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cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad1.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/zephaniah/2-15.htm" title="Zephaniah 2:15">◄</a> Zephaniah 3:1 <a href="/zephaniah/3-2.htm" title="Zephaniah 3:2">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/zephaniah/3.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/zephaniah/3.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />Woe to the city of oppressors, rebellious and defiled!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/zephaniah/3.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />What sorrow awaits rebellious, polluted Jerusalem, the city of violence and crime!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/zephaniah/3.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and defiled, the oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/zephaniah/3.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />Woe to the city of oppressors, rebellious and defiled!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/zephaniah/3.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/zephaniah/3.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and polluted, To the oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/zephaniah/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and defiled, The oppressive city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/zephaniah/3.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and defiled, The tyrannical city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/zephaniah/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and defiled, The tyrannical city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/zephaniah/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and defiled, The oppressive city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/zephaniah/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Woe (judgment is coming) to her who is rebellious and defiled, The tyrannical city [Jerusalem]!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/zephaniah/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Woe to the city that is rebellious and defiled, the oppressive city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/zephaniah/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Woe to the city that is rebellious and defiled, the oppressive city! <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/zephaniah/3.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />Woe to her that is rebellious and polluted! to the oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/zephaniah/3.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />Too bad for that disgusting, corrupt, and lawless city! <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/zephaniah/3.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />Woe to her that is rebellious and polluted, to the oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/zephaniah/3.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />How horrible it will be for that rebellious and corrupt place, the city of violence.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/zephaniah/3.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />Jerusalem is doomed, that corrupt, rebellious city that oppresses its own people. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/zephaniah/3.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Woe to this filthy, polluted, and oppressive city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/zephaniah/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />Woe to the city of oppressors, rebellious and defiled!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/zephaniah/3.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />The filthy, stained city is as good as dead; the city filled with oppressors is finished! <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/zephaniah/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and polluted, the oppressing city.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/zephaniah/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/zephaniah/3.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Woe to her who is rebellious and polluted, the oppressing city! <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/zephaniah/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />Woe [to] the rebelling and defiling, "" The oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/zephaniah/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> Woe to the rebellious and polluted, The oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/zephaniah/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />Wo! to the wonderful and oppressing city being redeemed.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/zephaniah/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />Woe to the provoking, and redeemed city, the dove. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/zephaniah/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />Woe to the provocatrix and the redeemed city, the dove.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/zephaniah/3.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Ah! Rebellious and polluted, the tyrannical city! <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/zephaniah/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Ah, soiled, defiled, oppressing city!<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/zephaniah/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />OH, the famous city, the saved city; the city of Jonah!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/zephaniah/3.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />Oh, famous city and the redeemed city of Yonan!<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/zephaniah/3.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, To the oppressing city!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/zephaniah/3.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />Alas the glorious and ransomed city.