CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Modesty - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7d0586cc-1201-430d-a822-a2e44403c1b4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Modesty","wgTitle":"Modesty","wgCurRevisionId":1256725956,"wgRevisionId":1256725956,"wgArticleId":106121,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: generic name","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles to be expanded from October 2013","All articles to be expanded","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing Catalan-language text","Articles containing Italian-language text","Modesty","Philosophy of love","Seven virtues"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Modesty","wgRelevantArticleId":106121,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11199149", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="644"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="429"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="343"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Modesty - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modesty"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modesty"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Modesty rootpage-Modesty skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Modesty" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Modesty" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Modesty" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Modesty" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In the law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_medical_settings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_medical_settings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In medical settings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_medical_settings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In dress</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_dress-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In dress subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generally_accepted_Western_norms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generally_accepted_Western_norms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Generally accepted Western norms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generally_accepted_Western_norms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_differences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_differences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gender differences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_differences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anabaptists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anabaptists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Anabaptists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anabaptists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Methodists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pentecostals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentecostals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Pentecostals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentecostals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.5</span> <span>Quakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.6</span> <span>Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Current trends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Men</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Men</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In the arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Modesty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="احتشام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="احتشام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="শালীনতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শালীনতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Скромност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скромност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudor" title="Pudor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pudor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Сăпайлăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăпайлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bescheidenheit" title="Bescheidenheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bescheidenheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagasihoidlikkus" title="Tagasihoidlikkus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tagasihoidlikkus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudor" title="Pudor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pudor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudoro" title="Pudoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pudoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="حیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudeur" title="Pudeur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pudeur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudoro" title="Pudoro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pudoro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudore" title="Pudore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pudore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA" title="צניעות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צניעות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bescheidenheid" title="Bescheidenheid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bescheidenheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudor" title="Pudor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pudor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wstydliwo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Wstydliwość – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wstydliwość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudor" title="Pudor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pudor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudoare" title="Pudoare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pudoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Скромность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Скромность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="විළිබිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විළිබිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Modesty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="حيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Скромност – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Скромност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skromnost" title="Skromnost – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Skromnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bini" title="Bini – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bini" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Скромність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Скромність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91oan_trang" title="Sự đoan trang – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sự đoan trang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%BA%84" title="端庄 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="端庄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11199149#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Modesty" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modesty"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modesty"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Modesty" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Modesty" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&oldid=1256725956" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Modesty&id=1256725956&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModesty"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModesty"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Modesty&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modesty" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Modesty" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11199149" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mode of dress and deportment which intends to avoid encouraging of sexual attraction in others</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about body modesty. For the concept of modesty in a broader sense, see <a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">humility</a>. For the sculpture, see <a href="/wiki/Modesty_(Corradini_sculpture)" title="Modesty (Corradini sculpture)">Modesty (Corradini sculpture)</a>. For the 2007 Spanish film, see <a href="/wiki/Modesty_(film)" title="Modesty (film)">Modesty (film)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Modest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Modest (disambiguation)">Modest</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modesty_Chambard_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Modesty_Chambard_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/170px-Modesty_Chambard_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Modesty_Chambard_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/255px-Modesty_Chambard_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Modesty_Chambard_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg/340px-Modesty_Chambard_cour_Carree_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="3277" /></a><figcaption><i>Modesty</i>, sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Louis-L%C3%A9opold_Chambard" title="Louis-Léopold Chambard">Louis-Léopold Chambard</a>, 1861</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg/220px-CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg/330px-CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg/440px-CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Recreation on a California beach in the first decade of the 20th century</figcaption></figure><p><b>Modesty</b>, sometimes known as <b>demureness</b>, is a mode of dress and deportment which intends to avoid the encouraging of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">sexual attraction</a> in others. The word <i>modesty</i> comes from the Latin word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modestus" class="extiw" title="wikt:modestus">modestus</a></i> which means 'keeping within measure'.<sup id="cite_ref-Jennett,_Sheila_2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jennett,_Sheila_2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this use, revealing certain body parts is considered inappropriate, thus immodest. In conservative <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern">Middle Eastern</a> societies, modesty may involve women completely covering their bodies with a <a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">burqa</a> and not talking to men who are not immediate family members. In Christian <a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a> and similar sects, it may involve women wearing only ankle-length skirts, blouses up to the collar, and often a <a href="/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women" title="Head covering for Christian women">small head covering or shawl</a>. Among both and others, a <a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">one-piece swimsuit</a> may be considered modest while wearing a <a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">bikini</a> is not. In most countries, exposure of the body in breach of community standards of modesty, as well as <a href="/wiki/Public_nudity" class="mw-redirect" title="Public nudity">public nudity</a>, is considered <a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">indecent exposure</a> and is usually punished by law. </p><p>Nudity may be acceptable in public single-sex <a href="/wiki/Changing_room" title="Changing room">changing rooms</a> at <a href="/wiki/Swimming_bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimming bath">swimming baths</a>, for example, or for mass <a href="/wiki/Medical_examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical examination">medical examinations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">military personnel</a>. A person who would never disrobe in the presence of the opposite sex in a social context might unquestioningly do so for a medical examination, while others might allow such examination but only by a person of the same sex. </p><p>Overall, standards of modesty vary widely around the world because of sociocultural and contextual differences and particular situations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Body">Body</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1868-skirt-lengths-girl-ages-Harpers-Bazar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1868-skirt-lengths-girl-ages-Harpers-Bazar.gif/160px-1868-skirt-lengths-girl-ages-Harpers-Bazar.gif" decoding="async" width="160" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/1868-skirt-lengths-girl-ages-Harpers-Bazar.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>1868 diagram from <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar" title="Harper's Bazaar">Harper's Bazaar</a></i> showing proper girls' skirt lengths increasing as they grow up</figcaption></figure> <p>Standards of modesty discourage or forbid exposure of parts of the body, varying between societies, which may include areas of skin, the hair, <a href="/wiki/Undergarments" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergarments">undergarments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Intimate parts">intimate parts</a>. The standards may also require obscuring the shape of the body or parts of it by wearing non-<a href="/wiki/Form-fitting_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Form-fitting clothing">form-fitting clothing</a>. There are also customs regarding the changing of clothes (such as on a beach with no enclosed facilities), and the closing or locking of the door when changing or taking a shower. </p><p>Standards of modesty vary by culture or generation and vary depending on who is exposed, which parts of the body are exposed, the duration of the exposure, the context, and other variables. The categories of persons who could see another's body could include: </p> <ul><li>a spouse or romantic partner of some sort,</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Friendship" title="Friendship">friend</a> or <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">family</a> member of the same sex,</li> <li>strangers of the same sex.</li></ul> <p>The context would include matters such as whether it is in one's own home, at another family member's home, at a friend's home, at a semi-public place, at a beach, swimming pool (including whether such venues are considered <a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">clothes-optional</a>), <a href="/wiki/Changing_room" title="Changing room">changing rooms</a> or other public places. For instance, wearing a <a href="/wiki/Bathing_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathing suit">bathing suit</a> at the beach would not be considered immodest, while it likely would be in a street or an office. The context may change during specific events or rituals such as <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras_in_New_Orleans" title="Mardi Gras in New Orleans">Mardi Gras in New Orleans</a><sup id="cite_ref-shrum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shrum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sparks_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sparks-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or during neopagan <a href="/wiki/Skyclad_(Neopaganism)" title="Skyclad (Neopaganism)">Skyclad</a> work.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excessive modesty is called <a href="/wiki/Prude" title="Prude">prudishness</a>. As a medical condition, it is also called <a href="/wiki/Gymnophobia" title="Gymnophobia">gymnophobia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excessive <i>immodesty</i> is called <a href="/wiki/Exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism">exhibitionism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_law">In the law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Law"></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Indian Penal Code</a> (IPC), and penal codes of other nations other nations based on IPC such as <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Penal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore Penal Code">Singapore Penal Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penal_Code_(Malaysia)" title="Penal Code (Malaysia)">Malaysian Penal Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">Pakistan Penal Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Penal_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Penal Code">Bangladesh Penal Code</a>, etc have gender-specific female-oriented <a href="/wiki/Cognisable_offence" title="Cognisable offence">cognisable offences</a> and punishment to protect women which include imprisonment for the outraging of modesty of a woman. For example, "IPC Section 354" deals with the use of criminal force for outraging the modesty which is punishable with imprisonment up to 5 years,<sup id="cite_ref-britej1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britej1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "IPC Section 354(A)" for <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a>, "IPC Section 354D" for <a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">stalking</a>, "IPC Section 509" for using words gesture selections to outrage the modesty of a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-britej2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britej2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-britej3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britej3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britej4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britej4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britej5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britej5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britej6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britej6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Well known cases are <a href="/wiki/Tarun_Tejpal" title="Tarun Tejpal">Tarun Tejpal</a> who was acquitted<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Brij_Bhushan_Sharan_Singh" title="Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh">Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh</a> who is <a href="/wiki/Chargesheet" title="Chargesheet">chargesheeted</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2023_Indian_wrestlers%27_protest#Chargesheet" title="2023 Indian wrestlers' protest">2023 Indian wrestlers' protest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_medical_settings">In medical settings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In medical settings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modesty_in_medical_settings" title="Modesty in medical settings">Modesty in medical settings</a></div> <p>At times of public or private <a href="/wiki/Emergency" title="Emergency">emergency</a>, expectations of modest dress may be suspended if necessary. This may apply to decontamination after a chemical or biological attack, where removal of contaminated clothing is important, or escaping from a night-time fire without time to dress. For example, during suspected <a href="/wiki/Anthrax" title="Anthrax">anthrax</a> attacks in 1998 and 2001 in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, groups of people had to strip to their underwear in tents set up in parking lots and other public places for hosing down by fire departments.<sup id="cite_ref-archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, even in an emergency situation, some people are unable to abandon their need to hide their bodies, even at the risk of their life.<sup id="cite_ref-archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_dress">In dress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg/220px-Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg/330px-Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg/440px-Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1901" /></a><figcaption>Orthodox pilgrim in the Laure of Kyiv-Perchesk. Pilgrims have to wear modest clothes and women and girls must cover their hair when entering a church or monastery.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immodest_ukrainians_bangladesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Immodest_ukrainians_bangladesh.jpg/220px-Immodest_ukrainians_bangladesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Immodest_ukrainians_bangladesh.jpg/330px-Immodest_ukrainians_bangladesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Immodest_ukrainians_bangladesh.jpg/440px-Immodest_ukrainians_bangladesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Three <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> men, wearing <a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">trunks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">briefs</a>, attract attention for immodesty relative to the local norm in <a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar" title="Cox's Bazar">Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>Most discussion of modesty involves clothing. The criteria for acceptable modesty and <a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">decency</a> have relaxed continuously in much of the world since the nineteenth century, with <a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">shorter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Form-fitting_garment" title="Form-fitting garment">form-fitting</a>, and more revealing clothing and swimsuits, more for women than men. Most people wear clothes that they consider not to be unacceptably immodest for their religion, culture, generation, occasion, and the people present. Some wear clothes which they consider immodest, due to <a href="/wiki/Exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism">exhibitionism</a>, the desire to create an <a href="/wiki/Erotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic">erotic</a> impact, or for publicity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generally_accepted_Western_norms">Generally accepted Western norms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Generally accepted Western norms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Appropriate modesty depends on context and place. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">single-sex</a> <a href="/wiki/Change_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Change room">public changing rooms</a>, nudity is often acceptable.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Western and some other societies, there are differences of opinion as to how much body exposure is acceptable in public.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contemporary Western society, the extent to which a woman may expose <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(breasts)" title="Cleavage (breasts)">cleavage</a> depends on social, cultural and regional context. Women's <a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">swimsuits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">bikinis</a> commonly may reveal the tops and sides of the breasts, or they may be topless as is common on the beaches of <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>. Displaying cleavage is considered permissible in many settings, and is even a sign of elegance and sophistication on many formal social occasions, but it may be considered inappropriate in settings such as workplaces, churches and schools. Showing the <a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">nipples</a> or <a href="/wiki/Areolae" class="mw-redirect" title="Areolae">areolae</a> is almost always considered <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">toplessness</a> or partial <a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">nudity</a>. However, in 2014 newly elected Pope Francis drew world-wide commentary when he encouraged mothers to breastfeed in church if their babies were hungry.