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class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Oxalates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxalates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theanine_and_caffeine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theanine_and_caffeine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Theanine and caffeine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theanine_and_caffeine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>By conditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_conditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By conditions subsection</span> 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robur_tea_advert_1912.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Robur_tea_advert_1912.png/220px-Robur_tea_advert_1912.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="988" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Robur_tea_advert_1912.png/330px-Robur_tea_advert_1912.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Robur_tea_advert_1912.png/440px-Robur_tea_advert_1912.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="2264" /></a><figcaption>1912 advertisement for tea in the <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>, describing its supposed health benefits</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>health effects of tea</b> have been studied throughout human history. Although health benefits have been assumed throughout the history of using <i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Camellia sinensis</a></i> as a common beverage, there is no high-quality evidence that consuming tea confers significant benefits other than possibly increasing alertness, an effect caused by <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a> in the tea leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-medline_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nccih_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">clinical research</a> conducted over the early 21st century, tea has been studied extensively for its potential to lower the risk of <a href="/wiki/Human_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Human diseases">human diseases</a>, but there is no good <a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">scientific evidence</a> to support any therapeutic uses. A small number of studies suggests that both green and black tea might have beneficial effects on some heart disease risk factors, including blood pressure and cholesterol. The research has limitations though, including how the data was evaluated and differences in study populations, so no definite conclusions have been reached.<sup id="cite_ref-nccih_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In regions without access to safe <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a>, boiling water to make tea is effective for reducing <a href="/wiki/Waterborne_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterborne diseases">waterborne diseases</a> by destroying <a href="/wiki/Pathogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathogenic">pathogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_constituents_or_substances">By constituents or substances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By constituents or substances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aluminum,_iron_and_other_metals"><span id="Aluminum.2C_iron_and_other_metals"></span>Aluminum, iron and other metals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aluminum, iron and other metals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Aluminium#Toxicity" title="Aluminium">Aluminium § Toxicity</a></div> <p>Tea drinking accounts for a high proportion of <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> in the human diet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The levels are safe, but there has been some concern that aluminum traces may be associated with <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>. A 2013 study additionally indicated that some teas contained lead (mostly Chinese) and aluminum (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> blends, China).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is still insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on this subject.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most studies have found no association between tea intake and iron absorption.<sup id="cite_ref-beck_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beck-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, drinking excessive amounts of black tea may inhibit the absorption of iron, and may harm people with <a href="/wiki/Anaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaemia">anaemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerns have been raised about the traditional method of over-boiling tea to produce a <a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">decoction</a>, which may increase the amount of environmental contaminants released and consumed.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluoride_exposure">Fluoride exposure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fluoride exposure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fluoride_toxicity" title="Fluoride toxicity">Fluoride toxicity</a></div> <p>All tea leaves contain <a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">fluoride</a>; however, mature leaves contain as much as 10 to 20 times the fluoride levels of young leaves from the same plant.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17410113_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17410113-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18078704_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18078704-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fluoride content of a tea leaf depends on the leaf picking method used and the fluoride content of the soil from which it has been grown; tea plants absorb this element at a greater rate than other plants. Care in the choice of the location where the plant is grown may reduce the risk.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is speculated that hand-picked tea would contain less fluoride than machine-harvested tea, because there is a much lower chance of harvesting older leaves during the harvest process. A 2013 British study of 38 teas found that cheaper UK supermarket tea blends had the highest levels of fluoride with about 580 mg per kilogram, green teas averaged about 397 mg per kg and pure blends about 132 mg per kg. The researchers suggested that economy teas may use older leaves which contain more fluoride. They calculated a person drinking a litre of economy tea per day would consume about 6 mg of fluoride, above the recommended average dietary intake level of 3–4 mg of fluoride per day, but below the maximum tolerable amount of 10 mg of fluoride per day.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tea_brick" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea brick">Brick tea</a>, made from fallen leaves, old leaves and stems has the highest levels.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One study indicated that green tea leaves have an average fluoride concentration of 52 mg/kg, and approximately 89% of the fluoride was released from the leaves into tea after brewing.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxalates">Oxalates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oxalates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tea contains <a href="/wiki/Oxalate" title="Oxalate">oxalate</a>, overconsumption of which can cause <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a> stones, as well as binding with free <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> in the body. The <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> of oxalate from tea is low, thus a possible negative effect requires a large intake of tea.