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<span>Metallurgy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Metallurgy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Metallurgy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Metallurgy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Double-acting_piston_bellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double-acting_piston_bellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Double-acting piston bellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double-acting_piston_bellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double-lung_accordion_bellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double-lung_accordion_bellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Double-lung accordion bellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double-lung_accordion_bellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primitive_bellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primitive_bellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Primitive bellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primitive_bellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fluid_transfer_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluid_transfer_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fluid transfer applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluid_transfer_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_joint_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_joint_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Expansion joint applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_joint_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beekeeping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beekeeping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Beekeeping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beekeeping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bellows</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaasbalk" title="Blaasbalk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Blaasbalk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="كير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancha" title="Mancha – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mancha" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0" title="হাপর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাপর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Духало – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Духало" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megin" title="Megin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Megin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manxa" title="Manxa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manxa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bch" title="Měch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Měch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megin" title="Megin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Megin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A6seb%C3%A6lg" title="Blæsebælg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blæsebælg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasebalg" title="Blasebalg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blasebalg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelle_(neum%C3%A1tico)" title="Fuelle (neumático) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuelle (neumático)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgo" title="Balgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauspo" title="Hauspo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hauspo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85_(%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="دم (ابزار) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دم (ابزار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soufflet_(outil)" title="Soufflet (outil) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soufflet (outil)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fol_(pneum%C3%A1tico)" title="Fol (pneumático) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fol (pneumático)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%92%80%EB%AC%B4" title="풀무 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="풀무" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="धौंकनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धौंकनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijeh" title="Mijeh – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mijeh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubub" title="Ubub – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ubub" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsibelgur" title="Físibelgur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Físibelgur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantice" title="Mantice – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mantice" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%97" title="מפוח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF" title="ತಿದಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಿದಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Көрүк – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көрүк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follis_fabrilis" title="Follis fabrilis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Follis fabrilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C4%93%C5%A1as" title="Plēšas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plēšas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpl%C4%97s" title="Dumplės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dumplės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantes" title="Mantes – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mantes" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafoforana" title="Tafoforana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tafoforana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hububan" title="Hububan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hububan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaasbalg" title="Blaasbalg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Blaasbalg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9E%B4" title="鞴 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鞴" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A5sebelg" title="Blåsebelg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blåsebelg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A5sebelg" title="Blåsebelg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Blåsebelg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miech" title="Miech – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miech" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fole_de_ferreiro" title="Fole de ferreiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fole de ferreiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мехи (техника) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мехи (техника)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82_(%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB)" title="Күөрт (тэрил) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Күөрт (тэрил)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellows" title="Bellows – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bellows" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijeh" title="Mijeh – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mijeh" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palje" title="Palje – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palje" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4lg" title="Bälg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bälg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="துருத்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருத்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6r%C3%BCk" title="Körük – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Körük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85" title="Міх – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міх" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bellows_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bellows (disambiguation)">Bellows (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellows_(PSF).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bellows_%28PSF%29.svg/220px-Bellows_%28PSF%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bellows_%28PSF%29.svg/330px-Bellows_%28PSF%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bellows_%28PSF%29.svg/440px-Bellows_%28PSF%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">fireplace</a> hand-bellows</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bellows</b> or <b>pair of bellows</b> is a device constructed to furnish a strong blast of <a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a>. The simplest type consists of a flexible bag comprising a pair of rigid boards with handles joined by flexible leather sides enclosing an approximately airtight cavity which can be expanded and contracted by operating the handles, and fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Check_valve" title="Check valve">valve</a> allowing air to fill the cavity when expanded, and with a tube through which the air is forced out in a stream when the cavity is compressed.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has many applications, in particular blowing on a fire to supply it with air. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_Bellows.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/English_Bellows.jpg/130px-English_Bellows.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/English_Bellows.jpg/195px-English_Bellows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/English_Bellows.jpg/260px-English_Bellows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption> Hand-made English fireplace bellows</figcaption></figure> <p>The term "bellows" is used by extension for a flexible bag whose volume can be changed by compression or expansion, but not used to deliver air. For example, the light-tight (but not airtight) bag allowing the distance between the <a href="/wiki/Lens_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (optics)">lens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">film</a> of a folding photographic camera to be varied is called a <a href="/wiki/Bellows_(photography)" title="Bellows (photography)">bellows</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remscheid_-_Deutsches_Werkzeugmuseum_06_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Remscheid_-_Deutsches_Werkzeugmuseum_06_ies.jpg/220px-Remscheid_-_Deutsches_Werkzeugmuseum_06_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Remscheid_-_Deutsches_Werkzeugmuseum_06_ies.jpg/330px-Remscheid_-_Deutsches_Werkzeugmuseum_06_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Remscheid_-_Deutsches_Werkzeugmuseum_06_ies.jpg/440px-Remscheid_-_Deutsches_Werkzeugmuseum_06_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A preserved baker's bellows at <i>Deutsches Werkzeugmuseum</i> (German Tools Museum) at <a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_with_old_bellows_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Harold_with_old_bellows_1976.jpg/220px-Harold_with_old_bellows_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Harold_with_old_bellows_1976.jpg/330px-Harold_with_old_bellows_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Harold_with_old_bellows_1976.jpg/440px-Harold_with_old_bellows_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Old bellows used on goldfield near <a href="/wiki/Milparinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Milparinka">Milparinka</a>, N.S.W., Australia. 1976.</figcaption></figure> <p>"Bellows" is only used in plural. The <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> name for "bellows" was <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">blǽstbęl(i)g</i></span>, <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">blást-bęl(i)g</i></span> 'blast-bag', 'blowing-bag'; the prefix was dropped and by the eleventh century the simple <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">bęlg</i></span>, <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">bylg</i></span>, <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">bylig</i></span> ('bag') was used. The word is <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">belly</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are similar words in <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, Swedish, and Danish and Dutch (blaasbalg), but the derivation is not certain. 'Bellows' appears not to be cognate with the apparently similar Latin <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/follis" class="extiw" title="wikt:follis">follis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Metallurgy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several processes, such as metallurgical iron <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a>, require so much heat that they could only be developed after the invention, in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">antiquity</a>, of the bellows. The bellows are used to deliver additional air to the fuel, raising the rate of combustion and therefore the heat output. </p><p>Various kinds of bellows are used in <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>: </p> <ul><li>Box bellows were and are traditionally used in East Asia.</li> <li>Pot bellows were used in ancient Egypt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatara_(furnace)" title="Tatara (furnace)">Tatara</a> foot bellows from Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a> bellows, with the characteristic pleated sides, have been used in Europe for many centuries.