sup id="cite_ref-wetten.nl_20193_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wetten.nl_20193-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an <a href="/wiki/Election_threshold" class="mw-redirect" title="Election threshold">election threshold</a> of 0.67% (a <a href="/wiki/Hare_quota" title="Hare quota">Hare quota</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Kiesraad.nl_20163_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiesraad.nl_20163-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parties may choose to compete with different candidate lists in each of the country's twenty electoral circles. If a party competes with different candidate lists, the seats allocated to the party are subsequently allocated among its different candidate lists using the <a href="/wiki/Largest_remainders_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest remainders method">largest remainders method</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seats won by a list are first allocated to the candidates who, in preferential votes, have received at least 25% of the Hare quota (effectively ¼ of a seat or 0.17% of the total votes), regardless of their placement on the electoral list. If multiple candidates from a list pass this threshold, their ordering is determined based on the number of votes received. Any remaining seats are allocated to candidates according to their position on the electoral list.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1973 until 2017, parties were able to form <a href="/wiki/Apparentment" title="Apparentment">electoral alliances</a> to increase their share of seats in parliament, allowing parties to overcome some of the bias of the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a>; however, this practice has since been discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a vacancy arises, the seat is offered to the next candidate on the candidate list to which the seat was originally allocated.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_of_governing_coalition">Formation of governing coalition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Formation of governing coalition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_cabinet_formation" title="Dutch cabinet formation">Dutch cabinet formation</a></div> <p>After all seats are allocated, a series of negotiations take place in order to form a government that, usually, commands a majority in the chamber. Since 2012, the House of Representatives appoints a "scout" to ask the major party leaders about prospective coalitions. On basis of the scout's interviews, the House of Representatives then appoints an <i><a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">informateur</a></i>, who checks out possible coalitions, and a <i><a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">formateur</a></i>, who leads negotiations. Before 2012, the informateur and formateur were appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">monarch</a>. It typically takes a few months before the <i>formateur</i> is ready to accept a royal invitation to form a government and become prime minister. All cabinet members must resign from parliament, as the constitution does not allow a cabinet member to simultaneously hold a seat in the House of Representatives. </p><p>Due to the nationwide party-list system and the low election threshold, a typical House of Representatives has ten or more parties represented. Such fragmentation makes it nearly impossible for one party to win the 76 seats needed for a majority in the House of Representatives. Since the current party-list proportional representation system was introduced in 1917, no party has approached the number of seats needed for an outright majority. This fragmentation also makes it almost prohibitively difficult to win enough seats to govern alone. The highest number of seats won by a single party since then has been 54 out of 150, by the CDA in 1986 and 1989. Between 1891 and 1897, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Liberal Union (Netherlands)">Liberal Union</a> was the last party to have an absolute majority of seats in the House of Representatives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="I believe this is not true. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> All Dutch cabinets since then have been coalitions of two or more parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_compositions">Historical compositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historical compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands">Historic composition of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutchparlseats2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/Dutchparlseats2.png/220px-Dutchparlseats2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/Dutchparlseats2.png/330px-Dutchparlseats2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/Dutchparlseats2.png/440px-Dutchparlseats2.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Representation per party, between 1946 and 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, there have been 100 seats in the House of Representatives. In 1956, this number was increased to 150, at which it remains today. </p><p>To give an overview of the history of the House of Representatives, the figure on the right shows the seat distribution in the House from the first general elections after World War II (1946) to the most recent election. The left-wing parties are located towards the bottom, while the Christian parties are located in the center, and the right-wing parties towards the top. Occasionally, single-issue (or narrow-focus) parties have arisen, and these are shown at the extreme top. Vertical lines indicate general elections. Although these are generally held every four years, the resulting coalition governments do not always finish their term without a government crisis, which is often followed by new elections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_composition">Current composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Current composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present</a></div> <p>The composition of the House of Representatives as of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023 general election</a> is shown in the table below. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or. [The seven arrows stand for the seven provinces of the Union of Utrecht.] The shield is crowned with the (Dutch) royal crown and supported by two lions Or armed and langued gules. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text (Or) "Je Maintiendrai" (French for "I will maintain".)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/225px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/300px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wet_Algemene_Bepalingen" title="Wet Algemene Bepalingen">Wet Algemene Bepalingen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">King</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Council of Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_(Netherlands)" title="Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)">Ministers Plenipotentiary</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Aruba" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba">Aruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten">St. Maarten</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Netherlands">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Fleur_Agema" title="Fleur Agema">Fleur Agema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hermans" title="Sophie Hermans">Sophie Hermans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eddy_van_Hijum" title="Eddy van Hijum">Eddy van Hijum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mona_Keijzer" title="Mona Keijzer">Mona Keijzer</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn">Jan Anthonie Bruijn</a></dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="Template:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Martin Bosma</a></dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committees_of_the_States_General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary committees of the States General of the Netherlands">Parliamentary committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Netherlands" title="Judiciary of the Netherlands">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Netherlands" title="Supreme Court of the Netherlands">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="High Council of State (Netherlands)">High Councils of State</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Council of State">Council of State</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Court_of_Audit" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Court of Audit">Court of Audit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Ombudsman" title="National Ombudsman">National Ombudsman</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Dutch_general_election" title="Next Dutch general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Provincial: <a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2011 Dutch provincial elections">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2015 Dutch provincial elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2019 Dutch provincial elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2023 Dutch provincial elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Municipal: <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2010 Dutch municipal elections">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2014 Dutch municipal elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2018 Dutch municipal elections">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2022 Dutch municipal elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Netherlands" title="Referendums in the Netherlands">Referendums</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendums: <a href="/wiki/2005_Dutch_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_Intelligence_and_Security_Services_Act_referendum" title="2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_politicians" title="Category:Dutch