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massive <a href="/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea">black tea</a> consumption has been linked to kidney failure due to its high oxalate content (acute oxalate nephropathy).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theanine_and_caffeine">Theanine and caffeine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Theanine and caffeine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_caffeine" class="mw-redirect" title="Health effects of caffeine">Health effects of caffeine</a></div> <p>Tea also contains <a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine">theanine</a> and the stimulant <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a> at about 3% of its dry weight, translating to between 30 mg and 90 mg per 8 US fluid ounces (240 mL) depending on type, brand<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and brewing method.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tea also contains small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">theobromine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">theophylline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dry tea has more caffeine by weight than dry coffee; nevertheless, more dry coffee than dry tea is used in typical drink preparations,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which results in a cup of brewed tea containing significantly less caffeine than a cup of <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee" title="Health effects of coffee">coffee</a> of the same size. </p><p>The caffeine in tea is a mild <a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">diuretic</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association" title="British Dietetic Association">British Dietetic Association</a> has suggested that tea can be used to supplement normal water consumption, and that "the style of tea and coffee and the amounts we drink in the UK are unlikely to have a negative effect [on hydration]".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_conditions">By conditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: By conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cognitive_effects">Cognitive effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cognitive effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drinking caffeinated tea may improve mental alertness due to the effects of caffeine.<sup id="cite_ref-medline_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> reported that there was little evidence to support the claim that green tea consumption may reduce the risk of breast and prostate cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2010 report by the US <a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute" title="National Cancer Institute">National Cancer Institute</a> stated that <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology#Types_of_studies" title="Epidemiology">epidemiological studies</a> and the few <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> of tea for the prevention of cancer were inconclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute "does not recommend for or against the use of tea to reduce the risk of any type of cancer." ... "Inconsistencies in study findings regarding tea and cancer risk may be due to variability in tea preparation, tea consumption, the bioavailability of tea compounds (the amounts that can be absorbed by the body), lifestyle differences, and individual genetic differences."<sup id="cite_ref-NCI_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though there is some positive evidence for risk reduction of breast, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancers with green tea, it is weak and inconclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meta-analyses of observational studies have concluded that black tea consumption does not appear to protect against the development of <a href="/wiki/Oral_cancer" title="Oral cancer">oral cancers</a> in Asian or Caucasian populations, the development of <a href="/wiki/Esophageal_cancer" title="Esophageal cancer">esophageal cancer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> in Asian populations, or the development of lung cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-OralCancer2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OralCancer2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LungCancer2012_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LungCancer2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ProstateCancer2011_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProstateCancer2011-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ProstateCancer2014_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProstateCancer2014-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EsophagealCancer2013_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EsophagealCancer2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, a meta-analysis based on 14 case-control studies found that tea consumption appears protective of <a href="/wiki/Oral_cancer" title="Oral cancer">oral cancer</a> with a greater decrease in risk occurring with a larger intake (except for black tea and American people).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consumption of very hot tea could increase the risk of esophageal cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardiovascular_disease">Cardiovascular disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cardiovascular disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Prospective_cohort_study" title="Prospective cohort study">preliminary long-term clinical studies</a>, black tea consumption showed evidence for providing a small reduction in the risk of <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Stroke2012_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stroke2012-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stroke2014_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stroke2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas, in another review, green tea and black tea did not have significant effects on the risk of <a href="/wiki/Coronary_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronary heart disease">coronary heart disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two reviews of <a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">randomized controlled trials</a> concluded that long-term consumption of black tea slightly lowers <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">systolic and diastolic blood pressures</a> (about 1–2 mmHg), a finding based on limited evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartley2013_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartley2013-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liu2014_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu2014-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2013 Cochrane review found some evidence of benefit from tea consumption on cardiovascular markers (total and LDL cholesterol), though more research is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartley2013_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartley2013-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fracture_risk">Fracture risk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fracture risk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tea consumption does not appear to affect the risk of <a href="/wiki/Bone_fracture" title="Bone fracture">bone fracture</a> including <a href="/wiki/Hip_fracture" title="Hip fracture">hip fractures</a> or fractures of the <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a> in men or women.