</li> <li>Piston bellows developed in Southeast Asia (probably by the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a>) using the principles of the similarly indigenous <a href="/wiki/Fire_piston" title="Fire piston">fire piston</a>. It led to the independent development of <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> metallurgy in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. They were present in various Southeast Asian cultures, and the technology was transported to <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian expansion">Austronesian expansion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Needham2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>The technology was later adopted and refined by the Han Chinese into the double-action piston bellows, replacing the native Chinese ox hide pot or drum bellows completely.<sup id="cite_ref-Needham2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Piston bellows were independently developed in the middle of the 18th century in Europe.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_bellows" title="Metal bellows">Metal bellows</a> were made to absorb axial movement in a dynamic condition. Often referred to as Axial Dynamics bellows types.</li></ul> <p>Chinese bellows were originally made of ox hide with two pots as described in <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a>'s book on military technology in the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> (4th century BC). By the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, contact with Southeast Asian cultures exposed the Chinese to the bamboo-based piston bellows of Southeast Asians. The acquired piston bellows technology completely replaced the Chinese ox hide bellows that by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, the ox hide bellows were completely extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-Needham2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> Chinese mechanical engineer <a href="/wiki/Du_Shi" title="Du Shi">Du Shi</a> (d. 38) is credited with being the first to use hydraulic power on a double-action piston pumps, through a <a href="/wiki/Waterwheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterwheel">waterwheel</a>, to operate bellows in metallurgy. His invention was used to operate piston bellows of blast furnaces in order to forge <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-needhamj_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needhamj-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">ancient Romans</a>, and other civilizations used bellows in <a href="/wiki/Bloomery" title="Bloomery">bloomery</a> furnaces producing <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a>. Bellows are also used to send pressurized air in a controlled manner in a fired heater. </p><p>In modern industry, reciprocating bellows are usually replaced with motorized blowers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double-acting_piston_bellows">Double-acting piston bellows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Double-acting piston bellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Double-acting piston bellows are a type of bellows used by <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmiths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Smelter">smelters</a> to increase the air flow going into the forge, with the property that air is blown out on both strokes of the handle (in contrast to simpler and more common bellows that blow air when the stroke is in one direction and refill the bellows in the other direction). These bellows blow a more constant, and thus stronger, blast than simple bellows.<sup id="cite_ref-craddock_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-craddock-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such bellows existed in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> at least since the 5th century BC, when it was invented, and had reached Europe by the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-temple-r_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-temple-r-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 240 BC, The ancient Greek inventor <a href="/wiki/Ctesibius" title="Ctesibius">Ctesibius</a> of Alexandria independently invented a double-action piston bellow used to lift water from one level to another.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A piston is enclosed in a rectangular box with a handle coming out one side. The <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">piston</a> edges are covered with feathers, fur, or soft paper to ensure that it is <a href="/wiki/Seal_(mechanical)" title="Seal (mechanical)">airtight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lubrication" title="Lubrication">lubricated</a>. As the piston is pulled, air enters from the far side and the air in the near chamber is compressed and forced into a side chamber, where it flows through the nozzle. Then as it is pushed air enters from the near side and the air in the far chamber flows through the same nozzle.<sup id="cite_ref-craddock_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-craddock-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-temple-r_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-temple-r-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double-lung_accordion_bellows">Double-lung accordion bellows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Double-lung accordion bellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These have three leaves. The middle leaf is fixed in place. The bottom leaf is moved up and down. The top leaf can move freely and has a weight on it. The bottom and the middle leaves contain valves, the top one does not. Only the top lung is connected to the spout. </p><p>When the bottom leaf is moved up, air is pumped from the bottom lung into the top lung. At the same time air is leaving the bellows from the top lung through the spout, but at a slower rate. This inflates the top lung. Next the bottom leaf is moved down to pull fresh air into the bellows. While this happens the weight on the top leaf pushes it down, so air keeps leaving through the spout. </p><p>This design does not increase the amount of air flow going into the forge, but provides a more constant air flow compared to a simple bellows. It also provides more even air flow than two simple bellows pumped alternately or one double-acting piston bellows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primitive_bellows">Primitive bellows</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Primitive bellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_pot_bellows_in_the_western_room,_Area_A,_looking_west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/The_pot_bellows_in_the_western_room%2C_Area_A%2C_looking_west.jpg/220px-The_pot_bellows_in_the_western_room%2C_Area_A%2C_looking_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/The_pot_bellows_in_the_western_room%2C_Area_A%2C_looking_west.jpg/330px-The_pot_bellows_in_the_western_room%2C_Area_A%2C_looking_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/The_pot_bellows_in_the_western_room%2C_Area_A%2C_looking_west.jpg/440px-The_pot_bellows_in_the_western_room%2C_Area_A%2C_looking_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Pot