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Kemisk transportreaktion - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

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Tilgængelig på 11 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiese_damptransport" title="Chemiese damptransport – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemiese damptransport" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="تفاعل نقل كيميائي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تفاعل نقل كيميائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" title="Рэакцыя хімічнага пераносу – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэакцыя хімічнага пераносу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemischer_Transport" title="Chemischer Transport – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemischer Transport" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_transport_reaction" title="Chemical transport reaction – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical transport reaction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="واکنش انتقال شیمیایی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واکنش انتقال شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reazione_di_trasporto_chimico" title="Reazione di trasporto chimico – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reazione di trasporto chimico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastransportmethode" title="Gastransportmethode – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gastransportmethode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rea%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica_de_transporte" title="Reação química de transporte – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reação química de transporte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyasal_bu%C4%9Fu_ta%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Kimyasal buğu taşınımı – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyasal buğu taşınımı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Газотранспортні реакції – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газотранспортні реакції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069472#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kemisk_transportreaktion" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden (ikke skrevet endnu) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kemisk_transportreaktion"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kemisk_transportreaktion"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Kemisk_transportreaktion" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Kemisk_transportreaktion" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&amp;campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallisation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Krystallisation (ikke skrevet endnu)">krystallisation</a> af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flygtighed_(kemi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Flygtighed (kemi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">ikke-flygtige</a> <a href="/wiki/Fast_stof" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast stof">faste stoffer</a>. Processen er også medvirkende ved visse aspekter af mineralvækst ved udstrømning fra <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkaner</a>. Teknikken er forskellig fra <a href="/wiki/CVD" title="CVD">kemisk dampudfældnig</a>, som sædvanligvis indebærer opløsning i molekylære bestanddele (f.eks. SiH<sub>4</sub> → Si + 2H<sub>2</sub>), og som giver ensartede belægninger. </p><p>Teknikken, som populariseredes af professor Harald Schäfer,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> indebærer en reversibel omdannelse af ikke-flygtige <a href="/wiki/Grundstof" title="Grundstof">grundstoffer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_forbindelse" title="Kemisk forbindelse">kemiske forbindelser</a> til flygtige, afledte stoffer.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Disse flygtige forbindelser passerer gennem en forseglet beholder, typisk et lufttomt glasrør, som er opvarmet. Et sted i røret, hvor temperaturen holdes på et andet niveau, vender det afledte stof tilbage til den oprindelige tilstand, og transportmediet frigives igen. Transportmediet er derfor af <a href="/wiki/Katalyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalyse">katalytisk</a> natur. Teknikken kræver, at rørets to ender (som indeholder den prøve, der skal krystalliseres) har forskellig temperatur, hvilket opnås ved anvendelse af særlige elektriske røropvarmere. Metoden ligner meget og er måske inspireret af den såkaldte "Van Arkel de Boer-proces", der benyttes til at fremstille rent <a href="/wiki/Titan_(grundstof)" title="Titan (grundstof)">titan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> og som benytter <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">jod</a> som transportmedium. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Titan-crystal_bar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Titan-crystal_bar.JPG/240px-Titan-crystal_bar.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Titan-crystal_bar.JPG/360px-Titan-crystal_bar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Titan-crystal_bar.JPG/480px-Titan-crystal_bar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5572" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>Krystaller af titan dyrket ved Van Arkel de Boer-processen med I<sub>2</sub> som transportmedium.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exotermiske_og_endotermiske_reaktioner">Exotermiske og endotermiske reaktioner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Exotermiske og endotermiske reaktioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Exotermiske og endotermiske reaktioner"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transportreaktionerne klassificeres efter <a href="/wiki/Termodynamik" title="Termodynamik">termodynamikken</a> i reaktionen mellem det faste stof og transportmediet. Når reaktionen is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotermi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotermi (ikke skrevet endnu)">exotermisk</a>, tranporteres det faste stof fra den koldeste del (som kan være ret varm) af reaktoren til den varmeste ende, hvor ligevægtskonstanten er mindre gunstig, så krystallerne vokser. Reaktionen med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybd%C3%A6ndioxid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdændioxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">molybdændioxid</a> med jod som transportmedium er en exotermisk proces, idet MoO<sub>2</sub> bevæger sig fra den koldeste ende (700&#160;°C) til den varmere (900&#160;°C): </p> <dl><dd>MoO<sub>2</sub> + I<sub>2</sub> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2190;<!