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen2014_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen2014-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weight_loss">Weight loss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Weight loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although green tea is commonly believed to be a weight loss aid, there is no good evidence that its long-term consumption has any meaningful benefit in helping overweight or obese people to lose weight, or that it helps to maintain a healthy body weight.<sup id="cite_ref-coch-gt_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coch-gt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of green tea for attempted weight loss carries a small risk of <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> discomfort.<sup id="cite_ref-coch-gt_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coch-gt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decaffeination" title="Decaffeination">Decaffeination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detox_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Detox tea">Detox tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Glutamylmethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Glutamylmethylamide"><i>gamma</i>-Glutamylmethylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee" title="Health effects of coffee">Health effects of coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_tea" title="Phenolic content in tea">Phenolic content in tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Release_of_microplastics_by_tea_bags" class="mw-redirect" title="Release of microplastics by tea bags">Release of microplastics by tea bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-medline-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-medline_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-medline_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Br+J+Nutr&rft.atitle=Effects+of+tea+intake+on+blood+pressure%3A+a+meta-analysis+of+randomised+controlled+trials&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1043-54&rft.date=2014-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0007114514001731&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25137341&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Mi%2C+XN&rft.au=Zheng%2C+XX&rft.au=Xu%2C+YL&rft.au=Lu%2C+J&rft.au=Huang%2C+XH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0007114514001731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+effects+of+tea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chen2014-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chen2014_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenShiWu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chen B, Shi HF, Wu SC (March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diagn+Pathol&rft.atitle=Tea+consumption+didn%27t+modify+the+risk+of+fracture%3A+a+dose-response+meta-analysis+of+observational+studies&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=44&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4017777%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24588938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1746-1596-9-44&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Shi%2C+HF&rft.au=Wu%2C+SC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4017777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+effects+of+tea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coch-gt-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coch-gt_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coch-gt_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Effects+of+green+tea+on+weight+maintenance+after+body-weight+loss&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=431-437&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1079%2FBJN20041061&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15005829&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=EM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1079%252FBJN20041061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHealth+effects+of+tea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_effects_of_tea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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id="Tea_(Camellia_sinensis)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Camellia sinensis</a></i>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea" title="History of tea">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common <br />varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea">Black tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_tea" title="Assam tea">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_tea" title="Wuyi tea">Bohea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#Ceylon_black_tea" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congou" title="Congou">Congou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_tea" title="Darjeeling tea">Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianhong" title="Dianhong">Dianhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Monkey_tea" title="Golden Monkey tea">Golden Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Jun_Mei_tea" title="Jin Jun Mei tea">Jin Jun Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangra_tea" title="Kangra tea">Kangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keemun" title="Keemun">Keemun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tea" title="Nilgiri tea">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_tea" title="Sikkim tea">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeti" title="Tibeti">Tibeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_tea" title="Rize tea">Rize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingdehong_tea" title="Yingdehong tea">Yingdehong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">Oolong tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Jiguan_tea" title="Bai Jiguan tea">Bai Jiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Tian_Yao_tea" title="Ban Tian Yao tea">Ban Tian Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baozhong_tea" title="Baozhong tea">Baozhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu_Zhi_Chun_tea" title="Bu Zhi Chun tea">Bu Zhi Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Hong_Pao" title="Da Hong Pao">Da Hong Pao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Ding_tea" title="Dong Ding tea">Dong ding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang_meiren" title="Dongfang meiren">Dongfang meiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo_Shou_tea" title="Fo Shou tea">Fo Shou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-mountain_tea" title="High-mountain tea">Gaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjin_Gui" title="Huangjin Gui">Huangjin Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Meigui_tea" title="Huang Meigui tea">Huang Meigui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Xuan_tea" title="Jin Xuan tea">Jin Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilan_tea" title="Qilan tea">Qilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rougui_tea" title="Rougui tea">Rougui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruan_zhi" title="Ruan zhi">Ruan zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shui_Jin_Gui_tea" title="Shui Jin Gui tea">Shui