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/T0cd_1JKnyY?start=417" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/zephaniah/3.htm">The Judgment on Jerusalem</a></span><br> <span class="reftext">1</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/1945.htm" title="1945: hō·w (Interjection) -- Ah! alas! ha! A prolonged form of how; oh!">Woe</a> <a href="/hebrew/5892.htm" title="5892: hā·‘îr (Art:: N-fs) -- Excitement. Or par; or ayar; from uwr a city in the widest sense.">to the city</a> <a href="/hebrew/3238.htm" title="3238: hay·yō·w·nāh (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-fs) -- To oppress, maltreat, perhaps suppress. A primitive root; to rage or be violent: by implication, to suppress, to maltreat.">of oppressors,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4754.htm" title="4754: mō·rə·’āh (V-Qal-Prtcpl-fs) -- Perhaps to flap (the wings). A primitive root; to rebel; hence to whip, i.e. Lash.">rebellious</a> <a href="/hebrew/1351.htm" title="1351: wə·niḡ·’ā·lāh (Conj-w:: V-Nifal-Prtcpl-fs) -- To defile. A primitive root,; to soil or desecrate.">and defiled!</a> </span><span class="reftext">2</span>She heeded no voice; she accepted no correction. She does not trust in the LORD; she has not drawn near to her God.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/1-4.htm">Isaiah 1:4</a></span><br />Alas, O sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a brood of evildoers, children who act corruptly! They have forsaken the LORD; they have despised the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on Him.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/6-6.htm">Jeremiah 6:6-8</a></span><br />For this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Cut down the trees and raise a siege ramp against Jerusalem. This city must be punished; there is nothing but oppression in her midst. / As a well gushes its water, so she pours out her evil. Violence and destruction resound in her; sickness and wounds are ever before Me. / Be forewarned, O Jerusalem, or I will turn away from you; I will make you a desolation, a land without inhabitant.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/22-2.htm">Ezekiel 22:2-4</a></span><br />“As for you, son of man, will you judge her? Will you pass judgment on the city of bloodshed? Then confront her with all her abominations / and tell her that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘O city who brings her own doom by shedding blood within her walls and making idols to defile herself, / you are guilty of the blood you have shed, and you are defiled by the idols you have made. You have brought your days to a close and have come to the end of your years. Therefore I have made you a reproach to the nations and a mockery to all the lands.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/micah/3-9.htm">Micah 3:9-12</a></span><br />Now hear this, O leaders of the house of Jacob and rulers of the house of Israel, who despise justice and pervert all that is right, / who build Zion with bloodshed and Jerusalem with iniquity. / Her leaders judge for a bribe, her priests teach for a price, and her prophets practice divination for money. Yet they lean upon the LORD, saying, “Is not the LORD among us? No disaster can come upon us.” ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hosea/7-1.htm">Hosea 7:1-2</a></span><br />When I heal Israel, the iniquity of Ephraim will be exposed, as well as the crimes of Samaria. For they practice deceit and thieves break in; bandits raid in the streets. / But they fail to consider in their hearts that I remember all their evil. Now their deeds are all around them; they are before My face.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/amos/3-9.htm">Amos 3:9-10</a></span><br />Proclaim to the citadels of Ashdod and to the citadels of Egypt: “Assemble on the mountains of Samaria; see the great unrest in the city and the acts of oppression in her midst.” / “For they know not how to do right,” declares the LORD. “They store up violence and destruction in their citadels.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nahum/3-1.htm">Nahum 3:1-4</a></span><br />Woe to the city of blood, full of lies, full of plunder, never without prey. / The crack of the whip, the rumble of the wheel, galloping horse and bounding chariot! / Charging horseman, flashing sword, shining spear; heaps of slain, mounds of corpses, dead bodies without end—they stumble over their dead— ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/lamentations/1-8.htm">Lamentations 1:8</a></span><br />Jerusalem has sinned greatly; therefore she has become an object of scorn. All who honored her now despise her, for they have seen her nakedness; she herself groans and turns away.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/23-37.htm">Matthew 23:37</a></span><br />O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were unwilling!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/13-34.htm">Luke 13:34</a></span><br />O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her, how often I have longed to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were unwilling!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/3-9.htm">Romans 3:9-18</a></span><br />What then? Are we any better? Not at all. For we have already made the charge that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin. / As it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one. / There is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/18-2.htm">Revelation 18:2-3</a></span><br />And he cried out in a mighty voice: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons and a haunt for every unclean spirit, every unclean bird, and every detestable beast. / All the nations have drunk the wine of the passion of her immorality. The kings of the earth were immoral with her, and the merchants of the earth have grown wealthy from the extravagance of her luxury.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/59-7.htm">Isaiah 59:7-8</a></span><br />Their feet run to evil; they are swift to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are sinful thoughts; ruin and destruction lie in their wake. / The way of peace they have not known, and there is no justice in their tracks. They have turned them into crooked paths; no one who treads on them will know peace.