CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.waset.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '2']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <title>Search results for: quaternary ammonium compound</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: quaternary ammonium compound"> <meta name="keywords" content="quaternary ammonium compound"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="quaternary ammonium compound" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2025/2026/2027">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="quaternary ammonium compound"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1352</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: quaternary ammonium compound</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1292</span> Genotoxicity of 4-Nonylphenol (4NP) on Oreochromus spilurs Fish</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Alsharif">M. M. Alsharif </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 4-Nonylphenol Compound is widely used as an element of detergents, paints, insecticides and many others products. It is known that the existence of this compound may lead to the emission of estrogenic responses in mammals, birds and fish. It is described as pollutant since it causes disorder of endocrine glands. In previous studies, it was proven that this compound exists in water and in the materials precipitated in Red Sea coast in Jeddah near the drains of processed drainage water and near the drainage site of the residuals of paper factories. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic aberrations caused by 4-nonylphenol through exposing Talapia Fishes to aquatic solution of the compound with 0, 15, 30 microgram/liter for one month. Samples of gills and liver were collected for micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities and measuring DNA and RNA amount in the treated fish. The results pointed out that there is a significant increase in the numbers of micronuclei in the fish exposed to the former concentrations as compared to the control group. Exposing fishes to 4-nonylphenol resulted in an increased amount of both DNA and RNA, compared to the control group. There is a positive correlation between the amount of the compound (i.e. dosage dependent effect) and the inspiring for cytogenetic effect on Talapia fishes in Jeddah. Therefore, micronucleus test, DNA and RNA contents can be considered as an index of cumulative exposure, which appear to be a sensitive model to evaluate genotoxic effects of 4-Nonylphenol compound on fish. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxic" title="genotoxic">genotoxic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-nonylphenol" title=" 4-nonylphenol"> 4-nonylphenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronuclei" title=" micronuclei"> micronuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title=" DNA"> DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA" title=" RNA"> RNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6220/genotoxicity-of-4-nonylphenol-4np-on-oreochromus-spilurs-fish" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1291</span> Comparison of Bioactive Compound Content in Egg Yolk Oil Extracted from Eggs Obtained from Different Laying Hen Housing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandrs%20Kovalcuks">Aleksandrs Kovalcuks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Egg yolk oil is a natural source of bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, oil soluble vitamins, pigments and others. Bioactive compound content in egg yolk oil depends from its content in eggs, from which oil was extracted. Many studies show that bioactive compound content in egg is correlated to the content of these compounds in hen feed, but there is also an opinion that hen housing systems also have influence on egg chemical content. The aim of this study was to determine which factor, laying hen housing system or hen diet, has a primary influence on bioactive compound content in egg yolk oil. The egg yolk oil was extracted from eggs obtained from 4 different hen housing systems: cage, barn and two groups of free range. All hens were fed with commercially produced compound feed except one group of free range hens which get free diet – pastured hens. Extracted egg yolk oils were analyzed for fatty acids, oil soluble vitamins and β-carotene content. α-tocopherol, ergocalcipherol and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in egg yolk oil was higher from eggs obtained from all housing systems where hens were fed with commercial compound feed. β-carotene and retinol content in egg yolk oils from free range free diet eggs was significantly (p>0.05) higher that from other eggs because hens have access to green forage. Hen physical activity in free range housing systems decreases content of some bioactive compound in egg yolk oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20yolk%20oil" title="egg yolk oil">egg yolk oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamins" title=" vitamins"> vitamins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caged%20eggs" title=" caged eggs"> caged eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20range" title=" free range"> free range</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21132/comparison-of-bioactive-compound-content-in-egg-yolk-oil-extracted-from-eggs-obtained-from-different-laying-hen-housing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1290</span> Isolation and Identification of Biosurfactant Producing Microorganism for Bioaugmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karthick%20Gopalan">Karthick Gopalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvamohan%20Thankiah"> Selvamohan Thankiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biosurfactants are lipid compounds produced by microbes, which are amphipathic molecules consisting of hydrophophic and hydrophilic domains. In the present investigation, ten bacterial strains were isolated from petroleum oil contaminated sites near petrol bunk. Oil collapsing test, haemolytic activity were used as a criteria for primary isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria. In this study, all the bacterial strains gave positive results. Among the ten strains, two were observed as good biosurfactant producers, they utilize the diesel as a sole carbon source. Optimization of biosurfactant producing bacteria isolated from petroleum oil contaminated sites was carried out using different parameters such as, temperature (20ºC, 25ºC, 30ºC, 37ºC and 45ºC), pH (5,6,7,8 & 9) and nitrogen sources (ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and sodium nitrate). Biosurfactants produced by bacteria were extracted, dried and quantified. As a result of optimization of parameters the suitable values for the production of more amount of biosurfactant by the isolated bacterial species was observed as 30ºC (0.543 gm/lt) in the pH 7 (0.537 gm/lt) with ammonium nitrate (0.431 gm/lt) as sole carbon source. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation%20and%20identification" title="isolation and identification">isolation and identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactant" title=" biosurfactant"> biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganism" title=" microorganism"> microorganism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaugmentation" title=" bioaugmentation"> bioaugmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8222/isolation-and-identification-of-biosurfactant-producing-microorganism-for-bioaugmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1289</span> Isolation and Characterization of Anti-melanoma (Skin Cancer) Compounds from Corchorus olitorius .L</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peramachi%20Sathiyamoorthy">Peramachi Sathiyamoorthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacop%20Gopas"> Jacop Gopas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avi%20Golan%20Goldhirsh"> Avi Golan Goldhirsh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corchorus olitorius is a leafy vegetable and an industrial crop. The herb has antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. To assay the pharmaceutical properties, aqueous extracts of leaves and seeds from C. olitorius were tested against drug resistant melanoma cell line. The test showed LC50 of the extract was 0.08µg/ml. Aqueous seed extract exhibited higher melanoma inhibiting activity than leaf extract. Dialysis of seed extract showed that the active compound is less than 12 KDa. The compound with <3 KDa MW separated by microconcentration of seed extract showed 70.5 % inhibition of melanoma cell growth. Among the two fractions obtained by Gel filtration with G10 column, the first fraction at 1:2000 dilutions exhibited 100% inhibition of melanoma growth. The compound with Rf value 0.86 (MA4) isolated by TLC separation showed about 98% cytotoxicity against melanoma at 1: 1000 dilutions. Furthermore, HPLC separation of MA4 compound with Superdex 75 column