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In private homes, the standards of modesty apply selectively. For instance, nudity among close family members in the home can take place, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Bedroom" title="Bedroom">bedroom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">bathroom</a>, and wearing of only undergarments in the home is common. </p><p>In many cultures it is not acceptable to bare the buttocks in public; <a href="/wiki/Mooning" title="Mooning">deliberately doing so</a> is sometimes intended as an insult. In public, Western standards of decency expect people to cover their <a href="/wiki/Genitalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Genitalia">genitalia</a>, and women to cover their <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breasts</a>. </p><p>Since the 1980s it has become more common for young women in Western societies to wear clothing that bared the midriff, "short shorts", backless tops, sheer and other styles considered to be immodest.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States in the early twenty-first century, public <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a> has become increasingly acceptable, sometimes protected by law.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Barack Obama's <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">health care bill from 2010</a> provides additional support to nursing mothers, requiring employers to provide a private and shielded space for employees to use in order to nurse.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_differences">Gender differences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gender differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Femmes-Amish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Femmes-Amish.jpg/220px-Femmes-Amish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Femmes-Amish.jpg/330px-Femmes-Amish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Femmes-Amish.jpg/440px-Femmes-Amish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1375" /></a><figcaption>Modesty in dress is a relative cultural concept, even in the West, as seen above in the <a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">plain dress</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> women on an American beach in 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>Men and women are subject to different standards of modesty in dress. While both men and women, in Western culture, are generally expected to keep their genitals covered at all times, women are also expected to keep their breasts covered. Some body parts are normally more covered by men than women—e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">midriff</a> and the upper part of the back. </p><p>In 1992 New York State's highest court accepted <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> arguments and struck down the provision in New York's <i>Exposure of the Person</i> statute that made it illegal for women to bare their chests where men were permitted to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_traditions">Religious traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religious traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_Monks_-_Angkor_Wat_-_Cambodia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buddhist_Monks_-_Angkor_Wat_-_Cambodia.JPG/220px-Buddhist_Monks_-_Angkor_Wat_-_Cambodia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buddhist_Monks_-_Angkor_Wat_-_Cambodia.JPG/330px-Buddhist_Monks_-_Angkor_Wat_-_Cambodia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buddhist_Monks_-_Angkor_Wat_-_Cambodia.JPG/440px-Buddhist_Monks_-_Angkor_Wat_-_Cambodia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Modesty in dress for Buddhist monks visiting the Hindu-Buddhist temple complex <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a>, Cambodia</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and sexuality</a></div> <p>Most world religions have sought to address the moral issues that arise from people's <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a> in society and in human interactions. Each major religion has developed <a href="/wiki/Moral_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral code">moral codes</a> covering issues of sexuality, morality, ethics, etc. Besides other aspects of sexuality, these moral codes seek to regulate the situations which can give rise to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual interest">sexual interest</a> and to influence people's behaviour and practices which could arouse such interest, or which overstate a person's sexuality. These religious codes have always had a strong influence on people's attitudes to issues of modesty in dress, behaviour, speech, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Modesty (appicchatà or hiri) is the quality of being unpretentious about one's virtues or achievements. Genuinely modest people are able to see themselves as they really are and rejoice in their good qualities without becoming vain or self-promoting, and acknowledge their faults without shame or self-loathing.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modesty in dress is important in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. The Sekhiya rules of <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%ADimokkha" title="Pāṭimokkha">Buddhist Monastic code</a>, for example, provide guidelines on proper clothing as well as recommended ways of dressing for monks.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I will wear the lower robe [upper robe] wrapped around (me): a training to be observed.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Code 1.2, Sekhiya Rule, <sup id="cite_ref-Buddhist_Monastic_Code_I_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buddhist_Monastic_Code_I-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I will not go [sit] with robes hitched up in inhabited areas: a training to be observed.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Code 9.10, Sekhiya Rule, <sup id="cite_ref-Buddhist_Monastic_Code_I_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buddhist_Monastic_Code_I-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The 'robes hitched up' phrase above refers to lifting one's 1 or 2 piece cloth robe, thereby exposing either side or both sides of one's body to other human beings in an inhabited area. Such exhibitionism is not recommended to monks. Beyond monks, the Buddhist belief is that modesty has a purifying quality for everyone.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Luther_Preaching_to_Faithful_(1561).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Martin_Luther_Preaching_to_Faithful_%281561%29.jpg/220px-Martin_Luther_Preaching_to_Faithful_%281561%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Martin_Luther_Preaching_to_Faithful_%281561%29.jpg/330px-Martin_Luther_Preaching_to_Faithful_%281561%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Martin_Luther_Preaching_to_Faithful_%281561%29.jpg/440px-Martin_Luther_Preaching_to_Faithful_%281561%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>A painting of the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a> shows women wearing a <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">headcovering</a>. </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg/220px-Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg/330px-Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg/440px-Te_Deum_Elizarovo_Guslitsa_8484.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Women seen in modest dress outside a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Old-Rite_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church">Russian Orthodox Christian, Old-Rite</a> church</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_converted_to_Christianity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Women_converted_to_Christianity.jpg/220px-Women_converted_to_Christianity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Women_converted_to_Christianity.jpg/330px-Women_converted_to_Christianity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Women_converted_to_Christianity.jpg/440px-Women_converted_to_Christianity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An engraving of Christian women in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (1869)</figcaption></figure> <p>There are verses in the Christian Bible that discuss the issue of modesty.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">fall of man</a>, "Nakedness was 'very good' from the beginning, but its innocence was corrupted by the fall", a concept taught in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#1:31" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 1:31</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#2:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 2:25</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 3:8–10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#3:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 3:18</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#16:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 16:15</a> discuss that after the fall of man, "publicly exposed nakedness is a symbol of the shame of sin."<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 3:7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> tried to cover their nakedness, though their attempt was inadequate for God and so God properly clothed humans in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#3:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 3:21</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson2019_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson2019-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#20:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 20:26</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#28:42" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 28:42–43</a> explicate that God instructed humans to cover their torso and thighs.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Timothy#2:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Timothy">1 Timothy 2:9–10</a> instructs Christians to dress in "modest apparel" rather than to adorn themselves; in the same vein, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> wrote to Christians that "Your adornment should not be an external one: braiding the hair, wearing gold jewelry, or dressing in fine clothes, but rather the hidden character of the heart, expressed in the imperishable beauty of a gentle and calm disposition, which is precious in the sight of God" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Peter#3:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Peter">1 Peter 3:3–4</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Winger1919_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winger1919-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, female communicants of traditional Christian denominations (including <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Muir2005_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muir2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USA2012_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA2012-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dehejia2005_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dehejia2005-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan2010_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan2010-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Snodgrass2015_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snodgrass2015-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Henold2008_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henold2008-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wore a <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">headcovering</a> while praying at home and worshipping in the church, or all the time as with <a href="/wiki/Anabaptists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptists">Anabaptists</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bruderhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruderhof">Bruderhof</a>, in keeping with their interpretation of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:2–16&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 11:2–16</a>, which has been practiced since the time of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bercot1992_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bercot1992-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Tradition" title="Apostolic Tradition">Apostolic Tradition</a> commands: "let all the women have their heads covered with an opaque cloth, not with a veil of thin linen, for this is not a true covering."<sup id="cite_ref-Bercot1992_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bercot1992-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Classical2012_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Classical2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 347</span> – 407) delineated Saint Paul's teaching on the wearing of headcoverings by Christian women, continually:<sup id="cite_ref-OCIC_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCIC-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schaff1889_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff1889-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Well then: the man he compelleth not to be always uncovered, but only when he prays. "For every man," saith he, "praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoureth his head." But the woman he commands to be at all times covered. Wherefore also having said, "Every woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head unveiled, dishonoureth her head," he stayed not at this point only, but also proceeded to say, "for it is one and the same thing as if she were shaven." But if to be shaven is always dishonourable, it is plain too that being uncovered is always a reproach. And not even with this only was he content, but he added again, saying, "The woman ought to have a sign of authority on her head, because of the angels." He signifies that not at the time of prayer only but also continually, she ought to be covered. But with regard to the man, it is no longer about covering but about wearing long hair, that he so forms his discourse. To be covered he then only forbids, when a man is praying; but the wearing of long hair he discourages at all times.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff1889_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff1889-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OCIC_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCIC-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>These ancient Christian practices regarding modesty continue to be normative among Christians in regions such as in Eastern Europe and in South Asia, though they have waned in the Western world starting in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Flinn2014_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flinn2014-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Trinitarian Christians consider modesty extremely important,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though considerable differences of opinion exist about its requirements and purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a> stressed the importance of modesty in the practice of Christianity, with early Church Father <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> teaching:<sup id="cite_ref-Winger1919_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winger1919-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Classical2012_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Classical2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Woman and man are to go to church decently attired, with natural step, embracing silence, possessing unfeigned love, pure in body, pure in heart, fit to pray to God. Let the woman observe this, further. Let her be entirely covered, unless she happen to be at home. For that style of dress is grave, and protects from being gazed at. And she will never fall, who puts before her eyes modesty, and her shawl; nor will she invite another to fall into sin by uncovering her face. For this is the wish of the Word, since it is becoming for her to pray veiled. (<i><a href="/wiki/Paedagogus" title="Paedagogus">The Instructor</a></i> 3.11)<sup id="cite_ref-Classical2012_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Classical2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The early Christian manual <a href="/wiki/Paedagogus" title="Paedagogus">Paedagogus</a> (198 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>) teaches that clothing worn by faithful Christians should extend beyond the knees and warns against the wearing of expensive clothing, in addition to forbidding the excesses of jewelry:<sup id="cite_ref-Steinberg2020_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steinberg2020-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As, then, in the fashioning of our clothes, we must keep clear of all strangeness, so in the use of them we must beware of extravagance. For neither is it seemly for the clothes to be above the knee, as they say was the case with the Lacedaemonian virgins; nor is it becoming for any part of a woman to be exposed. Though you may with great propriety use the language addressed to him who said, "Your arm is beautiful; yes, but it is not for the public gaze. Your thighs are beautiful but, was the reply, for my husband alone. And your face is comely. Yes; but only for him who has married me." But I do not wish chaste women to afford cause for such praises to those who, by praises, hunt after grounds of censure; and not only because it is prohibited to expose the ankle, but because it has been enjoined that the head should be veiled and the face covered; for it is a wicked thing for beauty to be a snare to men.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexandria_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexandria-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Early ecclesiastical writer <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> echoed the same teachings regarding modesty in his <i>On the Apparel of Women</i>, also including a prohibition on Christian men and women <a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">dyeing</a> their hair.<sup id="cite_ref-Knight_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knight-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than to ostentatiously display the hair, Tertullian said that Christian women are to wear a <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">headcovering</a> in public.<sup id="cite_ref-Knight_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knight-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught that Christians should be able to be easily distinguished from non-Christians by their wearing of modest clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Knight_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knight-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anabaptists">Anabaptists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Anabaptists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niagara_Falls_-_panoramio_(69).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Niagara_Falls_-_panoramio_%2869%29.jpg/220px-Niagara_Falls_-_panoramio_%2869%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Niagara_Falls_-_panoramio_%2869%29.jpg/330px-Niagara_Falls_-_panoramio_%2869%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Niagara_Falls_-_panoramio_%2869%29.jpg/440px-Niagara_Falls_-_panoramio_%2869%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2158" data-file-height="2579" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist Christian">Anabaptist Christian</a> lady wearing a <a href="/wiki/Cape_dress" title="Cape dress">cape dress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">headcovering</a> </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology#Modesty_and_woman's_veiling" title="Anabaptist theology">Anabaptist theology § Modesty and woman's veiling</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Plain_people" title="Plain people">Plain people</a></div> <p>Many Christians belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Anabaptist">Conservative Anabaptist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Order Anabaptist">Old Order Anabaptist</a> traditions (including the <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite" title="Old Order Mennonite">Old Order Mennonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Christian_Church" title="Apostolic Christian Church">Apostolic Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charity_Christian_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity Christian Fellowship">Charity Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Brethren" title="River Brethren">River Brethren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau Brethren</a>) have <a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">plain dress</a> prescriptions designed to achieve modesty and create a sense of church identity, as Petrovich writes: "Their dress standard is not only intended to specify a pattern which all members agree to be a modest covering for the human form but must also correspond to their vision of Jesus as meek and humble, dressed as a simple peasant from a common village. Since an established dress standard promotes uniformity, it also provides a sense of shared purpose."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These requirements are either written in denominational or congregational statements<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or are understood and reinforced through informal pressure and ministerial reminders.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Requirements vary across churches and denominations; however, all conservative Anabaptist women wear <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">Christian headcoverings</a> and a skirt or dress, and all men wear long trousers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From there, considerable variation exists in men's, women's, and children's styles. Anabaptist adherents read a church group's relative strictness, distance from popular culture, and even religious ideas by their appearance and the speed of dress changes. Accordingly, the extent to which popular fashion elements show up in an Anabaptist person's dress often depends on the social distance of that church from popular culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, women's headcoverings have numerous subtle design elements that distinguish church association, age, and attitude toward modest dress.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women in more fashion-conscious groups, especially among some Conservative Mennonites as well as young adults among some Old Order Amish, may wear a lacy doily that fits a stylized appearance, whereas groups and individuals holding to a distinctive form of modesty wear a fixed-style <a href="/wiki/Kapp_(headcovering)" title="Kapp (headcovering)">kapp</a> with a back part that covers the hair bun and is pleated to a front part that vertically encircles the head.