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/5-23.htm">Jeremiah 5:23-25</a></span><br />But these people have stubborn and rebellious hearts. They have turned aside and gone away. / They have not said in their hearts, ‘Let us fear the LORD our God, who gives the rains, both autumn and spring, in season, who keeps for us the appointed weeks of harvest.’ / Your iniquities have diverted these from you; your sins have deprived you of My bounty.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/24-6.htm">Ezekiel 24:6-9</a></span><br />Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Woe to the city of bloodshed, to the pot now rusted, whose rust will not come off! Empty it piece by piece; cast no lots for its contents. / For the blood she shed is still within her; she poured it out on the bare rock; she did not pour it on the ground to cover it with dust. / In order to stir up wrath and take vengeance, I have placed her blood on the bare rock, so that it would not be covered.’ ...</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!</p><p class="hdg">her that is filthy.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/leviticus/1-16.htm">Leviticus 1:16</a></b></br> And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes:</p><p class="hdg">to the.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/5-7.htm">Isaiah 5:7</a></b></br> For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts <i>is</i> the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/30-12.htm">Isaiah 30:12</a></b></br> Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel, Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon:</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/59-13.htm">Isaiah 59:13</a></b></br> In transgressing and lying against the LORD, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/zephaniah/2-15.htm">City</a> <a href="/hosea/9-9.htm">Corrupted</a> <a href="/habakkuk/1-8.htm">Cruel</a> <a href="/micah/4-11.htm">Defiled</a> <a href="/ezekiel/24-13.htm">Filthy</a> <a href="/jeremiah/50-16.htm">Oppressing</a> <a href="/jeremiah/30-20.htm">Oppressors</a> <a href="/micah/4-11.htm">Polluted</a> <a href="/micah/7-18.htm">Rebellious</a> <a href="/zephaniah/2-5.htm">Sorrow</a> <a href="/proverbs/28-16.htm">Tyrannical</a> <a href="/micah/4-11.htm">Unclean</a> <a href="/hosea/4-16.htm">Uncontrolled</a> <a href="/habakkuk/2-12.htm">Wo</a> <a href="/zephaniah/2-5.htm">Woe</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/zechariah/2-4.htm">City</a> <a href="/zephaniah/3-7.htm">Corrupted</a> <a href="/zechariah/9-8.htm">Cruel</a> <a href="/haggai/2-13.htm">Defiled</a> <a href="/zechariah/3-3.htm">Filthy</a> <a href="/exodus/3-9.htm">Oppressing</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/33-7.htm">Oppressors</a> <a href="/zephaniah/3-4.htm">Polluted</a> <a href="/zechariah/7-11.htm">Rebellious</a> <a href="/zephaniah/3-18.htm">Sorrow</a> <a href="/proverbs/28-16.htm">Tyrannical</a> <a href="/zephaniah/3-4.htm">Unclean</a> <a href="/matthew/23-25.htm">Uncontrolled</a> <a href="/zechariah/11-17.htm">Wo</a> <a href="/zechariah/11-17.htm">Woe</a><div class="vheading2">Zephaniah 3</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/zephaniah/3-1.htm">A sharp reproof of Jerusalem for various sins.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/zephaniah/3-8.htm">An exhortation to wait for the restoration of Israel,</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/zephaniah/3-14.htm">and to rejoice for their salvation by God.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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In this context, it is directed towards Jerusalem, a city that had become corrupt and oppressive. The city of oppressors refers to the leaders and inhabitants who exploited the vulnerable, contrary to God's commands for justice and righteousness. This echoes the warnings given by other prophets, such as Isaiah and Jeremiah, who also condemned the social injustices and moral decay in Jerusalem. The oppression here is not only social but also spiritual, as the leaders led the people away from God's laws.<p><b>rebellious</b><br>Rebellion against God is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, where Israel is often depicted as a wayward nation. This rebellion is not just political but spiritual, as the people turned away from God's covenant and pursued idolatry and pagan practices. The rebellion of Jerusalem is reminiscent of the Israelites' repeated disobedience during their wilderness journey and the period of the Judges. This phrase highlights the city's refusal to heed prophetic warnings and return to God, leading to its downfall.<p><b>and defiled!</b><br>Defilement in a biblical sense often refers to ritual impurity and moral corruption. Jerusalem, once a holy city, had become defiled through idolatry, injustice, and the shedding of innocent blood. This defilement made the city unfit for God's presence, as seen in the temple's desecration. The concept of defilement is significant in the Levitical laws, where purity was essential for worship and community life. The defilement of Jerusalem serves as a type of the greater defilement of humanity, which is ultimately cleansed through the redemptive work of Jesus Christ, who restores purity and holiness to those who believe.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_city.htm">The City</a></b><br>This refers to Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, which had become corrupt and rebellious against God. It symbolizes a place that was once holy but has turned away from its intended purpose.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/o/oppressors.htm">Oppressors</a></b><br>These are the leaders and people in positions of power within the city who exploit and mistreat others, contrary to God's commands for justice and righteousness.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/r/rebellious.htm">Rebellious</a></b><br>This term describes the city's attitude towards God, indicating a willful disobedience and refusal to follow His laws and commands.