politicians">Politicians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Local government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Provincial politics in the Netherlands">Provincial politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Municipal politics in the Netherlands">Municipal politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BES_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="BES islands">BES islands</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Veldkamp" title="Caspar Veldkamp">Caspar Veldkamp</a><hr /></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Netherlands">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_passport" title="Dutch passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Dutch_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Dutch citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_in_the_Caribbean" title="Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean">Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">De Nederlandsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands_(1900%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Netherlands (1900–present)">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Economic_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Economic Council">Social Economic Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Group </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #012758;" data-sort-value="Party for Freedom"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#012758; width: 24.666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">37 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DC1F26;" data-sort-value="GroenLinks–PvdA"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GroenLinks–PvdA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#DC1F26; width: 16.666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">25 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#0A2CCA;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz">Dilan Yeşilgöz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#0A2CCA; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">24 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0C400;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Omtzigt" title="Pieter Omtzigt">Pieter Omtzigt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#F0C400; width: 13.333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">20 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00AE41;" data-sort-value="Democrats 66"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Rob Jetten</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">9 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #94C11F;" data-sort-value="Farmer–Citizen Movement"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caroline_van_der_Plas" title="Caroline van der Plas">Caroline van der Plas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#94C11F; width: 4.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">7 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#2CC84D;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bontenbal" title="Henri Bontenbal">Henri Bontenbal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#2CC84D; width: 3.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">5 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F60000;" data-sort-value="Socialist Party (Netherlands)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dijk" title="Jimmy Dijk">Jimmy Dijk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#F60000; width: 3.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">5 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00B7B2;" data-sort-value="DENK (political party)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/DENK_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="DENK (political party)">DENK</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephan_van_Baarle" title="Stephan van Baarle">Stephan van Baarle</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00B7B2; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #006B2D;" data-sort-value="Party for the Animals"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Esther_Ouwehand" title="Esther Ouwehand">Esther Ouwehand</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#006B2D; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #841818;" data-sort-value="Forum for Democracy"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Baudet" title="Thierry Baudet">Thierry Baudet</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#841818; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #EA5B0B;" data-sort-value="Reformed Political Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chris_Stoffer" title="Chris Stoffer">Chris Stoffer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#EA5B0B; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00A7EB;" data-sort-value="Christian Union (Netherlands)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirjam_Bikker" title="Mirjam Bikker">Mirjam Bikker</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00A7EB; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #582c83;" data-sort-value="Volt Netherlands"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurens_Dassen" title="Laurens Dassen">Laurens Dassen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#582c83; width: 1.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 150</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #242B57;" data-sort-value="JA21"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joost_Eerdmans" title="Joost Eerdmans">Joost Eerdmans</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#242B57; width: 0.66666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">1 / 150</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wasted_vote">Wasted vote</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wasted vote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The small fraction of voters, which were not represented by any party in the House of Representatives of the Netherlands despite valid vote, is increasing. The <a href="/wiki/Wasted_vote" title="Wasted vote">wasted vote</a> fraction is shown below:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wasted_vote_in_the_Netherlands,_2002_to_2021.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Graph of the wasted vote in the Netherlands from 2002 to 2021"><img alt="Graph of the wasted vote in the Netherlands from 2002 to 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wasted_vote_in_the_Netherlands%2C_2002_to_2021.png/500px-Wasted_vote_in_the_Netherlands%2C_2002_to_2021.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wasted_vote_in_the_Netherlands%2C_2002_to_2021.png/750px-Wasted_vote_in_the_Netherlands%2C_2002_to_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wasted_vote_in_the_Netherlands%2C_2002_to_2021.png/1000px-Wasted_vote_in_the_Netherlands%2C_2002_to_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption>Graph of the wasted vote in the Netherlands from 2002 to 2021</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members_of_the_Presidium">Members of the Presidium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Members of the Presidium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th colspan="2">Group </th> <th>Service in the Presidium </th> <th>Service in the House of Representatives </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin-Bosma_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Martin Bosma"><img alt="Martin Bosma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Martin-Bosma_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Martin-Bosma_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Martin-Bosma_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Martin-Bosma_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Martin-Bosma_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Martin-Bosma_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Martin Bosma</a> <br /> <small>(born 1964)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #012758;" data-sort-value="Party for Freedom"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a> </td> <td>30 June 2010 <br /> <small>(14 years, 150 days)</small> </td> <td>30 November 2006 <br /> <small>(17 years, 363 days)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Deputy Speaker </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_van_der_Lee_2020_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tom_van_der_Lee_2020_%282%29.jpg/120px-Tom_van_der_Lee_2020_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tom_van_der_Lee_2020_%282%29.jpg/180px-Tom_van_der_Lee_2020_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tom_van_der_Lee_2020_%282%29.jpg/240px-Tom_van_der_Lee_2020_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="4170" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_van_der_Lee" title="Tom van der Lee">Tom van der Lee</a> <br /> <small>(born 1964)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DC1F26;" data-sort-value="GroenLinks–PvdA"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL/PvdA</a> </td> <td>14 June 2018 <br /> <small>(6 years, 166 days)</small> </td> <td>23 March 2017 <br /> <small>(7 years, 249 days)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Deputy Speaker </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roelien_Kamminga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roelien Kamminga"><img alt="Roelien Kamminga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Roelien_Kamminga.jpg/120px-Roelien_Kamminga.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Roelien_Kamminga.jpg/180px-Roelien_Kamminga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Roelien_Kamminga.jpg/240px-Roelien_Kamminga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roelien_Kamminga" title="Roelien Kamminga">Roelien Kamminga</a> <br /> <small>(born 1978)</small> </td> <td style="background:#0A2CCA;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> </td> <td>7 July 2021 <br /> <small>(3 years, 143 days)</small> </td> <td>31 March 2021 <br /> <small>(3 years, 241 days)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Deputy Speaker </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven-Kok.