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Churches vary in how much members may experiment with modesty and fashion in dress. Some groups, for example, may be less inclined to censure tight dresses so long as the church's distinctive style is maintained<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to censure popular swimwear worn while swimming in groups or in public;<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others carefully observe and embrace their church's pattern for modest, distinct dress on all non-private occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dress_code_sign_Even_the_body_has_its_own_language,_Cathedral_of_Lecce,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dress_code_sign_Even_the_body_has_its_own_language%2C_Cathedral_of_Lecce%2C_2010.jpg/220px-Dress_code_sign_Even_the_body_has_its_own_language%2C_Cathedral_of_Lecce%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dress_code_sign_Even_the_body_has_its_own_language%2C_Cathedral_of_Lecce%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Dress_code_sign_Even_the_body_has_its_own_language%2C_Cathedral_of_Lecce%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dress_code_sign_Even_the_body_has_its_own_language%2C_Cathedral_of_Lecce%2C_2010.jpg/440px-Dress_code_sign_Even_the_body_has_its_own_language%2C_Cathedral_of_Lecce%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2131" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption>A placard "Dress with dignity and respect the sacred place" informs visitors about the minimum dress standards required to enter the <a href="/wiki/Lecce_Cathedral" title="Lecce Cathedral">Lecce Cathedral</a> in Italy.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> points out that "Modesty is decency. It inspires one's choice of clothing" (CCC, 2522)."<sup id="cite_ref-Pivarunas1996_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pivarunas1996-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wearing of a <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">veil</a> (headcovering) for women while praying at home and while worshipping at <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> has been practiced by Christian women since the time of the early Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Bercot1992_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bercot1992-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fisher2019_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher2019-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sciba2018_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sciba2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wearing of headcoverings during the celebration of the liturgy was mandated as a universal rule for the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)#Codification" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">Code of Canon Law of 1917</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abrogated by the <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">Code of Canon Law of 1983</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The standards issued by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> declared that "women who wear immodest dress shall be denied <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a>, and shall not be admitted as a godmother at <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> or as a sponsor at <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Joselit2014_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joselit2014-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pivarunas1996_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pivarunas1996-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They further stated "Nuns, in accordance with the Letter of 23 August 1928, of the Sacred Congregation of Religious, shall not admit to their colleges, schools, oratories, or amusement centers, nor allow to remain there any girls who do not observe Christian modesty in dress; and in the education of their charges they shall take special care to sow deeply in their hearts a love of chastity and Christian modesty. </p><p>Pope Pius XI also issued the standard of decent dress, declaring that "A dress cannot be called decent which is cut deeper than two fingers breadth under the pit of the throat; which does not cover the arms at least to the elbows; and scarcely reaches a bit beyond the knees. Furthermore, dresses of transparent materials are improper." </p><p>Between 1933 and 1980, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Legion_of_Decency" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Legion of Decency">Catholic Legion of Decency</a> was active in monitoring morally objectionable content in films. It condemned a number of films, including several on account of the clothing worn. For example, <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_condemned_by_the_Legion_of_Decency" title="List of films condemned by the Legion of Decency">the Legion has condemned</a> the display of <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(breasts)" title="Cleavage (breasts)">cleavage</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Outlaw" title="The Outlaw">The Outlaw</a></i> (1941) and in <i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Line" title="The French Line">The French Line</a></i> (1954). </p><p>In 1944 on the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>, the so-called "Marylike Crusade" (formally known as the "Purity Crusade of Mary Immaculate") was initiated by Rev. Bernard Kunkel to codify <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius' XII</a> directives on the Catholic standards of dress, known as "Marylike modesty".<sup id="cite_ref-Evans2012_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans2012-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seeks for Christians to emulate the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> under the title "Mother Most Chaste" as the model for modesty.<sup id="cite_ref-MSGH2017_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSGH2017-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary-like Modesty includes for women, wearing sleeves "extending at least to the elbows" and "skirts reaching below the knees", as well as having a neckline no more than two inches with the rest of the bodice fully covered.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans2012_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans2012-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marylike Crusade promotes a vow for Catholics to take: "While I am determined always to dress with Marylike modesty, both at home and in public, I intend to be specially careful to do so when visiting any place dedicated to God."<sup id="cite_ref-O'Toole2018_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Toole2018-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marylike Crusade received an <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Blessing" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Blessing">Apostolic Blessing</a> from Pope Pius XII on 14 July 1954 and on 11 May 1955, Pope Pius XII extended this "to the members, to their Directors and Moderators, to their families and loved ones, and to all who further their laudable movement for modesty in dress and behaviour."<sup id="cite_ref-MSGH2017_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSGH2017-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standards of Mary-like Modesty established by the Purity Crusade of Mary Immaculate continue to be promoted by Traditionalist Catholics as normative.<sup id="cite_ref-CMRI_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMRI-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004 <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Anthony_Okogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Anthony Okogie">Cardinal Anthony Okogie</a> sent letters to the priests in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Lagos" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lagos">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lagos</a> and asked them to prohibit "fashions promoting lust and immorality" within churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Blunt2004_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blunt2004-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under this rubric, people wearing "clothes which reveal sensitive parts of the body such as the bust, chest, belly, or upper arms, transparent clothing or dresses with slits above the knees" are forbidden to attend <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> inside the church.<sup id="cite_ref-Blunt2004_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blunt2004-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The faithful Catholics in the Archdiocese have been wholly supportive of the dictum concerning modesty, with many women practicing <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">Christian headcovering</a> with the Virgin Mary as their model.<sup id="cite_ref-Blunt2004_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blunt2004-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Catholics have attempted to form cohesive theories of modesty. Sometimes this is from a sociological perspective,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while at other times it takes a more systematic, <a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomistic</a> approach, combined with the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approaches arguing primarily from traditional practices and traditional authorities, such as the saints, can also be found.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In various localities, from time to time the church hierarchy have given opinions on various matters regarding dressing and modesty of the faithful.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas the Great</a> wrote to the first Christian ruler of Bulgaria, Boris I, in the 9th century, that it was acceptable for the Bulgarian women to continue to wear trousers, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Siri" title="Giuseppe Siri">Giuseppe Cardinal Siri</a> stated in 1960 that <a href="/wiki/Trousers_as_women%27s_clothing" title="Trousers as women's clothing">trousers were unacceptable dress for women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many traditional Catholics have attempted to further expand on this latter standard.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1913, it became fashionable for dresses to be worn with a modest round or V-shaped neckline. In the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, for example, all <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> bishops joined in issuing a pastoral letter attacking the new fashions.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Methodists">Methodists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Methodists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girls_at_Methodist_camp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Girls_at_Methodist_camp.png/350px-Girls_at_Methodist_camp.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Girls_at_Methodist_camp.png/525px-Girls_at_Methodist_camp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Girls_at_Methodist_camp.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/AWMC" class="mw-redirect" title="AWMC">Wesleyan Methodist</a> girls enter the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_(Methodist)" title="Tabernacle (Methodist)">tabernacle</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">camp meeting</a>. </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Outward_holiness" title="Outward holiness">Outward holiness</a></div> <p>Methodists belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_holiness_movement" title="Conservative holiness movement">conservative holiness movement</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Wesleyan_Methodist_Connection" title="Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection">Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Wesleyan_Church" title="Evangelical Wesleyan Church">Evangelical Wesleyan Church</a>, have guidelines on modest apparel in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan-Arminian" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesleyan-Arminian">Wesleyan-Arminian</a> doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Outward_holiness" title="Outward holiness">outward holiness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AWMC_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWMC-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scott2008_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2008-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Methodist_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches">Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches</a>, which continues to observe the <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(Christianity)" title="Ordinance (Christianity)">ordinance</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">women's headcovering</a>, stipulates "renouncing all vain pomp and glory" and "adorning oneself with modest attire."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their interpretation of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#20:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 20:26</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#28:42" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 28:42–43</a> is seen as forbidding the exposure of the body from torso to thighs,<sup id="cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnold2022-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BMCC2018_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMCC2018-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#22:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 22:5</a> is interpreted as God mandating gender-distinct clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-BMCC2018_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMCC2018-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2015 <i>Discipline of the Evangelical Wesleyan Church</i>, for example, states:<sup id="cite_ref-EWC2015_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWC2015-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "We require our women to appear in public with dresses of modest length, sleeves of modest length, modest necklines and modest hose; the wearing of split skirts, slacks, jeans, artificial flowers or feathers is forbidden." It goes on: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Moreover, we require our men to conform to the scriptural standards of decent and modest attire; we require that when they appear in public they wear shirts with sleeves of modest length. We require that all our people appear in public with sleeves below the elbows. Women's hemlines are to be modestly below the knees. Our people are forbidden to appear in public with transparent or immodest apparel, including shorts or bathing suits. Parents are required to dress their children modestly in conformity with our general principles of Christian attire. We further prohibit our people from participating in the practices of body-piercing, tattooing or body art.<sup id="cite_ref-EWC2015_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWC2015-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pentecostals">Pentecostals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pentecostals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CCB_-_Foto_hist%C3%B3rica_em_Guaianases.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CCB_-_Foto_hist%C3%B3rica_em_Guaianases.jpg/220px-CCB_-_Foto_hist%C3%B3rica_em_Guaianases.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CCB_-_Foto_hist%C3%B3rica_em_Guaianases.jpg/330px-CCB_-_Foto_hist%C3%B3rica_em_Guaianases.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CCB_-_Foto_hist%C3%B3rica_em_Guaianases.jpg/440px-CCB_-_Foto_hist%C3%B3rica_em_Guaianases.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Pentecostal worshippers of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Congregation_(Pentecostal)" title="Christian Congregation (Pentecostal)">Christian Congregation</a>, with women wearing headcoverings and dresses</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Holiness_Pentecostalism" title="Holiness Pentecostalism">Holiness Pentecostalism</a>, the original trunk of Pentecostal Christianity, historically affirms the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Outward_holiness" title="Outward holiness">outward holiness</a>, which is reflected in the wearing of modest clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott2006_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2006-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holiness Pentecostals have historically taught a distinction between the male sex and female sex with respect to <a href="/wiki/Trousers_as_women%27s_clothing#Religion" title="Trousers as women's clothing">gender distinct clothing</a>; they do not wear adornment, such as jewelry and makeup.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott2006_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2006-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Faith_Church" title="Apostolic Faith Church">Apostolic Faith Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Gospel_Church" title="Free Gospel Church">Free Gospel Church</a>, for example, subscribe to these Holiness Pentecostal standards;<sup id="cite_ref-Scott2006_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2006-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to these, the Ukrainian Pentecostal Church adheres to the <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(Christianity)" title="Ordinance (Christianity)">ordinance</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">women's headcovering</a> (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:4–13&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 11:4–13</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a>, another branch of Pentecostal Christianity, teaches the wearing of modest clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn2017_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn2017-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oneness Pentecostal denominations, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Pentecostal_Church_International" title="United Pentecostal Church International">United Pentecostal Church International</a>, maintain the teaching of gender distinctions, including a belief that men should have short hair and women should not cut their hair (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:14–15&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 11:14–15</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Miller2015_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller2015-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at the beach, women wear <a href="/wiki/Swimming_dress" title="Swimming dress">swimming dresses</a> rather than what adherents would consider revealing bathing suits.<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn2017_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn2017-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oneness Pentecostals do not adorn themselves with cosmetics or jewelry.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller2015_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller2015-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, certain Oneness Pentecostal denominations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lord_Jesus_Christ_of_the_Apostolic_Faith" title="Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith">Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith</a>, observe the wearing of <a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">headcoverings</a> by Christian women (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2011:4–13&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 11:4–13</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Brereton2002_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brereton2002-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Luke2016_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luke2016-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quakers">Quakers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Quakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends" title="Conservative Friends">Conservative Friends</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Yearly_Meeting_of_Friends" title="Central Yearly Meeting of Friends">Holiness-Orthodox Friends</a>, two associations of Quaker Christians, wear <a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">plain dress</a> as part of their <a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_simplicity" title="Testimony of simplicity">testimony of simplicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CYMF2018_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CYMF2018-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_chastity" title="Law of chastity">Law of chastity</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) has issued official statements on modest dress for its members. Clothing such as "short shorts and short skirts, shirts that do not cover the stomach, and clothing that does not cover the shoulders or is low-cut in the front or the back"<sup id="cite_ref-lds_modesty_guidelines_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lds_modesty_guidelines-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are discouraged. Men and women are also encouraged to avoid extremes in clothing or hairstyles. Rules on modesty also include women being asked to wear no more than one pair of earrings.<sup id="cite_ref-lds_modesty_guidelines_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lds_modesty_guidelines-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women are generally expected to wear skirts or dresses for church services. Most LDS members do not wear sleeveless shirts or shorts that do not reach the knee. </p><p>The church-funded university, <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> (BYU), requires students and tenants of BYU housing to sign an agreement to live according to these standards of modesty.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_Balinees_meisje_op_een_tempelcomplex_bij_Kesiman_TMnr_60042716.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_Balinees_meisje_op_een_tempelcomplex_bij_Kesiman_TMnr_60042716.jpg/150px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_Balinees_meisje_op_een_tempelcomplex_bij_Kesiman_TMnr_60042716.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_Balinees_meisje_op_een_tempelcomplex_bij_Kesiman_TMnr_60042716.jpg/225px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_Balinees_meisje_op_een_tempelcomplex_bij_Kesiman_TMnr_60042716.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_Balinees_meisje_op_een_tempelcomplex_bij_Kesiman_TMnr_60042716.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_een_Balinees_meisje_op_een_tempelcomplex_bij_Kesiman_TMnr_60042716.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bali-Ubud_0703a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bali-Ubud_0703a.jpg/130px-Bali-Ubud_0703a.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bali-Ubud_0703a.jpg/195px-Bali-Ubud_0703a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bali-Ubud_0703a.jpg/260px-Bali-Ubud_0703a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Dressing norms and concepts of modesty have widely varied among Hindus before the 20th century. Above is a topless Balinese (Indonesian) Hindu woman at a temple complex in 1922, during Dutch colonial rule of Indonesia. In the background, in the center left, one can see other topless women, as well as a woman who is fully covered in European dress. The colored image is typical dress observed in modern day Bali temples.