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<li id="toc-1971–2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1971–2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1971–2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1971–2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>2000–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contract_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contract_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contract specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contract_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quote_availability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quote_availability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Quote availability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quote_availability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trading_schedule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trading_schedule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Trading schedule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trading_schedule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_tiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_tiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Market tiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_tiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difference_between_NYSE_and_Nasdaq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difference_between_NYSE_and_Nasdaq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Difference between NYSE and Nasdaq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difference_between_NYSE_and_Nasdaq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nasdaq</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83" title="بورصة نازداك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورصة نازداك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="ন্যাসড্যাক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ন্যাসড্যাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%94%D0%90%D0%9A" title="НАСДАК – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="НАСДАК" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DA%A9" title="نزدک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نزدک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4%EB%8B%A5" title="나스닥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나스닥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D4%B1%D5%8D%D4%B4%D4%B1%D5%94" title="ՆԱՍԴԱՔ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՆԱՍԴԱՔ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95" title="नैस्डैक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नैस्डैक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%93%22%D7%A7" title="נאסד"ק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאסד"ק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ನಾಸ್ಡಾಕ್ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾಸ್ಡಾಕ್ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="NASDAQ биржасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="NASDAQ биржасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Насдак – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Насдак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="നാസ്ഡാക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാസ്ഡാക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95" title="नॅसडॅक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नॅसडॅक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83" title="بورصة نازداك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بورصة نازداك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA" title="နက်စ်ဒက်ခ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နက်စ်ဒက်ခ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="न्याजड्याक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्याजड्याक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95" title="ਨੈਸਡੈਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੈਸਡੈਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="نزډاک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نزډاک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="نازداک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نازداک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="நாஸ்டாக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாஸ்டாக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="నాస్‌డాక్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాస్‌డాక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="แนสแด็ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แนสแด็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8_NASDAQ" title="Биржаи фондии NASDAQ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Биржаи фондии NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Nasdaq" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DA%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="نیزڈیک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیزڈیک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83" title="ناسداك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ناسداك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" title="纳斯达克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纳斯达克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E9%81%94%E5%85%8B" title="納斯達克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="納斯達克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="NASDAQ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" title="纳斯达克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纳斯达克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="View the content page 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nasdaq&params=40.7565_N_73.98576_W_region:US-NY_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°59′09″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.7565°N 73.98576°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.7565; -73.98576</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American stock exchange</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the stock exchange. For the stock market index, see <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Composite" title="Nasdaq Composite">Nasdaq Composite</a>. For the corporation that owns Nasdaq exchanges, see <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq,_Inc." title="Nasdaq, Inc.">Nasdaq, Inc.</a> For the corporation's physical headquarters, see <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_MarketSite" title="Nasdaq MarketSite">Nasdaq MarketSite</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to new all-time highs in 2020) need to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nasdaq Stock Market</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NASDAQ_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NASDAQ_Logo.svg/220px-NASDAQ_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NASDAQ_Logo.svg/330px-NASDAQ_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NASDAQ_Logo.svg/440px-NASDAQ_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="44" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASDAQ_Composite_Index.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/NASDAQ_Composite_Index.webp/300px-NASDAQ_Composite_Index.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/NASDAQ_Composite_Index.webp/450px-NASDAQ_Composite_Index.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/NASDAQ_Composite_Index.webp/600px-NASDAQ_Composite_Index.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="4237" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nasdaq&params=40.7565_N_73.98576_W_region:US-NY_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°59′09″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.7565°N 73.98576°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.7565; -73.98576</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">February 8, 1971<span class="noprint">; 53 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1971-02-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq,_Inc." title="Nasdaq, Inc.">Nasdaq, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of listings</th><td class="infobox-data">7,041 (September 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-companies_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-companies-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market cap</a></th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Dollar">$</a>26.62<a href="/wiki/Trillion_(short_scale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trillion (short scale)">trillion</a> (July 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Indices</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Financial-100" title="Nasdaq Financial-100">Nasdaq Financial-100</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Composite" title="Nasdaq Composite">Nasdaq Composite</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com">www<wbr />.nasdaq<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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decoding="async" width="450" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nasdaq_laea_location_map.svg/675px-Nasdaq_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nasdaq_laea_location_map.svg/900px-Nasdaq_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="575" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.308%;left:72.351%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Stockholm"><img alt="Stockholm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Stockholm" title="Nasdaq Stockholm">Stockholm</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.236%;left:73.886%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Helsinki"><img alt="Helsinki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Helsinki" title="Nasdaq Helsinki">Helsinki</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.902%;left:74.386%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tallinn"><img alt="Tallinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Tallinn" title="Nasdaq Tallinn">Tallinn</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.578%;left:77.831%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vilnius"><img alt="Vilnius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Vilnius" title="Nasdaq Vilnius">Vilnius</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.166%;left:75.897%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Riga"><img alt="Riga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Riga" title="Nasdaq Riga">Riga</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.425%;left:72.543%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Copenhagen"><img alt="Copenhagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:7em;top:5px;left:-3.5em"><div><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Copenhagen" title="Nasdaq Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.789%;left:55.224%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Reykjavík"><img alt="Reykjavík" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Iceland" title="Nasdaq Iceland">Reykjavík</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.099%;left:24.659%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="New York"><img alt="New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.493%;left:23.681%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Philadelphia"><img alt="Philadelphia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div 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href="/wiki/File:Nasdaq_laea_location_map.svg" title="File:Nasdaq laea location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Stock exchanges (listing venues) owned by <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq,_Inc." title="Nasdaq, Inc.">Nasdaq, Inc.</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq,_Inc._locations" title="Template talk:Nasdaq, Inc. locations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq,_Inc._locations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq, Inc. locations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasdaq_compared_to_corporate_profits.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nasdaq_compared_to_corporate_profits.webp/220px-Nasdaq_compared_to_corporate_profits.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nasdaq_compared_to_corporate_profits.webp/330px-Nasdaq_compared_to_corporate_profits.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nasdaq_compared_to_corporate_profits.webp/440px-Nasdaq_compared_to_corporate_profits.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="4246" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption>Nasdaq compared to corporate profits <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#1CB101 solid 4px;"> </span> Corporate profits after tax</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #229ECD;background-color:#99CEE4; color:black;"> </span> NASDAQ Index</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Nasdaq Stock Market</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a8\/En-us-NASDAQ.ogg\/En-us-NASDAQ.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-NASDAQ.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-NASDAQ.ogg/En-us-NASDAQ.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-NASDAQ.ogg" title="File:En-us-NASDAQ.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> based in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. It is the most active stock trading venue in the U.S. by volume,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ranked second on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">list of stock exchanges</a> by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> of shares traded, behind the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exchange platform is owned by <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq,_Inc." title="Nasdaq, Inc.">Nasdaq, Inc.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also owns the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Nordic" title="Nasdaq Nordic">Nasdaq Nordic</a> stock <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market network</a> and several U.S.-based stock and <a href="/wiki/Options_(finance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Options (finance)">options exchanges</a>. Although it trades stock of healthcare, financial, media, entertainment, retail, hospitality, and food businesses, it focuses more on technology <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a>. The exchange is made up of both American and foreign firms, with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> being the largest foreign sources.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1971–2000"><span id="1971.E2.80.932000"></span>1971–2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1971–2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASDAQ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/NASDAQ.svg/220px-NASDAQ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/NASDAQ.svg/330px-NASDAQ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/NASDAQ.svg/440px-NASDAQ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="141" /></a><figcaption>Former logo used from 1971 to 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>"Nasdaq" was initially an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), now known as the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Industry_Regulatory_Authority" title="Financial Industry Regulatory Authority">Financial Industry Regulatory Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 8, 1971, the Nasdaq stock market began operations as the world's first electronic stock market.<sup id="cite_ref-history_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, it was merely a "quotation system" and did not provide a way to perform electronic trades.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NASDAQ Stock Market eventually assumed the majority of major trades that had been executed by the <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">over-the-counter</a> (OTC) system of trading, but there are still many securities traded in this fashion. As late as 1987, the Nasdaq exchange was still commonly referred to as "OTC" in media reports<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also in the monthly Stock Guides (stock guides and procedures) issued by <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, it became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and automated trading systems. In 1981, Nasdaq traded 37% of the U.S. securities markets' total of 21 billion shares. By 1991, Nasdaq's share had grown to 46%.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> to form the first intercontinental linkage of <a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">capital markets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a> issued a report alleging that Nasdaq market makers <a href="/wiki/Price_fixing" title="Price fixing">fixed prices</a> by avoiding "odd-eighths" quotes (at the time, stock prices were quoted in increments of an eighth of a dollar) to artificially widen spreads. The report was followed by a new set of rules for how Nasdaq handled orders.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102, 126">: 102, 126 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1998, it became the first stock market in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to trade online, using the slogan "the stock market for the next hundred years".