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicolien van Vroonhoven-Kok"><img alt="Nicolien van Vroonhoven-Kok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven-Kok.jpg/120px-Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven-Kok.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven-Kok.jpg/180px-Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven-Kok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven-Kok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven-Kok" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolien van Vroonhoven-Kok">Nicolien van Vroonhoven-Kok</a> <br /> <small>(born 1971)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F0C400;" data-sort-value="New Social Contract"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">NSC</a> </td> <td>19 December 2023 <br /> <small>(344 days)</small> </td> <td>23 May 2002 - 12 May 2008, <br /> 18 August 2008 - 17 June 2010, <br /> 6 December 2023 <br /> <small>(8 years, 286 days)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Deputy Speaker </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wieke_Paulusma_-_D66_TK2021_candidate_Nr.15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wieke Paulusma"><img alt="Wieke Paulusma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wieke_Paulusma_-_D66_TK2021_candidate_Nr.15.jpg/120px-Wieke_Paulusma_-_D66_TK2021_candidate_Nr.15.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wieke_Paulusma_-_D66_TK2021_candidate_Nr.15.jpg/180px-Wieke_Paulusma_-_D66_TK2021_candidate_Nr.15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wieke_Paulusma_-_D66_TK2021_candidate_Nr.15.jpg/240px-Wieke_Paulusma_-_D66_TK2021_candidate_Nr.15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wieke_Paulusma" title="Wieke Paulusma">Wieke Paulusma</a> <br /> <small>(born 1978)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00AE41;" data-sort-value="Democrats 66"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a> </td> <td>19 December 2023 <br /> <small>(344 days)</small> </td> <td>15 April 2021 <br /> <small>(3 years, 226 days)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fifth Deputy Speaker </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_politic_personality_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Netherlands_politic_personality_icon.svg/120px-Netherlands_politic_personality_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Netherlands_politic_personality_icon.svg/180px-Netherlands_politic_personality_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Netherlands_politic_personality_icon.svg/240px-Netherlands_politic_personality_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henk_Vermeer" title="Henk Vermeer">Henk Vermeer</a> <br /> <small>(born 1966)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #94C11F;" data-sort-value="Farmer–Citizen Movement"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">BBB</a> </td> <td>19 December 2023 <br /> <small>(344 days)</small> </td> <td>6 December 2023 <br /> <small>(357 days)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sixth Deputy Speaker </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gidi_Markuszower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gidi Markuszower"><img alt="Gidi Markuszower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gidi_Markuszower.jpg/120px-Gidi_Markuszower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gidi_Markuszower.jpg/180px-Gidi_Markuszower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gidi_Markuszower.jpg/240px-Gidi_Markuszower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="221" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gidi_Markuszower" title="Gidi Markuszower">Gidi Markuszower</a> <br /> <small>(born 1977)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #012758;" data-sort-value="Party for Freedom"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a> </td> <td>19 December 2023 <br /> <small>(344 days)</small> </td> <td>21 March 2017 <br /> <small>(7 years, 251 days)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_committees">Parliamentary committees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Parliamentary committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committee_of_the_Dutch_parliament" title="Parliamentary committee of the Dutch parliament">Parliamentary committee of the Dutch parliament</a></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parliamentary committee </th> <th>Ministry </th> <th>Current chair </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_the_Interior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for the Interior (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for the Interior</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_commissie_voor_Binnenlandse_Zaken" class="extiw" title="nl:Vaste commissie voor Binnenlandse Zaken">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Ministry of the Interior <br /> and Kingdom Relations</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Groot" title="Peter de Groot">Peter de Groot</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_Foreign_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for Foreign Affairs (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for Foreign Affairs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_commissie_voor_Buitenlandse_Zaken" class="extiw" title="nl:Vaste commissie voor Buitenlandse Zaken">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raymond_de_Roon" title="Raymond de Roon">Raymond de Roon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_Finance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for Finance (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for Finance</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_commissie_voor_Financi%C3%ABn" class="extiw" title="nl:Vaste commissie voor Financiën">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Ministry of Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judith_Tielen" title="Judith Tielen">Judith Tielen</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Justice and Security </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Security">Ministry of Justice and Security</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michiel_van_Nispen" title="Michiel van Nispen">Michiel van Nispen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">SP</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Economic Affairs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Economic Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chris_Stoffer" title="Chris Stoffer">Chris Stoffer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">SGP</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_Defence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for Defence (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for Defence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_commissie_voor_Defensie" class="extiw" title="nl:Vaste commissie voor Defensie">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)">Ministry of Defence</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raymond_de_Roon" title="Raymond de Roon">Raymond de Roon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Health, Welfare and Sport </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Welfare_and_Sport" title="Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport">Ministry of Health, <br /> Welfare and Sport</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Mohandis" title="Mohammed Mohandis">Mohammed Mohandis</a> (<a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Social Affairs and Employment </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_and_Employment" title="Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment">Ministry of Social Affairs <br /> and Employment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_de_Jong" title="Léon de Jong">Léon de Jong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Education, Culture and Science </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture_and_Science_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)">Ministry of Education, <br /> Culture and Science</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Michon" title="Ingrid Michon">Ingrid Michon-Derkzen</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_Infrastructure_and_Water_Management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for Infrastructure and Water Management (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for <br /> Infrastructure and Water Management</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_commissie_voor_Infrastructuur_en_Waterstaat" class="extiw" title="nl:Vaste commissie voor Infrastructuur en Waterstaat">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Infrastructure_and_Water_Management" title="Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management">Ministry of Infrastructure <br /> and Water Management</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wytske_Postma" title="Wytske Postma">Wytske Postma</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">NSC</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_Agriculture,_Fisheries,_Food_Security_and_Nature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for Agriculture, <br /> Fisheries, Food Security and Nature</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_commissie_voor_Landbouw,_Visserij,_Voedselzekerheid_en_Natuur" class="extiw" title="nl:Vaste commissie voor Landbouw, Visserij, Voedselzekerheid en Natuur">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries,_Food_Security_and_Nature" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature">Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, <br /> Food Security and Nature</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dion_Graus" title="Dion Graus">Dion Graus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Asylum