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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Avibase - The World Bird Database</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta name="Description" content="Avibase is an extensive database information system about all birds of the world, containing over &1 million records about 10,000 species and 22,000 subspecies of birds, including distribution information for 20,000 regions, taxonomy, synonyms in several languages and more."> <meta name="KeyWords" content="bird, birds, birding, birder, birders, birdwatching, birdwatcher, birdwatchers, links, birdlink, birdlinks, ornithology, checklist, checklists, world, oiseau, oiseaux, aves, subspecies, family, taxonomy"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="images/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="images/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.4.2.1.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/avibase.css?v=20220326"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/fontawesome.all.5.6.3.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/jquery.alerts.css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/jquery-ui.min.1.12.1.css" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Avibase" href="opensearchplugin.xml">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-WXPFW3Y1F5"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 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padding: 4px !important;">MyAvibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists, and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion.</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="myavibase.jsp">myAvibase Home</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="myavb_lists.jsp">Manage lifelists</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="myavb_observ.jsp">Manage observations</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="myavb_reports.jsp">myAvibase reports</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-no-show" href="" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle='dropdown' aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Checklists </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown" style="border-top:3px solid #2F8894;"> <div class="small" style="color: #fff; padding: 4px !important;">There are more than 20,000 regional checklists in Avibase, offered in 9 different taxonomies, including synonyms more than 175 languages. Each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community, and also printed as PDF checklists for field use.</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="checklist.jsp?lang=EN">Avibase checklists</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="compare_regions.jsp?lang=EN">Compare Regions</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-no-show" href="" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle='dropdown' aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Search </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown" style="border-top:3px solid #2F8894;"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="search.jsp?lang=EN&isadv=yes">Avibase search</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="search.jsp?lang=EN&pg=families">Browse by families</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="authors.jsp?lang=EN">Browse by authors </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="publications.jsp?lang=EN">Browse by publications </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="familytree.jsp?lang=EN">Avibase Taxonomic Concepts</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-no-show" href="" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle='dropdown' aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Contribute </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown" style="border-top:3px solid #2F8894;"> <div class="small" style="color: #fff; padding: 4px !important;">There are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page, such as joining the Flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages.</div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="contrib.jsp?lang=EN">Contribute to Avibase</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="contrib.jsp?lang=EN">Acknowledgements</a> <a class="dropdown-item" target="_blank" href="https://flickr.com/groups/avibase/">Flickr group</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="flickr_stats.jsp?lang=EN">Media stats</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="flickr_stats.jsp?action=flickr&lang=EN">Flickr group members</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="flickr_stats.jsp?action=missing&lang=EN">Media wanted</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="translate.jsp?lang=EN">Contribute a better translation</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-no-show" href="" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle='dropdown' aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> English </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown" style="border-top:3px solid #2F8894;"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="languages.jsp">Change language</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="navbar-nav float-right"> <li class="nav-item active" id="signup"> <a class="nav-link" href="myavb_signup.jsp" id="signuplnk">Sign Up</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="navbar-nav float-right"> <li class="nav-item active" id="credlogout"> <a class="nav-link" href="javascript:void(0)" id="logoutlnk">Logout</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="navbar-nav float-right"> <li class="nav-item active" id="credlogin"> <a class="nav-link" href="javascript:void(0)" id="modalLogin2">Sign In</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="navbar-nav float-right"> <li class="nav-item active d-none d-xl-block"> <form action="search.jsp" name='avbsmall'> <input id="searchboxsm" placeholder="search avibase" name="qstr" type="text" style="width: 150px;" class="form-control"> </form> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="loginbox" title="Login to myAvibase" style="display: none;"> <span id="loginmsg" style="color: #939300; font-weight: bold;"></span> <p>Your login:<br> <input type="text" class="form-control" size="40" id="loginname" name="loginname" value=""/> <br /> Password:<br> <input type="password" class="form-control" size="40" id="password" name="password" value=""/> </p> <input type="checkbox" id="remember" checked> Stay signed in </div> <div id="reminderbox" title="Request a reminder" style="display: none;"> <span id="remindermsg" style="color: #939300; font-weight: bold;"></span> <p>Enter your login name or your email address and click on Send reminder to receive a reminder by email.</p> <input type="text" size="50" id="loginreminder" name="loginreminder" value=""/> <br /> </div> <div id="credentials" class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 text-right"> Welcome <span id="fullname">Guest</span> </div> </div> <div class="row main-body"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <h4>There are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page</h4> <p><b>Bird checklists:</b> I am continously working on the distribution data. If you have corrections or additions to make to an existing checklist, or a checklist for a new region not already covered, I'd love to hear from you.</p> <p><b>Life-history database:</b> One of the next addition to the page will be information about the birds life-history. I have started to compile information on clutch size, incubation period, survival rates, etc., especially for North American birds, but there is still a long way to go to cover all bird species. Any information that you can provide about life-history will be greatly appreciated.