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interventions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: formative interventions"> <meta name="keywords" content="formative interventions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="formative interventions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2059</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: formative interventions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1879</span> Perceptions and Expectations by Participants of Monitoring and Evaluation Short Course Training Programmes in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokgophana%20Ramasobana">Mokgophana Ramasobana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: At the core of the demand to utilize evidence-based approaches in the policy-making cycle, prioritization of limited financial resources and results driven initiatives is the urgency to develop a cohort of competent Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practitioners and public servants. The ongoing strides in the evaluation capacity building (ECB) initiatives are a direct response to produce the highly-sought after M&E skills. Notwithstanding the rapid growth of M&E short courses, participants perceived value and expectation of M&E short courses as a panacea for ECB have not been empirically quantified or measured. The objective of this article is to explicitly illustrate the importance of measuring ECB interventions and understanding what works in ECB and why it works. Objectives: This article illustrates the importance of establishing empirical ECB measurement tools to evaluate ECB interventions in order to ascertain its contribution to the broader evaluation practice. Method: The study was primarily a desktop review of existing literature, juxtaposed by a survey of the participants across the African continent based on the 43 M&E short courses hosted by the Centre for Learning on Evaluation and Results Anglophone Africa (CLEAR-AA) in collaboration with the Department of Planning Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME) Results: The article established that participants perceive short course training as a panacea to improve their M&E practical skill critical to executing their organizational duties. In tandem, participants are likely to demand customized training as opposed to general topics in Evaluation. However, the organizational environments constrain the application of the newly acquired skills. Conclusion: This article aims to contribute to the 'how to' measure ECB interventions discourse and contribute towards the improvement to evaluate ECB interventions. The study finds that participants prefer training courses with longer duration to cover more topics. At the same time, whilst organizations call for customization of programmes, the study found that individual participants demand knowledge of generic and popular evaluation topics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20capacity%20building" title="evaluation capacity building">evaluation capacity building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness%20and%20training" title=" effectiveness and training"> effectiveness and training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20and%20evaluation%20%28M%26E%29%20short%20course%20training" title=" monitoring and evaluation (M&E) short course training"> monitoring and evaluation (M&E) short course training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptions%20and%20expectations" title=" perceptions and expectations"> perceptions and expectations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91840/perceptions-and-expectations-by-participants-of-monitoring-and-evaluation-short-course-training-programmes-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1878</span> Leveraging Positive Psychology Practices to Elevate the Impact of Check-In, Check-Out (CICO) in Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimberli%20Breen">Kimberli Breen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background Check-In, Check-Out is noted as the most widely implemented evidence-based intervention for youth at-promise within schools. Over twenty years of peer-reviewed research demonstrates the powerful effects of this Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) practice when implemented with fidelity. However, literature to date has not explicitly connected this intervention with Positive Psychology. Aims This session will illustrate the powerful role Positive Psychology and core elements of PERMA play in the worldwide success of this intervention and how more explicitly aligning Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) practices with Positive Psychology might remove common barriers to current implementation. Method Students receiving the Check-In, Check-Out intervention experience a warm, positive greeting from a caring adult (CICO Coach) before entering their first class of the day. Teachers then provide high frequency positive feedback to the students at the end of each time block, or segment, of the day. An “optimistic close” to the day is then provided by the same CICO Coach at the end of the school day via the “check-out” process, where students assess the day’s accomplishments and goal-set for the next day. Results CICO clearly aligns with the Positive Psychology core elements of PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning and Accomplishments) and could be further strengthened through explicit integration. Conclusion The already powerful impact and reach of the Check-In, Check-Out intervention can be further enhanced and expanded through greater alignment with Positive Psychology elements and practices. Initiating this important alignment with CICO also offers promise for further integration of Positive Psychology and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20pscyhology" title="positive pscyhology">positive pscyhology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=check-In%20check-out" title=" check-In check-out"> check-In check-out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools"> schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignment" title=" alignment"> alignment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171764/leveraging-positive-psychology-practices-to-elevate-the-impact-of-check-in-check-out-cico-in-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1877</span> Interventions to Improve the Performance of Community Based Health Insurance in Low- and Lower Middle-Income-Countries: a Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scarlet%20Tabot%20Enanga%20Longsti">Scarlet Tabot Enanga Longsti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) schemes have been proposed as a possible means to achieve affordable health care in low-and lower-middle-income countries. The existing evidence provides mixed results on the impact of CBHI schemes on healthcare utilisation and out -of-pocket payments (OOPP) for healthcare. Over 900 CBHI schemes have been implemented in underdeveloped countries, and these schemes have undergone different modifications over the years. Prior reviews have suggested that different designs of CBHI schemes may result in different outcomes. Objectives: This review sought to determine the interventions that affect the impact of CBHI schemes on OOPP and health service utilisation. Interventions in this study referred to any action or modification in the design of a CBHI scheme that affected the impact of the scheme on OOPP and/or healthcare utilization. Methods: Any CBHI study that was done in a lower middle-income country, that used an experimental design, that included OOPP or health care utilisation as outcome variables, and that was published in either English or French was included in this study. Studies were searched for in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, EconLit, IBSS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Global Index Medicus from July to August 2023. Bias was assessed using Joanna Brigs Institute tools for quality assessment for randomized control trials and quasi experimental studies. A narrative synthesis was done. Results: 12 studies were included in the review, with a total of 69 villages, 13,653 households, and 62,786 participants. Average premium collection was 4.8 USD/year. Most CBHI schemes had flat rates. The study revealed that a range of interventions impact OOPP and health care utilisation. Five categories of interventions were identified. The intervention with the highest impact on OOPP and utilisation was “Audit visits”. Next in line came external funds, training scheme workers, and engaging community leaders and village heads to advertise the scheme. Free healthcare led to a significant increase in utilisation of health services, a significant reduction in Catastrophic health expenditure, but an insignificant effect on OOPP among insured compared with uninsured. Conclusions: Community-Based Health Insurance could pave the way for Universal Health Care in low and middle-income countries. However, this can only be possible if careful thought is given to how schemes are designed. Due to the heterogeneity of studies and results on CBHI schemes, there is need for further research for more effective designs to be developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20based%20health%20insurance" title="community based health insurance">community based health insurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20service%20utilisation" title=" health service utilisation"> health service utilisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out%20of%20pocket%20payment" title=" out of pocket payment"> out of pocket payment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171379/interventions-to-improve-the-performance-of-community-based-health-insurance-in-low-and-lower-middle-income-countries-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1876</span> A Review of Lexical Retrieval Intervention in Primary Progressive Aphasia and Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms of Change, Cognition, and Generalisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashleigh%20Beales">Ashleigh Beales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Whitworth"> Anne Whitworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jade%20Cartwright"> Jade Cartwright</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: While significant benefits of lexical retrieval intervention are evident within the Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) literature, an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie change or improvement is limited. Change mechanisms have been explored in the non-progressive post-stroke literature that may offer insight into how interventions affect change with progressive language disorders. The potential influences of cognitive factors may also play a role here, interacting with the aims of intervention. Exploring how such processes have been applied is likely to grow our understanding of how interventions have, or have not, been effective, and