resulted in 4 compounds. Out of 4, one compound showed melanoma inhibition. The active compound is identified by reagent methods as Strophanthidin. Further toxicological and clinical studies will lead to the development of a potential drug to treat drug resistant melanoma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corchorus%20olitorius" title="corchorus olitorius">corchorus olitorius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melanoma" title=" melanoma"> melanoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20development" title=" drug development"> drug development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strophanthidin" title=" strophanthidin"> strophanthidin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154432/isolation-and-characterization-of-anti-melanoma-skin-cancer-compounds-from-corchorus-olitorius-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1288</span> Multidisciplinary Approach to Mio-Plio-Quaternary Aquifer Study in the Zarzis Region (Southeastern Tunisia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Ben%20Brahim">Ghada Ben Brahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20El%20Rabia"> Aicha El Rabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hedi%20Inoubli"> Mohamed Hedi Inoubli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change has exacerbated disparities in the distribution of water resources in Tunisia, resulting in significant degradation in quantity and quality over the past five decades. The Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer, the primary water source in the Zarzis region, is subject to climatic, geographical, and geological challenges, as well as human stress. The region is experiencing uneven distribution and growing threats from groundwater salinity and saltwater intrusion. Addressing this challenge is critical for the arid region’s socioeconomic development, and effective water resource management is required to combat climate change and reduce water deficits. This study uses a multidisciplinary approach to determine the groundwater potential of this aquifer, involving geophysics and hydrogeology data analysis. We used advanced techniques such as 3D Euler deconvolution and power spectrum analysis to generate detailed anomaly maps and estimate the depths of density sources, identifying significant Bouguer anomalies trending E-W, NW-SE, and NE-SW. Various techniques, such as wavelength filtering, upward continuation, and horizontal and vertical derivatives, were used to improve the gravity data, resulting in consistent results for anomaly shapes and amplitudes. The Euler deconvolution method revealed two prominent surface faults, trending NE-SW and NW-SE, that have a significant impact on the distribution of sedimentary facies and water quality within the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer. Additionally, depth maxima greater than 1400 m to the North indicate the presence of a Cretaceous paleo-fault. Geoelectrical models and resistivity pseudo-sections were used to interpret the distribution of electrical facies in the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer, highlighting lateral variation and depositional environment type. AI optimises the analysis and interpretation of exploration data, which is important to long-term management and water security. Machine learning algorithms and deep learning models analyse large datasets to provide precise interpretations of subsurface conditions, such as aquifer salinisation. However, AI has limitations, such as the requirement for large datasets, the risk of overfitting, and integration issues with traditional geological methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mio-plio-quaternary%20aquifer" title="mio-plio-quaternary aquifer">mio-plio-quaternary aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southeastern%20Tunisia" title=" Southeastern Tunisia"> Southeastern Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geophysical%20methods" title=" geophysical methods"> geophysical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogeological%20analysis" title=" hydrogeological analysis"> hydrogeological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193214/multidisciplinary-approach-to-mio-plio-quaternary-aquifer-study-in-the-zarzis-region-southeastern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1287</span> Thermoluminescence Investigations of Tl2Ga2Se3S Layered Single Crystals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serdar%20Delice">Serdar Delice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Isik"> Mehmet Isik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizami%20Hasanli"> Nizami Hasanli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadir%20Goksen"> Kadir Goksen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researchers have donated great interest to ternary and quaternary semiconductor compounds especially with the improvement of the optoelectronic technology. The quaternary compound Tl2Ga2Se3S which was grown by Bridgman method carries the properties of ternary thallium chalcogenides group of semiconductors with layered structure. This compound can be formed from TlGaSe2 crystals replacing the one quarter of selenium atom by sulfur atom. Although Tl2Ga2Se3S crystals are not intentionally doped, some unintended defect types such as point defects, dislocations and stacking faults can occur during growth processes of crystals. These defects can cause undesirable problems in semiconductor materials especially produced for optoelectronic technology. Defects of various types in the semiconductor devices like LEDs and field effect transistor may act as a non-radiative or scattering center in electron transport. Also, quick recombination of holes with electrons without any energy transfer between charge carriers can occur due to the existence of defects. Therefore, the characterization of defects may help the researchers working in this field to produce high quality devices. Thermoluminescence (TL) is an effective experimental method to determine the kinetic parameters of trap centers due to defects in crystals. In this method, the sample is illuminated at low temperature by a light whose energy is bigger than the band gap of studied sample. Thus, charge carriers in the valence band are excited to delocalized band. Then, the charge carriers excited into conduction band are trapped. The trapped charge carriers are released by heating the sample gradually and these carriers then recombine with the opposite carriers at the recombination center. By this way, some luminescence is emitted from the samples. The emitted luminescence is converted to pulses by using an experimental setup controlled by computer program and TL spectrum is obtained. Defect characterization of Tl2Ga2Se3S single crystals has been performed by TL measurements at low temperatures between 10 and 300 K with various heating rate ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 K/s. The TL signal due to the luminescence from trap centers revealed one glow peak having maximum temperature of 36 K. Curve fitting and various heating rate methods were used for the analysis of the glow curve. The activation energy of 13 meV was found by the application of curve fitting method. This practical method established also that the trap center exhibits the characteristics of mixed (general) kinetic order. In addition, various heating rate analysis gave a compatible result (13 meV) with curve fitting as the temperature lag effect was taken into consideration. Since the studied crystals were not intentionally doped, these centers are thought to originate from stacking faults, which are quite possible in Tl2Ga2Se3S due to the weakness of the van der Waals forces between the layers. Distribution of traps was also investigated using an experimental method. A quasi-continuous distribution was attributed to the determined trap centers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chalcogenides" title="chalcogenides">chalcogenides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defects" title=" defects"> defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoluminescence" title=" thermoluminescence"> thermoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trap%20centers" title=" trap centers"> trap centers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36725/thermoluminescence-investigations-of-tl2ga2se3s-layered-single-crystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1286</span> The Effect of Compound Exercises Emphasizing Local and Global Stability on the Dynamic Balance in Elite Taekwondo Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elnaz%20Sabzehparvar">Elnaz Sabzehparvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Rabiei"> Pouya Rabiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houman%20Rezaei"> Houman Rezaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Few studies have been conducted about the effects of compound exercises emphasizing local stability and global stabilization subsystems on the performance of athletes. The present research aimed to study the effect of 6 weeks of compound exercises emphasizing local and global stability on the dynamic balance of elite male Taekwondo athletes. Twenty-seven elite male Taekwondo athletes (with a mean age, mass, and height of 24.4 ± 4.9 years, 75.7 ± 15.1kg, and 181.4 ± 7.8 cm, respectively) were assigned to two groups of control (n=12) and exercise (n=15). 