Jin Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shui_Xian" title="Shui Xian">Shui Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieluohan_tea" title="Tieluohan tea">Tieluohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieguanyin" title="Tieguanyin">Tieguanyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anji_bai_cha" title="Anji bai cha">Anji bai cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aracha" title="Aracha">Aracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baimao_Hou" title="Baimao Hou">Baimao Hou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancha" title="Bancha">Bancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biluochun" title="Biluochun">Biluochun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chun_Mee" title="Chun Mee">Chun Mee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafang_tea" title="Dafang tea">Dafang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genmaicha" title="Genmaicha">Genmaicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an_Melon_Seed_tea" title="Lu'an Melon Seed tea">Lu'an Melon Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_tea" title="Gunpowder tea">Gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyokuro" title="Gyokuro">Gyokuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Djicha" title="Hōjicha">Hōjicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_houkui" title="Taiping houkui">Taiping houkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_Maofeng" title="Huangshan Maofeng">Huangshan Maofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyson" title="Hyson">Hyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha#Kabusecha" title="Sencha">Kabusecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamairicha" title="Kamairicha">Kamairicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konacha" title="Konacha">Konacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukicha" title="Kukicha">Kukicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matcha" title="Matcha">Matcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang_Maojian_tea" title="Xinyang Maojian tea">Maojian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_(tea)" title="Mecha (tea)">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha" title="Sencha">Sencha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha#Shincha" title="Sencha">Shincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaryokucha" title="Tamaryokucha">Tamaryokucha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_tea" title="White tea">White tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baimudan_tea" title="Baimudan tea">Bai Mudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihao_Yinzhen" title="Baihao Yinzhen">Baihao Yinzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoumei_tea" title="Shoumei tea">Shoumei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_tea" title="Yellow tea">Yellow tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junshan_Yinzhen" title="Junshan Yinzhen">Junshan Yinzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huoshan_Huangya_tea" title="Huoshan Huangya tea">Huoshan Huangya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_tea" title="Pu'er tea">Pu-erh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncha" title="Doncha">Doncha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahpet" title="Lahpet">Lahpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tea_blending_and_additives" title="Tea blending and additives">Blended or <br />flavoured teas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Grey_tea" title="Earl Grey tea">Earl Grey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lady_Grey_(tea)" title="Lady Grey (tea)">Lady Grey</a>)</li> <li>Breakfast tea (<a href="/wiki/English_breakfast_tea" title="English breakfast tea">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Irish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmine_tea" title="Jasmine tea">Jasmine tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapsang_souchong" title="Lapsang souchong">Lapsang souchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_mint_tea" title="Maghrebi mint tea">Maghrebi mint tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_tea_blend" title="Prince of Wales tea blend">Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Caravan" title="Russian Caravan">Russian Caravan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strobilanthes_tonkinensis" title="Strobilanthes tonkinensis">Strobilanthes tonkinensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Australia" title="Tea in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_tea" title="Arabic tea">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tea in the United Kingdom">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_tea" title="Ceylon tea">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea" title="Chinese tea">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea" title="Korean tea">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_tea" title="Nepali tea">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea" title="Taiwanese tea">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_tea" title="Vietnamese tea">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture" title="Tea culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Customs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">Afternoon/High tea/Evening meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasseography" title="Tasseography">Tasseography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_tea_ceremony" title="East Asian tea ceremony">East Asian tea ceremony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongfu_tea" title="Gongfu tea">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea_ceremony" title="Korean tea ceremony">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea_culture" title="Taiwanese tea culture">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_tea_ceremony" title="Ryukyuan tea ceremony">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_garden" title="Tea garden">Tea garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouse or tearoom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cha_chaan_teng" title="Cha chaan teng">Cha chaan teng</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chashitsu" title="Chashitsu">Chashitsu</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mizuya" title="Mizuya">Mizuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukiya-zukuri" title="Sukiya-zukuri">Sukiya-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roji" title="Roji">Roji</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_tea_culture" title="American tea culture">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tea_culture" title="Argentine tea culture">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_tea_culture" title="Azerbaijani tea culture">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_tea_culture" title="Brazilian tea culture">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_tea_culture" title="Dominican tea culture">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_tea_culture" title="Hong Kong tea culture">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_tea_culture" title="Indian tea culture">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture_in_Japan" title="Tea culture in Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_tea_culture" title="Mexican tea culture">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_tea_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani tea culture">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_tea_culture" title="Senegalese tea culture">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea_culture" title="Taiwanese