how and why generalisation is likely, or not, to occur. Aims: This review of the literature aimed to (1) investigate the proposed mechanisms of change which underpin lexical interventions, mapping the PPA and AD lexical retrieval literature to theoretical accounts of mechanisms that underlie change within the broader intervention literature, (2) identify whether and which nonlinguistic cognitive functions have been engaged in intervention with these populations and any proposed influence, and (3) explore evidence of linguistic generalisation, with particular reference to change mechanisms employed in interventions. Main contribution: A search of Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL identified 36 articles that reported data for individuals with PPA or AD following lexical retrieval intervention. A review of the mechanisms of change identified 10 studies that used stimulation, 21 studies utilised relearning, three studies drew on reorganisation, and two studies used cognitive-relay. Significant treatment gains, predominantly based on linguistic performance measures, were reported for all client groups for each of the proposed mechanisms. Reorganisation and cognitive-relay change mechanisms were only targeted in PPA. Eighteen studies incorporated nonlinguistic cognitive functions in intervention; these were limited to autobiographical memory (16 studies), episodic memory (three studies), or both (one study). Linguistic generalisation outcomes were inconsistently reported in PPA and AD studies. Conclusion: This review highlights that individuals with PPA and AD may benefit from lexical retrieval intervention, irrespective of the mechanism of change. Thorough application of a theory of intervention is required to gain a greater understanding of the change mechanisms, as well as the interplay of nonlinguistic cognitive functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s%20disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20retrieval" title=" lexical retrieval"> lexical retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanisms%20of%20change" title=" mechanisms of change"> mechanisms of change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20progressive%20aphasia" title=" primary progressive aphasia"> primary progressive aphasia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77439/a-review-of-lexical-retrieval-intervention-in-primary-progressive-aphasia-and-alzheimers-disease-mechanisms-of-change-cognition-and-generalisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1875</span> The Scope and Effectiveness of Interactive Voice Response Technologies in Post-Operative Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zanib%20Nafees">Zanib Nafees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Razaghizad"> Amir Razaghizad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtisam%20Mahmoud"> Ibtisam Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhinav%20Sharma"> Abhinav Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renzo%20Cecere"> Renzo Cecere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> More than one million surgeries are performed each year in Canada, resulting in more than 100,000 associated serious adverse events (SAEs) per year. These are defined as unintended injuries or complications that adversely affect the well-being of patients. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of digital health interventions that have the potential to assist, monitor, and educate patients—facilitating self-care following post-operative discharge. Among digital health, interventions are interactive-voice response technologies (IVRs), which have been shown to be highly effective in certain medical settings. Although numerous IVR-based interventions have been developed, their effectiveness and utility remain unclear, notably in post-operative settings. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic or scoping reviews have evaluated this topic to date. Thus, the objective of this scoping review protocol is to systematically map and explore the literature and evidence describing and examining IVR tools, implementation, evaluation, outcome, and experience for post-operative patients. The focus will be primarily on the evaluation of baseline performance status, clinical assessment, treatment outcomes, and patient management, including self-management and self-monitoring. The objective of this scoping review is to assess the extent of the literature to direct future research efforts by identifying gaps and limitations in the literature and to highlight relevant determinants of positive outcomes in the emerging field of IVR monitoring for health outcomes in post-operative patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20healthcare%20technologies" title="digital healthcare technologies">digital healthcare technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-surgery" title=" post-surgery"> post-surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactive%20voice%20technology" title=" interactive voice technology"> interactive voice technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactive%20voice%20response" title=" interactive voice response"> interactive voice response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144355/the-scope-and-effectiveness-of-interactive-voice-response-technologies-in-post-operative-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1874</span> Unveiling Irregular Migration: An Evaluation of Airport Interventions and Geographic Trends in Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abewardhana%20Arachchi%20Bandula%20Dimuthu%20Priyadarshana%20Abewardhana">Abewardhana Arachchi Bandula Dimuthu Priyadarshana Abewardhana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasika%20Nirosh%20Gonapinuwala%20Vithanage"> Rasika Nirosh Gonapinuwala Vithanage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karawe%20Thanthreege%20Amila%20Madusanka%20Perera"> Karawe Thanthreege Amila Madusanka Perera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asanka%20Sanjeewa%20Karunarathne"> Asanka Sanjeewa Karunarathne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navullage%20Mayuri%20Radhika%20Perera"> Navullage Mayuri Radhika Perera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phenomenon of irregular migration and human trafficking presents multifaceted challenges to Sri Lanka, with specific focus on the migration routes to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the Sultanate of Oman, and Malaysia. This research critically assesses the efficacy of a pilot project instituted at Bandaranaike International Airport aimed at the identification and deterrence of potential irregular migrants. Additionally, the study conducts a nuanced analysis of the geographical tendencies pertaining to passengers who revise their migration intentions at the airport. Pertinently, the findings indicate that Colombo and Gampaha Districts emerge as the most susceptible to human trafficking, with Galle, Nuwaraeliya, Rathnapura, and Polonnaruwa Districts following as areas of elevated concern, particularly within the framework of the 'visit visa' scenario. These insights emanate from an extensive data collection period spanning 50 days of the pilot project, encompassing 1,479 passengers, of which 46 returnees reported to the Safe Migration Promotion Unit. The research is founded on the twin objectives of comprehending the motivations of passengers and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, with a view to devising precision-targeted prevention strategies. Through this endeavor, the study actively contributes to the safeguarding of the rights and welfare of migrants, significantly advancing the ongoing battle against irregular migration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20migration" title="irregular migration">irregular migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airport%20interventions" title=" airport interventions"> airport interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20trends" title=" geographic trends"> geographic trends</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175606/unveiling-irregular-migration-an-evaluation-of-airport-interventions-and-geographic-trends-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1873</span> Deep Learning-Based Liver 3D Slicer for Image-Guided Therapy: Segmentation and Needle Aspiration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmedou%20Moulaye%20Idriss">Ahmedou Moulaye Idriss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tfeil%20Yahya"> Tfeil Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamas%20Ungi"> Tamas Ungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabor%20Fichtinger"> Gabor Fichtinger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Image-guided therapy (IGT) plays a crucial role in minimally invasive procedures for liver interventions. Accurate segmentation of the liver and precise needle placement is essential for successful interventions such as needle aspiration. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based liver 3D slicer designed to enhance segmentation accuracy and facilitate needle aspiration procedures. The developed 3D slicer leverages state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automatic liver segmentation in medical images. The CNN model is trained on a diverse dataset of liver images obtained from various imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The trained model demonstrates robust performance in accurately delineating liver boundaries, even in cases with anatomical variations and pathological conditions. Furthermore, the 3D slicer integrates advanced image registration techniques to ensure accurate alignment of preoperative images with real-time interventional imaging. This alignment enhances the precision of needle placement during aspiration procedures, minimizing the risk of complications and improving overall intervention outcomes. To validate the efficacy of the proposed deep learning-based 3D slicer, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted using a dataset of clinical cases. Quantitative metrics, including the Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance, are employed to assess the accuracy of liver segmentation. Additionally, the performance of the 3D slicer in guiding needle aspiration procedures is evaluated through simulated and clinical interventions. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed 3D slicer in achieving accurate liver segmentation and guiding needle aspiration procedures with high precision. The integration of deep learning techniques into the IGT workflow shows great promise for enhancing the efficiency and safety of liver interventions, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20segmentation" title=" liver segmentation"> liver segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20slicer" title=" 3D slicer"> 3D slicer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20guided%20therapy" title=" image guided therapy"> image guided therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needle%20aspiration" title=" needle aspiration"> needle aspiration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183469/deep-learning-based-liver-3d-slicer-for-image-guided-therapy-segmentation-and-needle-aspiration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1872</span> Cervical Cerclage and Neonatal Death</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zinah%20Jabbar%20Mohammed%20Alrubaye">Zinah Jabbar Mohammed Alrubaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of prophylactic and rescue cervical cerclages for pregnant patients with an incompetent cervix, and to assess the neonatal outcomes of both clinical conditions. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all women who had an elective or rescue cerclage between January 2008 and December 2016 in our hospital .Prophylactic cerclage was defined as a cerclage before 16 weeks of gestation, while rescue cerclages were performed between 16 and 23 weeks of gestation. Results: In total, we analyzed the outcomes of 212 cervical interventions; 71% of the recruited patients experienced prophylactic cerclage, while 29% underwent rescue cerclage. Most of the patients delivered vaginally (70%) and were able to leave the hospital with a healthy newborn (78%). The mean pregnancy prolongation time after cerclage in the prophylactic and rescue groups were 21 weeks and 10 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Prophylactic cerclage interventions are most likely to be associated with a reduction of fetal demise because of the correlation between fetal prognosis and the gestational age at which cerclage is performed. Once the diagnosis of cervical insufficiency is confirmed, cerclage should be recommended as this will help to prolong the pregnancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical" title="cervical">cervical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonate" title=" neonate"> neonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerclage" title=" cerclage"> cerclage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cervix" title=" Cervix"> Cervix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183092/cervical-cerclage-and-neonatal-death" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1871</span> How OXA GENE Expression is Implicated in the Treatment Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naomi%20Seidu">Naomi Seidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Poluyi"> Edward Poluyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chibuikem%20Ikwuegbuenyi"> Chibuikem Ikwuegbuenyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eghosa%20Morgan"> Eghosa Morgan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current poor prognosis of glioblastoma has called for the need for an improvement in treatment methods in order to improve its survival rate. Despite the different interventions currently available for this tumor, the average survival is still only a few months. (12-15). The aim is to create a more favorable prognosis and have a reduction in the resistance to treatment currently being experienced, even with surgical interventions and chemotherapy. From the available literature, there is a relationship between the presence of HOX genes (Homeobox genes) and glioblastoma, which could be attributable to the increasing treatment resistance. Hence silencing these genes can be a key to improving survival rates of glioblastoma. A series of studies have highlighted the role that HOX genes play in glioblastoma prognosis. Promotion of human glioblastoma initiation, aggressiveness, and resistance to Temozolomide has been associated with HOXA9. The role of HOX gene expression in cancer stem cells should be studied as it could provide a means of designing CSC-targeted therapies, as CSCs play a part in the initiation and progression of solid tumors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GBM-%20%20glioblastoma" title="GBM- glioblastoma">GBM- glioblastoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOXA%20gene-%20homeobox%20genes%20cluster" title=" HOXA gene- homeobox genes cluster"> HOXA gene- homeobox genes cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signaling%20pathways" title=" signaling pathways"> signaling pathways</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temozolomide" title=" temozolomide"> temozolomide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153813/how-oxa-gene-expression-is-implicated-in-the-treatment-resistance-and-poor-prognosis-in-glioblastoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1870</span> An Integrative Review on Effects of Educational Interventions for Children with Eczema</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Sze%20Cheng">Nam Sze Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Janita%20Chau"> P. C. Janita Chau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease with high global prevalence rates in many childhood populations. It is also the most common paediatric skin problem. Although eczema education and proper skin care were effective in controlling eczema symptoms, the lack of both sufficient time for patient consultation and structured eczema education programme hindered the transferability of knowledge to patients and their parents. As a result, these young patients and their families suffer from a significant physical disability and psychological distress, which can substantially impair their quality of life. Objectives: This integrative review is to examine the effects of educational interventions for children with eczema and identify the core elements associated with an effective intervention. Methods: This integrative review targeted all articles published in 10 databases between May 2016 and February 2017 that reported the outcomes of disease interventions of any format for children and adolescents with the clinical diagnosis of eczema who were under 18 years of age. Five randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one systematic review of 10 RCTs were identified for review. All these publications had high methodological quality, except one study of web-based eczema education that was limited by selection bias and poor subject blinding. Findings: This review found that most studies adopted nurse-led or multi-disciplinary parental eczema education programme at the outpatient clinic setting. The format of these programmes included individual lectures, demonstration and group sharing, and the educational materials covered basic eczema knowledge and management as well as methods to interrupt itch-scratch cycle. The main outcome measures of these studies included severity of eczema symptoms, treatment adherence and quality of life of both patients and their families. Nine included studies reported statistically significant improvement in the primary outcome of symptom severity of these eczematous children. On the other hand, all these reviews failed to identify an effective dosage of intervention under these educational programmes that was attributed to the heterogeneity of the interventions. One study that was designed based on the social cognitive theory to guide the interventional content yielded statistically significant results. The systematic review recommended the importance of measuring parental self-efficacy. Implication: This integrative review concludes that structured educational programme can help nurses understand the theories behind different health interventions. They can then deliver eczema education to their patients in a consistent manner. These interventions also result in behavioral changes through patient education. Due to the lack of validated educational programmes in Chinese, it is imperative to conduct an RCT of eczema educational programme to investigate its effects on eczema severity, quality of life and treatment adherence in Hong Kong children as well as to promote the importance of parental self-efficacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eczema" title=" eczema"> eczema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90889/an-integrative-review-on-effects-of-educational-interventions-for-children-with-eczema" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1869</span> Developing a Culturally Adapted Family Intervention for Relatives Living with Schizophrenia in Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziza%20Al-Sawafi">Aziza Al-Sawafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The evidence of family interventions in schizophrenia is robust primarily in high-income settings. However, they have been adapted to other settings and cultures to improve effectiveness and acceptability. In Oman, there is limited integration of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of schizophrenia. Therefore, the adaptation of family intervention to the Omani culture may facilitate its uptake. Most service users in Oman live with their families outside the healthcare system, and nothing is known about their experience, needs, or resources. Furthermore, understanding caregivers' and mental health professionals' preferences, perceptions, and experience is a fundamental element in the process of intervention development. Therefore, this study aims to develop a culturally sensitive, feasible, and acceptable family intervention for relatives living with schizophrenia in Oman. Method: The Medical Research Council's framework for the evaluation of complex health care interventions provided the conceptual structure for the study. The development phase was carried out, which involved three stages: 1) systematically reviewing the available literature regarding culturally adapted family interventions in the Arab world 2) In-depth interviews with caregivers to explore their experience and perceived needs and preferences regarding intervention 3) A focus group study involving health professionals to explore the acceptability and feasibility of delivering the family intervention in the Omani context. Data synthesis determined the design of the proposed intervention according to the findings obtained from the previous stages. Results: Stage one: The systematic review found limited evidence of culturally-adapted family interventions in the Arab region. However, the cultural adaptation process was comprehensive, and the implementation was reported to be feasible and acceptable. Stage two: The experience of family caregivers illuminated four main themes: burden, stigma, violence, and family needs. Burdens of care included objective and subjective burdens, positive feelings, and coping mechanisms. Caregivers gave their opinion about the content and preference of the intervention from their personal experiences. Stage three: mental health professionals discussed the delivery system of the intervention from a clinical standpoint concerning issues and barriers to implementation. They recommended modifications to the components of the intervention to ensure its acceptability and feasibility in the local setting. Data synthesis was carried out, and the intervention was designed. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the potential applicability and acceptability of a culturally sensitive family intervention for families of individuals with schizophrenia in Oman. However, more work needs to be done to test the feasibility of the study and overcome the practical challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural-adaptation" title="cultural-adaptation">cultural-adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20intervention" title=" family intervention"> family intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oman" title=" Oman"> Oman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schizophrenia" title=" schizophrenia"> schizophrenia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133318/developing-a-culturally-adapted-family-intervention-for-relatives-living-with-schizophrenia-in-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1868</span> A Meta-Analysis of School-Based Suicide Prevention for Adolescents and Meta-Regressions of Contextual and Intervention Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20H.%20Walsh">E. H. Walsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20McMahon"> J. McMahon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Herring"> M. P. Herring</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Post-primary school-based suicide prevention (PSSP) is a valuable avenue to reduce suicidal behaviours in adolescents. The aims of this meta-analysis and meta-regression were 1) to quantify the effect of PSSP interventions on adolescent suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA), and 2) to explore how intervention effects may vary based on important contextual and intervention factors. This study provides further support to the benefits of PSSP by demonstrating lower suicide outcomes in over 30,000 adolescents following PSSP and mental health interventions and tentatively suggests that intervention effectiveness may potentially vary based on intervention factors. The protocol for this study is registered on PROSPERO (ID=CRD42020168883). Population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (PICOs) defined eligible studies as cluster randomised studies (n=12) containing PSSP and measuring suicide outcomes. Aggregate electronic database EBSCO host, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. Cochrane bias tools for cluster randomised studies demonstrated that half of the studies were rated as low risk of bias. The Egger’s Regression Test adapted for multi-level modelling indicated that publication bias was not an issue (all ps > .05). Crude and corresponding adjusted pooled log odds ratios (OR) were computed using the Metafor package in R, yielding 12 SA and 19 SI effects. Multi-level random-effects models accounting for dependencies of effects from the same study revealed that in crude models, compared to controls, interventions were significantly associated with 13% (OR=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI), [0.78,0.96], Q18 =15.41, p=0.63) and 34% (OR=0.66, 95%CI [0.47,0.91], Q10=16.31, p=0.13) lower odds of SI and SA, respectively. Adjusted models showed similar odds reductions of 15% (OR=0.85, 95%CI[0.75,0.95], Q18=10.04, p=0.93) and 28% (OR=0.72, 95%CI[0.59,0.87], Q10=10.46, p=0.49) for SI and SA, respectively. Within-cluster heterogeneity ranged from no heterogeneity to low heterogeneity for SA across crude and adjusted models (0-9%). No heterogeneity was identified for SI across crude and adjusted models (0%). Pre-specified univariate moderator analyses were not significant for SA (all ps < 0.05). Variations in average pooled SA odds reductions across categories of various intervention characteristics were observed (all ps < 0.05), which preliminarily suggests that the effectiveness of interventions may potentially vary across intervention factors. These findings have practical implications for researchers, clinicians, educators, and decision-makers. Further investigation of important logical, theoretical, and empirical moderators on PSSP intervention effectiveness is recommended to establish how and when PSSP interventions best reduce adolescent suicidal behaviour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contextual%20factors" title=" contextual factors"> contextual factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-primary%20school-based%20suicide%20prevention" title=" post-primary school-based suicide prevention"> post-primary school-based suicide prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicide%20ideation" title=" suicide ideation"> suicide ideation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suicide%20attempts" title=" suicide attempts"> suicide attempts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128626/a-meta-analysis-of-school-based-suicide-prevention-for-adolescents-and-meta-regressions-of-contextual-and-intervention-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1867</span> Strategies to Promote Entrepreneurship Among University Students: A Case Study from Al Akhawayn University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20atibi">Sara atibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzeddine%20Atibi"> Azzeddine Atibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Ahmed"> Salim Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20El%20Kababi"> Khadija El Kababi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence of an entrepreneurial culture within academic institutions is increasingly seen as essential for preparing students for contemporary economic challenges. This study examines the effectiveness of educational programs and interventions aimed at promoting entrepreneurial spirit at Al Akhawayn University. The central issue explores the types of programs most efficient in instilling the necessary entrepreneurial skills and attitudes in students. The primary question about the ‘types of educational programs and interventions that are most effective in cultivating and reinforcing the entrepreneurial spirit among students at Al Akhawayn University' is broken down into sub-questions detailing the characteristics of current programs, factors influencing their success, the evolution of students' entrepreneurial skills, the role of teachers and mentors, best practices from other institutions, and the long-term impacts on graduates' entrepreneurial careers. To address this question, a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, was adopted. Quantitative data collection includes questionnaires and surveys designed to evaluate students' attitudes, skills, and perceptions before and after participating in entrepreneurship programs. Simultaneously, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observations provide in-depth qualitative data on the experiences of students, teachers, and administrators. Quantitative data analysis employs descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, while qualitative analysis uses a thematic approach to identify key perceptions and experiences. This triangulation of data ensures robust and comprehensive results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20entrepreneurship" title="student entrepreneurship">student entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogical%20interventions" title=" pedagogical interventions"> pedagogical interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20Akhawayn%20university" title=" Al Akhawayn university"> Al Akhawayn university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20culture" title=" entrepreneurial culture"> entrepreneurial culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20skills" title=" entrepreneurial skills"> entrepreneurial skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188351/strategies-to-promote-entrepreneurship-among-university-students-a-case-study-from-al-akhawayn-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1866</span> A Systematic Review on the Whole-Body Cryotherapy versus Control Interventions for Recovery of Muscle Function and Perceptions of Muscle Soreness Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Runners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Nolte">Michael Nolte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iwona%20Kasior"> Iwona Kasior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kala%20Flagg"> Kala Flagg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spiro%20Karavatas"> Spiro Karavatas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cryotherapy has been used as a post-exercise recovery modality for decades. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is an intervention which involves brief exposures to extremely cold air in order to induce therapeutic effects. It is currently being investigated for its effectiveness in treating certain exercise-induced impairments. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether WBC as a recovery intervention is more, less, or equally as effective as other interventions at reducing perceived levels of muscle soreness and promoting recovery of muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) from running. Methods: A systematic review of the current literature was performed utilizing the following MeSH terms: cryotherapy, whole-body cryotherapy, exercise-induced muscle damage, muscle soreness, muscle recovery, and running. The databases utilized were PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO Host, and Google Scholar. Articles were included if they were published within the last ten years, had a CEBM level of evidence of IIb or higher, had a PEDro scale score of 5 or higher, studied runners as primary subjects, and utilized both perceived levels of muscle soreness and recovery of muscle function as dependent variables. Articles were excluded if subjects did not include runners, if the interventions included PBC instead of WBC, and if both muscle performance and perceived muscle soreness were not assessed within the study. Results: Two of the four articles revealed that WBC was significantly more effective than treatment interventions such as far-infrared radiation and passive recovery at reducing perceived levels of muscle soreness and restoring muscle power and endurance following simulated trail runs and high-intensity interval running, respectively. One of the four articles revealed no significant difference between WBC and passive recovery in terms of reducing perceived muscle soreness and restoring muscle power following sprint intervals. One of the four articles revealed that WBC had a harmful effect compared to CWI and passive recovery on both perceived muscle soreness and recovery of muscle strength and power following a marathon. Discussion/Conclusion: Though there was no consensus in terms of WBC’s effectiveness at treating exercise-induced muscle damage following running compared to other interventions, it seems as though WBC may at least have a time-dependent positive effect on muscle soreness and recovery following high-intensity interval runs and endurance running, marathons excluded. More research needs to be conducted in order to determine the most effective way to implement WBC as a recovery method for exercise-induced muscle