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted many companies during the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>. </p><p>Its main index is the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ Composite">NASDAQ Composite</a>, which has been published since its inception. The QQQ <a href="/wiki/Exchange-traded_fund" title="Exchange-traded fund">exchange-traded fund</a> tracks the large-cap <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ-100" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ-100">NASDAQ-100</a> index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Financial-100" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ Financial-100">NASDAQ Financial-100</a> Index, which tracks the largest 100 companies in terms of <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–present"><span id="2000.E2.80.93present"></span>2000–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2000–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg/400px-Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg/600px-Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg/800px-Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>During the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ Composite">NASDAQ Composite</a> index spiked in the late 1990s. It then fell sharply as the bubble burst.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASDAQ_Market_Site_201506.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NASDAQ_Market_Site_201506.jpg/250px-NASDAQ_Market_Site_201506.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NASDAQ_Market_Site_201506.jpg/375px-NASDAQ_Market_Site_201506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/NASDAQ_Market_Site_201506.jpg/500px-NASDAQ_Market_Site_201506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Studio</figcaption></figure> <p>On March 10, 2000, the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ Composite">NASDAQ Composite</a> stock market index peaked at 5,132.52, but fell to 3,227 by April 17,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in the following 30 months, fell 78% from its peak.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a series of sales in 2000 and 2001, FINRA sold its stake in the Nasdaq. On July 2, 2002, Nasdaq Inc. became a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a> via an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a stock market to a licensed national securities exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, it merged with OMX, a leading exchange operator in the Nordic countries, expanded its global footprint, and changed its name to the NASDAQ OMX Group.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Securities and Exchange Commission">United States Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC), must have at least three <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market makers</a> (financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities) and must meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders. </p><p>In February 2011, in the wake of an announced merger of <a href="/wiki/NYSE_Euronext" title="NYSE Euronext">NYSE Euronext</a> with <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></span></span>, speculation developed that NASDAQ OMX and <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a> (ICE) could mount a counter-bid of their own for NYSE. NASDAQ OMX could be<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> looking to acquire the American exchange's cash equities business, ICE the <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">derivatives</a> business. At the time, "NYSE Euronext's market value was $9.75 billion. Nasdaq was valued at $5.78 billion, while ICE was valued at $9.45 billion."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late in the month, Nasdaq was reported to be considering asking either ICE or the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a> to join in what would probably have to be, if it proceeded, an $11–12 billion counterbid.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2005, NASDAQ acquired <a href="/wiki/Instinet" title="Instinet">Instinet</a> for $1.9 billion, retaining the <a href="/wiki/Inet" title="Inet">Inet</a> ECN and subsequently selling the agency brokerage business to <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake Partners</a> and Instinet management.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (EASDAQ) was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock Market. It was purchased by NASDAQ in 2001 and became NASDAQ Europe. In 2003, operations were shut down as a result of the burst of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, NASDAQ Europe was revived first as Equiduct and was acquired by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rse_Berlin" title="Börse Berlin">Börse Berlin</a> later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 18, 2012, Nasdaq OMX became a founding member of the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Stock_Exchanges_Initiative" title="Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative">Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative</a> on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development">United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development</a> (Rio+20).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2016, chief operating officer <a href="/wiki/Adena_Friedman" title="Adena Friedman">Adena Friedman</a> was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a>, becoming the first woman to run a major exchange in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Nasdaq earned $272 million in listings-related revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj-new_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-new-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2018, the SEC ruled that the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and Nasdaq did not justify the continued price increases when selling <a href="/wiki/Market_data" title="Market data">market data</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020, NASDAQ announced that it would strip its indexes of four Chinese companies in response to <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13959" title="Executive Order 13959">Executive Order 13959</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, the European Commission said it had carried out an unannounced inspection at the offices of Nasdaq over potential anti-competitive practices.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contract_specifications">Contract specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contract specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nasdaq 100 futures are traded on the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">CME</a> (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) while its derivatives, E-Mini Nasdaq 100 and Micro E-Mini Nasdaq 100 futures are traded on the EMiniCME. Below are the contract specifications for the Nasdaq 100 and derivatives. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Contract Specifications </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Nasdaq 100 (NDA)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>E-Mini Nasdaq 100 (NQ/ENQ)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Micro E-Mini Nasdaq (MNQ)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Contract Size: </td> <td>$100 X Nasdaq 100 Index </td> <td>$20 X Nasdaq 100 Index </td> <td>$2 X Nasdaq 100 Index </td></tr> <tr> <td>Exchange: </td> <td>CME </td> <td>EMiniCME </td> <td>EMiniCME </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sector: </td> <td>Index </td> <td>Index </td> <td>Index </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tick_size" title="Tick size">Tick Size</a>: </td> <td>0.25 </td> <td>0.25 </td> <td>0.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tick Value: </td> <td>25 USD </td> <td>5 USD </td> <td>0.5 USD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basis_point_value" title="Basis point value">BPV</a>: </td> <td>100 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denomination: </td> <td>USD </td> <td>USD </td> <td>USD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Decimal Place: </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quote_availability">Quote availability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Quote availability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nasdaq quotes are available at three levels: </p> <ul><li>Level 1 shows the highest bid and lowest ask—inside quote.</li> <li>Level 2 shows all public quotes of <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market makers</a> together with information of market dealers wishing to buy or sell stock and recently executed orders.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Level 3 is used by the <a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">market makers</a> and allows them to enter their quotes and execute orders.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trading_schedule">Trading schedule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trading schedule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nasdaq Stock Market sessions, with times in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Time Zone</a> are: </p><p>7:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.: <a href="/wiki/Extended-hours_trading" title="Extended-hours trading">extended-hours trading</a> session (premarket) </p><p>9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.: normal trading session </p><p>4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.: extended-hours trading session (postmarket)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nasdaq Stock Market averages about 253 <a href="/wiki/Trading_day" title="Trading day">trading days</a> per year.