and Migration </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Asylum_and_Migration" title="Ministry of Asylum and Migration">Ministry of Asylum and Migration</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hans_Vijlbrief" title="Hans Vijlbrief">Hans Vijlbrief</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Climate Policy and Green Growth </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Climate_Policy_and_Green_Growth" title="Ministry of Climate Policy and Green Growth">Ministry of Climate Policy and Green Growth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joris_Thijssen" title="Joris Thijssen">Joris Thijssen</a> (<a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL/PvdA</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Housing and Spatial Planning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Spatial_Planning" title="Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning">Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wytske_Postma" title="Wytske Postma">Wytske Postma</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">NSC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Select Parliamentary Committee </th> <th>Ministry </th> <th>Current Chair </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_Kingdom_Relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for Kingdom Relations (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for <br /> Kingdom Relations</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_commissie_voor_Koninkrijksrelaties" class="extiw" title="nl:Vaste commissie voor Koninkrijksrelaties">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Ministry of the Interior <br /> and Kingdom Relations</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wieke_Paulusma" title="Wieke Paulusma">Wieke Paulusma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> European Affairs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caroline_van_der_Plas" title="Caroline van der Plas">Caroline van der Plas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">BBB</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joris_Thijssen" title="Joris Thijssen">Joris Thijssen</a> (<a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Building Supervision </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Infrastructure_and_Water_Management" title="Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management">Ministry of Infrastructure <br /> and Water Management</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Aartsen" title="Thierry Aartsen">Thierry Aartsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Petitions and the Citizen Initiatives </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raoul_White" title="Raoul White">Raoul White</a> (<a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_parliamentary_committee_for_Intelligence_and_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch parliamentary committee for Intelligence and Security (page does not exist)">Parliamentary committee for <br /> Intelligence and Security</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissie_voor_de_Inlichtingen-_en_Veiligheidsdiensten" class="extiw" title="nl:Commissie voor de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten">nl</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Committee for Working Methods </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Martin Bosma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Art Committee </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Haasen" title="Peter van Haasen">Peter van Haasen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Committee for the Verification of Credentials </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulysse_Ellian" title="Ulysse Ellian">Ulysse Ellian</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Committee for Government Expenditure </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joost_Sneller" title="Joost Sneller">Joost Sneller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Special Parliamentary Committee </th> <th>Ministry </th> <th>Current Chair </th></tr> <tr> <td>Parliamentary committee for <br /> Digital Affairs </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kathmann" title="Barbara Kathmann">Barbara Kathmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5BC422; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GL</a> (13)<sup id="cite_ref-GL/PvdA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GL/PvdA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DF111A; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">PvdA</a> (12)<sup id="cite_ref-GL/PvdA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GL/PvdA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerleden_en_commissies/fracties/gl-pvda">"GroenLinks-PvdA (GL-PvdA)"</a>. <i>Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i>. 27 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tweede+Kamer+der+Staten-Generaal&rft.atitle=GroenLinks-PvdA+%28GL-PvdA%29&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tweedekamer.nl%2Fkamerleden_en_commissies%2Ffracties%2Fgl-pvda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Representatives+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GL/PvdA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GL/PvdA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GL/PvdA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europeelects.eu/netherlands/">"Netherlands"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Europe_Elects" title="Europe Elects">Europe Elects</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europe+Elects&rft.atitle=Netherlands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropeelects.eu%2Fnetherlands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Representatives+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tweedekamer.nl/contact-en-bezoek/renovatie-van-het-binnenhof-en-de-tijdelijke-verhuizing-van-de-tweede-kamer">"Renovatie van het Binnenhof en de tijdelijke verhuizing van de Tweede Kamer"</a>. <i>www.tweedekamer.nl</i> (in Dutch). 27 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Volkskrant.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fenomeen+politieke+lijstverbinding+sneuvelt+in+Eerste+Kamer&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft.au=Gijs+Herdersche%C3%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fbinnenland%2Ffenomeen-politieke-lijstverbinding-sneuvelt-in-eerste-kamer~a4501654%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Representatives+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kiesraad.nl/verkiezingen/tweede-kamer/benoemingen/tussentijdse-benoemingen">"Tussentijdse benoemingen"</a>. <i>Kiesraad.nl</i> (in Dutch). 22 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kiesraad&rft.atitle=Bekendmaking+uitslag+Tweede+Kamerverkiezing+2021&rft.date=2016-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiesraad.nl%2Fverkiezingen%2Ftweede-kamer%2Fuitslagen%2Fbekendmaking-uitslag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Representatives+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_(2023–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands (2023–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Representatives</a></b> <br /> 6 December 2023 – present</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> <br /> (PVV – 37)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Wilders</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Aardema" title="Max Aardema">Aardema</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Fleur_Agema" title="Fleur Agema">Agema</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinder_Blaauw" title="Reinder Blaauw">Blaauw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maikel_Boon" title="Maikel Boon">Boon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_den_Born" title="Vincent van den Born">Van den Born</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Bosma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a>)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Boutkan" title="Willem Boutkan">Boutkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Claassen" title="René Claassen">Claassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Crijns" title="Patrick Crijns">Crijns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Deen" title="Marco Deen">Deen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teun_van_Dijck" title="Teun van Dijck">Van Dijck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiel_van_Dijk" title="Emiel van Dijk">E. van Dijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Esser" title="Eric Esser">Esser</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Marjolein_Faber" title="Marjolein Faber">Faber-van de Klashorst</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Faddegon" title="Chris Faddegon">Faddegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion_Graus" title="Dion Graus">Graus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Haasen" title="Peter van Haasen">Van Haasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidde_Heutink" title="Hidde Heutink">Heutink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_van_der_Hoeff" title="Patrick van der Hoeff">Van der Hoeff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_de_Jong" title="Léon de Jong">De Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kops" title="Alexander Kops">Kops</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Barry_Madlener" title="Barry Madlener">Madlener</a>›</li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Vicky_Maeijer" title="Vicky Maeijer">Maeijer</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidi_Markuszower" title="Gidi Markuszower">Markuszower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_van_Meetelen" title="Rachel van Meetelen">Van Meetelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Mooiman" title="Jeremy Mooiman">Mooiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mulder" title="Edgar Mulder">Mulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanet_Nijhof-Leeuw" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanet Nijhof-Leeuw">Nijhof-Leeuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joeri_Pool" title="Joeri Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ram" title="Dennis Ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rep" title="Robert Rep">Rep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_de_Roon" title="Raymond de Roon">De Roon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Smitskam" title="Peter Smitskam">Smitskam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkert_Thiadens" title="Folkert Thiadens">Thiadens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico_Uppelschoten" title="Nico Uppelschoten">Uppelschoten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Valize" title="Jan Valize">Valize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martine_van_der_Velde" title="Martine van der Velde">Van der Velde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmar_Vlottes" title="Elmar Vlottes">Vlottes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Vondeling" title="Marina Vondeling">Vondeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_de_Vree" title="Henk de Vree">De Vree</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Tweede_Kamer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GroenLinks–Labour Party</a> <br /> (GL/PvdA – 25)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Timmermans</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bromet" title="Laura Bromet">Bromet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bushoff" title="Julian Bushoff">Bushoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glimina_Chakor" title="Glimina Chakor">Chakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Gabri%C3%ABls" title="Geert Gabriëls">Gabriëls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%ABlle_Hirsch" title="Daniëlle Hirsch">Hirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habtamu_de_Hoop" title="Habtamu de Hoop">De Hoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kathmann" title="Barbara Kathmann">Kathmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Klaver" title="Jesse Klaver">Klaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Kr%C3%B6ger" title="Suzanne Kröger">Kröger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmah_Lahlah" title="Esmah Lahlah">Lahlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_van_der_Lee" title="Tom van der Lee">Van der Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senna_Maatoug" title="Senna Maatoug">Maatoug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Mohandis" title="Mohammed Mohandis">Mohandis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%C3%BCl_Mutluer" title="Songül Mutluer">Mutluer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimme_Nordkamp" title="Jimme Nordkamp">Nordkamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%ABtte_Patijn" title="Mariëtte Patijn">Patijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Pijpelink" title="Anita Pijpelink">Pijpelink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kati_Piri" title="Kati Piri">Piri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elke_Slagt-Tichelman" title="Elke Slagt-Tichelman">Slagt-Tichelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Stultiens" title="Luc Stultiens">Stultiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Thijssen" title="Joris Thijssen">Thijssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikal_Tseggai" title="Mikal Tseggai">Tseggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Westerveld" title="Lisa Westerveld">Westerveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_White" title="Raoul White">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for <br /> Freedom and Democracy</a> <br /> (VVD – 24)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz-Zegerius">Yeşilgöz-Zegerius</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Aartsen" title="Thierry Aartsen">Aartsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bente_Becker" title="Bente Becker">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Bevers" title="Harry Bevers">Bevers</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Ruben_Brekelmans" title="Ruben Brekelmans">Brekelmans</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martijn_Buijsse" title="Martijn Buijsse">Buijsse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_van_der_Burg" title="Eric van der Burg">Van der Burg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_van_Campen" title="Thom van Campen">Van Campen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemarijn_Dral" title="Rosemarijn Dral">Dral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_van_Eijk" title="Wendy van Eijk">Van Eijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysse_Ellian" title="Ulysse Ellian">Ellian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Erkens" title="Silvio Erkens">Erkens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Groot" title="Peter de Groot">P. de Groot</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Eelco_Heinen" title="Eelco Heinen">Heinen</a>›</li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hermans" title="Sophie Hermans">Hermans</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_van_den_Hil" title="Jacqueline van den Hil">Van den Hil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roelien_Kamminga" title="Roelien Kamminga">Kamminga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arend_Kisteman" title="Arend Kisteman">Kisteman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daan_de_Kort" title="Daan de Kort">De Kort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Martens" title="Claire Martens">Martens-America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Meulenkamp" title="Wim Meulenkamp">Meulenkamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Michon" title="Ingrid Michon">Michon-Derkzen</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%ABlle_Paul" title="Mariëlle Paul">Paul</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queeny_Rajkowski" title="Queeny Rajkowski">Rajkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Tielen" title="Judith Tielen">Tielen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hester_Veltman-Kamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Hester Veltman-Kamp">Veltman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aukje_de_Vries" title="Aukje de Vries">De Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianne_van_der_Wal" title="Christianne van der Wal">Van der Wal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a> <br /> (NSC – 20)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Omtzigt" title="Pieter Omtzigt">Omtzigt</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diederik_Boomsma" title="Diederik Boomsma">Boomsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Bruyning" title="Faith Bruyning">Bruyning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olger_van_Dijk" title="Olger van Dijk">O. van Dijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Heite" title="Annemarie Heite">Heite</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Hertzberger" title="Rosanne Hertzberger">Hertzberger</a>›</li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Eddy_van_Hijum" title="Eddy van Hijum">Van Hijum</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_Holman" title="Harm Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkert_Idsinga" title="Folkert Idsinga">Idsinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%ABlle_Jansen" title="Daniëlle Jansen">D. Jansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Joseph" title="Agnes Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Kahraman" title="Isa Kahraman">Kahraman</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Tjebbe_van_Oostenbruggen" title="Tjebbe van Oostenbruggen">Van Oostenbruggen</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Palmen" title="Sandra Palmen">Palmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wytske_Postma" title="Wytske Postma">Postma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilse_Saris" title="Ilse Saris">Saris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Six_Dijkstra" title="Jesse Six Dijkstra">Six Dijkstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aant_Jelle_Soepboer" title="Aant Jelle Soepboer">Soepboer</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Judith_Uitermark" title="Judith Uitermark">Uitermark</a>›</li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Caspar_Veldkamp" title="Caspar Veldkamp">Veldkamp</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolien_van_Vroonhoven" title="Nicolien van Vroonhoven">Van Vroonhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlien_Welzijn" title="Merlien Welzijn">Welzijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natascha_Wingelaar" title="Natascha Wingelaar">Wingelaar</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Femke_Zeedijk" title="Femke Zeedijk">Zeedijk</a>›</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> <br /> (D66 – 9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rob_Jetten" title="Rob Jetten">Jetten</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpanzu_Bamenga" title="Mpanzu Bamenga">Bamenga</a></li> <li>‹<i><a href="/wiki/Tjeerd_de_Groot" title="Tjeerd de Groot">T. de Groot</a></i>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Paternotte" title="Jan Paternotte">Paternotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wieke_Paulusma" title="Wieke Paulusma">Paulusma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marijke_Podt" title="Anne-Marijke Podt">Podt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilana_Rooderkerk" title="Ilana Rooderkerk">Rooderkerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joost_Sneller" title="Joost Sneller">Sneller</a></li> <li>‹<i><a href="/wiki/Marijke_Synhaeve" title="Marijke Synhaeve">Synhaeve</a></i>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Vijlbrief" title="Hans Vijlbrief">Vijlbrief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanneke_van_der_Werf" title="Hanneke van der Werf">Van der Werf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a> <br /> (BBB – 7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Caroline_van_der_Plas" title="Caroline van der Plas">Van der Plas</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Helder" title="Lilian Helder">Helder</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Mona_Keijzer" title="Mona Keijzer">Keijzer</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_Pierik" title="Cor Pierik">Pierik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariska_Rikkers" title="Mariska Rikkers">Rikkers</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Gijs_Tuinman" title="Gijs Tuinman">Tuinman</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Vermeer" title="Henk Vermeer">Vermeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marieke_Wijen-Nass" title="Marieke Wijen-Nass">Wijen-Nass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_van_Zanten" title="Claudia van Zanten">Van Zanten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> <br /> (CDA – 5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bontenbal" title="Henri Bontenbal">Bontenbal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derk_Boswijk" title="Derk Boswijk">Boswijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inge_van_Dijk" title="Inge van Dijk">I. van Dijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmen_Krul" title="Harmen Krul">Krul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eline_Vedder" title="Eline Vedder">Vedder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> <br /> (SP – 5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dijk" title="Jimmy Dijk">Dijk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Beckerman" title="Sandra Beckerman">Beckerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Dobbe" title="Sarah Dobbe">Dobbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_van_Kent" title="Bart van Kent">Van Kent</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Lilian_Marijnissen" title="Lilian Marijnissen">Marijnissen</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiel_van_Nispen" title="Michiel van Nispen">Van Nispen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DENK_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="DENK (political party)">DENK</a> <br /> (DENK – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stephan_van_Baarle" title="Stephan van Baarle">Van Baarle</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_el_Abassi" title="Ismail el Abassi">El Abassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fukan_Ergin" title="Doğukan Ergin">Ergin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> <br /> (PvdD – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Esther_Ouwehand" title="Esther Ouwehand">Ouwehand</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ines_Kosti%C4%87" title="Ines Kostić">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Teunissen" title="Christine Teunissen">Teunissen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum for Democracy (Netherlands)">Forum for Democracy</a> <br /> (FVD – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Baudet" title="Thierry Baudet">Baudet</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralf_Dekker" title="Ralf Dekker">Dekker</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Pepijn_van_Houwelingen" title="Pepijn van Houwelingen">Van Houwelingen</a>›</li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Freek_Jansen" title="Freek Jansen">F. Jansen</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_van_Meijeren" title="Gideon van Meijeren">Van Meijeren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a> <br /> (SGP – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Stoffer" title="Chris Stoffer">Stoffer</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diederik_van_Dijk" title="Diederik van Dijk">D. van Dijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Flach" title="André Flach">Flach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a> <br /> (CU – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mirjam_Bikker" title="Mirjam Bikker">Bikker</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Ceder" title="Don Ceder">Ceder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Grinwis" title="Pieter Grinwis">Grinwis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a> <br /> (Volt – 2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Laurens_Dassen" title="Laurens Dassen">Dassen</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marieke_Koekkoek" title="Marieke Koekkoek">Koekkoek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> <br /> (JA21 – 1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Joost_Eerdmans" title="Joost Eerdmans">Eerdmans</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> <b>Bold</b> </span> indicates the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">parliamentary leader</a> (first mentioned) and the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a>; <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> (Brackets) </span> indicate a temporarily absent member; <br /> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> <i>Italics</i> </span> indicate a temporary member; <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> ‹Guillemets› </span> indicate a member who has left the House of Representatives <br /> <b>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="Template:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_members_of_the_States_General_of_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_States-General_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Members of the States-General of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_States-General_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Members of the States-General of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_States-General_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the States-General of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_members_of_the_States_General_of_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists of members of the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Netherlands">Senate</a><br /><small>(upper house)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_1983%E2%80%931987&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 1983–1987 (page does not exist)">1983–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_1987%E2%80%931991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 1987–1991 (page does not exist)">1987–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_1991%E2%80%931995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 1991–1995 (page does not exist)">1991–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_1995%E2%80%931999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 1995–1999 (page does not exist)">1995–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_1999%E2%80%932003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 1999–2003 (page does not exist)">1999–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2003%E2%80%932007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2003–2007 (page does not exist)">2003–2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2007%E2%80%932011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2007–2011 (page does not exist)">2007–2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2011%E2%80%932015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2011–2015 (page does not exist)">2011–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2015%E2%80%932019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2015–2019 (page does not exist)">2015–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2019%E2%80%932023" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2019–2023">2019–2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">2023–2027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands_for_Christian_Union" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands for Christian Union">Christian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands_for_GroenLinks" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands for GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands_for_Party_for_the_Animals" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands for Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands_for_the_Reformed_Political_Party" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands for the Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands_for_the_Party_for_Freedom" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands for the Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Staten_Generaal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Staten_Generaal.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Staten_Generaal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Staten_Generaal.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Staten_Generaal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Staten_Generaal.