damage, including the optimal temperature, timing, duration, and frequency of treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryotherapy" title="cryotherapy">cryotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20therapy%20intervention" title=" physical therapy intervention"> physical therapy intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20therapy" title=" physical therapy"> physical therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20body%20cryotherapy" title=" whole body cryotherapy"> whole body cryotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138126/a-systematic-review-on-the-whole-body-cryotherapy-versus-control-interventions-for-recovery-of-muscle-function-and-perceptions-of-muscle-soreness-following-exercise-induced-muscle-damage-in-runners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1865</span> Effectiveness of Video Interventions for Perpetrators of Domestic Violence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Turhan">Zeynep Turhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital tools can improve knowledge and awareness of strategies and skills for healthy and respectful intimate relationships. The website of the Healthy and Respectful Relationship Program has been developed and included five key videos about how to build healthy intimate relationships. This study examined the perspectives about informative videos by focusing on how individuals learn new information or challenge their preconceptions or attitudes regarding male privilege and women's oppression. Five individuals who received no-contact orders and attended group intervention were the sample of this study. The observation notes were the major methodology examining how participants responded to video tools. The data analysis method was the interpretative phenomenological analysis. The results showed that many participants found the tools useful in learning the types of violence and communication strategies. Nevertheless, obstacles to implementing some techniques were found in their relationships. These digital tools might enhance healthy and respectful relationships despite some limitations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20relationship" title="healthy relationship">healthy relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20tools" title=" digital tools"> digital tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intimate%20partner%20violence" title=" intimate partner violence"> intimate partner violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpetrators" title=" perpetrators"> perpetrators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20interventions" title=" video interventions"> video interventions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165028/effectiveness-of-video-interventions-for-perpetrators-of-domestic-violence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1864</span> Lessons Learnt from a Patient with Pseudohyperkalaemia Secondary to Polycythaemia Rubra Vera in a Neuro-ICU Patient Resulting in Dangerous Interventions: Lessons Learnt on Patient Safety Improvement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinoo%20Kirthinanda">Dinoo Kirthinanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujani%20Wijeratne"> Sujani Wijeratne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pseudohyperkalaemia is a common benign in vitro phenomenon caused by the release of potassium ions (K+) from cells during specimen processing. Analysis of haemolysed blood samples for predominantly intracellular electrolytes may lead to re-investigation and potentially harmful interventions. We report a case of a 52-year male with myeloproliferative disease manifested as Polycythaemia Rubra Vera, Hypertension and hypertensive nephropathy with stage 3 chronic kidney disease admitted to Neuro-intensive care unit (NICU) with an intra-cerebral haemorrhage secondary to hypertensive bleed. His initial blood investigations showed hyperkalemia with serum K+ 6.2 mmol/L yet the bedside arterial blood gas analysis yielded K+ of 4.6 mmol/L. The patient was however given hyperkalemia regime twice based on venous electrolyte analysis. The discrepancy between the bedside electrolyte analysis using arterial blood and venous blood prompted further evaluation. The 12 lead Electrocardiogram showed U waves and sinus bradycardia corresponding to the serum K+ of 2.8 mmol/L on arterial blood gas analysis. Immediate K+ replacement ensured the patient did not develop life-threatening cardiac complications. Pseudohyperkalaemia may pose diagnostic challenges in the absence of detectable haemolysis and should be suspected in susceptible patients with normal Electrocardiogram and Glomerular Filtration Rate to avoid potentially life-threatening interventions. When in doubt, rapid analysis of arterial blood gas may be useful for accurate quantification of potassium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20safety" title="patient safety">patient safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudohyperkalaemia" title=" pseudohyperkalaemia"> pseudohyperkalaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemolysis" title=" haemolysis"> haemolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myeloproliferative%20disorder" title=" myeloproliferative disorder"> myeloproliferative disorder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105813/lessons-learnt-from-a-patient-with-pseudohyperkalaemia-secondary-to-polycythaemia-rubra-vera-in-a-neuro-icu-patient-resulting-in-dangerous-interventions-lessons-learnt-on-patient-safety-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1863</span> Preventive Interventions for Central Venous Catheter Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakob%20Renko">Jakob Renko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deja%20Praprotnik"> Deja Praprotnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Martinovi%C4%8D"> Kristina Martinovič</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Karnju%C5%A1"> Igor Karnjuš</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Catheter-related bloodstream infections are a major burden for healthcare and patients. Although infections of this type cannot be completely avoided, they can be reduced by taking preventive measures. The aim of this study is to review and analyze the existing literature on preventive interventions to prevent central venous catheters (CVC) infections. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out. The international databases CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using the search strategy: "catheter-related infections" AND "intensive care units" AND "prevention" AND "central venous catheter." Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The literature search flow is illustrated by the PRISMA diagram. The descriptive research method was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 554 search results, 22 surveys were included in the final analysis. We identified seven relevant preventive measures to prevent CVC infections: washing the whole body with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution, disinfecting the CVC entry site with CHG solution, use of CHG or silver dressings, alcohol protective caps, CVC care education, selecting appropriate catheter and multicomponent care bundles. Discussion and conclusions: Both single interventions and multicomponent care bundles have been shown to be currently effective measures to prevent CVC infections in adult patients in the ICU. None of the measures identified stood out in terms of their effectiveness. Prevention work to reduce CVC infections in the ICU is a complex process that requires the simultaneous consideration of several factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20venous%20access" title="central venous access">central venous access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critically%20ill%20patients" title=" critically ill patients"> critically ill patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital-acquired%20complications" title=" hospital-acquired complications"> hospital-acquired complications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163904/preventive-interventions-for-central-venous-catheter-infections-in-intensive-care-units-a-systematic-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1862</span> Grammatical Parallelism in the Qurʼān</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yehudit%20Dror">Yehudit Dror</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parallelism¬, or as it is called in Arabic, al-muqābala, occupies a central position in the rhetorical discipline of ʻilm al-bayān. Parallelism is used as a figure of textual ornamentation or embellishment and can be divided into several types that are based on the semantics of parallelism and its formative structure. Parallelism in Arabic has received a considerable amount of attention from the Arab rhetorician, which enables understanding the essence of parallelism in Arabic – its types, structure and meaning. However, there are some lacunae in their descriptions concerning the function and thematic restrictions of parallelism in the Qur’ān. In my presentation, which focuses on grammatical parallelism where the two stichos of the parallelism are the same with respect to syntax and morphology, I will show that parallelism has some important roles in the textual arrangement; it may, for example, conclude a thematic section, indicate a turning point in the text or to clarify what has been said previously. In addition, it will be shown that parallelism is not used randomly in the Qurʼān but rather is restricted to repeated themes which carry the most important messages of the Qurʼān, such as God's Might or behavioral patterns of the believers and the non-believers; or it can be used as a stylistic device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grammatical%20parallelism" title="grammatical parallelism">grammatical parallelism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=half-line" title=" half-line"> half-line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetry" title=" symmetry"> symmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koran" title=" Koran"> Koran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43495/grammatical-parallelism-in-the-quran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1861</span> A Real-Time Bayesian Decision-Support System for Predicting Suspect Vehicle’s Intended Target Using a Sparse Camera Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Mousavi">Payam Mousavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20L.%20Stewart"> Andrew L. Stewart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiwen%20You"> Huiwen You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aryeh%20F.%20G.