</div></div></div></div> <p>The premise and concepts of modesty have evolved under Hinduism. During Vedic times,<sup id="cite_ref-Tarlo1996_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarlo1996-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28–30">: 28–30 </span></sup> both women and men wore at least two pieces of draped dress that was largely undifferentiated, voluntary and flexible. Stitched clothes such as skirts and bodices were also common in the Vedic period. However, modesty was not determined by the precepts of religion, but by local traditions, social codes, profession, circumstances and occasion. The multiple pieces of draped dress for women evolved into a single length of draped cloth among Indian Hindus, now called a <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Tarlo1996_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarlo1996-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 28–30">: 28–30 </span></sup> but it remained two or more pieces for Southeast Asian Hindus. For men, the draped dress reduced to one piece, now called by various names such as <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a>, <i>lungi</i>, <i>pancha</i>, <i>laacha</i> and other names among Indian Hindus, and <i>kamben</i> among Balinese Hindu. </p><p>The Hindu belief, suggests <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bayly" title="Christopher Bayly">Christopher Bayly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is that modesty through appropriate dress has the energy to transmit spirit and substance in a social discourse. Dress serves as a means of expression or celebration, with some dressing elements such as saffron threads or white dress worn by men as moral, transformative and a means to identify and communicate one's social role in a gathering, or one's state of life such as mourning in days or weeks after the passing away of a loved one. </p><p>The canons of modesty for Hindus in South Asia underwent significant changes with the arrival of Islam in the 12th century. The Islamic rulers imposed a dress code in public places for Hindu <a href="/wiki/Dhimmis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhimmis">dhimmis</a>, per their Islamic mores of modesty.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarlo1996_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarlo1996-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 28–30">: 28–30 </span></sup> The <i>sari</i> worn by Hindu women extended to provide a veil, as well as a complete cover of her navel and legs. In the early 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Tryambakayajvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tryambakayajvan">Tryambakayajvan</a>—a court official in south central India—issued an edict called <i><a href="/wiki/Stridharmapaddhati" class="mw-redirect" title="Stridharmapaddhati">Stridharmapaddhati</a></i>. The ruling outlined a required dress code for orthodox Hindus in that region.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Stridharmapaddhati</i> laced social trends with Hindu religion to place new rules on modesty for women, but gave much freedom to men. </p><p>The concept of modesty evolved again during colonial times when the British administration required Indians to wear dresses to help identify and segregate the local native populations. Bernard Cohn<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> remark that dress during the colonial era became part of a wider issue in India about respect, honor and modesty, with the dress code intentionally aimed by the administration to reflect the relationship between the British ruler and the Indian ruled. The British colonial empire encouraged and sometimes required Indians to dress in an 'oriental manner', to help define and enforce a sense of modesty and to identify roles and a person's relative social status.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarlo199612–59_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarlo199612–59-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among Indonesian Hindus, the accepted practice of toplessness among teenage Hindu girls changed during the Dutch colonial rule, with women now wearing a blouse or colorful cloth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temples">Temples</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Indian_Temple_Tamil1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/South_Indian_Temple_Tamil1.jpg/220px-South_Indian_Temple_Tamil1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/South_Indian_Temple_Tamil1.jpg/330px-South_Indian_Temple_Tamil1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/South_Indian_Temple_Tamil1.jpg/440px-South_Indian_Temple_Tamil1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Women dressed in <i>saris</i>, heading into a South Indian Hindu Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>Inside most Hindu temples, there is an expectation of modesty rather than sexual allurement. Men and women typically wear traditional dress during religious ceremonies and rituals in a temple, with women wearing <i>saris</i> or regional Indian dress.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Indonesia and Cambodia, Hindu temple visitors are often requested to wrap their waist with a traditional single piece cloth called <i>kamben</i>, <i>wastra</i> or <i>sarung</i>, with or without <i>saput</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_trends">Current trends</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Current trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hindus have diverse views on modesty, with significant regional and local variations. Among orthodox Hindu populations, sexually revealing dress or any sexual behaviour in public or before strangers is considered immodest, particularly in rural areas. In contrast, the dress of deities and other symbolism in Hindu temples,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the discussion of dress and eroticism in ancient Hindu literature,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and art works of Hinduism<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be explicit, celebrating eroticism and human sexuality. </p><p>In general, a disregard of modesty can be confusing or distressing, in particular to traditional Hindu women. Even in a health care context, some Hindu women may express reluctance to undress for examination. If undressing is necessary, the patient may prefer to be treated by a doctor or nurse of the same sex.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalkan_market_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kalkan_market_2.JPG/220px-Kalkan_market_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kalkan_market_2.JPG/330px-Kalkan_market_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kalkan_market_2.JPG/440px-Kalkan_market_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Headscarf" title="Headscarf">headscarf</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya (Islam)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Awrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Awrah">Awrah</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_sartorial_hijab" class="mw-redirect" title="List of types of sartorial hijab">List of types of sartorial hijab</a></div> <p>Islam has strongly emphasized the concept of decency and modesty.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many authentic <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadiths</a>, it has been quoted that "modesty(<a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a>) is a part of faith".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modesty is verily required in the interaction between members of the opposite sex and in some case between the members of same sex also. Dress code is part of that overall teaching. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women">Women</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"And tell the believing women to cast down their glances and guard their <a href="/wiki/Intimate_part" title="Intimate part">private parts</a> and not expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests and not expose their adornment except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands' fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers, their brothers' sons, their sisters' sons, their women, that which their right hands possess, or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the private aspects of women." -Quran 24:31. </p><p>"O Prophet! Say to your wives, your daughters, and the women of the believers that: they should let down upon themselves their jalabib." -Quran 33:59. Jalabib is an Arabic word meaning "loose outer garment". </p><p>In some Muslim societies, women wear the <a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a>, a veil that covers the whole face except the eyes, or the full <a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">burqa</a>, a full-body covering garment that occasionally does cover the eyes. Wearing these garments is common in some, but not all, countries with a predominately Muslim population. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kufihat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kufihat.jpg/220px-Kufihat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kufihat.jpg/330px-Kufihat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kufihat.jpg/440px-Kufihat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="1021" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">taqiyah cap</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Though by some scholars these expressions of modesty are interpreted as mandatory, most countries do not enforce modesty by law. However, a few countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, Afghanistan and Iran, enforce specified standards of dress for women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Men">Men</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Men"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Tell the believing men to cast down their glances and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Indeed, Allah is [well] acquainted with what they do." -Quran 24:30 </p><p>Most scholars agree that men are required to cover everything from the navel to the knees; some men choose also to wear the traditional Islamic cap <a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">(taqiyah)</a>, similar to the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Yarmulke" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarmulke">yarmulke</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a>. The taqiyah may vary in shape, size, and color, with differences according to tradition, region, and personal taste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/220px-Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/330px-Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/440px-Women_praying_in_the_Western_Wall_tunnels_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Three styles of hair covering popular in Jewish women. From right to left: snood, fall, and hat.</figcaption></figure><p> Modesty in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">צניעות</span>), is important beyond aspects of clothing. It extends to behaviour in public and in private, and depends on the context.</p><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 250px; height: 170px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -10px; left: -30px; width: 300px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haredi_(Orthodox)_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_(5684561290).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Typical Haredi dress for men and women" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Haredi_%28Orthodox%29_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_%285684561290%29.jpg/300px-Haredi_%28Orthodox%29_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_%285684561290%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Haredi_%28Orthodox%29_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_%285684561290%29.jpg/450px-Haredi_%28Orthodox%29_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_%285684561290%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Haredi_%28Orthodox%29_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_%285684561290%29.jpg/600px-Haredi_%28Orthodox%29_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_%285684561290%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Haredi_(Orthodox)_Jewish_Couples_at_Bus_Stop_-_Outside_Old_City_-_Jerusalem_(5684561290).jpg" title="File:Haredi (Orthodox) Jewish Couples at Bus Stop - Outside Old City - Jerusalem (5684561290).jpg"> </a></div>Typical Haredi dress for men and women </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women_2">Women</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">ultra-Orthodox</a> Jewish women usually wear skirts that cover their knees, with blouses or shirts covering the collarbone and sleeves covering the elbows.<sup id="cite_ref-Patheos_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patheos-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through materials</a> may not be used, and clothes are expected not to be <a href="/wiki/Form-fitting_garment" title="Form-fitting garment">tight-fitting</a> or "provocative".<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less strict <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> recommends modest dress, but this is not broadly observed. Less restrictive branches of Judaism tend to adopt the fashions of the society in which they live. </p><p>It is the custom for a married <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jewish">Orthodox Jewish</a> woman to cover her hair in public, and sometimes at home. The hair covering may be a scarf (<a href="/wiki/Tichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tichel">tichel</a>), <a href="/wiki/Snood_(headgear)" title="Snood (headgear)">snood</a>, hat, or a <a href="/wiki/Wig_(hair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wig (hair)">wig</a> called a <a href="/wiki/Sheitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheitel">Sheitel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Men_2">Men</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Men"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Standards of modesty also apply to men. While some Orthodox men will wear short-sleeve shirts in public, ultra-Orthodox men will not. More modern Orthodox Jewish men will be more lax in their dress when surrounded by other men (if it is not in a religious environment). Modesty for men most often translates to covering the torso and legs with loose clothing. Different groups of Orthodox Jews have different dress norms. But all have men dress in a head covering (<a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_arts">In the arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cupidon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cupidon.jpg/170px-Cupidon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cupidon.jpg/255px-Cupidon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cupidon.jpg/340px-Cupidon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="1645" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cupidon_(1875)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupidon (1875)">Cupidon</a> (French for <a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Cupid</a>), painting by <a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a>, 1875; the tip of the boy god's right wing covers his genitals.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modesty,_marble,_1833,_Jean-Louis_Jaley_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Modesty%2C_marble%2C_1833%2C_Jean-Louis_Jaley_%283%29.jpg/110px-Modesty%2C_marble%2C_1833%2C_Jean-Louis_Jaley_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Modesty%2C_marble%2C_1833%2C_Jean-Louis_Jaley_%283%29.jpg/165px-Modesty%2C_marble%2C_1833%2C_Jean-Louis_Jaley_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Modesty%2C_marble%2C_1833%2C_Jean-Louis_Jaley_%283%29.jpg/220px-Modesty%2C_marble%2C_1833%2C_Jean-Louis_Jaley_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="1885" /></a><figcaption><i>Modesty</i>, marble statue of a partly-draped woman by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Jaley" title="Jean-Louis Jaley">Jean-Louis Jaley</a>, 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>Expectation of modesty also applies in the arts, though standards of modesty have varied at different times and in different places. <a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_nudity" title="Depictions of nudity">Nudity and various types of behaviour were sometimes depicted</a>, sometime not. In many cases where society did not allow nudity or immodest dress, nudity was accepted in art. Where nudity in art was not acceptable, full nudity was not displayed; otherwise nude subjects had their intimate parts hidden by apparently accidental draped fabric, flowers, other people, a <a href="/wiki/Fig_leaf" title="Fig leaf">fig leaf</a>, etc. In films, very brief nudity was accepted. Some nude artworks had fig leaves added when standards became less permissive. </p><p>In a given society, the criteria varied according to the circumstances; for example artworks on public display were more restrained than those for private display to adults. </p><p>Nudity in art was sometimes suggested without actual depiction by: </p> <ul><li>something seemingly by chance covering the parts of the body which should modestly be covered</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">in film</a>: <ul><li>showing a supposedly nude person from the waist or shoulders up</li> <li>maneuvering (turning, having objects in front) and <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">editing</a> in such a way that no genitals are seen</li> <li>showing nudity from a distance, or from the back only, although other characters are nearby and/or would also see frontal nudity</li> <li>showing nudity very briefly</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoons</a>, even in cases where the genital area is not covered with clothing, genitals are often simply not drawn, as is the case in <a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">animated sitcoms</a>. In the film <i><a href="/wiki/Barnyard_(film)" title="Barnyard (film)">Barnyard</a></i>, showing <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphized</a> cattle of both sexes walking on two legs, instead of either showing <a href="/wiki/Bull#Reproductive_anatomy" title="Bull">genitals of male cattle</a> or not showing them, the concept of a "male cow" was used, with an <a href="/wiki/Udder" title="Udder">udder</a>. In <i><a href="/wiki/Underdog_(2007_film)" title="Underdog (2007 film)">Underdog</a></i> a partly animated anthropomorphized dog is shown with a <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a> when a real dog is filmed, and without one in the animated parts. </p><p>Paintings are sometimes changed because of changed modesty standards, and later sometimes changed back. During the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> there was a "fig-leaf campaign" aiming to cover all representations of human genitals in paintings and sculptures that started with Michelangelo's works. Works covered in this way include the marble statue of <i><a href="/wiki/Cristo_della_Minerva" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristo della Minerva">Cristo della Minerva</a></i> (church of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a>, Rome) which was covered by added drapery, as it remains today, and the statue of the naked child Jesus in <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Bruges" title="Madonna of Bruges">Madonna of Bruges</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady,_Bruges" title="Church of Our Lady, Bruges">Church of Our Lady</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, Belgium) remained covered for several decades. Also, the plaster copy of the David in the <a href="/wiki/Cast_Courts_(Victoria_and_Albert_Museum)" title="Cast Courts (Victoria and Albert Museum)">Cast Courts (Victoria and Albert Museum)</a> in London has a fig leaf in a box at the back of the statue. It was there to be placed over the statue's genitals so that they would not upset visiting female royalty. The statue of Achilles at <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Corner" title="Hyde Park Corner">Hyde Park Corner</a> now has an incongruous figleaf permanently attached, after it was stolen several times. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">Humility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdah" title="Purdah">Purdah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jennett,_Sheila_2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jennett,_Sheila_2001_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennett, Sheila. The Oxford companion to the body. Eds. Colin Blakemore, and Sheila Jennett. Vol. 7. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shrum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shrum_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShrumKilburn1996" class="citation journal cs1">Shrum, W.; Kilburn, J. (December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2580408">"Ritual Disrobement at Mardi Gras: Ceremonial Exchange and Moral Order"</a>. <i>Social Forces</i>. <b>75</b> (2): 423–458. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2580408">10.2307/2580408</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2580408">2580408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=Ritual+Disrobement+at+Mardi+Gras%3A+Ceremonial+Exchange+and+Moral+Order&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=423-458&rft.date=1996-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2580408&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2580408%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shrum&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Kilburn%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2580408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sparks-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sparks_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparks2005" class="citation journal cs1">Sparks, Randy (16 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuevomundo.revues.org/document3941.html">"American Sodom: New Orleans Faces Its Critics and an Uncertain Future"</a>. <i>La Louisiane à la dérive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Louisiane+%C3%A0+la+d%C3%A9rive&rft.atitle=American+Sodom%3A+New+Orleans+Faces+Its+Critics+and+an+Uncertain+Future&rft.date=2005-12-16&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnuevomundo.revues.org%2Fdocument3941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOringderffFey2000" class="citation web cs1">Oringderff, David L.; Fey, S. Drake (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hoard.billbert.co/Books/Occult_Library/Wicca/Witchcraft%20and%20Wicca%20%5B291%20e-books%5D/Overview%20and%20Guide%20for%20Wiccans%20in%20the%20Military.pdf">"Overview and Guide for Wiccans in the Military"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Sacred Well Congregation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+and+Guide+for+Wiccans+in+the+Military&rft.pub=The+Sacred+Well+Congregation&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Oringderff&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft.au=Fey%2C+S.+Drake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhoard.billbert.co%2FBooks%2FOccult_Library%2FWicca%2FWitchcraft%2520and%2520Wicca%2520%255B291%2520e-books%255D%2FOverview%2520and%2520Guide%2520for%2520Wiccans%2520in%2520the%2520Military.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12335">"Definition of Gymnophobia"</a>. <i>MedicineNet.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MedicineNet.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Gymnophobia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicinenet.com%2Fscript%2Fmain%2Fart.asp%3Farticlekey%3D12335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hypersexualdisorders.com/hypersexual-disorders/dsm-5-understanding-exhibitionistic-disorder/">"DSM 5: Understanding Exhibitionistic Disorder"</a>. <i>Hypersexual Disorders</i>. Elements Behavioral Health. 