-- ← --></mo> <mo>&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72e476d371024f77d716e2892f2563e212e09e29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"></span> MoO<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> ΔH<sub>rxn</sub> &lt; 0 (exotermisk)</dd></dl> <p>Med brug af 10 milligram jod til 4 gram fast stof tager processen adskillige dage. </p><p>I den modsatte situation, hvor reaktionen mellem det faste stof og transportmediet er endotermisk, transporteres det faste stof fra et varmere område til et koldere. For eksempel: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jern(III)oxid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jern(III)oxid (ikke skrevet endnu)">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> + 6 <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenklorid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenklorid">HCl</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2190;<!-- ← --></mo> <mo>&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72e476d371024f77d716e2892f2563e212e09e29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Jern(III)klorid" title="Jern(III)klorid">Fe<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub></a> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O ΔH<sub>rxn</sub> &gt; 0 (endotermisk)</dd></dl> <p>Mængden af jern(III)oxid holdes på 1000&#160;°C, og produktet vokser frem ved 750&#160;°C. HCl er transportmediet. Krystaller af <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6matit" title="Hæmatit">hæmatit</a> er observeret ved udmundingen af vulkaner på grund af kemiske transportreaktioner, hvor vulkansk brintklorid opløser jern(III)oxider.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Halogenlamper">Halogenlamper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Halogenlamper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Halogenlamper"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En reaktion svarende til MoO<sub>2</sub>-reaktionen udnyttes i <a href="/wiki/Halogenlampe" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogenlampe">halogenlamper</a>. Wolfram, der er fordampet fra wolframtråden og omdannet med små mængder ilt og jod til WO<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> ved den høje temperatur nær tråden, nedbrydes igen til wolfram, ilt og jod. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>WO<sub>2</sub> + I<sub>2</sub> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2190;<!-- ← --></mo> <mo>&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72e476d371024f77d716e2892f2563e212e09e29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"></span> WO<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> ΔH<sub>rxn</sub> &lt; 0 (exotermisk)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder">Kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_transportreaktion&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Kilder"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGünther_Rienäcker,_Josef_Goubeau1973" class="citation journal cs1">Günther Rienäcker, Josef Goubeau (1973). "Professor Harald Schäfer". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_anorganische_und_allgemeine_Chemie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie</a></i>. <b>395</b> (2-3): 129-133. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fzaac.19733950202">10.1002/zaac.19733950202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+anorganische+und+allgemeine+Chemie&amp;rft.atitle=Professor+Harald+Sch%C3%A4fer&amp;rft.volume=395&amp;rft.issue=2-3&amp;rft.pages=129-133&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fzaac.19733950202&amp;rft.au=G%C3%BCnther+Rien%C3%A4cker%2C+Josef+Goubeau&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AKemisk+transportreaktion" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(tysk)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schäfer, H. "Chemical Transport Reactions" Academic Press, New York, 1963. <span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(engelsk)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(tysk)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFP._Kleinert,_D._Schmidt1966" class="citation journal cs1">P. Kleinert, D. Schmidt (1966). "Beiträge zum chemischen Transport oxidischer Metallverbindungen. I. Der Transport von α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> über dimeres Eisen(III)-chlorid". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_anorganische_und_allgemeine_Chemie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie</a></i>. <b>348</b> (3-4): 142-150. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fzaac.19663480305">10.1002/zaac.19663480305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+anorganische+und+allgemeine+Chemie&amp;rft.atitle=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zum+chemischen+Transport+oxidischer+Metallverbindungen.+I.+Der+Transport+von+%CE%B1-Fe%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E+%C3%BCber+dimeres+Eisen%28III%29-chlorid&amp;rft.volume=348&amp;rft.issue=3-4&amp;rft.pages=142-150&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fzaac.19663480305&amp;rft.au=P.+Kleinert%2C+D.+Schmidt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AKemisk+transportreaktion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: default; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 0.84em; color: #555555; position: relative; bottom: 0.08em">(tysk)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFJ._H._Dettingmeijer,_B._Meinders1968" class="citation journal cs1">J. H. Dettingmeijer, B. Meinders (1968). "Zum system W/O/J. I: das Gleichgewicht WO<sub>2</sub>, f + J<sub>2</sub>, g = WO<sub>2</sub>J<sub>2</sub>,g". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_anorganische_und_allgemeine_Chemie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie</a></i>. <b>357</b> (1-2): 1-10. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fzaac.19683570101">10.1002/zaac.19683570101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+anorganische+und+allgemeine+Chemie&amp;rft.atitle=Zum+system+W%2FO%2FJ.+I%3A+das+Gleichgewicht+WO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%2C+f+%2B+J%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%2C+g+%3D+WO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EJ%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%2Cg&amp;rft.volume=357&amp;rft.issue=1-2&amp;rft.pages=1-10&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fzaac.19683570101&amp;rft.au=J.+H.+Dettingmeijer%2C+B.+Meinders&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AKemisk+transportreaktion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐7858d788f6‐c5gng Cached time: 20241101190930 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.137 seconds Real time usage: 0.238 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 265/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7193/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 93/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11357/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.073/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2473074/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 153.796 1 -total 100.00% 153.796 1 Skabelon:Reflist 73.38% 112.858 3 Skabelon:Cite_journal 11.25% 17.299 3 Skabelon:De_sprog 1.24% 1.902 1 Skabelon:Artikel_eller_andet 0.95% 1.463 2 Skabelon:Sprogikon 0.94% 1.453 1 Skabelon:En_sprog --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key dawiki:pcache:idhash:465985-0!canonical and timestamp 20241101190930 and revision id 9654606. 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