%20Fayerman"> Aryeh F. G. Fayerman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a decision-support tool to assist an operator in the detection and tracking of a suspect vehicle traveling to an unknown target destination. Multiple data sources, such as traffic cameras, traffic information, weather, etc., are integrated and processed in real-time to infer a suspect’s intended destination chosen from a list of pre-determined high-value targets. Previously, we presented our work in the detection and tracking of vehicles using traffic and airborne cameras. Here, we focus on the fusion and processing of that information to predict a suspect’s behavior. The network of cameras is represented by a directional graph, where the edges correspond to direct road connections between the nodes and the edge weights are proportional to the average time it takes to travel from one node to another. For our experiments, we construct our graph based on the greater Los Angeles subset of the Caltrans’s “Performance Measurement System” (PeMS) dataset. We propose a Bayesian approach where a posterior probability for each target is continuously updated based on detections of the suspect in the live video feeds. Additionally, we introduce the concept of ‘soft interventions’, inspired by the field of Causal Inference. Soft interventions are herein defined as interventions that do not immediately interfere with the suspect’s movements; rather, a soft intervention may induce the suspect into making a new decision, ultimately making their intent more transparent. For example, a soft intervention could be temporarily closing a road a few blocks from the suspect’s current location, which may require the suspect to change their current course. The objective of these interventions is to gain the maximum amount of information about the suspect’s intent in the shortest possible time. Our system currently operates in a human-on-the-loop mode where at each step, a set of recommendations are presented to the operator to aid in decision-making. In principle, the system could operate autonomously, only prompting the operator for critical decisions, allowing the system to significantly scale up to larger areas and multiple suspects. Once the intended target is identified with sufficient confidence, the vehicle is reported to the authorities to take further action. Other recommendations include a selection of road closures, i.e., soft interventions, or to continue monitoring. We evaluate the performance of the proposed system using simulated scenarios where the suspect, starting at random locations, takes a noisy shortest path to their intended target. In all scenarios, the suspect’s intended target is unknown to our system. The decision thresholds are selected to maximize the chances of determining the suspect’s intended target in the minimum amount of time and with the smallest number of interventions. We conclude by discussing the limitations of our current approach to motivate a machine learning approach, based on reinforcement learning in order to relax some of the current limiting assumptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20surveillance" title="autonomous surveillance">autonomous surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20reasoning" title=" Bayesian reasoning"> Bayesian reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support" title=" decision support"> decision support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventions" title=" interventions"> interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patterns%20of%20life" title=" patterns of life"> patterns of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20analytics" title=" predictive analytics"> predictive analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20insights" title=" predictive insights"> predictive insights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136650/a-real-time-bayesian-decision-support-system-for-predicting-suspect-vehicles-intended-target-using-a-sparse-camera-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1860</span> Parent’s Preferences about Technology-Based Therapy for Children and Young People on the Autism Spectrum – a UK Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasia%20%20Kouroupa">Athanasia Kouroupa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Irvine"> Karen Irvine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivana%20Mengoni"> Sivana Mengoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20%20Sharma"> Shivani Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exploring parents’ preferences towards technology-based interventions for children on the autism spectrum can inform future research and support technology design. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of parents’ knowledge and preferences about innovative technology to support children on the autism spectrum. Survey data were collected from parents (n = 267) internationally. The survey included information about the use of conventional (e.g., smartphone, iPod, tablets) and non-conventional (e.g., virtual reality, robot) technologies. Parents appeared to prefer conventional technologies such as tablets and dislike non-conventional ones. They highlighted the positive contribution technology brought to the children’s lives during the pandemic. A few parents were equally concerned that the compulsory introduction of technology during the pandemic was associated with elongated time on devices. The data suggested that technology-based interventions are not widely known, need to be financially approachable and achieve a high standard of design to engage users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preferences" title=" preferences"> preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137140/parents-preferences-about-technology-based-therapy-for-children-and-young-people-on-the-autism-spectrum-a-uk-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1859</span> Parents of Kids with Type 1 Diabetes Sleep with Open Eyes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samereh%20Abdoli">Samereh Abdoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Vora"> Amit Vora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anusha%20Vora"> Anusha Vora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: To qualitatively investigate diabetes burnout in parents of children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) who shared their experiences through YouTube videos in order to inform future interventions and improve diabetes practice. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore YouTube videos. Of the 568 videos that were identified, only 9 videos met the inclusion criteria of the study. Results: After the videos were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis, it was revealed that parents shared common concerns and experiences and they translated into three main themes: I do not ever get a break, I am exhausted, I can’t burn out, and I just need a break Conclusion: All in all, the literature revealed that there are negative psychosocial outcomes associated with caring for a child with T1D, but there is a lack of information on diabetes burnout and how parents’ well-being are affected. Reports of self-neglect and sleep deprivation only confirm the need for intervention for parents of children with T1D. The hope with this study is that burnout can be recognized early on and appropriate interventions put in place to help parents cope with the stressors of caring for a child with a chronic disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes%20burnout" title="Diabetes burnout">Diabetes burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%201%20diabetes" title=" type 1 diabetes"> type 1 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99344/parents-of-kids-with-type-1-diabetes-sleep-with-open-eyes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1858</span> Using Project MIND - Math Is Not Difficult Strategies to Help Children with Autism Improve Mathematics Skills</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Fang%20Huang%20Su">Hui Fang Huang Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leanne%20Lai"> Leanne Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Fen%20Li"> Pei-Fen Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Hwei%20Ho"> Mei-Hwei Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Wen%20Chiu"> Yu-Wen Chiu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to provide a practical, systematic, and comprehensive intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A pilot study of quasi-experimental pre-post intervention with control group design was conducted to evaluate if the mathematical intervention (<em>Project MIND - Math Is Not Difficult</em>) increases the math comprehension of children with ASD Children with ASD in the primary grades (K-1, 2) participated in math interventions to enhance their math comprehension and cognitive ability. The Bracken basic concept scale was used to evaluate subjects’ language skills, cognitive development, and school readiness. The study found that our systemic interventions of Project MIND significantly improved the mathematical and cognitive abilities in children with autism. The results of this study may lead to a major change in effective and adequate health care services for children with ASD and their families. All statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25 for Windows. The significant level was set at 0.05 P-value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119042/using-project-mind-math-is-not-difficult-strategies-to-help-children-with-autism-improve-mathematics-skills" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1857</span> Sexual Harassment at University: Male Students' Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakila%20Singh">Shakila Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sexual harassment continues to be a problem both in educational institutions and workplaces with the main victims being women and the main perpetrators being men. The achievement of quality education demands to create safe learning spaces for all students and requires extensive and integrated interventions. This article draws on the data from a broader study that aims to create safer learning environments at university by addressing gender violence. It attempts to understand male students’ perspectives about their role in sexual harassment on the campus. It is a move away from interventions that place the responsibility of prevention of sexual harassment, on women. The study adopts an interpretive paradigm within a qualitative approach. The sample comprises twenty male university students who were purposively selected because they live in the campus residences. The main data generation methods included focus group discussions and individual interviews. Findings show that while many male students agree that victims of sexual harassment are mainly women, they also suggest that men are victims of sexual harassment by women. Male students have varying understandings of what constitutes sexual harassment. They position themselves as victims who feel harassed by women’s dress and behaviour. Male students also felt under pressure by sexual advances made by women that forced them to comply in order to protect their masculinity. This article argues that social norms of masculinity are powerful drivers of behaviour