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hypersexual+Disorders&rft.atitle=DSM+5%3A+Understanding+Exhibitionistic+Disorder&rft.date=2013-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hypersexualdisorders.com%2Fhypersexual-disorders%2Fdsm-5-understanding-exhibitionistic-disorder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britej1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britej1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-7333-outraging-the-modesty-of-women.html">Outraging The Modesty Of Women</a>, Legal Service India, accessed 12 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britej2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britej2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianlawportal.co.in/outraging-the-modesty-of-women/">Outraging The Modesty Of Women in Indian law</a>, India Law Portal, accessed 12 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britej3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britej3_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pkwalaw.com/outrage-of-modesty/">Outraging The Modesty Of Women in Singapore law</a>, accessed 12 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britej4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britej4_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdd.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/OFFENCES%2520AND%2520PUNISHMENTS%2520AGAINST%2520WOMEN_0.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwivkNSGoIiAAxWi-DgGHRZcB_sQFnoECCMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2lcCLDxSXH9ES_tBwNeSoe">Outraging The Modesty Of Women in Pakistani law</a>, India Law Portal, accessed 12 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britej5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britej5_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/human-rights/news/sexual-harassment-and-the-law-wheres-the-problem-1762759">Outraging The Modesty Of Women in Bangladesh law</a>, India Law Portal, accessed 12 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britej6-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britej6_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theborneopost.com/2018/06/01/man-fined-rm3000-for-a-charge-of-outraging-modesty-of-woman/">Outraging The Modesty Of Women in Malaysian law</a>, India Law Portal, accessed 12 July 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/every-twist-and-turn-in-tarun-tejpal-trial/articleshow/82542892.cms">"Every twist and turn in Tarun Tejpal trial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Every+twist+and+turn+in+Tarun+Tejpal+trial&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fevery-twist-and-turn-in-tarun-tejpal-trial%2Farticleshow%2F82542892.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2023" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Khadija (2023-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615162907/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/chargesheet-against-brij-bhushan-filed-what-charges-wfi-chief-8665000/">"Chargesheet against Brij Bhushan filed: What charges is the WFI chief facing?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a></i>. New Delhi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/chargesheet-against-brij-bhushan-filed-what-charges-wfi-chief-8665000/">the original</a> on 2023-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Chargesheet+against+Brij+Bhushan+filed%3A+What+charges+is+the+WFI+chief+facing%3F&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Khadija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Fexplained-law%2Fchargesheet-against-brij-bhushan-filed-what-charges-wfi-chief-8665000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau2023" class="citation news cs1">Bureau, The Hindu (2023-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615094345/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/wrestlers-protest-delhi-police-seeks-cancellation-of-case-filed-by-minor-against-wfi-chief/article66971376.ece">"Wrestlers' protest | Delhi Police seeks cancellation of case filed by minor against WFI chief Brij Bhushan Singh"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/wrestlers-protest-delhi-police-seeks-cancellation-of-case-filed-by-minor-against-wfi-chief/article66971376.ece">the original</a> on 2023-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Wrestlers%27+protest+%7C+Delhi+Police+seeks+cancellation+of+case+filed+by+minor+against+WFI+chief+Brij+Bhushan+Singh&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=The+Hindu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fwrestlers-protest-delhi-police-seeks-cancellation-of-case-filed-by-minor-against-wfi-chief%2Farticle66971376.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesk2023" class="citation news cs1">Desk, Express Web (2023-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615094505/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-news-live-updates-arvind-kejriwal-govt-bjp-aap-8661782/">"Delhi News Live Updates: Students rappel down wires after fire at coaching centre; Delhi Police file chargesheet against Brij Bhushan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-news-live-updates-arvind-kejriwal-govt-bjp-aap-8661782/">the original</a> on 2023-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Delhi+News+Live+Updates%3A+Students+rappel+down+wires+after+fire+at+coaching+centre%3B+Delhi+Police+file+chargesheet+against+Brij+Bhushan&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.aulast=Desk&rft.aufirst=Express+Web&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fdelhi%2Fdelhi-news-live-updates-arvind-kejriwal-govt-bjp-aap-8661782%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSefton2002" class="citation news cs1">Sefton, Dru (25 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030826061554/http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=nude25&date=20020525">"We'd rather die than take our clothes off, disaster planners say"</a>. <i>Seattle Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=nude25&date=20020525">the original</a> on August 26, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=We%27d+rather+die+than+take+our+clothes+off%2C+disaster+planners+say&rft.date=2002-05-25&rft.aulast=Sefton&rft.aufirst=Dru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.seattletimes.nwsource.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis.cgi%2Fweb%2Fvortex%2Fdisplay%3Fslug%3Dnude25%26date%3D20020525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/16/britons-bad-being-naked-victoria-coren">Why are Britons so bad at being naked?</a> Sarah Ditum, The Guardian, United Kingdom (16 January 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salmansohn, Karen. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/karen-salmansohn/the_power_of_cleavage_b_70260.html">The Power of Cleavage</a>". <i>The Huffington Post</i>, October 29, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2014" class="citation news cs1">Davies, Lizzy (12 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/12/pope-mothers-breastfeeding-children-sistine-chapel">"Pope Francis encourages mothers to breastfeed - even in the Sistine Chapel"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+encourages+mothers+to+breastfeed+-+even+in+the+Sistine+Chapel&rft.date=2014-01-12&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Lizzy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjan%2F12%2Fpope-mothers-breastfeeding-children-sistine-chapel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSika2014" class="citation web cs1">Sika, Varyanne (10 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716235213/http://www.osisa.org/buwa/regional/fashion-feminists-how-fashion-and-dress-shape-women%E2%80%99s-identities">"Fashion for Feminists: How fashion and dress shape women's identities"</a>. <i>Open Society Initiative of Southern Africa (OSISA)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osisa.org/buwa/regional/fashion-feminists-how-fashion-and-dress-shape-women%E2%80%99s-identities">the original</a> on 16 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Society+Initiative+of+Southern+Africa+%28OSISA%29&rft.atitle=Fashion+for+Feminists%3A+How+fashion+and+dress+shape+women%27s+identities&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.aulast=Sika&rft.aufirst=Varyanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osisa.org%2Fbuwa%2Fregional%2Ffashion-feminists-how-fashion-and-dress-shape-women%25E2%2580%2599s-identities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/health/breastfeeding-state-laws.aspx">"Breastfeeding Laws"</a>. <i>Breastfeeding State Laws</i>. National Conference of State Legislatures, United States.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breastfeeding+State+Laws&rft.atitle=Breastfeeding+Laws&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsl.org%2Fissues-research%2Fhealth%2Fbreastfeeding-state-laws.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau" class="citation news cs1">Landau, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/04/09/breast.feeding.society/">"Breastfeeding rooms hidden in health care law"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Breastfeeding+rooms+hidden+in+health+care+law&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2010%2FHEALTH%2F04%2F09%2Fbreast.feeding.society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/nyctap/I92_0160.htm">"Santorelli & Schloss v. State of New York"</a>. Cornell University Law School. 7 July 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Santorelli+%26+Schloss+v.+State+of+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Law+School&rft.date=1992-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fnyctap%2FI92_0160.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhisma2z.com/content.php?id=269">"Guide to Buddhism A To Z - Modesty"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Buddhism+A+To+Z+-+Modesty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhisma2z.com%2Fcontent.php%3Fid%3D269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.dhammadana.org/sangha/vinaya/227/75sk.htm">The 75 sekhiyas</a> Buddhism Dhamma Dana (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buddhist_Monastic_Code_I-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buddhist_Monastic_Code_I_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buddhist_Monastic_Code_I_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/bmc1/bmc1.ch10.html">Buddhist Monastic Code I</a> Chapter 10, Sekhiya Rules, Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Thomas (2002), The History of Buddhist Thought, Dover Publications, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0486421049" title="Special:BookSources/978-0486421049">978-0486421049</a>, pp 163, 207-208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arnold2022-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnold2022_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2022" class="citation web cs1">Arnold, Johnathan (21 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://holyjoys.org/outline-modest-clothing">"A Simple Outline for Teaching on Modest Clothing"</a>. Holy Joys<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Simple+Outline+for+Teaching+on+Modest+Clothing&rft.pub=Holy+Joys&rft.date=2022-01-21&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Johnathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fholyjoys.org%2Foutline-modest-clothing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson2019-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson2019_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonAnderson2019" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Cory; Anderson, Jennifer (2019). <i>Fitted to Holiness: How Modesty is Achieved and Compromised among the Plain People</i>. <a href="/wiki/Millersburg,_Ohio" title="Millersburg, Ohio">Millersburg</a>: Acorn Publishing. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fitted+to+Holiness%3A+How+Modesty+is+Achieved+and+Compromised+among+the+Plain+People&rft.place=Millersburg&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Acorn+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winger1919-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winger1919_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winger1919_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinger1919" class="citation book cs1">Winger, Otho (1919). <i>History and Doctrines of the Church of the Brethren</i>. Brethren Publishing House. p. 218. <q>I. We examined prayerfully the scriptural grounds of Christian attire, and found that Jesus and the apostles taught modesty and simplicity of life and modesty in dress and manners. The scriptures bearing on the subject of dress and adornment are of several classes: First. Jesus condemned anxious thought for raiment (Matt. 6: 25-33; Luke 12:22-31). Second. The direct teachings, such as 1 Tim. 2:9, 10; 1 Peter 3:3-5. Third. Teachings on nonconformity to the world in general, and that apply to dress on general principles, such as Romans 12:1, 2; 1 Cor. 10:31; 1 Peter 1:14-15; 1 John 2:15-17. II. Investigation shows that the early church fathers and our own church fathers taught strongly and uniformly against pride and superfluity in dress, and constantly in favor of gospel plainness.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Doctrines+of+the+Church+of+the+Brethren&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Brethren+Publishing+House&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Winger&rft.aufirst=Otho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muir2005-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Muir2005_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2005" class="citation book cs1">Muir, Edward (18 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlULqJ70bDUC&pg=PA31"><i>Ritual in Early Modern Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521841535" title="Special:BookSources/9780521841535"><bdi>9780521841535</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>In England radical Protestants, known in the seventeenth century as Puritans, were especially ardent in resisting the churching of women and the requirement that women wear a head covering or veil during the ceremony. The Book of Common Prayer, which became the ritual handbook of the Anglican Church, retained the ceremony in a modified form, but as one Puritan tract put it, the 'churching of women after childbirth smelleth of Jewish purification.'"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ritual+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-08-18&rft.isbn=9780521841535&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlULqJ70bDUC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA2012-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USA2012_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yearbookofameric0000unse_l2p3"><i>Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches 2012</i></a></span>. Abingdon Press. 2012-04-01. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yearbookofameric0000unse_l2p3/page/131">131</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781426746666" title="Special:BookSources/9781426746666"><bdi>9781426746666</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>The holy kiss is practiced and women wear head coverings during prayer and worship.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+American+%26+Canadian+Churches+2012&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.isbn=9781426746666&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyearbookofameric0000unse_l2p3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dehejia2005-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dehejia2005_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDehejia2005" class="citation book cs1">Dehejia, Harsha V. (2005). <i>A Celebration of Love: The Romantic Heroine in the Indian Arts</i>. Lustre Press. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788174363022" title="Special:BookSources/9788174363022"><bdi>9788174363022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Celebration+of+Love%3A+The+Romantic+Heroine+in+the+Indian+Arts&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Lustre+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9788174363022&rft.aulast=Dehejia&rft.aufirst=Harsha+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Milwaukee Lutheran, Volumes 26-27</i>. Lutherans of Wisconsin. 1973. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Milwaukee+Lutheran%2C+Volumes+26-27&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Lutherans+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgan2010-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morgan2010_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2010" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Sue (2010-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JybdfeRKuFcC&pg=PA102"><i>Women, Gender and Religious Cultures in Britain, 1800–1940</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415231152" title="Special:BookSources/9780415231152"><bdi>9780415231152</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2012</span>. <q>Several ardent Methodist women wrote to him, asking for his permission to speak. Mar Bosanquet (1739–1815) suggested that if Paul had instructed women to cover their heads when they spoke (1. Cor. 11:5) then he was surely giving direction on how women should conduct themselves when they preached.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+Gender+and+Religious+Cultures+in+Britain%2C+1800%E2%80%931940&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010-06-23&rft.isbn=9780415231152&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJybdfeRKuFcC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncmideast.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/1065/2011/07/Veiling-in-Other-Religious-Traditions.pdf">"Veiling in Other Religious Traditions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ncmideast.org</i>. Duke-UNC Consortium for Middle East Studies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncmideast.org&rft.atitle=Veiling+in+Other+Religious+Traditions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncmideast.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F1065%2F2011%2F07%2FVeiling-in-Other-Religious-Traditions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snodgrass2015-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Snodgrass2015_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnodgrass2015" class="citation book cs1">Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (17 March 2015). <i>World Clothing and Fashion: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 1548. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317451662" title="Special:BookSources/9781317451662"><bdi>9781317451662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Clothing+and+Fashion%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Social+Influence&rft.pages=1548&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft.isbn=9781317451662&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henold2008-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henold2008_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenold2008" class="citation book cs1">Henold, Mary J. (2008). <i>Catholic and Feminist: The Surprising History of the American Catholic Feminist Movement</i>. UNC Press Books. p. 1968. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807859476" title="Special:BookSources/9780807859476"><bdi>9780807859476</bdi></a>. <q>Catholic women who came of age at midcentury no doubt recall the hasty search for a tissue or even a handy parish bulletin to pin to their heads once they discovered they had left home without their regular head covering.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+and+Feminist%3A+The+Surprising+History+of+the+American+Catholic+Feminist+Movement&rft.pages=1968&rft.pub=UNC+Press+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780807859476&rft.aulast=Henold&rft.aufirst=Mary+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bercot1992-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bercot1992_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bercot1992_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bercot1992_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBercot1992" class="citation book cs1">Bercot, David W. (1992). <i>Common Sense: A New Approach to Understanding Scripture</i>. Scroll Publishing Co. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924722-06-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924722-06-6"><bdi>978-0-924722-06-6</bdi></a>. <q>Hippolytus, a leader in the church in Rome around the year 200, compiled a record of the various customs and practices in that church from the generations that preceded him. His <i>Apostolic Tradition</i> contains this statement: "And let all the women have their heads covered with an opaque cloth, not with a veil of thin linen, for this is not a true covering." This written evidence of the course of performance of the early Christians is corroborated by the archaeological record. The pictures we have from the second and third centuries from the catacombs and other places depict Christian women praying with a cloth veil on their heads. So the historical record is crystal clear. It reveals that the early generation of believers understood the head covering to be a cloth veil—not long hair.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Common+Sense%3A+A+New+Approach+to+Understanding+Scripture&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Scroll+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-924722-06-6&rft.aulast=Bercot&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristiandictionary.com/Veil.html">"Veil"</a>. Early Christian Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Veil&rft.pub=Early+Christian+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristiandictionary.com%2FVeil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarle1903" class="citation book cs1">Earle, Alice Morse (1903). <i>Two Centuries of Costume in America, Vol. 2 (1620–1820)</i>. The Macmillan Company. p. 582. <q>One singular thing may be noted in this history, – that with all the vagaries of fashion, woman has never violated the Biblical law that bade her cover her head. She has never gone to church services bareheaded.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Centuries+of+Costume+in+America%2C+Vol.+2+%281620%E2%80%931820%29&rft.pages=582&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Earle&rft.aufirst=Alice+Morse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Classical2012-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Classical2012_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Classical2012_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Classical2012_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classicalchristianity.com/2012/01/11/on-head-coverings/">"On Head Coverings"</a>. Classical Christianity. 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Head+Coverings&rft.pub=Classical+Christianity&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclassicalchristianity.com%2F2012%2F01%2F11%2Fon-head-coverings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OCIC-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OCIC_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCIC_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodoxinfo.com/praxis/headcoverings.aspx">"On Account of the Angels: Why I Cover My Head"</a>. Orthodox Christian Information Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>St. John Chrysostom thought that Paul, in admonishing women to wear a covering "because of the angels," meant it "not at the time of prayer only, but also continually, she ought to be covered." Fr. Rhodes agrees: "The veil can be the constant symbol of the true woman of God … a way of life … a testimony of faith and of the salvation of God, not only before men, but angels as well."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Account+of+the+Angels%3A+Why+I+Cover+My+Head&rft.pub=Orthodox+Christian+Information+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forthodoxinfo.com%2Fpraxis%2Fheadcoverings.