6 weeks of compound exercises in 2 local and global phases. The first phase included activation exercises which were done separately and locally for 3 weeks. Then, integrative exercises specific to the global stabilization subsystems (longitudinal-depth, posterior oblique and anterior, and lateral) was carried out for next 3 weeks. The dynamic balance of subjects was measured in the pre-test and post-test using the Y Balance Test (YBT). After 6 weeks of compound exercises, scores of the YBT in the exercise group showed a significant improvement in all three anterior (p=0.035), posterolateral (p=0.017) and medial (p=0.001) directions in the post-test compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05 for all comparisons). The findings of the present study suggested that compound exercises focusing on muscle as separate units and then as interdependent chains (muscular subsystems) can significantly increase YBT on elite male Taekwondo athletes in all three directions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20exercises" title=" compound exercises"> compound exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20and%20global%20stability" title=" local and global stability"> local and global stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscular%20subsystems" title=" muscular subsystems"> muscular subsystems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76525/the-effect-of-compound-exercises-emphasizing-local-and-global-stability-on-the-dynamic-balance-in-elite-taekwondo-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1285</span> Mapping the Intrinsic Vulnerability of the Quaternary Aquifer of the Eastern Mitidja (Northern Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abida%20Haddouche">Abida Haddouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Chrif%20Toubal"> Ahmed Chrif Toubal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Neogene basin of the Eastern Mitidja, object of the study area, represents potential water resources and especially groundwater reserves. This water is an important economic; this resource is highly sensitive which need protection and preservation. Unfortunately, these waters are exposed to various forms of pollution, whether from urban, agricultural, industrial or merely accidental. This pollution is a permanent risk of limiting resource. In this context, the work aims to evaluate the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer to protect and preserve the quality of this resource. It will focus on the disposal of water and land managers a cartographic document accessible to locate the areas where the water has a high vulnerability. Vulnerability mapping of the Easter Mitidja quaternary aquifer is performed by applying three methods (DRASTIC, DRIST, and GOD). Comparison and validation results show that the DRASTIC method is the most suitable method for aquifer vulnerability of the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aquifer%20of%20Mitidja" title="Aquifer of Mitidja">Aquifer of Mitidja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DRASTIC%20method" title=" DRASTIC method"> DRASTIC method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system%20%28GIS%29" title=" geographic information system (GIS)"> geographic information system (GIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability%20mapping" title=" vulnerability mapping"> vulnerability mapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65638/mapping-the-intrinsic-vulnerability-of-the-quaternary-aquifer-of-the-eastern-mitidja-northern-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1284</span> Removal of Iron (II) from Wastewater in Oil Field Using 3-(P-Methyl) Phenyl-5-Thionyl-1,2,4-Triazoline Assembled on Silver Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20S.%20Azzam">E. M. S. Azzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Ahmed"> S. A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20H.%20Mohamed"> H. H. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Adly"> M. A. Adly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20M.%20Gad"> E. A. M. Gad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work we prepared 3-(p-methyl) phenyl-5-thionyl-1,2,4-triazoline (C1). The nanostructure of the prepared C1 compound was fabricated by assembling on silver nanoparticles. The UV and TEM analyses confirm the assembling of C1 compound on silver nanoparticles. The effect of C1 compound on the removal of Iron (II) from Iron contaminated samples and industrial wastewater samples (produced water from oil processing facility) were studied before and after their assembling on silver nanoparticles. The removal of Iron was studied at different concentrations of FeSO4 solution (5, 14 and 39 mg/l) and field sample concentration (661 mg/l). In addition, the removal of Iron (II) was investigated at different times. The Prepared compound and its nanostructure with AgNPs show highly efficient in removing the Iron ions. Quantum chemical descriptors using DFT was discussed. The output of the study pronounces that the C1 molecule can act as chelating agent for Iron (II). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triazole%20derivatives" title="triazole derivatives">triazole derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20%28II%29" title=" iron (II)"> iron (II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20field" title=" oil field"> oil field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93747/removal-of-iron-ii-from-wastewater-in-oil-field-using-3-p-methyl-phenyl-5-thionyl-124-triazoline-assembled-on-silver-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">663</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1283</span> Isolation and Synthesis of 1’-S-1’-Acetoxycavicol Acetate as Potent Antidandruff Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vijaya%20Bhaskar%20Reddy">M. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The air-dried and powdered methanol solvent extraction of the rhizomes of Alpinia galangal is subjected to bio-assay guided fractionation and isolation yielded a known compound namely, 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (1). The isolated known compound has been identified based on the physical, spectral data (IR, ¹H, ¹³C, NMR and mass spectroscopy) and comparison with an authentic sample. Finally isolated 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (1) was confirmed by synthesis. The crude methanol extract and identified known compound (1) were tested for antidandruff property against Malassezia furfur showed with MIC 1000 µg/mL and 7.81 µg/mL, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alpinia%20galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">Alpinia galanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%27-S-1%27-Acetoxychavicol%20acetate" title=" 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate"> 1'-S-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antidandruff%20activity" title=" antidandruff activity"> antidandruff activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malassezia%20furfur" title=" Malassezia furfur"> Malassezia furfur</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138484/isolation-and-synthesis-of-1-s-1-acetoxycavicol-acetate-as-potent-antidandruff-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1282</span> Modeling the Compound Interest Dynamics Using Fractional Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muath%20Awadalla">Muath Awadalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maen%20Awadallah"> Maen Awadallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banking sector covers different activities including lending money to customers. However, it is commonly known that customers pay money they have borrowed including an added amount called interest. Compound interest rate is an approach used in determining the interest to be paid. The instant compounded amount to be paid by a debtor is obtained through a differential equation whose main parameters are the rate and the time. The rate used by banks in a country is often defined by the government of the said country. In Switzerland, for instance, a negative rate was once applied. In this work, a new approach of modeling the compound interest is proposed using Hadamard fractional derivative. As a result, it appears that depending on the fraction value used in derivative the amount to be paid by a debtor might either be higher or lesser than the amount determined using the classical approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20interest" title="compound interest">compound interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20differential%20equation" title=" fractional differential