that play a key role in the perpetuation of sexual harassment. Male students who feel strongly against sexual harassment of female students are constrained by their masculinities in their ability to act against it. Effective interventions need to actively engage students in reflecting on and challenging social and cultural norms that contribute to violent expressions and to develop alternatives with them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20violence" title="gender violence">gender violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male%20students" title=" male students"> male students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20harassment" title=" sexual harassment"> sexual harassment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85800/sexual-harassment-at-university-male-students-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1856</span> The Interventions to Parents Caring Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wing%20Chi%20Wong">Wing Chi Wong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, studying parents caring for children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is valuable in order to design measures in supporting those parents by health care providers and government. Such parents in Hong Kong seem to encounter detrimental stress and enormous difficulties which are exacerbated by the traditional Chinese culture, exclusion from social members and fiercely competitive educational system. However, seldom studies scrutinize this issue in Hong Kong. This article aims to review the literature regarding parents caring offsprings with ADHD in Hong Kong. Criteria were set for searching among published studies listed in various databases, including MEDLINE, CINCAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Embase, Cochrane Library and Springer Link. Articles with words 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder', 'parenting', 'parent', 'family', 'father', 'mother', 'care' in titles and abstracts were identified. Articles with all types of research designs and methods, regardless in English or Chinese, were included. They were limited to years between January 2008 and September 2018. Four relevant studies have resulted. Of them, two were exploratory studies, one was a qualitative study, and one was a survey. Samples were recruited from child psychiatric clinic, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, or multiple family group therapy centres. Authors proclaimed that quality of life of those parents was usually low; particularly mothers perceived a higher stress than fathers; parenting barriers existed; conflicts were commonly raised in parent-child relationship resulting in probable maltreatment to children. Previous studies generally suggested the potential negative outcomes of parents caring children with ADHD. The types and effectiveness of interventions to those parents on relieving their tortures under Hong Kong context had not been explored and systematically evaluated. The scanty studies and existing understanding could not give a promising conclusion pertaining to the appropriate family intervention to parents living with children with ADHD. A stringent research design is necessary to establish evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for those families. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention%20deficit%2F%20hyperactivity%20disorder" title="attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder">attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Kong" title=" Hong Kong"> Hong Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventions" title=" interventions"> interventions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100709/the-interventions-to-parents-caring-children-with-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1855</span> The Acute Effects of Higher Versus Lower Load Duration and Intensity on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of the Healthy Achilles Tendon: A Randomized Crossover Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Merza">Eman Merza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Pearson"> Stephen Pearson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glen%20Lichtwark"> Glen Lichtwark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Malliaras"> Peter Malliaras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Achilles tendon (AT) exhibits volume changes related to fluid flow under acute load which may be linked to changes in stiffness. Fluid flow provides a mechanical signal for cellular activity and may be one mechanism that facilitates tendon adaptation. This study aimed to investigate whether isometric intervention involving a high level of load duration and intensity could maximize the immediate reduction in AT volume and stiffness compared to interventions involving a lower level of load duration and intensity. Sixteen healthy participants (12 males, 4 females; age= 24.4 ± 9.4 years; body mass= 70.9 ± 16.1 kg; height= 1.7 ± 0.1 m) performed three isometric interventions of varying levels of load duration (2 s and 8 s) and intensity (35% and 75% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) over a 3 week period. Freehand 3D ultrasound was used to measure free AT volume (at rest) and length (at 35%, 55%, and 75% of maximum plantarflexion force) pre- and post-interventions. The slope of the force-elongation curve over these force levels represented individual stiffness (N/mm). Large reductions in free AT volume and stiffness resulted in response to long-duration high-intensity loading whilst less reduction was produced with a lower load intensity. In contrast, no change in free AT volume and a small increase in AT stiffness occurred with lower load duration. These findings suggest that the applied load on the AT must be heavy and sustained for a long duration to maximize immediate volume reduction, which might be an acute response that enables optimal long-term tendon adaptation via mechanotransduction pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achilles%20tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume" title=" volume"> volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20tendon" title=" free tendon"> free tendon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20ultrasound" title=" 3d ultrasound"> 3d ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161744/the-acute-effects-of-higher-versus-lower-load-duration-and-intensity-on-morphological-and-mechanical-properties-of-the-healthy-achilles-tendon-a-randomized-crossover-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1854</span> Exploration of FOMO, or the 'Fear of Missing out' and the Use of Mindfulness and Values-Based Interventions for Alleviating Its Effects and Bolstering Well-Being</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chasity%20O%27Connell">Chasity O'Connell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of social media and networking sites play a significant role in the lives of adolescents and adults. While research supports that social support and connectedness in general is beneficial; the nature of communication and interaction through social media and its subsequent benefits and impacts could be arguably different. As such, this research aims to explore a specific facet of social media interaction called fear of missing out, or 'FOMO' and investigate its relationship within the context of life stressors, social media usage, anxiety and depressive-symptoms, mindfulness, and psychological well-being. FOMO is the 'uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you’re missing out—that your peers are doing, in the know about, or in possession of more or something better than you'. Research suggests that FOMO can influence an individual’s level of engagement with friends and social media consumption, drive decisions on participating in various online or offline activities, and ultimately impact mental health. This study hopes to explore the potentially mitigating influence of mindfulness and values-based interventions in reducing the discomfort and distress that can accompany FOMO and increase the sense of psychological well-being in allowing for a more thoughtful and deliberate engagement in life. This study will include an intervention component wherein participants (comprised of university students and adults in the community) will partake in a six-week, group-based intervention focusing on learning practical mindfulness skills and values-exploration exercises (along with a waitlist control group). In doing so, researchers hope to understand if interventions centered on increasing one’s awareness of the present moment and one’s internal values impact decision-making and well-being with regard to social interaction and relationships. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FOMO" title="FOMO">FOMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindfulness" title=" mindfulness"> mindfulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=values" title=" values"> values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20well-being" title=" psychological well-being"> psychological well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distress" title=" distress"> distress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73069/exploration-of-fomo-or-the-fear-of-missing-out-and-the-use-of-mindfulness-and-values-based-interventions-for-alleviating-its-effects-and-bolstering-well-being" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1853</span> Personalized Intervention through Causal Inference in mHealth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Guitart%20Atienza">Anna Guitart Atienza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20del%20R%C3%ADo"> Ana Fernández del Río</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhav%20Nekkar"> Madhav Nekkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Ljubicic"> Jelena Ljubicic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81frica%20Peri%C3%A1%C3%B1ez"> África Periáñez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eura%20Shin"> Eura Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lauren%20Bellhouse"> Lauren Bellhouse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of digital devices in healthcare or mobile health (mHealth) has increased in recent years due to the advances in digital technology, making it possible to nudge healthy behaviors through individual interventions. In addition, mHealth is becoming essential in poor-resource settings due to the widespread use of smartphones in areas where access to professional healthcare is limited. In this work, we evaluate mHealth interventions in low-income countries with a focus on causal inference. Counterfactuals estimation and other causal computations are key to determining intervention success and assisting in empirical decision-making. Our main purpose is to personalize treatment recommendations and triage patients at the individual level in order to maximize the entire intervention's impact on the desired outcome. For this study, collected data includes mHealth