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class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Barcroft</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="جوزف بارکرافت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوزف بارکرافت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჯოზეფ ბარკროფტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოზეფ ბარკროფტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Баркрофт, Джозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баркрофт, Джозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joseph Barcroft" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9" title="约瑟夫·巴克罗夫特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约瑟夫·巴克罗夫特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q377985#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Physiologist, studied the oxygenation of blood</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Joseph Barcroft</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg/220px-Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg/330px-Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg/440px-Joseph_Barcroft_c1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2815" data-file-height="3564" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Joseph Barcroft c. 1940</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_John_Worsley_Roughton" title="Francis John Worsley Roughton">Francis John Worsley Roughton</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Joseph Barcroft</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (26 July 1872 – 21 March 1947) was a British <a href="/wiki/Physiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiologist">physiologist</a> best known for his studies of the <a href="/wiki/Oxygenation_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygenation (medical)">oxygenation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> family, he was the son of Henry Barcroft <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a> and Anna Richardson Malcomson of <i>The Glen</i>, Newry – a property purchased for his parents by his mother's uncle, <a href="/wiki/John_Grubb_Richardson" title="John Grubb Richardson">John Grubb Richardson</a> and adjoining his own estate in <a href="/wiki/Bessbrook" title="Bessbrook">Bessbrook</a>. He was initially educated at <a href="/wiki/Bootham_School" title="Bootham School">Bootham School</a>, <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> and later at <a href="/wiki/The_Leys_School" title="The Leys School">The Leys School</a>, Cambridge. He married Mary Agnetta Ball, daughter of Sir Robert S. Ball, in 1903. </p><p>He received his degree in Medicine and Science in 1896 from <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>, and immediately began his studies of <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin">haemoglobin</a>. In May 1910 he was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would be awarded their <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> in 1922 and their <a href="/wiki/Copley_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Copley medal">Copley medal</a> in 1943. He would also deliver their <a href="/wiki/Croonian_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Croonian Lecture">Croonian Lecture</a> in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In both the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> he had the prestigious role of Chief Physiologist at the Gas Warfare Centre at <a href="/wiki/Porton_Down" title="Porton Down">Porton Down</a> near <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royalsoced.org.uk_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalsoced.org.uk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936 he was nominated, unsuccessfully, by Professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Dighton_Stammers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Dighton Stammers (page does not exist)">Arthur Dighton Stammers</a>, Professor of Physiology in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand" title="University of the Witwatersrand">University of the Witwatersrand</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the respiratory function of the blood and the functions of the spleen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the course of his research, he did not hesitate to use himself as a test subject. For example, during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, when he was called to <a href="/wiki/Porton_Down" title="Porton Down">Royal Engineers Experimental Station</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a>) to carry out experiments on <a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">asphyxiating</a> gas, he exposed himself to an atmosphere of poisonous <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">hydrogen cyanide</a>. On another occasion he remained for seven days in a glass chamber in order to calculate the minimum quantity of oxygen required for the survival of the human organism, and another time he exposed himself to such a low temperature that he collapsed into unconsciousness. </p><p>He also studied the physiology of oxygenation at extreme altitudes, and for this purpose he organized expeditions to the peak of <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> (1910), to <a href="/wiki/Monte_Rosa" title="Monte Rosa">Monte Rosa</a> (1911), and to the Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> (1922). </p><p>Between 1902 and 1905 he was a Governor of <a href="/wiki/Leighton_Park_School" title="Leighton Park School">Leighton Park School</a>, the Quaker School in Reading. From 1925 to 1937 he held the chair of physiology at Cambridge. His final research, begun in 1933, concerned <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetal</a> <a href="/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)" title="Respiration (physiology)">respiration</a>. </p><p>He was appointed a Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) in the <a href="/wiki/1918_Birthday_Honours" title="1918 Birthday Honours">1918 Birthday Honours</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and knighted in the <a href="/wiki/1935_Birthday_Honours" title="1935 Birthday Honours">1935 Birthday Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royalsoced.org.uk_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalsoced.org.uk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first years of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> he was again summoned to <a href="/wiki/Porton_Down" title="Porton Down">Porton Down</a> to consult on <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical weapons</a>. He died in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> in 1947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Respiratory Function of the Blood</i> (1914)</li> <li><i>Features in the Architecture of the Physiological Function</i> (1934)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoughton1949" class="citation journal cs1">Roughton, F. J. W. (1949). "Joseph Barcroft. 1872-1947". <i><a href="/wiki/Obituary_Notices_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society">Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>6</b> (18): 315–345. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1949.0001">10.1098/rsbm.1949.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/768928">768928</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162231072">162231072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obituary+Notices+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Joseph+Barcroft.