<sup id="cite_ref-fool_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fool-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_tiers">Market tiers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Market tiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nasdaq Stock Market has three different market tiers: </p> <ul><li><b>Capital Market</b> (NASDAQ-CM <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">small cap</a>) is an equity market for companies that have relatively small levels of market capitalization. Listing requirements for such "small cap" companies are less stringent than for other Nasdaq markets that list larger companies with significantly higher market capitalization.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Global Market</b> (NASDAQ-GM <a href="/wiki/Mid_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid cap">mid cap</a>) is made up of stocks that represent the Nasdaq Global Market. The Global Market consists of 1,450 stocks that meet Nasdaq's strict financial and liquidity requirements, and corporate governance standards. The Global Market is less exclusive than the Global Select Market.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Global Select Market</b> (NASDAQ-GS <a href="/wiki/Large_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="Large cap">large cap</a>) is a market capitalization-weighted index made up of US-based and international stocks that represent the <a href="/w/index.php?title=NASDAQ_Global_Select_Market_Composite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASDAQ Global Select Market Composite (page does not exist)">NASDAQ Global Select Market Composite</a> (NQGS). The Global Select Market consists of 1,200 stocks that meet Nasdaq's strict financial and liquidity requirements and corporate governance standards. The Global Select Market is more exclusive than the Global Market. Every October, the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department reviews the Global Market Composite to determine if any of its stocks have become eligible for listing on the Global Select Market.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_between_NYSE_and_Nasdaq">Difference between NYSE and Nasdaq</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Difference between NYSE and Nasdaq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the NYSE, Nasdaq is the second largest stock exchange in the United States with a market capitalization of $19 trillion, which is about $5.5 trillion less than the NYSE as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nasdaq is a much younger organization than the NYSE, having been founded in just 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to age and market capitalization, there are other key differences between the two exchanges: </p> <ul><li>Exchange systems. Before the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the NYSE maintained both an electronic trading system and a trading floor system staffed by live professionals who help conduct auctions.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nasdaq has been an all-electronic exchange since its inception.</li> <li>Market Types. The NYSE uses an auction market to set prices, while Nasdaq uses a dealer market.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the NYSE auction market, buyers and sellers submit competitive bids simultaneously. When the buyer's bid and the seller's request match, a transaction occurs. In the Nasdaq dealer market model, all prices are set by dealers. Dealers continually update bid (sell) and ask (buy) prices throughout the trading day.</li> <li>Listing fees. There is a big difference in listing fees on the major stock exchanges. Listing fees on the Nasdaq range from $55,000 to $80,000 for the lowest tier of the capital market.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NYSE is significantly more expensive, with the lowest listing fee of $150,000.</li> <li>Sectors. Investors typically view the NYSE as an exchange for older, more established companies.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nasdaq tends to be home to newer companies focused on technology and innovation, so some investors consider Nasdaq listings to be riskier.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_(NASDAQ)" class="mw-redirect" title="ACT (NASDAQ)">ACT (NASDAQ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Computerized_Execution_System" title="Advanced Computerized Execution System">Advanced Computerized Execution System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directors_Desk" title="Directors Desk">Directors Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_mergers_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas">List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchanges in the Americas">List of stock exchanges in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_futures" title="NASDAQ futures">NASDAQ futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermontage" title="Supermontage">Supermontage</a> (SM) integrated trading system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_corporate_law" title="United States corporate law">United States corporate law</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasdaq&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-companies-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-companies_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasdaq.com&rft.atitle=Nasdaq+%E2%80%93+Business+Solutions+%26+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business.nasdaq.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://il.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/fact-sheet-u-s-israel-economic-relationship/">"Fact Sheet U.S. – Israel Economic Relationship"</a>. <i>United States embassy in Israel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+embassy+in+Israel&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheet+U.S.+%E2%80%93+Israel+Economic+Relationship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fil.usembassy.gov%2Four-relationship%2Fpolicy-history%2Ffact-sheet-u-s-israel-economic-relationship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasdaq.com/help/helpfaq.stm">Frequently Asked Questions. NASDAQ.com. NASDAQ, n.d. Web. December 23, 2001.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100429200618/http://www.nasdaq.com/help/helpfaq.stm">Archived</a> April 29, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerrell" class="citation web cs1">Terrell, Ellen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/amex/amex.html">"History of the American and Nasdaq Stock Exchanges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130414213410/http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/amex/amex.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+American+and+Nasdaq+Stock+Exchanges&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.aulast=Terrell&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fbusiness%2Famex%2Famex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennon2019" class="citation web cs1">Kennon, Joshua (March 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-the-nasdaq-356343">"What Is the NASDAQ?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dotdash" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotdash">Dotdash</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190317134734/https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-the-nasdaq-356343">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(June 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Vh2AwAAQBAJ&q=nasdaq+OTC+in+stock+guides+issued+by++standard+and+poor%27s+corporation&pg=PA638"><i>Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime</i></a>. SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-7616-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-7616-8"><bdi>978-1-4522-7616-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+White-Collar+and+Corporate+Crime&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-7616-8&rft.aulast=Salinger&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Vh2AwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dnasdaq%2BOTC%2Bin%2Bstock%2Bguides%2Bissued%2Bby%2B%2Bstandard%2Band%2Bpoor%2527s%2Bcorporation%26pg%3DPA638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWidder1992" class="citation news cs1">Widder, Pat (May 24, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcall.com/news/mc-xpm-1992-05-24-2855271-story.html">"NASDAQ Has Eye On Next 100 Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429130718/https://www.mcall.com/news/mc-xpm-1992-05-24-2855271-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=NASDAQ+Has+Eye+On+Next+100+Years&rft.date=1992-05-24&rft.aulast=Widder&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcall.com%2Fnews%2Fmc-xpm-1992-05-24-2855271-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdekon2015" class="citation