</p> <p><b>Translations:</b> This site is already available in several languages, and I am always interested to add new ones. If you are interested to provide a new translation, I can send you an Excel file that contains the text of this site (about 10,000 words). I am also always looking for bird synonyms in other languages.</p> <h4>Acknowledgements</h4> <P>I would like to thank everyone who have helped my build Avibase over the years. Although I have made every effort possible to include the names of everyone who helped me in the list below, I apologize in advance to anyone that I may have forgotten. I will gladly add your name if you contact me. On the other hand if, for any reason, you prefer that your name does not appear in this list, please also let me know.</P> <p style="font-size: 10pt">Hubertus ?, Nat ?, Sadhu ?, Ennoury Abdessamad, Al-Sirhan Alenezi Abdulrahman, Crystal Adams, Karen Aghababyan, Michael Agnes, Richard Alcorn, Pascal Aleixandre, Desmond Allen, Nick Allen, Robert Alvo, Waldek Amrozi, Jeff Andersen, Bruce Anderson, Jason Anderson, Michael J. Anderson, Robert L Anderson, Joe Angseesing, Aquiles Argote Cort茅s, Alejandro Arteaga, Bob Arthurs, Jean-Pierre Artigau, Christian Artuso, Kemal Atakay, Nick Athanas, Toby Austin, Alain Baccaert, D & S Badzinski, Nicolas Bailly, Pat Baines, Neil and Liz Baker, Larissa Bakker, Raul Balla, Christophe Balleron, Florinel-Gabriel Banica, Richard Banks, Pierre Bannon, Arpit Bansal, Arun Bansal, Henk Baptist, Thierry Bara, Sam Barclay, Gary Barnes, Jean-Luc Baron, Bruce Barrett, Lancaster Barry, Fred Baskey, Silvio Bassi, Ron Batie, John Baur, Gustavo Bautista, Alejandro Bayer, Carol Beardmore, Giff Beaton, William Beavitt, Marie-H茅l猫ne B茅cot, Max Bedacht, Paul Begheyn, Robert Behrstock, Michel Belaud, Raymond Bellhumeur, Kimim Ben, Hannelore Bendsen, Bo Beolens, Bj枚rn Bergenholtz, Erik Bergman, Alison Beringer, Monique Berlinguette, Cayetano Bernardo Paletta, Beto Bertolini, Niv Bessor, Keith Betton, Devendra Bhardwaj, Monalisa Bhujabal, Tomaso Bisol, Micheline Bisson, Karen Blaakmeer, Robert G. Black, Petr Blahn铆k, Michael Blair, Peter Blancher, Martijn Blok, Paul R M Boelens, Clara Isabel Bohorquez, Fabien Boichard, Philippe Boissel, Cristian Bolzonella, Jacques-Fran莽ois Bonaldi, Mark a Bonta, Luca Borghesio, Enrico Borgo, Al Borodayko, Eric Bos, H茅ctor Bottai, Marc Bouclier, Nicole Bouglouan, Patrick Bouss猫s, Geoff Bowen, James Bradley, Jonathan Braggs, Iain Bray, Matthew Breakstone, Jean-Paul Bresteau, Jo毛l Bried, Rog broadbent, Jorge Brocca, Duncan Brooks, Joost Brouwer, Chris Brown, Valerie Brown, Michael Bruce, Am茅lie B眉cker, Paul A. Buckley, Clayton Burne, Mike Burrell, <b>John Burridge *</b>, John T. "Terry" Burridge, Terry Burridge, Martin Butterfield, Diego Caballero, Neill Cade, Alan Cairns, Craig Caldwell, Dick Cannings, Pablo C谩rcamo Bravo, Philippe Carchon, Michael Carmody, Suzanne Carri猫re, Eva Casals i Graells, Salvador Cases, Bashir Cassimally, Krister Castren, Jordi Cerdeira i Ribot, Evaldo Cesari de Oliveira, Nawa Raj Chapagain, Allen Chartier, Roberto Chavarro, Marc J. Chelemer, Jerry Chen, Sharon Chester, Lance Chilton, Wendy Chin, Ireneusz Chorosz, Yvonne Christ, Carla Cicero, Olivier Claessens, Paul Clapham, Oriol Clarabuch, Santiago Claramunt, John Clark, Rohan Clarke, Glenn Coady, Avner Cohen, John Colby, Didier Collin, Katherine Collin, Steve Coney, Colin Conroy, Jerry Cooke, Dianne Cooper, Larry Cowan, Richard Craik, Ben Crampton, Mark Cranford, Megan Crewe, Mary Crickmore, David Crombie, Alain Crusiaux, Fergus Crystal, Michael Cunningham, Zoran Cveticanin, Adam D'Onofrio, Wanda Dameron, Gerry Danen, Normand David, Ian Davies, Robert Davies, Paul A. Davis, Richard Davis, Yulia