individual logs from front-line healthcare workers, electronic health records (EHR), and external variables data such as environmental, demographic, and geolocation information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causal%20inference" title="causal inference">causal inference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mHealth" title=" mHealth"> mHealth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalization" title=" personalization"> personalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133558/personalized-intervention-through-causal-inference-in-mhealth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1852</span> Systemic Family therapy in the Queensland Foster Care System: The implementation of Integrative Practice as a Purposeful Intervention Implemented with Complex ‘Family’ Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Jones">Rachel Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Systemic Family therapy in the Queensland Foster Care System is the implementation of Integrative Practice as a purposeful intervention implemented with complex ‘family’ systems (by expanding the traditional concept of family to include all relevant stakeholders for a child) and is shown to improve the overall wellbeing of children (with developmental delays and trauma) in Queensland out of home care contexts. The importance of purposeful integrative practice in the field of systemic family therapy has been highlighted in achieving change in complex family systems. Essentially, it is the purposeful use of multiple interventions designed to meet the myriad of competing needs apparent for a child (with developmental delays resulting from early traumatic experiences - both in utero and in their early years) and their family. In the out-of-home care context, integrative practice is particularly useful to promote positive change for the child and what is an extended concept of whom constitutes their family. Traditionally, a child’s family may have included biological and foster care family members, but when this concept is extended to include all their relevant stakeholders (including biological family, foster carers, residential care workers, child safety, school representatives, Health and Allied Health staff, police and youth justice staff), the use of integrative family therapy can produce positive change for the child in their overall wellbeing, development, risk profile, social and emotional functioning, mental health symptoms and relationships across domains. By tailoring therapeutic interventions that draw on systemic family therapies from the first and second-order schools of family therapy, neurobiology, solution focussed, trauma-informed, play and art therapy, and narrative interventions, disability/behavioural interventions, clinicians can promote change by mixing therapeutic modalities with the individual and their stakeholders. This presentation will unpack the implementation of systemic family therapy using this integrative approach to formulation and treatment for a child in out-of-home care in Queensland (experiencing developmental delays resulting from trauma). It considers the need for intervention for the individual and in the context of the environment and relationships. By reviewing a case example, this study aims to highlight the simultaneous and successful use of pharmacological interventions, psychoeducational programs for carers and school staff, parenting programs, cognitive-behavioural and trauma-informed interventions, traditional disability approaches, play therapy, mapping genograms and meaning-making, and using family and dyadic sessions for the system associated with the foster child. These elements of integrative systemic family practice have seen success in the reduction of symptoms and improved overall well-being of foster children and their stakeholders. Accordingly, a model for best practice using this integrative systemic approach is presented for this population group and preliminary findings for this approach over four years of local data have been reviewed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20family%20therapy" title="systemic family therapy">systemic family therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treating%20families%20of%20children%20with%20delays" title=" treating families of children with delays"> treating families of children with delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20and%20attachment%20in%20families%20systems" title=" trauma and attachment in families systems"> trauma and attachment in families systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving%20practice%20and%20functioning%20of%20children%20and%20families" title=" improving practice and functioning of children and families"> improving practice and functioning of children and families</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193179/systemic-family-therapy-in-the-queensland-foster-care-system-the-implementation-of-integrative-practice-as-a-purposeful-intervention-implemented-with-complex-family-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1851</span> The Role of Public Representatives and Legislatures in Strengthening HIV and AIDS Prevention Strategies: The Case of South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Mncwabe">Moses Mncwabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both Public Representatives and Legislatures have an imperative role towards strengthening interventions to reduce and cease Sexual Transmitted Infections (STIs) specifically the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Scaling-up constituency work in support of interventions earmarked for mitigating the compromising socio-economic impacts of advanced HIV is extremely essential. Though the antiretroviral treatment (ART) has saved million lives that would have perished without it, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (2012) states that more efforts should be redirected to prevention strategies to close the tap of new infections. It is against this backdrop that Legislatures as law making institutions have undisputed role to play in HIV alleviation because of the position they occupy in the society. Furthermore, Public Representatives are arguably idolised by young people for the role they play hence it is incumbent upon them to use their moral and political responsibility to aid the interventions for HIV prevention (Inter-Parliamentary Union, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS & United Nations Development Programme, 2007). Moreover, the continuous HIV infection and its devastating effects specifically in Southern African region has brought closer the disease to public representatives and demanded calculated interventions warranting both public representatives and legislatures to be more visible in various ways such as taking HIV counselling and testing publicly, oversight, reducing stigma and discrimination, partnering with civil society organisations (CSOs) and facilitating debates on HIV across parliamentary and social platforms. The effects of advanced HIV yearn for public representatives to be seen, accessed, felt, engaged, partnered and lobbied for pro-human rights legislations and ideal oversight to coerce the executive to deliver on their core responsibilities like providing basic services to the electorates (AIDS Law Project (2003). The National Democratic Institute for International Affairs and the Southern African Development Community Parliamentary Forum (2004) assert that the omission of Public Representatives and Legislatures in the HIV prevention agenda is a serious deficiency in the fight against HIV and AIDS. In light of this, this paper argues the innovative and legislative ways in which both the Public Representative and the Legislatures should play in HIV prevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legislature" title="legislature">legislature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20representative" title=" public representative"> public representative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oversight" title=" oversight"> oversight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20and%20AIDS" title=" HIV and AIDS"> HIV and AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constituency" title=" constituency"> constituency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20delivery" title=" service delivery "> service delivery </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22512/the-role-of-public-representatives-and-legislatures-in-strengthening-hiv-and-aids-prevention-strategies-the-case-of-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1850</span> Renewed Urban Waterfront: Spatial Conditions of a Contemporary Urban Space Typology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beate%20Niemann">Beate Niemann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20Pramel"> Fabian Pramel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formerly industrially or militarily used Urban Waterfront is a potential area for urban development. Extensive interventions in the urban space come along with the development of these previously inaccessible areas in the city. The development of the Urban Waterfront in the European City is not subject to any recognizable urban paradigm. In this study, the development of the Urban Waterfront as a new urban space typology is analyzed by case studies of Urban Waterfront developments in European Cities. For humans, perceptible spatial conditions are categorized and it is identified whether the themed Urban Waterfront Developments are congruent or incongruent urban design interventions and which deviations the Urban Waterfront itself induce. As congruent urban design, a design is understood, which fits in the urban fabric regarding its similar spatial conditions to the surrounding. Incongruent urban design, however, shows significantly different conditions in its shape. Finally, the spatial relationship of the themed Urban Waterfront developments and their associated environment are compared in order to identify contrasts between new and old urban space. In this way, conclusions about urban design paradigms of the new urban space typology are tried to be drawn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title="composition">composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congruence" title=" congruence"> congruence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paradigm" title=" paradigm"> paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20condition" title=" spatial condition"> spatial condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20waterfront" title=" urban waterfront"> urban waterfront</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58261/renewed-urban-waterfront-spatial-conditions-of-a-contemporary-urban-space-typology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formative%20interventions&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formative%20interventions&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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