bellows (excavation)</figcaption></figure> <p>In archaeological ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, archaeologists have found primitive pot bellows, consisting of a ceramic pot to which a loose leather hide had been attached at the top. Such pot bellows were constructed with a wide rim, so that the hide covering would transmit a maximum amount of air when pumped. The covering was fastened to the pot with a cord under an out-turned rim, or in a groove just below the rim exterior. An opening near the base served to insert a pipe of perishable material whose purpose was to direct the air blast to either the furnace or crucible, and which was usually done through the mediation of a <a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuyère">tuyère</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuyères used in conjunction with pot bellows had the function of protecting the ends of perishable tubes leading from the pot into the fire. Places in <a href="/wiki/Saharan_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Saharan Africa">Saharan Africa</a> still make use of primitive pot bellows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_applications">Further applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluid_transfer_applications">Fluid transfer applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fluid transfer applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bellows are used extensively in hydraulic power circuits and cooling loops.</li> <li>They are an essential part of <a href="/wiki/Anesthesia_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Anesthesia machine">anesthesia machines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo_clock" title="Cuckoo clock">Cuckoo clocks</a> use bellows to blow air through their <a href="/wiki/Gedackt" title="Gedackt">gedackt</a> (pipes) and imitate the call of the Common Cuckoo bird.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a> may employ bellows as a substitute or regulator for air pressure provided by the human <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concertina" title="Concertina">concertina</a> and related instruments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed organ">Reed organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">Pipe organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musette_de_cour" title="Musette de cour">Musette de cour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uilleann_Pipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Uilleann Pipes">Uilleann Pipes</a> and some other varieties of <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">Harmonium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melodeon_(organ)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodeon (organ)">melodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portative_organ" title="Portative organ">Portative</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_joint_applications">Expansion joint applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Expansion joint applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "bellows" is used by extension for a number of applications that do not involve air transfer. </p> <ul><li>Bellows are widely used in industrial and mechanical applications such as rod boots, machinery way covers, lift covers and rail covers to protect rods, bearings and seals from dirt.</li> <li>Bellows are widely used on <a href="/wiki/Articulated_buses" class="mw-redirect" title="Articulated buses">articulated buses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trams" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams">trams</a>, to cover the joint where the vehicle bends.</li> <li>Bellows are used in mechanical aneroids by acting as a precision indicator of pressure levels based on their lateral movement.</li> <li>Bellows tubing, a type of lightweight, flexible, extensible tubing may be used for delivery of gas or air at near-ambient pressure, as in early <a href="/wiki/Aqua-lung" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua-lung">aqua-lung</a> designs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_camera" title="Folding camera">Folding</a> and <a href="/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view cameras</a> use bellows to exclude light while allowing the lens to be moved relative to the film plane for focusing and, mainly in view cameras, to allow the lens to slide and tilt to control the image (<a href="/wiki/View_camera#Movements" title="View camera">camera movements</a>).</li> <li>Piping <a href="/wiki/Expansion_joint" title="Expansion joint">expansion joint</a>: In this application, bellows are formed in series to absorb thermal movement and vibration in piping systems that transport high temperature media such as exhaust gases or steam.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beekeeping">Beekeeping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Beekeeping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bee_smoker" title="Bee smoker">Bee smokers</a> have bellows attached to the side to provide air to a slow burning fuel. This allows for an increased rate of combustion and a temporarily higher output of smoke on command, something desirable when calming <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">domesticated bees</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sealed_urethane_bellows.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Urethane bellows"><img alt="Urethane bellows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sealed_urethane_bellows.JPG/120px-Sealed_urethane_bellows.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sealed_urethane_bellows.JPG/180px-Sealed_urethane_bellows.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sealed_urethane_bellows.JPG/240px-Sealed_urethane_bellows.JPG 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Urethane bellows</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blowing_Smoke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A large bellows creates a mushroom cloud at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California."><img alt="A large bellows creates a mushroom cloud at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Blowing_Smoke.jpg/120px-Blowing_Smoke.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Blowing_Smoke.jpg/180px-Blowing_Smoke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Blowing_Smoke.jpg/240px-Blowing_Smoke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A large bellows creates a mushroom cloud at the <a href="/wiki/Exploratorium" title="Exploratorium">Exploratorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sylphon" title="Sylphon">Sylphon</a> for uses of metal bellows in experimental physics and engineering.