book cs1">Odekon, Mehmet (March 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8O9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1267"><i>Booms and Busts: </i>An Encyclopedia of Economic History<i> from the First Stock Market Crash of 1792 to the Current Global Economic Crisis: An Encyclopedia of Economic History from the First Stock Market Crash of 1792 to the Current Global Economic Crisis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317475750" title="Special:BookSources/9781317475750"><bdi>9781317475750</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803133123/https://books.google.com/books?id=8O9nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1267&lpg=PT1267&dq=Nasdaq+Stock+Market+the+london+Stock+exchange+1992#v=onepage&q=Nasdaq%20Stock%20Market%20the%20london%20Stock%20exchange%201992&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Booms+and+Busts%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Economic+History+from+the+First+Stock+Market+Crash+of+1792+to+the+Current+Global+Economic+Crisis%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Economic+History+from+the+First+Stock+Market+Crash+of+1792+to+the+Current+Global+Economic+Crisis&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft.isbn=9781317475750&rft.aulast=Odekon&rft.aufirst=Mehmet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8O9nBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2012" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Scott (2012). <i>Dark Pools: High-Speed Traders, A.I. Bandits, and the Threat to the Global Financial System</i>. Crown Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0307887177" title="Special:BookSources/978-0307887177"><bdi>978-0307887177</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dark+Pools%3A+High-Speed+Traders%2C+A.I.+Bandits%2C+and+the+Threat+to+the+Global+Financial+System&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0307887177&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719000823/http://nationalgeographic.org/thisday/feb8/stock-market-next-100-years-opens/">"Feb 8, 1971 CE: 'Stock Market for the Next 100 Years' Opens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/feb8/stock-market-next-100-years-opens/">the original</a> on July 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feb+8%2C+1971+CE%3A+%27Stock+Market+for+the+Next+100+Years%27+Opens&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.org%2Fthisday%2Ffeb8%2Fstock-market-next-100-years-opens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econstats.com/eqty/eq_d_mi_7.htm">"NASDAQ Composite daily index"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101122115756/http://www.econstats.com/eqty/eq_d_mi_7.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASDAQ+Composite+daily+index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econstats.com%2Feqty%2Feq_d_mi_7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassman2015" class="citation news cs1">Glassman, James K. (February 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasdaq.com/article/3-lessons-for-investors-from-the-tech-bubble-cm443106">"3 Lessons for Investors From the Tech Bubble"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kiplinger%27s_Personal_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiplinger's Personal Finance">Kiplinger's Personal Finance</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415200655/http://www.nasdaq.com/article/3-lessons-for-investors-from-the-tech-bubble-cm443106">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kiplinger%27s+Personal+Finance&rft.atitle=3+Lessons+for+Investors+From+the+Tech+Bubble&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft.aulast=Glassman&rft.aufirst=James+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Farticle%2F3-lessons-for-investors-from-the-tech-bubble-cm443106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.nasdaq.com/resources/investor-faqs">"INVESTOR FAQS"</a>. Nasdaq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930234214/http://ir.nasdaq.com/resources/investor-faqs">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INVESTOR+FAQS&rft.pub=Nasdaq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fir.nasdaq.com%2Fresources%2Finvestor-faqs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh" class="citation web cs1">Walsh, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfrlaw.com/pubs/GordonPubDetail.aspx?xpST=PubDetail&pub=109">"Nasdaq Stock Market Becomes A National Securities Exchange; Changes Market Designations"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217225809/http://www.gfrlaw.com/pubs/GordonPubDetail.aspx?xpST=PubDetail&pub=109">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nasdaq+Stock+Market+Becomes+A+National+Securities+Exchange%3B+Changes+Market+Designations&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfrlaw.com%2Fpubs%2FGordonPubDetail.aspx%3FxpST%3DPubDetail%26pub%3D109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucchettiMacDonald2007" class="citation news cs1">Lucchetti, Aaron; MacDonald, Alistair (May 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118007353287814521">"Nasdaq Lands OMX for $5.7 Billion; Are More Merger Deals on the Way?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731070747/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118007353287814521">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Nasdaq+Lands+OMX+for+%245.7+Billion%3B+Are+More+Merger+Deals+on+the+Way%3F&rft.date=2007-05-26&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Lucchetti&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB118007353287814521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De la Merced, Michael J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/18/nasdaq-and-ice-hold-talks-over-potential-n-y-s-e-bid/?hp">"Nasdaq and ICE Hold Talks Over Potential N.Y.S.E. Bid"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120003131/http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/18/nasdaq-and-ice-hold-talks-over-potential-n-y-s-e-bid/?hp">Archived</a> January 20, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> Dealbook, February 18, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, Michelle E., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-26/nasdaq-may-ask-cme-or-ice-for-help-in-nyse-counterbid-wsj-says.html">"Nasdaq May Ask CME or ICE for Help in NYSE Counterbid, WSJ Says"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729220137/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-26/nasdaq-may-ask-cme-or-ice-for-help-in-nyse-counterbid-wsj-says.html">Archived</a> July 29, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>, February 26, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.nasdaq.com/news-releases/news-release-details/nasdaq-completes-acquisition-inet">"NASDAQ Completes Acquisition of Inet"</a> (Press release). Nasdaq. December 8, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204200708/http://ir.nasdaq.com/news-releases/news-release-details/nasdaq-completes-acquisition-inet">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASDAQ+Completes+Acquisition+of+Inet&rft.pub=Nasdaq&rft.date=2005-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fir.nasdaq.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fnews-release-details%2Fnasdaq-completes-acquisition-inet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuthers2005" class="citation news cs1">Authers, John (December 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/3c0c61da-6841-11da-bfce-0000779e2340">"Nasdaq completes purchase of Instinet exchange"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/3c0c61da-6841-11da-bfce-0000779e2340">the original</a></span> on December 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Nasdaq+completes+purchase+of+Instinet+exchange&rft.date=2005-12-08&rft.aulast=Authers&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F3c0c61da-6841-11da-bfce-0000779e2340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/business/nasdaq-to-acquire-instinet-in-19-billion-deal.html">"Nasdaq to Acquire Instinet in $1.9 Billion Deal"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 22, 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403041828/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/22/business/nasdaq-to-acquire-instinet-in-19-billion-deal.