tea culture">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea" title="History of tea">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="History of tea in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_India" title="History of tea in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_Japan" title="History of tea in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production and <br />distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_leaf_grading" title="Tea leaf grading">Leaf grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_processing" title="Tea processing">Processing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decaffeination" title="Decaffeination">Decaffeination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tasting" title="Tea tasting">Tasting</a></li> <li>Cultivation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tea_diseases" title="List of tea diseases">Diseases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tea_companies" title="List of tea companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tea_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by tea consumption per capita">Consumption by country</a></li> <li>Auctions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Tea_Auction" title="London Tea Auction">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Tea_Auction" title="Chittagong Tea Auction">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati_Tea_Auction_Centre" title="Guwahati Tea Auction Centre">Guwahati</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_country" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Indonesia" title="Tea production in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Kenya" title="Tea production in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Rwanda" title="Tea production in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_the_United_States" title="Tea production in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_tea" title="Flowering tea">Flowering teas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infusion" title="Infusion">Infusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_tea" title="Compressed tea">Compressed tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">Decoction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">ISO procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeping" title="Steeping">Steeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_bag" title="Tea bag">Tea bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_lady" title="Tea lady">Tea lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_tea" title="Phenolic content in tea">Phenolic content</a></li> <li>Compounds <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine">Theanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavan-3-ol" title="Flavan-3-ol">Flavan-3-ol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Catechin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">Epigallocatechin gallate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaflavin" title="Theaflavin">Theaflavin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tea-based <br />drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_tea" title="Bubble tea">Bubble tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_tea" title="Builder's tea">Builder's tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_milk_tea" title="Burmese milk tea">Burmese milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_tea" title="Butter tea">Butter tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifir" title="Chifir">Chifir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doodh_pati_chai" title="Doodh pati chai">Doodh pati chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93style_milk_tea" title="Hong Kong–style milk tea">Hong Kong–style milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iced_tea" title="Iced tea">Iced tea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer_(drink)" title="Arnold Palmer (drink)">Arnold Palmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagertee" title="Jagertee">Jagertee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahwah" title="Kahwah">Kahwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_cha" title="Lei cha">Lei cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_tea" title="Milk tea">Milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_chai" title="Noon chai">Noon chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-color_tea" title="Seven-color tea">Seven-color tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_haleeb" title="Shahi haleeb">Shahi haleeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suutei_tsai" title="Suutei tsai">Suutei tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_tea" title="Sweet tea">Sweet tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teh_tarik" title="Teh tarik">Teh tarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_tea" title="Thai tea">Thai tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuenyeung" title="Yuenyeung">Yuenyeung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaware" title="Teaware">Teaware</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_chest" title="Tea chest">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_caddy" title="Tea caddy">Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawan" title="Chawan">Chawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infuser" title="Infuser">Infuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_strainer" title="Tea strainer">Strainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacup" title="Teacup">Teacup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teapot" title="Teapot">Teapot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiwan" title="Gaiwan">Gaiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_set" title="Tea set">Tea set</a></li></ul></li> <li>Literature <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_classics" title="Tea classics">Tea classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_teas" title="List of Chinese teas">List of Chinese teas</a></li> <li>Teas of related species <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_japonica" title="Camellia japonica">Camellia japonica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sasanqua" title="Camellia sasanqua">Camellia sasanqua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_taliensis" title="Camellia taliensis">Camellia taliensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Tea research <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipton_Institute_of_Tea" title="Lipton Institute of Tea">Lipton Institute of Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Research_and_Extension_Station" title="Tea Research and Extension Station">Tea Research and Extension Station</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Herbal_tea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamomile" title="Chamomile">Chamomile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime_tea" title="Dried lime tea">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_tea" title="Ginger tea">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilex_guayusa" title="Ilex guayusa">Guayusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koththamalli" title="Koththamalli">Koththamalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuding" title="Kuding">Kuding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (drink)">Mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooibos" title="Rooibos">Rooibos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tea" title="Category:Tea">Category</a></li></ul> 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