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-bellows" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/2579804254">"bellows"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOED%2F2579804254">10.1093/OED/2579804254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=bellows&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F2579804254&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F2579804254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Needham2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Needham2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Needham2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Needham2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1970" class="citation book cs1">Needham, Joseph (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m_I8AAAAIAAJ"><i>Clerks and Craftsmen in China and the Est</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 155–167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clerks+and+Craftsmen+in+China+and+the+Est&rft.pages=155-167&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm_I8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-needhamj-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-needhamj_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1965" class="citation book cs1">Needham, J. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SeGyrCfYs2AC&pg=PA370"><i>Science and Civilisation in China, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-05803-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-05803-2"><bdi>978-0-521-05803-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilisation+in+China%2C+Part+2%2C+Mechanical+Engineering&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0-521-05803-2&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSeGyrCfYs2AC%26pg%3DPA370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-craddock-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-craddock_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-craddock_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Craddock, Paul T. <i>Early Metal Mining and Production</i>. pp. 183-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-temple-r-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-temple-r_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-temple-r_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemple2007" class="citation book cs1">Temple, Robert K.G. (2007). <i>The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention</i> (3rd ed.). London: André Deutsch. pp. 46–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-233-00202-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-233-00202-6"><bdi>978-0-233-00202-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genius+of+China%3A+3%2C000+Years+of+Science%2C+Discovery%2C+and+Invention&rft.place=London&rft.pages=46-49&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Andr%C3%A9+Deutsch&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-233-00202-6&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Doherty2012" class="citation book cs1">O'Doherty, Mark (November 24, 2012). <i>Let There be Peace - Ascension to Ivisimara</i>. Lulu.com. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1291208917" title="Special:BookSources/978-1291208917"><bdi>978-1291208917</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Let+There+be+Peace+-+Ascension+to+Ivisimara&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2012-11-24&rft.isbn=978-1291208917&rft.aulast=O%27Doherty&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Newton2012" class="citation book cs1">E. Newton, David (2012). <i>World Energy Crisis: A Reference Handbook</i>. ABC-CLIO (published November 5, 2012). p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610691475" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610691475"><bdi>978-1610691475</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Energy+Crisis%3A+A+Reference+Handbook&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1610691475&rft.aulast=E.+Newton&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilboaSharonZornMatskevich2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gilboa, Ayelet; Sharon, Ilan; Zorn, Jeffrey R.; Matskevich, Sveta (2018). "Excavations at Dor, Final Report: Volume IIB Area G, The Late Bronze and Iron Ages: Pottery, Artifacts, Ecofacts and other Studies". <i>Qedem Reports</i>. <b>11</b>. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem: III–340. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26493565">26493565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qedem+Reports&rft.atitle=Excavations+at+Dor%2C+Final+Report%3A+Volume+IIB+Area+G%2C+The+Late+Bronze+and+Iron+Ages%3A+Pottery%2C+Artifacts%2C+Ecofacts+and+other+Studies&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=III-340&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26493565%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gilboa&rft.aufirst=Ayelet&rft.au=Sharon%2C+Ilan&rft.au=Zorn%2C+Jeffrey+R.&rft.au=Matskevich%2C+Sveta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070919010534/http://www.archaeogate.org/egittologia/article/182/8/mersa-gawasis-red-sea-egypt-unoisiao-and-bu-2003-2004-f.html">"Mersa Gawasis (Red Sea - Egypt): UNO/IsIAO and BU 2003-2004 Field Season under direction of Rodolfo Fattovich and Kathryn Bard"</a>. <i>archaeogate.org</i>. 2004-10-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeogate.org/egittologia/article/182/8/mersa-gawasis-red-sea-egypt-unoisiao-and-bu-2003-2004-f.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archaeogate.org&rft.atitle=Mersa+Gawasis+%28Red+Sea+-+Egypt%29%3A+UNO%2FIsIAO+and+BU+2003-2004+Field+Season+under+direction+of+Rodolfo+Fattovich+and+Kathryn+Bard&rft.date=2004-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeogate.org%2Fegittologia%2Farticle%2F182%2F8%2Fmersa-gawasis-red-sea-egypt-unoisiao-and-bu-2003-2004-f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGernet1972" class="citation book cs1">Gernet, Jacques (1972). <i>A History of Chinese Civilization</i>. Translated by Foster, J. R. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chinese+Civilization&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABellows" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellows&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bellows" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bellows">bellows</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bellows" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bellows">Bellows</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFMoyseMoyse"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4325769A">US Patent 4325769A</a>, Moyse, Richard J. & Moyse, Clarence L., "Method of Making Bellows"</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=4325769A&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Method+of+Making+Bellows&rft.inventor=Moyse&rft.appldate=Jan 1980"><span style="display: 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