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nasdaq+to+Acquire+Instinet+in+%241.9+Billion+Deal&rft.date=2005-04-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F04%2F22%2Fbusiness%2Fnasdaq-to-acquire-instinet-in-19-billion-deal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/nasdaq-might-shut-down-german-exchange/a-945442">"Nasdaq Might Shut Down German Exchange"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. August 11, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204200704/https://www.dw.com/en/nasdaq-might-shut-down-german-exchange/a-945442">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Nasdaq+Might+Shut+Down+German+Exchange&rft.date=2003-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fnasdaq-might-shut-down-german-exchange%2Fa-945442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106155659/http://www.securitiestechnologymonitor.com/supplements/20061231/19226-1.html">"Easdaq Makes A Comeback As Equiduct"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.securitiestechnologymonitor.com/supplements/20061231/19226-1.html">the original</a> on January 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 18, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inpublic.globenewswire.com/2012/06/18/Sustainable+Stock+Exchanges+Initiative+Exchanges+listing+over+4+600+companies+commit+to+promoting+sustainability+HUG1620418.html">the original</a> on December 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PortaraCQG&rft.atitle=Historical+E+Mini+Nasdaq+100+Intraday+NQ%2FENQ+Futures+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportaracqg.com%2Fhistorical-futures-data%2Fhistorical-e-mini-nasdaq-100-intraday-futures-data-nq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portaracqg.com/historical-futures-data/historical-e-mini-nasdaq-100-intraday-futures-data-nq/">"Historical Micro E-Mini Nasdaq 100 Intraday Data (MNQ)"</a>. <i>PortaraCQG</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004232708/https://portaracqg.com/historical-futures-data/historical-e-mini-nasdaq-100-intraday-futures-data-nq/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PortaraCQG&rft.atitle=Historical+Micro+E-Mini+Nasdaq+100+Intraday+Data+%28MNQ%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportaracqg.com%2Fhistorical-futures-data%2Fhistorical-e-mini-nasdaq-100-intraday-futures-data-nq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daytrading.about.com/od/daytradingglossary/a/OrderBook.htm">"Order Book, Level 2 Market Data, and Depth of Market"</a>. <i>Daytrading. About.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110114070828/http://daytrading.about.com/od/daytradingglossary/a/OrderBook.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daytrading.+About.com&rft.atitle=Order+Book%2C+Level+2+Market+Data%2C+and+Depth+of+Market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaytrading.about.com%2Fod%2Fdaytradingglossary%2Fa%2FOrderBook.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/stock-market/level-iii-quote-3276">"Nasdaq Level III Quote"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124056/http://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/stock-market/level-iii-quote-3276">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nasdaq+Level+III+Quote&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investinganswers.com%2Ffinancial-dictionary%2Fstock-market%2Flevel-iii-quote-3276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasdaq.com/about/trading-schedule.aspx">"Nasdaq Trading Schedule"</a>. <i>Nasdaq.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140417000841/http://www.nasdaq.com/about/trading-schedule.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nasdaq.com&rft.atitle=Nasdaq+Trading+Schedule&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Fabout%2Ftrading-schedule.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fool-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fool_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fool.com/research/stock-performance-recessions/">"Stock Performance in Recessions"</a>. The Motley Fool<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stock+Performance+in+Recessions&rft.pub=The+Motley+Fool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fool.com%2Fresearch%2Fstock-performance-recessions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nasdaq-smallcap-market.asp">"Definition of 'Nasdaq SmallCap Market', now known as Nasdaq Capital Market"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Investopedia" title="Investopedia">Investopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130804063221/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nasdaq-smallcap-market.asp">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+%27Nasdaq+SmallCap+Market%27%2C+now+known+as+Nasdaq+Capital+Market&rft.pub=Investopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fn%2Fnasdaq-smallcap-market.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nqgm.asp">"Definition of 'Nasdaq Global Market Composite'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Investopedia" title="Investopedia">Investopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130917082250/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nqgm.asp">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+%27Nasdaq+Global+Market+Composite%27&rft.pub=Investopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fn%2Fnqgm.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nqgs.asp">"Definition of 'Nasdaq Global Select Market Composite'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Investopedia" title="Investopedia">Investopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004025826/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nqgs.asp">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+%27Nasdaq+Global+Select+Market+Composite%27&rft.pub=Investopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fn%2Fnqgs.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPintoHenryRobinsonStowe2010" class="citation book cs1">Pinto, Jerald E.; Henry, Elaine; Robinson, Thomas R.; Stowe, John D. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCL9bkrOrpcC"><i>Equity Asset Valuation</i></a>. CFA Institute Investment Series. Vol. 27 (2 ed.). <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470579657" title="Special:BookSources/9780470579657"><bdi>9780470579657</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510182228/http://books.google.com/books?id=XCL9bkrOrpcC">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2013. <q>[...] NASDAQ-GS stands for 'Nasdaq Global Select Market,' [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Equity+Asset+Valuation&rft.series=CFA+Institute+Investment+Series&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780470579657&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=Jerald+E.&rft.au=Henry%2C+Elaine&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Thomas+R.&rft.au=Stowe%2C+John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCL9bkrOrpcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/nyse-new-york-stock-exchange/">"The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)"</a>. <i>www.forbes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210409150456/https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/nyse-new-york-stock-exchange/">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.forbes.com&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Stock+Exchange+%28NYSE%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fadvisor%2Finvesting%2Fnyse-new-york-stock-exchange%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.analyticssteps.com/blogs/10-largest-stock-exchanges-world">"10 Largest Stock Exchanges in the World"</a>. <i>www.analyticssteps.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304222510/https://www.analyticssteps.com/blogs/10-largest-stock-exchanges-world">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.analyticssteps.com&rft.atitle=10+Largest+Stock+Exchanges+in+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.analyticssteps.com%2Fblogs%2F10-largest-stock-exchanges-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/04/092404.asp">"Getting to Know the Stock Exchanges"</a>. <i>www.investopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221233923/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/04/092404.asp">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.investopedia.com&rft.atitle=Getting+to+Know+the+Stock+Exchanges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Farticles%2Fbasics%2F04%2F092404.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/03/103103.asp">"The NYSE and Nasdaq: How They Work"</a>. <i>www.investopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240219175901/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/03/103103.asp">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.investopedia.com&rft.atitle=The+NYSE+and+Nasdaq%3A+How+They+Work&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Farticles%2Fbasics%2F03%2F103103.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capital.com/the-history-of-nasdaq-from-creation-in-1971-to-the-present">"The history of Nasdaq from creation in 1971 to the present"</a>. <i>capital.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capital.com&rft.atitle=The+history+of+Nasdaq+from+creation+in+1971+to+the+present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapital.com%2Fthe-history-of-nasdaq-from-creation-in-1971-to-the-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/history-of-nyse">"The History of NYSE"</a>. <i>www.nyse.