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schaff1889-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff1889_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff1889_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaff1889" class="citation book cs1">Schaff, Philip (1889). <i>A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: St. Chrysostom: Homilies on the Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians</i>. The Christian Literature Company. p. 152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Select+Library+of+the+Nicene+and+Post-Nicene+Fathers+of+the+Christian+Church%3A+St.+Chrysostom%3A+Homilies+on+the+Epistles+of+Paul+to+the+Corinthians&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=The+Christian+Literature+Company&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Schaff&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flinn2014-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flinn2014_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlinn2014" class="citation book cs1">Flinn, Isabella (1 May 2014). <i>Pinpricks in the Curtain: India Through the Eyes of an Unlikely Missionary</i>. WestBow Press. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781490834313" title="Special:BookSources/9781490834313"><bdi>9781490834313</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pinpricks+in+the+Curtain%3A+India+Through+the+Eyes+of+an+Unlikely+Missionary&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=WestBow+Press&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.isbn=9781490834313&rft.aulast=Flinn&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2015" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Greg (31 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evangelicalfocus.com/yourblog/929/Are-Head-Coverings-Really-for-Today-">"Are Head Coverings Really for Today?"</a>. Evangelical Focus<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>One of the most questioned practices in the New Testament in the modern day Western Church is the practice of Head Coverings for women. Yet to get perspective we need to look over the panoply of God's Church for 2000 years and see that this is not something new but old—and has been practiced diligently over the ages. It is hard to imagine but since the 1960s the Church almost entirely practiced this tradition. The influence of secular reasoning, feminism and liberal theology have led to the questioning and, ultimately, the casting aside of this practice in the Church at large in the evangelical world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+Head+Coverings+Really+for+Today%3F&rft.pub=Evangelical+Focus&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevangelicalfocus.com%2Fyourblog%2F929%2FAre-Head-Coverings-Really-for-Today-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianaction.org.za/articles_ca/2004-3-ModestyTheUndressingOfOurYouth.htm">Modesty: The Undressing of Our Youth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070503213045/http://www.christianaction.org.za/articles_ca/2004-3-ModestyTheUndressingOfOurYouth.htm">Archived</a> 2007-05-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Lenora Hammond.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therebelution.com/modestysurvey/">The Modesty Survey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090129185312/http://www.therebelution.com/modestysurvey/">Archived</a> 2009-01-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: An anonymous discussion among Christians concerning various aspects of modesty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steinberg2020-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steinberg2020_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2020" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg, Aliza (7 February 2020). <i>Weaving in Stones: Garments and Their Accessories in the Mosaic Art of Eretz Israel in Late Antiquity</i>. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78969-322-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78969-322-5"><bdi>978-1-78969-322-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weaving+in+Stones%3A+Garments+and+Their+Accessories+in+the+Mosaic+Art+of+Eretz+Israel+in+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Archaeopress+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft.isbn=978-1-78969-322-5&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Aliza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexandria-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexandria_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Clement of Alexandria Collection [3 Books]</i>. Aeterna Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clement+of+Alexandria+Collection+%5B3+Books%5D&rft.pub=Aeterna+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knight-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knight_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knight_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knight_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0402.htm">"On the Apparel of Women"</a>. New Advent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Apparel+of+Women&rft.pub=New+Advent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F0402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrovich2013" class="citation journal cs1">Petrovich, Christopher (2013). "Spiritual Theology in an Amish Key: Theology, Scripture, and Praxis". <i>Journal of Spiritual Formation & Soul Care</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F193979091300600206">10.1177/193979091300600206</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171605201">171605201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Spiritual+Formation+%26+Soul+Care&rft.atitle=Spiritual+Theology+in+an+Amish+Key%3A+Theology%2C+Scripture%2C+and+Praxis&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=250&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F193979091300600206&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171605201%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Petrovich&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaberSheetsAnderson2019" class="citation journal cs1">Raber, Dan; Sheets, Gregory; Anderson, Cory (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/amishstudies/vol7/iss2/3/">"<em>Ordnungs Briefen</em> of 1865, 1917, and 1939: English Translations of Important Old Amish Church Orders"</a>. <i>Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 109–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.62192%2Fjapas.v07i2n03">10.62192/japas.v07i2n03</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Amish+and+Plain+Anabaptist+Studies&rft.atitle=%3Cem%3EOrdnungs+Briefen%3C%2Fem%3E+of+1865%2C+1917%2C+and+1939%3A+English+Translations+of+Important+Old+Amish+Church+Orders&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-114&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.62192%2Fjapas.v07i2n03&rft.aulast=Raber&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Sheets%2C+Gregory&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Cory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fideaexchange.uakron.edu%2Famishstudies%2Fvol7%2Fiss2%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1997" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Stephen (1997). <i>Why Do They Dress That Way?</i>. Intercourse, PA: Good Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780934672184" title="Special:BookSources/9780934672184"><bdi>9780934672184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Do+They+Dress+That+Way%3F&rft.place=Intercourse%2C+PA&rft.pub=Good+Books.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780934672184&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonAnderson2019" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Cory; Anderson, Jennifer (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804050807/https://acornpublishing.info/"><i>Fitted to Holiness: How Modesty Is Achieved and Compromised among the Plain People</i></a>. Millersburg, OH: Acorn Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7322864-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7322864-1-2"><bdi>978-1-7322864-1-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acornpublishing.info/">the original</a> on 2020-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fitted+to+Holiness%3A+How+Modesty+Is+Achieved+and+Compromised+among+the+Plain+People&rft.place=Millersburg%2C+OH&rft.pub=Acorn+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-7322864-1-2&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facornpublishing.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnninger1982" class="citation book cs1">Enninger, Werner (1982). "The Semiotic Structure of Amish Folk Costume: Its Function in the Organization of Face-to-Face Interaction". In Hess-Lüttich, Ernest (ed.). <i>Multimedia Communication I</i>. Tübingen, Germany: Gunter Narr. pp. 86–123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Semiotic+Structure+of+Amish+Folk+Costume%3A+Its+Function+in+the+Organization+of+Face-to-Face+Interaction&rft.btitle=Multimedia+Communication+I&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=86-123&rft.pub=Gunter+Narr&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Enninger&rft.aufirst=Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2013" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Cory (2013). <i>The Ornament of a Spirit: Exploring the Reasons Covering Styles Change</i>. Lyndonville, NY: Ridgeway Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0984098514" title="Special:BookSources/978-0984098514"><bdi>978-0984098514</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ornament+of+a+Spirit%3A+Exploring+the+Reasons+Covering+Styles+Change&rft.place=Lyndonville%2C+NY&rft.pub=Ridgeway+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0984098514&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Cory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoynton1986" class="citation book cs1">Boynton, Linda (1986). <i>The Plain People: An Ethnography of the Holdeman Mennonites</i>. Salem, WI: Sheffield Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Plain+People%3A+An+Ethnography+of+the+Holdeman+Mennonites.&rft.place=Salem%2C+WI&rft.pub=Sheffield+Publishing+Company.&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Boynton&rft.aufirst=Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonHawley1999" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Jean; Hawley, Jana (1999). "Sacred Dress, Public Worlds: Amish and Mormon Experience and Commitment". In Lazaridis, Gabriella (ed.). <i>Religion, Dress, and the Body</i>. New York: Berg. pp. 31–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sacred+Dress%2C+Public+Worlds%3A+Amish+and+Mormon+Experience+and+Commitment&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Dress%2C+and+the+Body&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=31-51&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Hawley%2C+Jana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraybill2002" class="citation book cs1">Graybill, Beth (2002). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'To Remind Us of Who We Are': Multiple Meanings of Conservative Women's Dress". In Kimberly D. Schmidt; Diane Zimmerman Umble; Steven D. Reschly (eds.). <i>Strangers at Home: Amish and Mennonite Women in History</i>. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 53–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27To+Remind+Us+of+Who+We+Are%27%3A+Multiple+Meanings+of+Conservative+Women%27s+Dress&rft.btitle=Strangers+at+Home%3A+Amish+and+Mennonite+Women+in+History&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pages=53-77&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Graybill&rft.aufirst=Beth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pivarunas1996-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pivarunas1996_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pivarunas1996_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Pivarunas1996" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pivarunas" title="Mark Pivarunas">Mark Pivarunas</a> (21 June 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmri.org/articles-on-the-traditional-catholic-faith/modesty-in-dress/">"Modesty in Dress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Mary_Immaculate_Queen" title="Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen">Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modesty+in+Dress&rft.pub=Congregation+of+Mary+Immaculate+Queen&rft.date=1996-06-21&rft.au=Mark+Pivarunas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcmri.org%2Farticles-on-the-traditional-catholic-faith%2Fmodesty-in-dress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher2019-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher2019_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2019" class="citation web cs1">Fisher, Simcha (3 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2019/12/03/types-women-who-veil-mass">"The types of women who veil at Mass"</a>. <a href="/wiki/America_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="America Magazine">America Magazine</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+types+of+women+who+veil+at+Mass&rft.pub=America+Magazine&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Simcha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Ffaith%2F2019%2F12%2F03%2Ftypes-women-who-veil-mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sciba2018-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sciba2018_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSciba2018" class="citation web cs1">Sciba, Katie (14 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blessedisshe.net/blog/beneath-veil/">"Beneath the Veil: How Unusual Practice Becomes Beloved Prayer"</a>. Blessed Is She<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beneath+the+Veil%3A+How+Unusual+Practice+Becomes+Beloved+Prayer&rft.pub=Blessed+Is+She&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft.aulast=Sciba&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblessedisshe.net%2Fblog%2Fbeneath-veil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200908053112/http://www.jgray.org/codes/cic17lat.html">"1917 Codex Iuris Canonici"</a>. <i>Canon 1262, Section 2</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jgray.org/codes/cic17lat.html">the original</a> on 2020-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canon+1262%2C+Section+2&rft.atitle=1917+Codex+Iuris+Canonici&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jgray.org%2Fcodes%2Fcic17lat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span> (Latin)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P2.HTM">"Canon 6 §1 of the Code of Canon Law"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canon+6+%C2%A71+of+the+Code+of+Canon+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG1104%2F__P2.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joselit2014-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joselit2014_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoselit2014" class="citation book cs1">Joselit, Jenna Weissman (2014). <i>A Perfect Fit: Clothes, Character, and the Promise of America</i>. Henry Holt and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6984-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6984-4"><bdi>978-1-4668-6984-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Perfect+Fit%3A+Clothes%2C+Character%2C+and+the+Promise+of+America&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4668-6984-4&rft.aulast=Joselit&rft.aufirst=Jenna+Weissman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans2012-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2012_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans2012_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2012" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Rachel Held (2012). <i>A Year of Biblical Womanhood: How a Liberated Woman Found Herself Sitting on Her Roof, Covering Her Head, and Calling Her Husband "master"</i>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_(publisher)" title="Thomas Nelson (publisher)">Thomas Nelson</a>. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-367-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59555-367-6"><bdi>978-1-59555-367-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Year+of+Biblical+Womanhood%3A+How+a+Liberated+Woman+Found+Herself+Sitting+on+Her+Roof%2C+Covering+Her+Head%2C+and+Calling+Her+Husband+%22master%22&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59555-367-6&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Rachel+Held&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSGH2017-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSGH2017_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSGH2017_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Pope of Fatima, Pius XII, Puts His Seal on Our Lady of Fatima's Request for Modesty". <i>Behold Thy Mother</i>. <b>19</b> (56). Missionary Sisters of the Holy Ghost: 22. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behold+Thy+Mother&rft.atitle=The+Pope+of+Fatima%2C+Pius+XII%2C+Puts+His+Seal+on+Our+Lady+of+Fatima%27s+Request+for+Modesty&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=56&rft.pages=22&rft.date=2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kunkel, Rev. Bernard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecatholic2000.com/life/prayer143.shtml"><i>My Life in Prayer Book</i></a>, Book Two, Chapter III: The Marylike Standards for Modesty in Dress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Toole2018-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Toole2018_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Toole2018" class="citation book cs1">O'Toole, James M. (5 July 2018). <i>Habits of Devotion: Catholic Religious Practice in Twentieth-Century America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2666-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2666-8"><bdi>978-1-5017-2666-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Habits+of+Devotion%3A+Catholic+Religious+Practice+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2018-07-05&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-2666-8&rft.aulast=O%27Toole&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMRI-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMRI_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmri.org/cmri-directory-of-traditional-latin-masses/dress-code-for-cmri-churches/">"Dress Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Mary_Immaculate_Queen" title="Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen">Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen</a>. 14 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dress+Code&rft.pub=Congregation+of+Mary+Immaculate+Queen&rft.date=2016-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcmri.org%2Fcmri-directory-of-traditional-latin-masses%2Fdress-code-for-cmri-churches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blunt2004-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blunt2004_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blunt2004_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blunt2004_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlunt2004" class="citation news cs1">Blunt, Elizabeth (9 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3549210.stm">"Nigerian Catholics told to be modest"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>In his latest circular letter to parishes, the Archbishop of Lagos, Cardinal Anthony Okogie, under the heading "nudity", calls on priests not to allow in church what he calls "fashions promoting lust and immorality". He says that any of the faithful wearing "clothes which reveal sensitive parts of the body such as the bust, chest, belly, or upper arms, transparent clothing or dresses with slits above the knees" should be "quietly asked to worship outside". As for boys, it says there should be no "jerry curls [long curly hair], tight jeans or earrings". A Sunday morning visit to the Church of the Assumption, in the Ikoyi district of Lagos, showed the Archbishop's recommendations were being well observed. … Everyone I spoke to had heard of the Archbishop's campaign for modest dressing, and said they were wholly in agreement. … I heard outspoken condemnation of people who come to the house of God half-naked, diatribes against tight trousers, skimpy tops and "spaghetti straps". Several women said they believed they should imitate the Holy Mother, Mary, and cover their heads, since she always appears in images with a veil.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nigerian+Catholics+told+to+be+modest&rft.date=2004-08-09&rft.aulast=Blunt&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F3549210.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theuniversityconcourse.com/article/1819.html">Modesty and beauty - the lost connection</a> by Regina Schmiedicke</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gorpub.freeshell.org/books.html#modesty">The Modesty Handbook</a> (describing the nature of modesty from a Catholic perspective, based on St. Thomas Aquinas and the Church Fathers).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sicutincaelo.org/b03_twsg.html">Those Who Serve God Should Not Follow the Fashions</a> by Robert T. Hart (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See all the following citations, which all expound at least partly upon such guidelines.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030323162109/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Rhodes/3543/nodress.htm">Notification Concerning Men's Dress Worn by Women</a> by Giuseppe Cardinal Siri (1960)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See G. K. Chesterton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=39813"><i>What's Wrong with the World</i></a>, Part III, Chap. V, for an early attempt (1910); see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gorpub.freeshell.org/cr.html#praise">In Praise of the Skirt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093659/http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=39813#praise">Archived</a> 2015-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, for a more contemporary one (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gernsheim, Alison. <i>Victorian and Edwardian Fashion. A Photographic Survey</i>. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1981. Reprint of 1963 edition. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-24205-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-24205-6">0-486-24205-6</a>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AWMC-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AWMC_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"I. The Church". <i>Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection</i>. <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Wesleyan_Methodist_Connection" title="Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection">Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection</a>. <q>Should we insist on plain and modest dress? Certainly. We should not on any account spend what the Lord has put into our hands as stewards, to be used for His glory, in expensive wearing apparel, when thousands are suffering for food and raiment, and millions are perishing for the Word of life. Let the dress of every member of every Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Church be plain and modest. Let the strictest carefulness and economy be used in these respects.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=I.+The+Church&rft.btitle=Discipline+of+the+Allegheny+Wesleyan+Methodist+Connection&rft.pub=Allegheny+Wesleyan+Methodist+Connection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott2008-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scott2008_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2008" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Stephen (1 September 2008). <i>Why Do They Dress That Way?