Davydova, Hor谩cio de Almeida, Bert de Bruin, <b>Theo de Kok *</b>, Maria de Oliveira, Rex I. De Silva., Jennifer De Souza, Jolanda de Vries, Brindley de Zylva, Claude Declercq, Duan Dee, Murray Delahoy, Mark Dennis, Arpit Deomurari, Johnston Derek, Sylvain Deschenes, St茅phane Deshaies, Andr茅e Desjardins, Sandra deWitt, Juan Diaz, Eduardo D铆az, John Dicks, Douglas Dickson, Bruce Dickson Kerr, Ivanche Dimitrievski, Evert Dirks, Andrew Dobson, Zoltan Domahid, Paul Donald, Peter Donaldson, David Donsker, Carter Dorscht, Robert Dowsett, Andrew Dreelin, Michalis Dretakis, Peter Dreyer, Rodolphe Dubois, Ann Duff, Hugues Dufourny, Bernard Dugas, Dave Dunford, Pete Dunten, Bruno Durand, Milan Durecek, Jeff Eaton, Ron Eccles, Carlos Echeverr铆a, Cameron Eckert, Neotropical Eco Foundation, Ken Edward, Art Edwards, Martin Edwards, Ulrich Eidam, Camilla Ekblad, Brian Ekman-Gregersen, Eric Eldredge, Gon莽alo Elias, Andy Elliott, Chad Ellis, Ulf Elman, Gunnar Engblom, Josh Engel, Abdessamad Ennoury, Siegfried Erwin, Louis-Philippe Ethier, Grigory Evtukh, Kieran Fahy,   Fa铆sca, Faezeh Fatemi, Rob Felix, Jean-Michel Fenerole, Jairo Feris D., Pedro Fernandes, Pablo G. Fern谩ndez, Joan Carles Fern谩ndez-Ord贸帽ez, Michael Fiala, Sean Fitzgerald, Lars Flodmark, Teemu Fors, Anders Forsell, Ann and Dan Forster, <b>Alain Foss茅 *</b>, Richard Foster, J茅r么me Fournier, Jean Fran莽ois, Michael Frankis, Martin Fransson, Olaf Franzen, Mike Fraser, Juan Freile Ortiz, Bert Frenz, V铆ctor Fresco Barbeito, Jon Friedman, John Furse, Ulla M Gabrielsson, Ricardo Gagliardi, Anthony Gallon, Laura Gangoso, Catherine Garanger, Dennis Garratt, Nicola Gasco, David Gascoigne, Mark Gasson, Kai Gauger, Marcel Gauthier, Yves Gauthier, John Geale, Daphne Gemmill, Garry George, van der Haas Gerard, <b>Jeff Gerbracht *</b>, Paul Germain, Chris Gibbins, Michel Gierst, Martin Gilbert, Mat Gilfedder, Peter Ginsburg, Robert Gloria Farmer, Richard Goatley, Fr茅d茅ric Goes, Michel Gosselin, Anita Gould, Christophe Gouraud, <b>David Govan *</b>, Roland Graf, Don Graham, Alan Grenon, Manuel Grosselet, Zhang Guanyang, Jean-S茅bastien Gu茅nette, Lucien Gues, Juan Carlos Guix, Llu铆s Gustamente, Gus Guthrie, Mirgain Guy, Kari T. Haataja, Karim Haddad, Anders Hagborg, Cagan Hakki Sekercioglu, Mogens Hall Jensen, J枚rg Hanoldt, Lars Holst Hansen, Louis Hansen, Morten Bentzon Hansen, Jurij Hanzel, Jasef Harb, Jean Hardy, Alan Harper, Max Harrison, Gabriel Hartmann, Roy Harvey, Kurt Hasselman, Mark Hauswald, Pierrette Hauteville, Dick Haydon, Martyn Hayes, Dan Haywood, Jeffrey Hazell, Thierry Helsens, Scott Henderson, Sven Hennig, Denis Henri, Pierre-Yves Henri, Feliciano Javier Heredia Pineda, Stefanie Herrmann, Anthony Hertzel, Sebastian K. Herzog, Charles Hesse, David Hewett, David Hicklin, Reid Hildebrandt, Daniel Hinckley, Tyler Hoar, Andrew Hobbs, Wayne Hodgkinson, William Hofmeyr, James Hogg, Brad Hogue, Peter Holdsworth, Steve Holliday, Paul Holt, Harri Hongisto, Peter Hopkin, Alec Hopping, Simon Horner, Dave Horton, Rich Hoyer, Richard Hoyer, Jocelyn Hudon, Marie-Anne Hudson, Nigel Hudson, Dani L. Huertas, Anne Hughes, Doreen Hughes, Guy Huot, Altaf Hussain Talpur, Edward Hutchings, <b>Marshall Iliff *</b>, Miguel Ilija Fistar, Eduardo E. I帽igo-Elias, Muhammad Iqbal Sher, Askar Isabekov, Naoki Ishii, Moldovan Istvan, Praveen J, Niels J Larsen, Nigel Jackett, Peter Jaeger, Ottavio Janni, Carsten Jansen, Justin Jansen, Mar铆 Jansen van Rensburg, Alvaro Jaramillo, Rajah Jayapal, Ledant Jean-Paul, Pottelancie Jean-Pierre, Bakshi Jehangir, Mal Jenkins, Tom Jenner, Doug Jenness, Arne Jensen, Stein Arne Jensen, Erling Jirle, G茅rard Joann猫s, Jim Jobe, Tony Jochem, Roar Johansen, Philip Johnson, Derek Johnston, Ron Johnstone, Lars Jonsson, Eduardo Jordan, Eduardo A. Jordan, Andrew Judd, Steve Juhasz, Marc Junio, Mihkel J眉rgens, Vytautas Jusys, Layla Kabak, Leyla Kabak, Marko Kalker, Kou