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240129135305/https://www.nyse.com/history-of-nyse">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nyse.com&rft.atitle=The+History+of+NYSE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fhistory-of-nyse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wallstrank.com/learn/what-is-the-nyse">"What Is The NYSE?"</a>. <i>www.wallstrank.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207204029/https://www.wallstrank.com/learn/what-is-the-nyse">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wallstrank.com&rft.atitle=What+Is+The+NYSE%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wallstrank.com%2Flearn%2Fwhat-is-the-nyse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANasdaq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nyse%3A-what-is-the-new-york-stock-exchange-2021-04-09">"NYSE: What Is The New York Stock Exchange?"</a>. <i>www.nasdaq.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117043249/https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nyse%3A-what-is-the-new-york-stock-exchange-2021-04-09">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasdaqomx" title="Template:Nasdaqomx"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaqomx" title="Template talk:Nasdaqomx"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaqomx" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaqomx"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nasdaq,_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq,_Inc." title="Nasdaq, Inc.">Nasdaq, Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Operator of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nasdaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Nordic" title="Nasdaq Nordic">Nasdaq Nordic</a>, and Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange systems</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exchanges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Stock_Exchange" title="Boston Stock Exchange">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_North" class="mw-redirect" title="First North">First North</a></li> <li>Nasdaq Baltic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Riga" title="Nasdaq Riga">Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Tallinn" title="Nasdaq Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Vilnius" title="Nasdaq Vilnius">Vilnius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nasdaq New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Nordic" title="Nasdaq Nordic">Nasdaq Nordic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Copenhagen" title="Nasdaq Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Helsinki" title="Nasdaq Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Iceland" title="Nasdaq Iceland">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Securities_Market" title="Faroese Securities Market">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Stockholm" title="Nasdaq Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Stock_Exchange" title="Philadelphia Stock Exchange">Philadelphia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nasdaq logo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NASDAQ_Logo.svg/100px-NASDAQ_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NASDAQ_Logo.svg/150px-NASDAQ_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NASDAQ_Logo.svg/200px-NASDAQ_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="44" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Baltic_10" title="OMX Baltic 10">Baltic 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Copenhagen_25" title="OMX Copenhagen 25">Copenhagen 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Helsinki_25" title="OMX Helsinki 25">Helsinki 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Iceland_8" title="OMX Iceland 8">Iceland 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Iceland_10" title="OMX Iceland 10">Iceland 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICEX_Main" title="ICEX Main">ICEX Main</a></li> <li>Nasdaq <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Biotechnology_Index" title="NASDAQ Biotechnology Index">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Composite" title="Nasdaq Composite">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Financial-100" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ Financial-100">Financial-100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Nordic_40" title="OMX Nordic 40">Nordic 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Stockholm_30" title="OMX Stockholm 30">Stockholm 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Tallinn" title="OMX Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other holdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GlobeNewswire" title="GlobeNewswire">GlobeNewswire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_MarketSite" title="Nasdaq MarketSite">Nasdaq MarketSite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Private_Market" title="Nasdaq Private Market">Nasdaq Private Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verafin" title="Verafin">Verafin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Stock">stocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">Common stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_share" title="Golden share">Golden share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">Preferred stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_stock" title="Restricted stock">Restricted stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_stock" title="Tracking stock">Tracking stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Share_capital" title="Share capital">Share capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorised_capital" title="Authorised capital">Authorised capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issued_shares" title="Issued shares">Issued shares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shares_outstanding" title="Shares outstanding">Shares outstanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_stock" title="Treasury stock">Treasury stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Broker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_broker" title="Floor broker">Floor broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-dealer_broker" title="Inter-dealer broker">Inter-dealer broker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker-dealer" title="Broker-dealer">Broker-dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_maker" title="Market maker">Market maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trader_(finance)" title="Trader (finance)">Trader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_trader" title="Floor trader">Floor trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_trading" title="Proprietary trading">Proprietary trader</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_analyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantitative analyst">Quantitative analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculator">Speculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">Arbitrager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scalping_(trading)" title="Scalping (trading)">Scalper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(organized_market)" title="Exchange (organized market)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">List of stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_trading_hours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchange trading hours">Trading hours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter</a> (off-exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_trading_system" title="Alternative trading system">Alternative trading system</a> (ATS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_trading_facility" title="Multilateral trading facility">Multilateral trading facility</a> (MTF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_communication_network" title="Electronic communication network">Electronic communication network</a> (ECN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_market_access" title="Direct market access">Direct market access</a> (DMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-through_processing" title="Straight-through processing">Straight-through processing</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_pool" title="Dark pool">Dark pool</a> (private exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_network" title="Crossing network">Crossing network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_aggregator" title="Foreign exchange aggregator">Liquidity aggregator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stock_valuation" title="Stock valuation">Stock valuation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_(finance)" title="Alpha (finance)">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage_pricing_theory" title="Arbitrage pricing theory">Arbitrage pricing theory</a> (APT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(finance)" title="Beta (finance)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_indicator" title="Buffett indicator">Buffett indicator</a> (Cap-to-GDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_value" title="Book value">Book value</a> (BV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">Capital asset pricing model</a> (CAPM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market_line" title="Capital market line">Capital market line</a> (CML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_discount_model" title="Dividend discount model">Dividend discount model</a> (DDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_yield" title="Dividend yield">Dividend yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_yield" title="Earnings yield">Earnings yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EV/EBITDA" class="mw-redirect" title="EV/EBITDA">EV/EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fed_model" title="Fed model">Fed model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_asset_value" title="Net asset value">Net asset value</a> (NAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_characteristic_line" title="Security characteristic line">Security characteristic line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_market_line" title="Security market line">Security market line</a> (SML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-model" title="T-model">T-model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading theories<br /> and <a href="/wiki/Trading_strategy" title="Trading strategy">strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">Algorithmic trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_and_hold" title="Buy and hold">Buy and hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrarian_investing" title="Contrarian investing">Contrarian investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging" title="Dollar cost averaging">Dollar cost averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis" title="Efficient-market hypothesis">Efficient-market hypothesis</a> (EMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_stock" title="Growth stock">Growth stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_timing" title="Market timing">Market timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory" title="Modern portfolio theory">Modern portfolio theory</a> (MPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_investing" title="Momentum investing">Momentum investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_theory_(investments)" title="Mosaic theory (investments)">Mosaic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairs_trade" title="Pairs trade">Pairs trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-modern_portfolio_theory" title="Post-modern portfolio theory">Post-modern portfolio theory</a> (PMPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_walk_hypothesis" title="Random walk hypothesis">Random walk hypothesis</a> (RMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_rotation" title="Sector rotation">Sector rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_investing" title="Style investing">Style investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_trading" title="Swing trading">Swing trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">Technical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_following" title="Trend following">Trend following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_averaging" title="Value averaging">Value averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_investing" title="Value investing">Value investing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bid%E2%80%93ask_spread" title="Bid–ask spread">Bid–ask spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_trade" title="Block trade">Block trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_listing" title="Cross listing">Cross listing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">Dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-listed_company" title="Dual-listed company">Dual-listed company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuPont_analysis" title="DuPont analysis">DuPont analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_frontier" title="Efficient frontier">Efficient frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">Financial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight-to-quality" title="Flight-to-quality">Flight-to-quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">Government bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenspan_put" title="Greenspan put">Greenspan put</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haircut_(finance)" title="Haircut (finance)">Haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">Initial public offering</a> (IPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_(finance)" title="Long (finance)">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_offer" title="Mandatory offer">Mandatory offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(finance)" title="Margin (finance)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anomaly" title="Market anomaly">Market anomaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_depth" title="Market depth">Market depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_manipulation" title="Market manipulation">Market manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_trend" title="Market trend">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_reversion_(finance)" title="Mean reversion (finance)">Mean reversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(finance)" title="Momentum (finance)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_outcry" title="Open outcry">Open outcry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_book" title="Order book">Order book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_(finance)" title="Position (finance)">Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">Public float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_offering" title="Public offering">Public offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_(stock_market)" title="Rally (stock market)">Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns-based_style_analysis" title="Returns-based style analysis">Returns-based style analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_stock_split" title="Reverse stock split">Reverse stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_repurchase" title="Share repurchase">Share repurchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Short selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_squeeze" title="Short squeeze">Short squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slippage_(finance)" title="Slippage (finance)">Slippage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze-out" title="Squeeze-out">Squeeze-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_dilution" title="Stock dilution">Stock dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">Stock market index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">Stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_swap" title="Stock swap">Stock swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_(financial_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade (financial instrument)">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_offer" title="Tender offer">Tender offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptick_rule" title="Uptick rule">Uptick rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">Volatility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_interest" title="Voting interest">Voting interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_(finance)" title="Yield (finance)">Yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_United_States_stock_market_indices" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_stock_market_indexes" title="Template:United States stock market indexes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_stock_market_indexes" title="Template talk:United States stock market indexes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_stock_market_indexes" 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title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_2000_Index" title="Russell 2000 Index">Russell 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilshire_5000" title="Wilshire 5000">Wilshire 5000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82059#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82059#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82059#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/727986/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/6128631-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97030729">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812221106705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007461487905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td 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