+1872-1947&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=315-345&rft.date=1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162231072%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F768928%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1949.0001&rft.aulast=Roughton&rft.aufirst=F.+J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Barcroft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2000" class="citation journal cs1">Dunn, P. M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1721043">"Sir Joseph Barcroft of Cambridge (1872-1947) and prenatal research"</a>. <i>Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition</i>. <b>82</b> (1): F75–F76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Ffn.82.1.F75">10.1136/fn.82.1.F75</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1721043">1721043</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10634847">10634847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood%3A+Fetal+and+Neonatal+Edition&rft.atitle=Sir+Joseph+Barcroft+of+Cambridge+%281872-1947%29+and+prenatal+research&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=F75-F76&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1721043%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10634847&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Ffn.82.1.F75&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1721043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Barcroft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6FLwniLJV?url=http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=1&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27barcroft%27%29">"Library and Archive Catalogue"</a>. Royal society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=1&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27barcroft%27%29">the original</a> on 24 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Library+and+Archive+Catalogue&rft.pub=Royal+society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.royalsociety.org%2FDServe%2Fdserve.exe%3FdsqIni%3DDserve.ini%26dsqApp%3DArchive%26dsqCmd%3DShow.tcl%26dsqDb%3DPersons%26dsqPos%3D1%26dsqSearch%3D%2528Surname%253D%2527barcroft%2527%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Barcroft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royalsoced.org.uk-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-royalsoced.org.uk_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-royalsoced.org.uk_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC_D_WaterstonA_Macmillan_Shearer2006" class="citation book cs1">C D Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf"><i>Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/090219884X" title="Special:BookSources/090219884X"><bdi>090219884X</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Former+Fellows+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh%2C+1783%E2%80%932002%3A+Part+1+%28A%E2%80%93J%29&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=090219884X&rft.au=C+D+Waterston&rft.au=A+Macmillan+Shearer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical_index%2Ffells_indexp1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Barcroft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/nomination/nomination.php?action=show&showid=698">"Nomination Database – Physiology or Medicine"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomination+Database+%E2%80%93+Physiology+or+Medicine&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Fnomination%2Fnomination.php%3Faction%3Dshow%26showid%3D698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Barcroft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30730" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30730/supplement/">"No. 30730"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 4 June 1918.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30730&rft.date=1918-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30730%2Fsupplement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Barcroft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+B&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Barcroft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of this article was drawn from the <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" class="extiw" title="it:Joseph Barcroft">corresponding article on the Italian Wikipedia</a> retrieved (12 June 2006). </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Keith" title="Arthur Keith">Arthur Keith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Fullerian_Professor_of_Physiology" title="Fullerian Professor of Physiology">Fullerian Professor of Physiology</a> </b><br />1924–1927 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Sorell_Huxley" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Sorell Huxley">Julian Sorell Huxley</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Template:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Template talk:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Medallists_(1901–1950)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medallists</a> (1901–1950)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff" title="Élie Metchnikoff">Élie Metchnikoff</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lankester" title="Ray Lankester">Ray Lankester</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Paul Émile Roux">Pierre Paul Émile Roux</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bayliss" title="William Bayliss">William Bayliss</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Tabberer_Brown" title="Horace Tabberer Brown">Horace Tabberer Brown</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Horace Lamb</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Charles Algernon Parsons</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" title="Arthur Schuster">Arthur Schuster</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theobald_Smith" title="Theobald Smith">Theobald Smith</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lewis_(cardiologist)" title="Thomas Lewis (cardiologist)">Thomas Lewis</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Barcroft</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._I._Taylor" title="G. I. Taylor">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Avery" title="Oswald Avery">Oswald Avery</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._H._Hardy" title="G. H. Hardy">G. H. Hardy</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29612543">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/129170/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcBXWhFXJDdWmwPDDVwG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117563250">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83307117">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12370993q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12370993q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000080339&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p087866846">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007314053805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/joseph-barcroft/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Barcroft, Joseph"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.000367.v1">Ireland</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117563250.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117563250">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032737084">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66447rb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&oldid=1232766218">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&oldid=1232766218</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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