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/d/defiled.htm">Defiled</a></b><br>This signifies the spiritual and moral corruption that has permeated the city, making it impure in the sight of God.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/z/zephaniah.htm">Zephaniah</a></b><br>The prophet who delivers God's message of judgment and hope. His role is to call the people back to faithfulness and warn them of the consequences of their actions.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/t/the_danger_of_rebellion.htm">The Danger of Rebellion</a></b><br>Rebellion against God leads to spiritual and moral decay. We must examine our lives for areas where we may be resisting God's authority and seek repentance.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_leadership.htm">The Role of Leadership</a></b><br>Those in positions of power have a responsibility to lead with justice and righteousness. We should pray for our leaders and hold them accountable to God's standards.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_call_to_purity.htm">The Call to Purity</a></b><br>Spiritual defilement can occur when we allow sin to take root in our lives. We must strive for purity by aligning our actions and thoughts with God's Word.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_justice_and_mercy.htm">God's Justice and Mercy</a></b><br>While God pronounces judgment on the rebellious, His ultimate desire is for repentance and restoration. We should be encouraged by His willingness to forgive and restore those who turn back to Him.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_zephaniah_3.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Zephaniah 3</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/records_support_zephaniah_3_events.htm">Are there any historical or archaeological records supporting the specific judgments and restorations mentioned in Zephaniah 3? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_does_zephaniah_3_show_harsh_punishment.htm">Why does Zephaniah 3 depict divine punishment that seems inconsistent with a benevolent deity found elsewhere in the Bible? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_to_reconcile_zephaniah_3_17_with_wrath.htm">How do we reconcile Zephaniah 3:17's depiction of a rejoicing God with earlier passages describing severe wrath and destruction?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_ongoing_unrest_if_zephaniah_3_fulfilled.htm">If Zephaniah 3's prophecies were fully realized, why do some biblical texts and modern events suggest ongoing judgment and unrest instead of lasting peace?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/zephaniah/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verses 1-5.</span> - § 6. <span class="accented">The prophet turns to Jerusalem, and warns her that, if God punishes the heathen, he will not spare the hardened sinners in Judah.</span> <span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 1.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Woe to her!</span> This is addressed to Jerusalem, as is seen by vers. 2-4. <span class="cmt_word">Filthy</span>; rather, <span class="accented">rebellious, i.e.</span> against God. The LXX., mistaking the word, renders <span class="greek">ἐπιφανής</span>, "notable." So the Syriac. Jerome has <span class="accented">provocatrix.</span> The true sense is seen by the expansion of the term in ver. 2. polluted by her many sins. Jerome, following the Septuagint <span class="greek">ἀπολευτρωμένη</span>, "ransomed," has, <span class="accented">redempta</span>, which he explains, "Captivitatibus traditia, et rursum redempta." The oppressing city, that acts unjustly and cruelly to the weak and poor. So the three sins for which she is here denounced are that she is rebellious against God, defiled with sin in herself, and cruel to others. The Septuagiut and Vulgate translate <span class="accented">jonah</span> ("oppressing") "dove," which seems singularly inappropriate here, though some try to explain it as applied to Jerusalem in the sense of "silly" or "stupid" (<a href="/hosea/7-11.htm">Hosea 7:11</a>) <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">Woe</span><br /><span class="heb">ה֥וֹי</span> <span class="translit">(hō·w)</span><br /><span class="parse">Interjection<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1945.htm">Strong's 1945: </a> </span><span class="str2">Ah! alas! ha!</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to the city</span><br /><span class="heb">הָעִ֖יר</span> <span class="translit">(hā·‘îr)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5892.htm">Strong's 5892: </a> </span><span class="str2">Excitement</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of oppressors,</span><br /><span class="heb">הַיּוֹנָֽה׃</span> <span class="translit">(hay·yō·w·nāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3238.htm">Strong's 3238: </a> </span><span class="str2">To rage, be violent, to suppress, to maltreat</span><br /><br /><span class="word">rebellious</span><br /><span class="heb">מֹרְאָ֖ה</span> <span class="translit">(mō·rə·’āh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4754.htm">Strong's 4754: </a> </span><span class="str2">Perhaps to flap (the wings)</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and defiled!</span><br /><span class="heb">וְנִגְאָלָ֑ה</span> <span class="translit">(wə·niḡ·’ā·lāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Participle - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1351.htm">Strong's 1351: </a> </span><span class="str2">To soil, desecrate</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/zephaniah/3-1.htm">Zephaniah 3:1 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/zephaniah/3-1.htm">OT Prophets: Zephaniah 3:1 Woe to her who is rebellious (Zeph. Zep Zp) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/zephaniah/2-15.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Zephaniah 2:15"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Zephaniah 2:15" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/zephaniah/3-2.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Zephaniah 3:2"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Zephaniah 3:2" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>