</i>. Good Books. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781680992786" title="Special:BookSources/9781680992786"><bdi>9781680992786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Do+They+Dress+That+Way%3F&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Good+Books&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.isbn=9781680992786&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126234944/http://fimc.org.uk/about_us.htm">"Brief Description"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Methodist_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches">Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches</a>. 26 January 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fimc.org.uk/about_us.htm">the original</a> on 26 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+Description&rft.pub=Fellowship+of+Independent+Methodist+Churches&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffimc.org.uk%2Fabout_us.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMCC2018-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BMCC2018_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMCC2018_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblemethodist.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2018-Bible-Methodist-Discipline-rev.-2.pdf"><i>Discipline of the Bible Methodist Connection of Churches</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bible_Methodist_Connection_of_Churches" title="Bible Methodist Connection of Churches">Bible Methodist Connection of Churches</a>. 2018. p. 37. <q>71. Scripture uniformly regards the exposure of one's nakedness to other persons, except in the context of marriage, to be shameful and requires that it be covered.<sup>1</sup> One of God's first actions on behalf of fallen man was to clothe his nakedness.<sup>2</sup> We understand the biblical term "nakedness" to refer at the least to the area of the body from the knees to the neck.<sup>3</sup> … <sup>1</sup>Hosea 2:9 "Therefore I will return and take away My grain in its time And My new wine in its season, And will take back My wool and My linen, Given to cover her nakedness"; cf. Isa. 47:3; Rev. 3:18. <sup>2</sup>Genesis 3:21 "Also for Adam and his wife the LORD God made coats of skin, and clothed them"; cf. Gen. 3:7, 11. <sup>3</sup>Exod. 20:26; 28:42; Job 30:18; Ezek. 16:7. … God created men and women to be distinct yet complementary reflections of His image.<sup>1</sup> God's concern for gender-distinction is evident throughout Scripture in the gender-distinctions He requires in the church,<sup>2</sup> marriage,<sup>3</sup> and men's and women's clothing.<sup>4</sup> We understand Scripture to teach that men should not wear women's clothing and women should not wear men's clothing; therefore, our people should avoid wearing clothing that confuses the sexes.<sup>5</sup> Recognizing the call of Scripture for men's hair to be short and women's hair to be long, we admonish our men to cut their hair short enough to be distinctly masculine and our ladies to abstain from cutting the hair as taught in 1 Corinthians 11.<sup>6</sup> … <sup>1</sup>Genesis 1:26-27 "Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth. So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them"; cf. 1 Cor. 11:7-9. <sup>2</sup>1 Cor. 11:2-16; 14:29-35; 1 Tim. 2:11-15. <sup>3</sup>Eph. 5:22-33. <sup>4</sup>Deuteronomy 22:5 "A woman shall not wear anything that pertains to a man, nor shall a man put on a woman's garment, for all who do so are an abomination to the LORD your God." <sup>5</sup>Deut. 22:5. <sup>6</sup>1 Cor. 11:5-6, 14-15.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discipline+of+the+Bible+Methodist+Connection+of+Churches&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Bible+Methodist+Connection+of+Churches&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblemethodist.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F06%2F2018-Bible-Methodist-Discipline-rev.-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWC2015-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EWC2015_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWC2015_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Discipline of the Evangelical Wesleyan Church</i>. <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Wesleyan_Church" title="Evangelical Wesleyan Church">Evangelical Wesleyan Church</a>. 2015. pp. 41, 57–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discipline+of+the+Evangelical+Wesleyan+Church&rft.pages=41%2C+57-58&rft.pub=Evangelical+Wesleyan+Church&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott2006-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scott2006_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott2006_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott2006_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2006" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Rebekah (5 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.post-gazette.com/local/westmoreland/2006/01/05/Murrysville-Bible-school-produces-teachers-preachers-prophets-and-apostles/stories/200601050316">"Murrysville Bible school produces teachers, preachers, prophets and apostles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Murrysville+Bible+school+produces+teachers%2C+preachers%2C+prophets+and+apostles&rft.pub=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.date=2006-01-05&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Rebekah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Flocal%2Fwestmoreland%2F2006%2F01%2F05%2FMurrysville-Bible-school-produces-teachers-preachers-prophets-and-apostles%2Fstories%2F200601050316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitupc.org/headcoverings">"Headcoverings"</a>. Ukrainian Pentecostal Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>. <q>1 Corinthians 11 We interpret 1 Corinthians 11 quite literally. "4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonors his head. 5 But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, for that is one and the same as if her head were shaved." Why don't you interpret hair as being the covering? We do not interpret hair as being the covering because if hair is the covering the Bible is referring to then that must mean that men are not allowed to have hair or he dishonors his head. If a distinction is made between long hair as being the covering (in contrast to short hair) then in that case this piece of scripture must mean that women must have long hair as their covering. What is the purpose of headcovering? Some believe that the headcovering is an extension of other modesty guidelines found in the Bible. We believe that wearing the headcovering is about more than just modesty for women. Women are to cover their heads for angel's sake (1 Corinthians 11:10). "Through head coverings our women show all present that their position as a woman is also redeemed. No longer are they at war usurping and longing for the man's position of authority (Gen 3:16). Instead they're content in the role God ordained for them in Genesis 2."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Headcoverings&rft.pub=Ukrainian+Pentecostal+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitupc.org%2Fheadcoverings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawn2017-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dawn2017_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dawn2017_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawn2017" class="citation web cs1">Dawn, Eden (20 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pdxmonthly.com/news-and-city-life/2017/03/one-of-oregon-s-most-successful-designers-makes-modesty-garb-in-la-grande">"One of Oregon's Most Successful Designers Makes Modesty Garb in La Grande"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Portland_Monthly" title="Portland Monthly">Portland Monthly</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+of+Oregon%27s+Most+Successful+Designers+Makes+Modesty+Garb+in+La+Grande&rft.pub=Portland+Monthly&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft.aulast=Dawn&rft.aufirst=Eden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdxmonthly.com%2Fnews-and-city-life%2F2017%2F03%2Fone-of-oregon-s-most-successful-designers-makes-modesty-garb-in-la-grande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller2015-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller2015_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller2015_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2015" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Emily McFarlan (9 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/09/09/splainer-whats-apostolic-christian-and-why-kim-davis-hair-so-long/71947018/">"What's an Apostolic Christian and why is Kim Davis' hair so long?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+an+Apostolic+Christian+and+why+is+Kim+Davis%27+hair+so+long%3F&rft.pub=USA+Today&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Emily+McFarlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2015%2F09%2F09%2Fsplainer-whats-apostolic-christian-and-why-kim-davis-hair-so-long%2F71947018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brereton2002-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brereton2002_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBendrothBrereton2002" class="citation book cs1">Bendroth, Margaret Lamberts; Brereton, Virginia Lieson (2002). <i>Women and Twentieth-century Protestantism</i>. University of Illinois Press. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06998-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06998-7"><bdi>978-0-252-06998-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Twentieth-century+Protestantism&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-252-06998-7&rft.aulast=Bendroth&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Lamberts&rft.au=Brereton%2C+Virginia+Lieson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luke2016-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luke2016_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuke2016" class="citation web cs1">Luke, Shelton (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apostolic-faith.org/">"Statement of Apostolic Policy"</a>. The Church of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith. <q>You are cordially invited to The Church of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith regardless of race, creed, color or place of national origin. We ask however, that you abide by our Apostolic rules and the women have head covering and not wear pants.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Apostolic+Policy&rft.pub=The+Church+of+the+Lord+Jesus+Christ+of+the+Apostolic+Faith&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Luke&rft.aufirst=Shelton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapostolic-faith.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CYMF2018-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CYMF2018_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Manual of Faith and Practice of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends</i>. Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. pp. 107–110.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Faith+and+Practice+of+Central+Yearly+Meeting+of+Friends&rft.pages=107-110&rft.pub=Central+Yearly+Meeting+of+Friends&rft.date=2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lds_modesty_guidelines-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lds_modesty_guidelines_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lds_modesty_guidelines_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/for-the-strength-of-youth/dress-and-appearance?lang=eng">"Dress and Appearance"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Strength_of_Youth_(pamphlet)" title="For the Strength of Youth (pamphlet)">For the Strength of Youth</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://honorcode.byu.edu">The Brigham Young University Honor Code</a>, which includes "Dress and Grooming Standards," agreement to which is required for application.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarlo1996-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tarlo1996_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tarlo1996_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tarlo1996_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarlo1996" class="citation book cs1">Tarlo, Emma (1996). <i>Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226789767" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226789767"><bdi>978-0226789767</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clothing+Matters%3A+Dress+and+Identity+in+India&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0226789767&rft.aulast=Tarlo&rft.aufirst=Emma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bayly" title="Christopher Bayly">C. A. Bayly</a>, D.H.A. Kolff, <i>Two Colonial Empires: Comparative Essays on the History of India and Indonesia in the Nineteenth Century</i>, Springer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9024732746" title="Special:BookSources/978-9024732746">978-9024732746</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lesile, J. (Editor) (1992), <i>Roles and Rituals for Hindu Women</i>, Motilal Banarsidass Publications</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Cohn (1987), <i>An Anthropologist Among the Historians and Other Essays</i>, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195618754" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195618754">978-0195618754</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Ross, <i>Clothing: A Global History</i>, Cambridge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3186-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3186-8">978-0-7456-3186-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarlo199612–59-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarlo199612–59_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarlo1996">Tarlo 1996</a>, p. 12–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see Bernard Cohn, "Cloth, Clothes and Colonialism: India in the 19th Century", and Susan Bean, "Gandhi and Khadi: The Fabric of Independence"; both in Weiner and Schneider (editors), <i>Cloth and Human Experience</i>, Smithsonian Institution Press (1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nye, M. (1995). <i>A Place for Our Gods: The Construction of an Edinburgh Hindu Temple Community</i> (Vol. 8). Psychology Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubinstein and Connor (1999), <i>Staying Local in the Global Village: Bali in the Twentieth Century</i>, University of Hawaii Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0824821173" title="Special:BookSources/978-0824821173">978-0824821173</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gupta, M. (1994). "Sexuality in the Indian subcontinent". <i>Sexual and Marital Therapy</i>, 9(1), pp 57–69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McConnachie, J. (2008), <i>The Book of Love: The Story of the Kamasutra</i>, Macmillan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwyer, R. (2000). "The erotics of the wet sari in Hindi films". South Asia: <i>Journal of South Asian Studies</i>, 23(2), pp 143–160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ichaporia, N. (1983). "Tourism at Khajuraho an Indian enigma?" <i>Annals of Tourism Research</i>, 10(1), 75–92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/cr_diversity/hinduism.pdf">Culture and Religion Information Sheet: Hinduism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221071351/http://omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/cr_diversity/Hinduism.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of Western Australia (July 2012), page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2016" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Fatima (2016-06-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetempest.co/2016/06/10/style/fashion/i-used-my-religion-as-an-excuse-to-hide-my-body-until-now/">"I used my religion as an excuse to hide my body – until now"</a>. <i>The Tempest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tempest&rft.atitle=I+used+my+religion+as+an+excuse+to+hide+my+body+%E2%80%93+until+now&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Fatima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetempest.co%2F2016%2F06%2F10%2Fstyle%2Ffashion%2Fi-used-my-religion-as-an-excuse-to-hide-my-body-until-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150810122508/http://40hadithnawawi.com/index.php/the-hadiths/hadith-20">"Hadith 20 :: Modesty is from Faith"</a>. 40hadithnawawi.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://40hadithnawawi.com/index.php/the-hadiths/hadith-20">the original</a> on 10 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hadith+20+%3A%3A+Modesty+is+from+Faith&rft.pub=40hadithnawawi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F40hadithnawawi.com%2Findex.php%2Fthe-hadiths%2Fhadith-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patheos-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patheos_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patheos.com/Resources/Additional-Resources/Modesty-Not-Just-for-Women?offset=0&max=1">"Modesty: Not Only A Woman's Burden"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028021508/http://www.patheos.com/Resources/Additional-Resources/Modesty-Not-Just-for-Women?offset=0&max=1">Archived</a> 2016-10-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Patheos" title="Patheos">Patheos</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modestworld.com/laws.html">The Laws of Jewish Modesty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510043220/http://www.modestworld.com/laws.html">Archived</a> May 10, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2013" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Cory A. (2013). <i>The Ornament of a Spirit: Exploring the Reasons Covering Styles Change</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stoneboro,_Pennsylvania" title="Stoneboro, Pennsylvania">Stoneboro</a>: Ridgeway Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ornament+of+a+Spirit%3A+Exploring+the+Reasons+Covering+Styles+Change&rft.place=Stoneboro&rft.pub=Ridgeway+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Cory+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonAnderson2019" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Cory; Anderson, Jennifer (2019). <i>Fitted to Holiness: How Modesty is Achieved and Compromised among the Plain People</i>. <a href="/wiki/Millersburg,_Ohio" title="Millersburg, Ohio">Millersburg</a>: Acorn Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fitted+to+Holiness%3A+How+Modesty+is+Achieved+and+Compromised+among+the+Plain+People&rft.place=Millersburg&rft.pub=Acorn+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalacios1998" class="citation book cs1">Palacios, Ignacio (1998). <i>Biblical Apparel: A historical, cultural and biblical study of the Doctrine of Christian Modesty</i>. Salem: Allegheny Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Apparel%3A+A+historical%2C+cultural+and+biblical+study+of+the+Doctrine+of+Christian+Modesty&rft.place=Salem&rft.pub=Allegheny+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Palacios&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope2005" class="citation book cs1">Cope, Rosemary L. (2005). <i>Glorifying God in Holy Living</i>. <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ohio" title="Salem, Ohio">Salem</a>: Allegheny Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glorifying+God+in+Holy+Living&rft.place=Salem&rft.pub=Allegheny+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Rosemary+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModesty" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modesty&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modesty" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:modesty">modesty</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Modesty" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Modesty">Modesty</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modesty" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Modesty">Modesty</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFzkJ_oA818">What the Early Christians Believed About Modest Dress & Cosmetics</a> - <a href="/wiki/Scroll_Publishing_Company" title="Scroll Publishing Company">Scroll Publishing Company</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/332219878">You Need to be Ready to Let Go of What the Eye Sees</a> - Ari Teperberg</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nudity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nudity" title="Template:Nudity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nudity" title="Template talk:Nudity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nudity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nudity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nudity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">Nudity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nakedness and clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nudity" title="History of nudity">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_nakedness_and_clothing" title="Prehistory of nakedness and clothing">Prehistory of nakedness and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakedness_and_colonialism" title="Nakedness and colonialism">Nakedness and colonialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_nudity" title="Childhood nudity">Childhood nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">Sex segregation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_religion" title="Nudity in religion">Nudity in religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_public" title="Breastfeeding in public">Breastfeeding in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">Public bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">Finnish sauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massage" title="Massage">Massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">Toplessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom" title="Topfreedom">Topfreedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_toplessness_in_Canada" title="Female toplessness in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Topfreedom in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_and_protest" title="Nudity and protest">Nudity and protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Clothing laws by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nudity_and_sexuality" title="Nudity and sexuality">Nudity and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_part" title="Intimate part">Intimate part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism">Exhibitionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mooning" title="Mooning">Mooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaking" title="Streaking">Streaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripper" title="Stripper">Stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_stripper" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist stripper">Feminist stripper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">Voyeurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anasyrma" title="Anasyrma">Anasyrma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candaulism" title="Candaulism">Candaulism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_social_nudity" title="Issues in social nudity">Issues in social nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexualization" title="Sexualization">Sexualization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornification" title="Pornification">Pornification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_malfunction" title="Wardrobe malfunction">Wardrobe malfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_search" title="Strip search">Strip search</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism">Naturism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturist_resort" title="Naturist resort">Naturist resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_naturism" title="Christian naturism">Christian naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_naturism" title="Gay naturism">Gay naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosophy" title="Gymnosophy">Gymnosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naturist_magazines" title="Category:Naturist magazines">Naturist magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_organizations" title="List of social nudity organizations">Social nudity organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Anarchist naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_social_nudity" title="Timeline of social nudity">Timeline of social nudity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nude_recreation" title="Nude recreation">Nude recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">Nude beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming" title="Nude swimming">Nude swimming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming_in_US_indoor_pools" title="Nude swimming in US indoor pools">Nude swimming classes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party">Naked party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_wedding" title="Nude wedding">Nude wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nude_beaches" title="Category:Nude beaches">Nude beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clothing-optional_events" title="Category:Clothing-optional events">Clothing-optional events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_social_nudity_is_practised" title="List of places where social nudity is practised">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Africa" title="List of social nudity places in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Asia" title="List of social nudity places in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Europe" title="List of social nudity places in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_North_America" title="List of social nudity places in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_nudity_in_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Social nudity in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_nudity_in_Seattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Social nudity in Seattle">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Oceania" title="List of social nudity places in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_South_America" title="List of social nudity places in South America">South America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_nudity_advocates" title="Category:Social nudity advocates">Social nudity advocates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Barthel" title="Kurt Barthel">Kurt Barthel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Baxandall" title="Lee Baxandall">Lee Baxandall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bindrim" title="Paul Bindrim">Paul Bindrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilsley_Boone" title="Ilsley Boone">Ilsley Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Huntington" title="Henry S. Huntington">Henry S. Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Pudor" title="Heinrich Pudor">Heinrich Pudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_Raymond_Shaw" title="Elton Raymond Shaw">Elton Raymond Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ungewitter" title="Richard Ungewitter">Richard Ungewitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_nudity" title="Depictions of nudity">Depictions of nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_(art)" title="Nude (art)">Nude (art)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_nude_in_art" title="History of the nude in art">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Nude modeling (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography_(art)" title="Nude photography (art)">Nude photography (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_live_performance" title="Nudity in live performance">Nudity in live performance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_painting" title="Body painting">Body painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">Nudity in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_American_television" title="Nudity in American television">Nudity in American television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_music_videos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudity in music videos">Nudity in music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_print_media" title="Nudity in print media">Nudity in print media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Nudity in advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic photography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imagery_of_nude_celebrities" title="Imagery of nude celebrities">Imagery of nude celebrities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_calendar" title="Nude calendar">Nude calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_News" title="Naked News">Naked News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_combat" title="Nudity in combat">Nudity in combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_clause" title="Nudity clause">Nudity clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_psychotherapy" title="Nude psychotherapy">Nude psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nudity" title="Category:Nudity">Category</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nudity" title="Portal:Nudity">Portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex" title="Template:Sex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex" title="Template talk:Sex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_sexuality" title="Outline of human sexuality">Outline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">Erogenous zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">Libido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">male ejaculation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sex_museums" title="List of sex museums">Sex museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sex_tourism" title="Female sex tourism">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and<br />sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian demonology">Christian demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Hindu monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Jain monasticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and LGBT people">LGBT people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Sacred prostitution in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/16px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/24px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virtues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virtues" title="Template:Virtues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virtues" title="Template talk:Virtues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virtues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virtues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virtues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">Virtues</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About virtues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endowment_(philosophy)" title="Endowment (philosophy)">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_character" title="Moral character">Moral character</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trait_theory" title="Trait theory">Trait theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtue families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihārās</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushidō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Vices_and_Virtues" title="Catalogue of Vices and Virtues">Catalogue of Vices and Virtues</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emi_Omo_Eso" title="Emi Omo Eso">Emi Omo Eso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemic_virtue" title="Epistemic virtue">Epistemic virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_virtues" title="Five virtues">Five virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles_and_Eight_Virtues" title="Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues">Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics#Intellectual_virtue" title="Aristotelian ethics">Intellectual virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics#Moral_virtue" title="Aristotelian ethics">Moral virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Noble_Virtues" title="Nine Noble Virtues">Nine Noble Virtues</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omoluwabi" title="Omoluwabi">Omoluwabi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramīs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_virtues" title="Prussian virtues">Prussian virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Law" title="Scout Law">Scout Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">Theological</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_the_Seven_Grandfathers" title="Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers">Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Treasures_(Taoism)" title="Three Treasures (Taoism)">Three Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_in_Action_Inventory_of_Strengths" title="Values in Action Inventory of Strengths">Values in Action Inventory of Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual virtues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accountability" title="Accountability">Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alertness" title="Alertness">Alertness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">Altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(philosophy)" title="Authenticity (philosophy)">Authenticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmness" title="Calmness">Calmness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charisma" title="Charisma">Charisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">Chastity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanliness" title="Cleanliness">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion" title="Compassion">Compassion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientiousness" title="Conscientiousness">Conscientiousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">Courage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_courage" title="Civil courage">Civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_courage" title="Moral courage">Moral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy" title="Courtesy">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diligence" title="Diligence">Diligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discernment_(Christianity)" title="Discernment (Christianity)">Discernment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimity" title="Equanimity">Equanimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithfulness" title="Faithfulness">Faithfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelity" title="Fidelity">Fidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_(psychology)" title="Foresight (psychology)">Foresight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">Forgiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generosity" title="Generosity">Generosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(honor)" title="Glory (honor)">Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_faith" title="Good faith">Good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">Gratitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_virtue" title="Heroic virtue">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">Honesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">Hospitality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_(virtue)" title="Humanity (virtue)">Humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">Humility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impartiality" title="Impartiality">Impartiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocence" title="Innocence">Innocence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">Insight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">Integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">Emotional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_intelligence" title="Social intelligence">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement" title="Judgement">Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_(virtue)" title="Justice (virtue)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnanimity" title="Magnanimity">Magnanimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(history_of_ideas)" title="Magnificence (history of ideas)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meekness" title="Meekness">Meekness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy" title="Mercy">Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation" title="Moderation">Moderation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonattachment_(philosophy)" title="Nonattachment (philosophy)">Nonattachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspicacity" title="Perspicacity">Perspicacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">Piety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pity" title="Pity">Pity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politeness" title="Politeness">Politeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudence" title="Prudence">Prudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuality" title="Punctuality">Punctuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_(virtue)" title="Religion (virtue)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation" title="Renunciation">Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_resilience" title="Psychological resilience">Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">Respect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverence_(emotion)" title="Reverence (emotion)">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_indignation" title="Righteous indignation">Righteous indignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteousness" title="Righteousness">Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-control" title="Self-control">Self-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-cultivation" title="Self-cultivation">Self-cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-transcendence" title="Self-transcendence">Self-transcendence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sincerity" title="Sincerity">Sincerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathy" title="Sympathy">Sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_taste" title="Aesthetic taste">Taste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquillity" title="Tranquillity">Tranquillity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workmanship" title="Workmanship">Workmanship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/De_(Chinese)" title="De (Chinese)">De</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing_(philosophy)" title="Jing (philosophy)">Jing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li_(Confucianism)" title="Li (Confucianism)">Li</a></i></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(philosophy)" title="Ren (philosophy)">Ren</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yi_(philosophy)" title="Yi (philosophy)">Yi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia">Ataraxia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eutrapelia" title="Eutrapelia">Eutrapelia</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Philotimo" title="Philotimo">Philotimo</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophia_(wisdom)" title="Sophia (wisdom)">Sophia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhi%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Adhiṭṭhāna">Adhiṭṭhāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Ārjava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhrti" title="Dhrti">Dhṛti</a></i></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hr%C4%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Hrī (Buddhism)">Hrī</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshama" title="Kshama">Kshama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshanti" title="Kshanti">Kshanti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Muditā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Śraddhā</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Saddhā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekṣā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Auctoritas" title="Auctoritas">Auctoritas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charity_(Christian_virtue)" title="Charity (Christian virtue)">Caritas</a></i></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Decorum" title="Decorum">Decorum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_(Roman_concept)" title="Dignitas (Roman concept)">Dignitas</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Fides_(deity)" title="Fides (deity)">Fides</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gravitas" title="Gravitas">Gravitas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">Humanitas</a></i></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Pietas" title="Pietas">Pietas</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virtus" title="Virtus">Virtus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganbaru" title="Ganbaru">Ganbaru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giri_(Japanese)" title="Giri (Japanese)">Giri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></i></li> <li><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Seny" title="Seny">Seny</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu">Sisu</a></i></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Virt%C3%B9" title="Virtù">Virtù</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11199149#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4265699-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ostych"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123856&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX528352">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007541017905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modesty&oldid=1256725956">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modesty&oldid=1256725956</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modesty" title="Category:Modesty">Modesty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_love" title="Category:Philosophy of love">Philosophy of love</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Seven_virtues" title="Category:Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_October_2013" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2013">Articles to be expanded from October 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Catalan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Catalan-language text">Articles containing Catalan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 08:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modesty&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-4gblr","wgBackendResponseTime":165,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.164","walltime":"1.393","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8739,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":250592,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7682,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":350607,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1122.873 1 -total"," 39.42% 442.681 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.79% 132.441 36 Template:Cite_book"," 10.84% 121.703 4 Template:Navbox"," 9.74% 109.377 29 Template:Cite_web"," 8.08% 90.717 5 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.05% 90.405 1 Template:Langx"," 6.31% 70.865 1 Template:Nudity"," 5.10% 57.309 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.71% 52.892 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.683","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23731629,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAli2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonAnderson2019\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFArnold2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBendrothBrereton2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBercot1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlunt2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoynton1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBureau2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCope2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawn2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDehejia2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesk2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEarle1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnninger1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlinn2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraybill2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamiltonHawley1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenold2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoselit2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandau\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuke2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_Pivarunas1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuir2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Toole2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOringderffFey2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalacios1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetrovich2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaberSheetsAnderson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaff1889\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSciba2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSefton2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShrumKilburn1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSika2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnodgrass2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSparks2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinberg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarlo1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinger1919\"] = 1,\n [\"Law\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bibleverse\"] = 18,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 6,\n [\"CSS image crop\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 36,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 29,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 6,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Nudity\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Sex\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Virtues\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 6,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-744c7589dd-w6fsk","timestamp":"20241125143359","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Modesty","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modesty","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11199149","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11199149","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-17T10:27:48Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T08:12:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/CaliforniaBeachc1905.jpg","headline":"mode of dress and deportment which intends to avoid encouraging of sexual attraction in others"}</script> </body> </html>