equation"> fractional differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hadamard%20fractional%20derivative" title=" hadamard fractional derivative"> hadamard fractional derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110859/modeling-the-compound-interest-dynamics-using-fractional-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1281</span> Electronic and Optical Properties of YNi4Si-Type DyNi4Si Compound: A Full Potential Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar%20Maurya">Dinesh Kumar Maurya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapan%20Mohan%20Saini"> Sapan Mohan Saini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A theoretical formalism to calculate the structural, electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic crystals from first principle calculations is described. This is applied first time to new YNi4Si-type DyNi4Si compound. Calculations are performed using full-potential augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The Coulomb corrected local-spin density approximation (LSDA+U) in the self-interaction correction (SIC) has been used for exchange-correlation potential. Our optimized results of lattice parameters show good agreement to the previously reported experimental study. Analysis of the calculated band structure of DyNi4Si compound demonstrates their metallic character. We found Ni-3d states mainly contribute to density of states from -5.0 eV to the Fermi level while the Dy-f states peak stands tall in comparison to the small contributions made by the Ni-d and R-d states above Fermi level, which is consistent with experiment, in DNi4Si compound. Our calculated optical conductivity compares well with the experimental data and the results are analyzed in the light of band-to-band transitions. We also report the frequency-dependent refractive index n(ω) and the extinction coefficient k(ω) of the compound. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20structure" title="band structure">band structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20of%20states" title=" density of states"> density of states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSDA%2BU%20approximation" title=" LSDA+U approximation"> LSDA+U approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YNi4Si-%20type%20DyNi4Si%20compound" title=" YNi4Si- type DyNi4Si compound"> YNi4Si- type DyNi4Si compound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46155/electronic-and-optical-properties-of-yni4si-type-dyni4si-compound-a-full-potential-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1280</span> Synthesis of New Analogs of IPS-339, and Study of Their Cardiovascular in Dogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Zarenezhad">Elham Zarenezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Zarenezhad"> Ali Zarenezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Mardkhoshnood"> Mehdi Mardkhoshnood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We described the synthesis and biological study of O-oxime ethers having a-amino acid residues as new analogs of IPS-339. In this synthesis, the reaction of fluorene O-oxime with epichlorohydrin or epibromohydrin afforded the corresponding O-oxime ether adducts. The N-alkylation of valine amino acid with O-oxime ether adducts led to the synthesis of new analogs of IPS-339. The cardiovascular properties of the compound have been studied. In this regard, six clinically healthy same sex mongrel dogs were examined. The dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups of two members. 1 groups received 2 mg kg-1 body weight of compound (2-(3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-2- hydroxypropylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid) intravenously, whereas group 2 and 3 received only DMSO–water (distil.) and propranolol (Inderal) (2 mg kg-1), respectively. The electrocardiograph (ECG) was recorded with lead II. The recording was run successively by 5 min time interval on each dog before, simultaneously, and after compound infusion. Data after administration were taken from normal sinus beats that were closely related to the arrhythmias whenever they occurred. In general, no detectable arrhythmia was observed in all ECG records regardless of increasing the heart rate that likely caused by stress origin from invasive procedure just after infusion. Compound diminished the heart rate during study especially at 20th minute compared to propranolol as a reference drug. Compound (2-(3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-2- hydroxypropylamino)-3-methylbutanoic acid) was the most effective compound with remarkable ability in declining of the heart rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiograph%20%28ECG%29" title="electrocardiograph (ECG)">electrocardiograph (ECG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular" title=" cardiovascular"> cardiovascular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPS-339" title=" IPS-339"> IPS-339</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dogs" title=" dogs "> dogs </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38268/synthesis-of-new-analogs-of-ips-339-and-study-of-their-cardiovascular-in-dogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1279</span> Study of Some Aromatic Thiourea Derivatives as Lube Oil Antioxidant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20S.%20Kamal">Rasha S. Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehal%20S.%20Ahmed"> Nehal S. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20M.%20Nassar"> Amal M. Nassar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20E.%20A.%20Abd%20El-Sattar"> Nour E. A. Abd El-Sattar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, some lube oil antioxidants based on ester of some aromatic thiourea derivative were prepared by two steps: the first step is the reaction of succinyl chloride with ammonium thiocyanate in addition to anthranilic acid as three component system to prepare thiourea derivative (A); the second step is esterification of compound (A) by different alcohol (decyl C₁₀, tetradecyl C₁₄, and octadecyl C₁₈) alcohol. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and determination of the molecular weights. All the prepared compounds were soluble in lube oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds as antioxidants lube oil additives was investigated and it was found that these prepared compounds give good result as lube oil antioxidant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20lube%20oil" title="antioxidant lube oil">antioxidant lube oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20component%20system" title=" three component system"> three component system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatic%20thiourea%20derivatives" title=" aromatic thiourea derivatives"> aromatic thiourea derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79922/study-of-some-aromatic-thiourea-derivatives-as-lube-oil-antioxidant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1278</span> Control of IL-23 Release in Dendritic Cells Protects Mice from Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingxin%20Wu">Xingxin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fenli%20Shao"> Fenli Shao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Tan"> Tao Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Tan"> Yang Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Sun"> Yang Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Xu"> Qiang Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects about 2% of the world's population. IL-23 signaling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Control of IL-23 release by small molecule compounds during developing psoriasis has not been well established. Here, we show that compound 1, a small molecule nature product, protected mice from imiquimod-induced psoriasis with improved skin lesions, reduced skin thickness, and reduced IL-23 mRNA expression in the skin tissue. FACS results showed compound 1 reduced the number of dendritic cells in the skin. Interestingly, compound 1 was not able to ameliorate IL-23-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. Further, compound 1 inhibited MyD88-dependent IL-23 mRNA expression induced by LPS, CpG and imiquimod in BMDC cells, but not MyD88-independent CD80 and CD86 expression induced by LPS. The methods included real-time PCR, western blot, H & E staining, FACS and ELISA et al. In conclusion, compound 1 regulates MyD88-dependent signaling to control IL-23 release in dendritic cells, which improves imiquimod-induced psoriasis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendritic%20cells" title="dendritic cells">dendritic cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-23" title=" IL-23"> IL-23</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll-like%20receptor%20signaling" title=" toll-like receptor signaling"> toll-like receptor signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psoriasis" title=" psoriasis"> psoriasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29061/control-of-il-23-release-in-dendritic-cells-protects-mice-from-imiquimod-induced-psoriasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">649</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1277</span> Performance of Partially Covered N Number of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) - Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) Series Connected Water Heating System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Tripathi">Rohit Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumit%20Tiwari"> Sumit Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Tiwari"> G. N. Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In present study, an approach is adopted where photovoltaic thermal flat plate collector is integrated with compound parabolic concentrator. Analytical expression of temperature dependent electrical efficiency of N number of partially covered Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) - Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) water collector connected in series has been derived with the help of basic thermal energy balance equations. Analysis has been carried for winter weather condition at Delhi location, India. Energy and exergy performance of N - partially covered Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) - Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) Water collector system has been compared for two cases: (i) 25% area of water collector covered by PV module, (ii) 75% area of water collector covered by PV module. It is observed that case (i) has been best suited for thermal performance and case (ii) for electrical energy as well as overall exergy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20parabolic%20concentrator" title="compound parabolic concentrator">compound parabolic concentrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20thermal" title=" photovoltaic thermal"> photovoltaic thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20dependent%20electrical%20efficiency" title=" temperature dependent electrical efficiency"> temperature dependent electrical efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36867/performance-of-partially-covered-n-number-of-photovoltaic-thermal-pvt-compound-parabolic-concentrator-cpc-series-connected-water-heating-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1276</span> The Effect of Reaction Time on the Morphology and Phase of Quaternary Ferrite Nanoparticles (FeCoCrO₄) Synthesised from a Single Source Precursor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadijat%20Olabisi%20Abdulwahab">Khadijat Olabisi Abdulwahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Azad%20Malik"> Mohammad Azad Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20O%27Brien"> Paul O'Brien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grigore%20Timco"> Grigore Timco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Floriana%20Tuna"> Floriana Tuna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synthesis of spinel ferrite nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution is very crucial in their numerous applications including information storage, hyperthermia treatment, drug delivery, contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, catalysis, sensors, and environmental remediation. Ferrites have the general formula MFe₂O₄ (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn e.t.c) and possess remarkable electrical and magnetic properties which depend on the cations, method of preparation, size and their site occupancies. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the use of a single source precursor to synthesise quaternary ferrite nanoparticles. Here in, we demonstrated the use of trimetallic iron pivalate cluster [CrCoFeO(O₂CᵗBu)₆(HO₂CᵗBu)₃] as a single source precursor to synthesise monodisperse cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO₄) nanoparticles by the hot injection thermolysis method. The precursor was thermolysed in oleylamine, oleic acid, with diphenyl ether as solvent at 260 °C. The effect of reaction time on the stoichiometry, phases or morphology of the nanoparticles was studied. The p-XRD patterns of the nanoparticles obtained after one hour was pure phase of cubic iron cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO₄). TEM showed that a more monodispersed spherical ferrite nanoparticles were obtained after one hour. Magnetic measurements revealed that the ferrite particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature. The nanoparticles were characterised by Powder X-ray Diffraction (p-XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Super Conducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%20chromium%20ferrite" title="cobalt chromium ferrite">cobalt chromium ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal" title=" colloidal"> colloidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20injection%20thermolysis" title=" hot injection thermolysis"> hot injection thermolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monodisperse" title=" monodisperse"> monodisperse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20source%20precursor" title=" single source precursor"> single source precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ferrite%20nanoparticles" title=" quaternary ferrite nanoparticles"> quaternary ferrite nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70779/the-effect-of-reaction-time-on-the-morphology-and-phase-of-quaternary-ferrite-nanoparticles-fecocro4-synthesised-from-a-single-source-precursor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1275</span> Electrical Characteristics of SiON/GaAs MOS Capacitor with Various Passivations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Kwei%20Lee">Ming-Kwei Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Feng%20Yen"> Chih-Feng Yen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrical characteristics of liquid phase deposited silicon oxynitride film on ammonium sulfide treated p-type (100) gallium arsenide substrate were investigated. Hydrofluosilicic acid, ammonia and boric acid aqueous solutions were used as precursors. The electrical characteristics of silicon oxynitride film are much improved on gallium arsenide substrate with ammonium sulfide treatment. With post-metallization annealing, hydrogen ions can further passivate defects in SiON/GaAs film and interface. The leakage currents can reach 7.1 × 10-8 and 1.8 × 10-7 at ± 2 V. The dielectric constant and effective oxide charges are 5.6 and -5.3 × 1010 C/cm2, respectively. The hysteresis offset of hysteresis loop is merely 0.09 V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20phase%20deposition" title="liquid phase deposition">liquid phase deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiON" title=" SiON"> SiON</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaAs" title=" GaAs"> GaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMA" title=" PMA"> PMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28NH4%292S" title=" (NH4)2S "> (NH4)2S </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19612/electrical-characteristics-of-siongaas-mos-capacitor-with-various-passivations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1274</span> The Magnetic Susceptibility of the Late Quaternary Loess in North-East of Iran and Its Correlation with Other Palaeoclimatical Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20M.%20Haskouei">Fereshteh M. Haskouei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Alimohammadian"> Habib Alimohammadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic susceptibility (<em>χ</em>) is operational to identify of late quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles in loess-paleosol sequences. It is well accepted that many loess-paleosol sequences bear witness to cold-dry/warm-humid periods, well known as glacial-interglacial cycles, respectively. For this study, loess-paleosol sequence of north-east of Iran was magnetically investigated. The study area is situated at about 8 km away of Neka city, on the main road of Sari-Behshahr, in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. The youngest deposits of study area are the late Quaternary wind-blown accumulations. In this study, the total number of 117 samples was collected from loess-paleosols units. After that, the natural remnant magnetization (NRM) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the samples were measured. Variation of MS of more than 110 loess samples was plotted to reveal the correlation of the MS and paleoclimatic changes. This study aims reconstruction of climatic changes (glacial-interglacial and stadials-interstadials cycles). To confirm our results we compared MS (χ) and the curves of other investigations in paleoclimatology. This correspondence abled us to recognize worldly events in the study area such as: Younger Dryas, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), deglaciation of Northern Hemisphere etc. The obtained magnetic data indicate that during almost 50 ka, at least two glacial-interglacial periods occurred in north-east of Iran. Further, variation of χ values revealed short period of climatically cycles known as stadials-interstadials. We recognized 4 stadials and a single stadial as colder sub-periods for S<sub>0</sub> (recently soil-paleosol) and S<sub>2</sub> (lower paleosol), respectively, Moreover, we recognized 6 warmer sub-periods (interstadials) for L<sub>1</sub> (upper loess) and one interstadial L<sub>2</sub> (lower loess). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glacial-interglacial%20cycles" title="glacial-interglacial cycles">glacial-interglacial cycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=last%20glacial%20maximum%20%28LGM%29" title=" last glacial maximum (LGM)"> last glacial maximum (LGM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loess" title=" loess"> loess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20susceptibility%20%28%CF%87%29" title=" magnetic susceptibility (χ)"> magnetic susceptibility (χ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neka" title=" Neka"> Neka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stadials-interstadials%20sub-periods" title=" stadials-interstadials sub-periods"> stadials-interstadials sub-periods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=younger%20dryas" title=" younger dryas"> younger dryas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108548/the-magnetic-susceptibility-of-the-late-quaternary-loess-in-north-east-of-iran-and-its-correlation-with-other-palaeoclimatical-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1273</span> Monodisperse Quaternary Cobalt Chromium Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesised from a Single Source Precursor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadijat%20O.%20Abdulwahab">Khadijat O. Abdulwahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20A.%20Malik"> Mohammad A. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20O%E2%80%99Brien"> Paul O’Brien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grigore%20A.%20Timco"> Grigore A. Timco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Floriana%20Tuna"> Floriana Tuna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synthesis of spinel ferrite nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution is very crucial in their numerous applications including information storage, hyperthermia treatment, drug delivery, contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, catalysis, sensors, and environmental remediation. Ferrites have the general formula MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn etc.) and possess remarkable electrical and magnetic properties which depend on the cations, method of preparation, size and their site occupancies. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the use of a single source precursor to synthesise quaternary ferrite nanoparticles. Herein, we demonstrated the use of trimetallic iron pivalate cluster [CrCoFeO(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3] as a single source precursor to synthesise monodisperse cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO4) nanoparticles by the hot injection thermolysis method. The precursor was thermolysed in oleylamine, oleic acid, with diphenyl ether as solvent at its boiling point (260°C). The effect of concentration on the stoichiometry, phases or morphology of the nanoparticles was studied. The p-XRD patterns of the nanoparticles obtained at both concentrations were matched with cubic iron cobalt chromium ferrite (FeCoCrO4). TEM showed that a more monodispersed spherical ferrite nanoparticles of average diameter 4.0 ± 0.4 nm were obtained at higher precursor concentration. Magnetic measurements revealed that all the ferrite particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature. The nanoparticles were characterised by Powder X-ray Diffraction (p-XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Super Conducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ferrite%20nanoparticles" title="quaternary ferrite nanoparticles">quaternary ferrite nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20source%20precursor" title=" single source precursor"> single source precursor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monodisperse" title=" monodisperse"> monodisperse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%20chromium%20ferrite" title=" cobalt chromium ferrite"> cobalt chromium ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal" title=" colloidal"> colloidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20injection%20thermolysis" title=" hot injection thermolysis"> hot injection thermolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15324/monodisperse-quaternary-cobalt-chromium-ferrite-nanoparticles-synthesised-from-a-single-source-precursor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1272</span> Catalytic Synthesis and Characterization of N-(4-(Tert-Butyl) Benzyl)-1-(4-Tert-Butyl) Phenyl)-N-Methyl Methanaminium Chloride from Tert-Butyl Benzyl Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20A.%20Muhammad">Muhammad A. Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Butenafine (N-4-tert-butyl benzyl-N-methyl-1-naphthylene methylamine hydrochloride) is a benzylamine antimycotic (antifungal) agent that has a broad spectrum of action. The quest for improved antimycotic action brought about many research on the structure-activity properties of butenafine in relation to other antifungal agents. Of all those research, only little or no effort was recorded on the substituents attached to the aromatic systems in butenafine. In this research, N-(4-(tert-butyl) benzyl)-1-(4-tert-butyl) phenyl)-N-methyl methanaminium chloride, which is a butenafine analogue was synthesised from tert-butyl benzyl derivatives, by reductive amination using various solvents through a direct approach, where 1,2-dichloroethane gave the best solvent action at 40 °C (Yield: 75%) and of all the reducing agents used, sodium borohydride was found to give the best reducing action in the presence of silica chloride at room temperature (Yield: 50%). Characterization of the compound by 1H NMR showed a singlet peak of 18 hydrogen atoms with a chemical shift at 1.3-1.5 ppm for the presence of 6 methyl groups in the two tert-butyl substituents, the 13C NMR also indicated the presence of the two tert-butyl substituents by the peak with a chemical shift at 31-32 ppm for the six methyl carbon atoms, the IR indicated the presence of a tertiary ammonium ion by a strong band at 2460 cm-1 and finally the EIS-MS confirmed the molar mass of the compound by a mass to charge ratio of 324.2693. These results suggested that the target molecule was actually synthesised and therefore, 1,2-dichloroethane is a good solvent for this synthesis, and the most suitable reducing agent is sodium borohydride. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20agents" title="antimicrobial agents">antimicrobial agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimycotic%20agents" title=" antimycotic agents"> antimycotic agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butenafine" title=" butenafine"> butenafine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemotherapeutic%20agents" title=" chemotherapeutic agents"> chemotherapeutic agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semisynthetic%20agents" title=" semisynthetic agents"> semisynthetic agents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51364/catalytic-synthesis-and-characterization-of-n-4-tert-butyl-benzyl-1-4-tert-butyl-phenyl-n-methyl-methanaminium-chloride-from-tert-butyl-benzyl-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1271</span> English Pashto Contact: Morphological Adaptation of Bilingual Compound Words in Pashto</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Ullah%20Imran">Imran Ullah Imran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Language contact is a familiar concept in the present global world. Across the globe, languages get mixed up at different levels. Borrowing, code-switching are some of the means through which languages interact. This study examines Pashto-English contact at word and syllable levels. By recording the speech of 30 Pashto native speakers, selected via 'social network' sampling, the study located a number of Pashto-English compound words, which is a unique contact of its kind. In data analysis, tokens were categorized on the basis of their pattern and morphological structure. The study shows that Pashto-English Bilingual Compound words (BCWs) are very prevalent in the Pashto language. The study also found that the BCWs in Pashto are completely productive and have their own meanings. It also shows that the dominant pattern of hybrid words in Pashto is the conjugation of an independent English root word followed by a Pashto inflectional morpheme, which contributes to the core semantic content of the construction. The BCWs construction shows that how both the languages are closer to each other. Pashto-English contact results into bilingual compound and hybrid words, which forms a considerable number of tokens in the present-day spoken Pashto. On the basis of these findings, the study assumes that the same phenomenon may increase with the passage of time that would, in turn, result in the formation of more bilingual compound or hybrid words. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-mixing" title="code-mixing">code-mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual%20compound%20words" title=" bilingual compound words"> bilingual compound words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pashto-english%20contact" title=" pashto-english contact"> pashto-english contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20words" title=" hybrid words"> hybrid words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflectional%20lexical%20morpheme" title=" inflectional lexical morpheme"> inflectional lexical morpheme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135977/english-pashto-contact-morphological-adaptation-of-bilingual-compound-words-in-pashto" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1270</span> Isolation of Cytotoxic Compound from Tectona grandis Stem to Be Used as Thai Medicinal Preparation for Cancer Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onmanee%20Prajuabjinda">Onmanee Prajuabjinda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakakrong%20Thondeeying"> Pakakrong Thondeeying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jipisute%20Chunthorng-Orn"> Jipisute Chunthorng-Orn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhanuz%20Dechayont"> Bhanuz Dechayont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arunporn%20Itharat"> Arunporn Itharat </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Thai medicinal preparation has been used for cancer treatment more than ten years ago in Khampramong Temple. Tectona grandis stem is one ingredient of this Thai medicinal remedy. The ethanolic extract of Tectona grandis stem showed the highest cytotoxic activities against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), but was less cytotoxic against large cell lung carcinoma (COR-L23) (IC50 = 3.92 and 7.78 µg/ml, respectively). It was isolated by bioassay-guided isolation method. Tectoquinone, a anthraquinone compound was isolated from this plant. This compound showed high specific cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), but was less cytotoxic against large cell lung carcinoma (COR-L23)(IC50 =16.15 and 47.56 µg/ml or 72.67 and 214.00 µM, respectively). However, it showed less cytotoxic activity than the crude extract. In conclusion, tectoquinone as a main compound, is not the best cytotoxic compound from Tectona grandis, so there are more active cytotoxic compounds in this extract which should be isolated in the future. Moreover, tectoquinone displayed specific cytotoxicity against only human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) which is a good criterion for cancer treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tectona%20grandis" title="Tectona grandis">Tectona grandis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRB%20assay" title=" SRB assay"> SRB assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectoquinone" title=" tectoquinone"> tectoquinone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25415/isolation-of-cytotoxic-compound-from-tectona-grandis-stem-to-be-used-as-thai-medicinal-preparation-for-cancer-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1269</span> Preparation and Characterization of α–Alumina with Low Sodium Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyung%20Soo%20Jeon">Gyung Soo Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Bae%20Kim"> Hong Bae Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Jung%20Oh"> Chi Jung Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to prepare the α-alumina with low content of sodium oxide from aluminum trihydroxide as a reactant, three kinds of methods were employed as follows; the mixture of Chamotte (aggregate composed of silica and alumina), ammonium chloride and aluminum fluoride with aluminum trihydroxide under 1600°C, respectively. The sodium oxide in α-alumina produced above methods was analyzed by XRF and the particle size distribution was determined by particle size analyzer, and the specific surface area of α-alumina was measured by BET method, and phase of α-alumina produced was confirmed by XRD. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by Development Program of Technical Innovation funded by Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for SMEs (KTIP-2016-S2401821). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-alumina" title="α-alumina">α-alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20oxide" title=" sodium oxide"> sodium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20trihydroxide" title=" aluminum trihydroxide"> aluminum trihydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamotte" title=" Chamotte"> Chamotte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium%20chloride" title=" ammonium chloride"> ammonium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20fluoride" title=" aluminum fluoride"> aluminum fluoride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66138/preparation-and-characterization-of-a-alumina-with-low-sodium-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1268</span> Computational Determination of the Magneto Electronic Properties of Ce₁₋ₓCuₓO₂ (x=12.5%): Emerging Material for Spintronic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Bouhlala">Aicha Bouhlala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabah%20Chettibi"> Sabah Chettibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doping CeO₂ with transition metals is an effective way of tuning its properties. In the present work, we have performed self-consistent ab-initio calculation using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW), based on the density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the Wien2k simulation code to study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the compound Ce₁₋ₓCuₓO₂ (x=12.5%) fluorite type oxide and to explore the effects of dopant Cu in ceria. The exchange correlation potential has been treated using the Perdew-Burke-Eenzerhof revised of solid (PBEsol). In structural properties, the equilibrium lattice constant is observed for the compound, which exists within the value of 5.382 A°. In electronic properties, the spin-polarized electronic bandstructure elucidates the semiconductor nature of the material in both spin channels, with the compound was observed to have a narrow bandgap on the spin-down configuration (0.162 EV) and bandgap on the spin-up (2.067 EV). Hence, the doped atom Cu plays a vital role in increasing the magnetic moments of the supercell, and the value of the total magnetic moment is found to be 2.99438 μB. Therefore, the compound Cu-doped CeO₂ shows a strong ferromagnetic behavior. The predicted results propose the compound could be a good candidate for spintronics applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-doped%20CeO%E2%82%82" title="Cu-doped CeO₂">Cu-doped CeO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wien2k" title=" Wien2k"> Wien2k</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138828/computational-determination-of-the-magneto-electronic-properties-of-ce1cuo2-x125-emerging-material-for-spintronic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1267</span> Reentrant Spin-Glass State Formation in Polycrystalline Er₂NiSi₃</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santanu%20Pakhira">Santanu Pakhira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandan%20Mazumdar"> Chandan Mazumdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ranganathan"> R. Ranganathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20Avdeev"> Maxim Avdeev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetically frustrated systems are of great interest and one of the most adorable topics for the researcher of condensed matter physics, due to their various interesting properties, viz. ground state degeneracy, finite entropy at zero temperature, lowering of ordering temperature, etc. Ternary intermetallics with the composition RE₂TX₃ (RE = rare-earth element, T= d electron transition metal and X= p electron element) crystallize in hexagonal AlB₂ type crystal structure (space group P6/mmm). In a hexagonal crystal structure with the antiferromagnetic interaction between the moments, the center moment is geometrically frustrated. Magnetic frustration along with disorder arrangements of non-magnetic ions are the building blocks for metastable spin-glass ground state formation for most of the compounds of this stoichiometry. The newly synthesized compound Er₂NiSi₃ compound forms in single phase in AlB₂ type structure with space group P6/mmm. The compound orders antiferromagnetically below 5.4 K and spin freezing of the frustrated magnetic moments occurs below 3 K for the compound. The compound shows magnetic relaxation behavior and magnetic memory effect below its freezing temperature. Neutron diffraction patterns for temperatures below the spin freezing temperature have been analyzed using FULLPROF software package. Diffuse magnetic scattering at low temperatures yields spin glass state formation for the compound. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiferromagnetism" title="antiferromagnetism">antiferromagnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20frustration" title=" magnetic frustration"> magnetic frustration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-glass" title=" spin-glass"> spin-glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20diffraction" title=" neutron diffraction"> neutron diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73507/reentrant-spin-glass-state-formation-in-polycrystalline-er2nisi3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1266</span> Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect of Two Diterpenes from Plectranthus barbatus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawal%20Al%20Musayeib">Nawal Al Musayeib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musarat%20Amina"> Musarat Amina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perwez%20Alam"> Perwez Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae) is the most common species of genus Plectranthus. It is used for treating various ailments. In this study, two rare diterpenes 11,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one (1) and 12-hydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11),12-trien-7-one (2) were isolated for the first time from P. barbatus. Their chemical structures were verified utilizing various spectroscopic experiments. The effect of diterpenes against undifferentiated/anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line (FRO) was evaluated and they were quantitatively analysed using HPTLC method. The two diterpenes were found to be cytotoxic, however compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic effects where 95% reduction in the cell viability was observed in different time intervals. The quantity of compound 1 and compound 2 in PBCE were found to be 2.04 and15.97 μg/mg, respectively of dried weight of the extract. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abietatrien" title="abietatrien">abietatrien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diterpenes" title=" diterpenes"> diterpenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plectranthus%20barbatus" title=" Plectranthus barbatus"> Plectranthus barbatus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71874/evaluation-of-cytotoxic-effect-of-two-diterpenes-from-plectranthus-barbatus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1265</span> The Cellular Internalization Mechanisms of Cationic Niosomes/DNA Complex in HeLa Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orapan%20Paecharoenchai">Orapan Paecharoenchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanasait%20Ngawhirunpat"> Tanasait Ngawhirunpat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theerasak%20Rojanarata"> Theerasak Rojanarata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Auayporn%20Apirakaramwong"> Auayporn Apirakaramwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praneet%20Opanasopit"> Praneet Opanasopit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cationic niosomes formulated with Span20, cholesterol and novel synthesized spermine-cationic lipids (2-hydrocarbon tail and 4- hydrocarbon tail) in a molar ratio of 2.5:2.5:1 can mediate high gene transfection in vitro. However, the uptake mechanisms of these systems are not well clarified. In the present study, effect of endocytic inhibitors on the transfection efficiency of niosomes/DNA complexes was determined on a human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa cells) using the inhibitors of macropinocytosis (wortmannin), clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis (methyl-β-cyclodextrin), clathrin-mediated endocytosis (chlorpromazine), caveolae-mediated endocytosis (genistein and filipin), cytosolic transfer (ammonium chloride) and microtubules polymerization (nocodazole). The transfection of niosomes with 2-hydrocarbon tail lipid was blocked by nocodazole, genistein, ammonium chloride and filipin, respectively, whereas, the transfection of niosomes with 4-hydrocarbon tail lipid was blocked by nocodazole, genistein, ammonium chloride, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and filipin, respectively. It can be concluded that these niosomes/DNA complexes were internalized predominantly by endocytosis via clathrin and caveolae-independent pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20internalization" title="cellular internalization">cellular internalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cationic%20niosomes" title=" cationic niosomes"> cationic niosomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20carriers" title=" gene carriers"> gene carriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spermine-cationic%20lipids" title=" spermine-cationic lipids"> spermine-cationic lipids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11538/the-cellular-internalization-mechanisms-of-cationic-niosomesdna-complex-in-hela-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1264</span> A Hyperexponential Approximation to Finite-Time and Infinite-Time Ruin Probabilities of Compound Poisson Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20T.%20Payandeh%20Najafabadi">Amir T. Payandeh Najafabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article considers the problem of evaluating infinite-time (or finite-time) ruin probability under a given compound Poisson surplus process by approximating the claim size distribution by a finite mixture exponential, say Hyperexponential, distribution. It restates the infinite-time (or finite-time) ruin probability as a solvable ordinary differential equation (or a partial differential equation). Application of our findings has been given through a simulation study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruin%20probability" title="ruin probability">ruin probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20poisson%20processes" title=" compound poisson processes"> compound poisson processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20exponential%20%28hyperexponential%29%20distribution" title=" mixture exponential (hyperexponential) distribution"> mixture exponential (hyperexponential) distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy-tailed%20distributions" title=" heavy-tailed distributions"> heavy-tailed distributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54135/a-hyperexponential-approximation-to-finite-time-and-infinite-time-ruin-probabilities-of-compound-poisson-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1263</span> Computational Analysis of Potential Inhibitors Selected Based on Structural Similarity for the Src SH2 Domain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20P.%20Hu">W. P. Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20V.%20Kumar"> J. V. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20J.%20P.%20Tsai"> Jeffrey J. P. Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inhibition of SH2 domain regulated protein-protein interactions is an attractive target for developing an effective chemotherapeutic approach in the treatment of disease. Molecular simulation is a useful tool for developing new drugs and for studying molecular recognition. In this study, we searched potential drug compounds for the inhibition of SH2 domain by performing structural similarity search in PubChem Compound Database. A total of 37 compounds were screened from the database, and then we used the LibDock docking program to evaluate the inhibition effect. The best three compounds (AP22408, CID 71463546 and CID 9917321) were chosen for MD simulations after the LibDock docking. Our results show that the compound CID 9917321 can produce a more stable protein-ligand complex compared to other two currently known inhibitors of Src SH2 domain. The compound CID 9917321 may be useful for the inhibition of SH2 domain based on these computational results. Subsequently experiments are needed to verify the effect of compound CID 9917321 on the SH2 domain in the future studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonpeptide%20inhibitor" title="nonpeptide inhibitor">nonpeptide inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Src%20SH2%20domain" title=" Src SH2 domain"> Src SH2 domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LibDock" title=" LibDock"> LibDock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9031/computational-analysis-of-potential-inhibitors-selected-based-on-structural-similarity-for-the-src-sh2-domain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">3</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=45">45</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=46">46</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternary%20ammonium%20compound&page=4" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>