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Staten_Generaal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of the Netherlands">House of Representatives</a><br /><small>(lower house)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1971%E2%80%931972&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1971–1972 (page does not exist)">1971–1972</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1972%E2%80%931977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1972–1977 (page does not exist)">1972–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1977%E2%80%931981" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1977–1981">1977–1981</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1981%E2%80%931982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1981–1982 (page does not exist)">1981–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1982%E2%80%931986&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1982–1986 (page does not exist)">1982–1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1986%E2%80%931989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1986–1989 (page does not exist)">1986–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1989%E2%80%931994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1989–1994 (page does not exist)">1989–1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1994%E2%80%931998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1994–1998 (page does not exist)">1994–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_1998%E2%80%932002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 1998–2002 (page does not exist)">1998–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2002%E2%80%932003" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2002–2003">2002–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2003%E2%80%932006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2003–2006 (page does not exist)">2003–2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2006%E2%80%932010" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2006–2010">2006–2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2010%E2%80%932012" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2010–2012">2010–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2012%E2%80%932017" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2012–2017">2012–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2017%E2%80%932021" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2017–2021">2017–2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2021%E2%80%932023" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2021–2023">2021–2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">2023–</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_50PLUS" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for 50PLUS">50PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_Forum_for_Democracy" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_GroenLinks" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_Party_for_the_Animals" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_the_Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for the Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_the_Reformed_Political_Party" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for the Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_the_Party_for_Freedom" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for the Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties in the Netherlands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections in the Netherlands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands">Historic composition of the House of Representatives</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Historic composition of the Senate</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties in the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">represented in the<br />States General and/or<br />European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denk_(political_party)" title="Denk (political party)">Denk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GroenLinks–PvdA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Politics_Netherlands" title="Independent Politics Netherlands">Independent Politics Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">without representation in<br />the States General and/or<br />European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belang_van_Nederland" title="Belang van Nederland">Belang van Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIJ1" title="BIJ1">BIJ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Orange_(political_party)" title="Code Orange (political party)">Code Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nieuwe_Mens" title="De Nieuwe Mens">De Nieuwe Mens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza!_Nederland" title="Forza! Nederland">Forza! Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_for_Freedom" title="Heart for Freedom">Heart for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Krol_List" title="Henk Krol List">Henk Krol List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezus_Leeft" title="Jezus Leeft">Jezus Leeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEF_%E2%80%93_For_the_New_Generation" title="LEF – For the New Generation">LEF – For the New Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Netherlands)">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Libertarian Party (Netherlands)">Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Direct_Democracy" title="More Direct Democracy">More Direct Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland_met_een_Plan" title="Nederland met een Plan">Nederland met een Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_the_Netherlands" title="New Communist Party of the Netherlands">New Communist Party of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLBeter" title="NLBeter">NLBeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otten_Group" title="Otten Group">Otten Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Republic" title="Party for the Republic">Party for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Sports" title="Party for Sports">Party for Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Pirate Party (Netherlands)">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Party_for_Basic_Income" title="Political Party for Basic Income">Political Party for Basic Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splinter_(political_party)" title="Splinter (political party)">Splinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Netherlands)" title="The Greens (Netherlands)">The Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Future" title="Party of the Future">The Party Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_for_the_Netherlands" title="Together for the Netherlands">Together for the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trots_op_Nederland" title="Trots op Nederland">Trots op Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Connected_Front" title="Ubuntu Connected Front">Ubuntu Connected Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Communist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="United Communist Party (Netherlands)">United Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">European Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Wageningen" title="Connect Wageningen">Connect Wageningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CU%E2%80%93SGP" title="CU–SGP">CU–SGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Alkmaar" title="Independent Party of Alkmaar">Independent Party of Alkmaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livable_Eindhoven" title="Livable Eindhoven">Livable Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livable_Rotterdam" title="Livable Rotterdam">Livable Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht:_Open_Eerlijk_Democratisch" title="Maastricht: Open Eerlijk Democratisch">Maastricht: Open Eerlijk Democratisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouder-Amstel_Anders" title="Ouder-Amstel Anders">Ouder-Amstel Anders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_%26_Starter" title="Student & Starter">Student & Starter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_en_Stad" title="Student en Stad">Student en Stad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studenten_Techniek_In_Politiek" title="Studenten Techniek In Politiek">Studenten Techniek In Politiek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Caribbean Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Democratic_Party" title="Bonaire Democratic Party">Bonaire Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Patriotic_Union" title="Bonaire Patriotic Union">Bonaire Patriotic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_People%27s_Movement" title="Bonaire People's Movement">Bonaire People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Sint_Eustatius)" title="Democratic Party (Sint Eustatius)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_21_(Bonaire)" title="Movement 21 (Bonaire)">Movement 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labour_Party_(Sint_Eustatius)" title="Progressive Labour Party (Sint Eustatius)">Progressive Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_Labour_Party" title="Saba Labour Party">Saba Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands_People%27s_Movement" title="Windward Islands People's Movement">Windward Islands People's Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_National_Party" title="Frisian National Party">Frisian National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groninger_Interest" title="Groninger Interest">Groninger Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Brabant" title="Local Brabant">Local Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_North" title="Party for the North">Party for the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Zeeland" title="Party for Zeeland">Party for Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Local_Drenthe" title="Strong Local Drenthe">Strong Local Drenthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water board parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Water_Board_Party" title="General Water Board Party">General Water Board Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Natuurlijk" title="Water Natuurlijk">Water Natuurlijk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Netherlands_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Netherlands_topics" title="Template:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Netherlands_topics" title="Template talk:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Netherlands_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in the Netherlands">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorestad" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Utrecht" title="Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_urban_centers_in_the_Low_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="History of urban centers in the Low Countries">Development urban centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Kingdom" title="Frisian Kingdom">Frisian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Francia" title="Middle Francia">Middle Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lower Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisian_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frisian Freedom">Frisian Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Netherlands" title="Burgundian Netherlands">Burgundian Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Netherlands" title="Habsburg Netherlands">Habsburg Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_the_Low_Countries" title="Renaissance in the Low Countries">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Provinces" title="Seventeen Provinces">Seventeen Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Revolution" title="Batavian Revolution">Batavian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Kingdom of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(Netherlands)" title="Incorporation (Netherlands)">Incorporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Principality_of_the_United_Netherlands" title="Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">Nazi invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Netherlands)" title="Liberation Day (Netherlands)">Dutch Liberation Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands" title="Geography of the Netherlands">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of birds of the Netherlands">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Netherlands_by_province" title="List of cities in the Netherlands by province">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Works" title="Delta Works">Delta Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of earthquakes in the Netherlands">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of extreme points of the Netherlands">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands" title="Flood control in the Netherlands">Flood control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen_gas_field" title="Groningen gas field">Gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of islands of the Netherlands">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of lakes of the Netherlands">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of mammals of the Netherlands">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of regions of the Netherlands">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of rivers of the Netherlands">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Meuse%E2%80%93Scheldt_delta" title="Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta">Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of volcanoes in the Netherlands">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee_Works" title="Zuiderzee Works">Zuiderzee Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Abortion in the Netherlands">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Netherlands" title="Climate change in the Netherlands">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Drug policy of the Netherlands">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_the_Netherlands" title="Euthanasia in the Netherlands">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" title="Healthcare in the Netherlands">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Netherlands" title="Homelessness in the Netherlands">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Netherlands">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to the Netherlands">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands">Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_firms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law firms of the Netherlands">Law Firms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Municipalities of the Netherlands">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces of the Netherlands">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Economy of the Netherlands">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Energy in the Netherlands">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder_model" title="Polder model">Polder model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Netherlands" title="Taxation in the Netherlands">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Tourism in the Netherlands">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Netherlands" title="Trade unions in the Netherlands">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Transport in the Netherlands">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cycling in the Netherlands">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public transport in the Netherlands">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rail transport in the Netherlands">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Road transport in the Netherlands">Road transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Culture of the Netherlands">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Architecture of the Netherlands">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_art" title="Dutch art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cannabis in the Netherlands">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_wine" title="Dutch wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_customs_and_etiquette" title="Dutch customs and etiquette">Customs and etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorations_and_medals_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorations and medals of the Netherlands">Decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Irreligion in the Netherlands">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Netherlands">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_knighthood_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of knighthood in the Netherlands">Orders of knighthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_the_Netherlands" title="Pornography in the Netherlands">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Netherlands" title="Prostitution in the Netherlands">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public holidays in the Netherlands">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sport in the Netherlands">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the Netherlands">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands" title="Coat of arms of the Netherlands">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" title="Flag of the Netherlands">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic_Lion" title="Dutch Republic Lion">Lion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_Low_Countries" title="Terminology of the Low Countries">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Netherlands" title="Outline of the Netherlands">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Netherlands" title="Category:Netherlands">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lower_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_lower_houses" title="Template talk:National lower houses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National lower houses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lower_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower houses</a> of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Argentine Chamber of Deputies">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Austria)" title="National Council (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_(Belgium)" title="Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples%27_Representatives" title="House of Peoples' Representatives">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Mexico)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nepal)" title="House of Representatives (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nigeria)" title="House of Representatives (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia#House_of_the_People" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislative_Assembly_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislative Assembly (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Sudan" title="National Assembly of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Assembly" title="People's National Assembly">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#House_of_Assembly" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_(Bahrain)" title="Council of Representatives (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Barbados" title="House of Assembly of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Belarus)" title="House of Representatives (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Belize)" title="House of Representatives (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bhutan)" title="National Assembly (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Burundi)" title="National Assembly (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cambodia)" title="National Assembly (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cameroon)" title="National Assembly (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Central_African_Republic)" title="National Assembly (Central African Republic)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile" title="Chamber of Deputies of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia" title="Chamber of Representatives of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Egypt)" title="House of Representatives (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Eswatini" title="House of Assembly of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Gabon" title="National Assembly of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada#House_of_Representatives" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Haiti)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Indonesia)" title="House of Representatives (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Ivory_Coast)" title="National Assembly (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Jordan)" title="House of Representatives (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4jilis" title="Mäjilis">Kazakhstan</a></li> 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