Kanreino, Jennifer Karr, Madis Karu, Krys Kazmierczak, Tom Keegan, John Keeling, Atakay Kemal, Neville Kemp, Dean Kendall, Patrick Kerboul, Bruno Kestemont, Abolghasem Khaleghizadeh, Ian Kirkham, Falko Kirtz, Andris Klepers, Richard Klim, Jerome Ko, Oliver Komar, Patcharee Komolphalin, Lim Kooi Fong, Sarath Kotagama, Drazen Kotro拧an, Peter Kovalik, Diane Kozelka, Bartosz Krakowski, Billi Krochuk, Zbigniew Kucharek, Thomas Kuenzel, Kees Kuijper, Bertrand Kurtzemann, Marek Kuzimienzo, Dani L Huertas, Antonio Lacasa-Ruiz, Cristian Laevuo, Markus Lagerqvist, Risto Lammin-Soila, Chris Lamsdell, Graham Langley, Claude Laplante, David LaPuma, Reynold Larsen, Morgan Larsson, Lance Laviolette, Ken Lawson, Daniel Le Dantec, Serge Le Huitouze, Virgilio Leal, <b>Rapha毛l Lebrun *</b>, Michael Lee, Wendy Lee, Alex Lees, Sarabjit Lehal, Matthias Leitschuh, Guy Lemelin, Aswin Lemmens, Peter Lengler, John Leonard, Batty Les, Kate Lessells, Lucas Leuzinger, Anthony L茅vesque, Fr茅d茅ric Leviez, Catherine Levy, Alan Lewis, Donald Lewis, Weijin Li, Jerry Ligon, Ricardo Lima, Ruey-Shing Lin, Paul Linegar, David Lohman, Yoann Lombard, Johan Lorentzon, Patric Lorg茅, Chris Lotz, Pedro Louren莽o, Vegan Luciferis, Mark Michael Ludlow, Jolanda Luksenburg, 脕kos Lumnitzer, David Lumsdaine, Lars Lundquist, Gie Luyts, Ian MacGregor, Stu Mackenzie, Barbara MacKinnon, Danielle Madden-Hallett, G谩bor Magyar, Simon Mahood, Joyce Maia, Tanja Maier, Gaell Mainguy, Neha Malik, Carlo Malinverni, B Naqqi Manco, Alan Manson, Etienne Marais, Art Martell, Clement Francis Martin, Schneider Martin, Virgil Martin, Jos茅 Ram贸n Mart铆n, Alex Mascarell, G眉nter Matzke-Hajek, Qenan Maxhuni, Brad McDonald, Kent McFarland, Michael J. McLeish, Kevin McNeill, Matthew Meddler, Bob Medland, Robert Meese, Arnold Meijer, Hanneke Meijer, Louis Mercier, Johan Meyer, Ingo Michalak, Waldek Michalik, Sascha Michel, Pawel Mielczarek, Doug Miller, Edward H. Miller, Seth Miller, Charles Mills, Guy Mirgain, Emmanuel Mirrales, Andy Mitchell, Daniel Mize, Steven Mlodinow, R Modrak, J茅r么me Mokoko Ikonga, Istv谩n Moldov谩n, Odile Molly, Frank Momberg, Camilo Monta帽ez, Marc-Antoine Montpetit, Milton Moody, Euan Moore, Janet Moore, Nial Moores, John Morgan, Kevin Morgan, Robert Morin, Joseph Morlan, Elaine Morrall, Alfred Moser, Laurent Moussiegt, Carl Mowery, William Mueller, Richard Muise, Henk Mulder, Alf Mullins, Brennan Mulrooney, Ted Murin, Ian Murray, Babak Musavi, Andy Musgrove, Stephen Myers, Daryll Myhr, Magne Myklebust, Claude Nadeau, Nils Navarro, Elnaz Neinavaz, David L. Nelson, Simon C. Nemtzov, Gertrud Neumann-Denzau, Seppo Neuvonen, George Newton, Robin Nicholoff, Seth Nilsson, Michael Noam, Rosemarie Noeske, Thierry Nogaro, Robert Norton, B氓rd Nyberg, Mara Nydegger Bell, Andrew O'Brien, Mark O'Brien, Gerardo Obando, Mark Oberle, Markie Obrien, David Oeverzwaluw, Georges Olioso, Kim 脴llgaard, Scott Olmstead, Leif H酶gh Olsen, Steffen Oppel, Lex Oskam, Andrew Owen, T眉rker 脰zpinar, Jay Packer, Jean Palesi, Dick Palmer, Bob Pann, Gabriella Papastefanou, Fauna Paraguay, N茅lio Parreira, Gordon Parsons, Rob Parsons, Jim Partington, Andy Paterson, Iubata Paula, Rogerio Paulo, Rogerio Dias Paulo, Roman Pavlat, Steven Pearlman, Paul Pedersen, Marisol Pedregosa, Bette Pegas, Erkki Per盲m盲ki, Charlie Perez, Eneider Perez, Jordi Peris, Yvan Perr茅, Alan Peterson, Clive Petrovic, Gunnlaugur P茅tursson, <b>Daniel Philippe *</b>, Raymond Pich茅, Ronald Pieters, Pikador Pikador, Matthew Pike, Mitzi Pine, Paulo Pitta, Manuel Plenge, Jean-Pierre Policard, Hanno Pondaag, Diane Porter, Richard Porter, Evgeny Potorochin, Bruce Potter, Pierre Poulin, Steve Preddy, Kevin Prideaux, Mike Prince, Greg Pringle, Marijn Prins, Lucia Prinz, Liz Pryde, Steve Pryor, Alessio Quaglierini, Henri Raben, Kurt Radamaker, Michal Radziszewski, Leah Ramsay, Simon Ranshaw, Marina Tatiana Rapakulia, Amir Rasheedh, Pamela Rasmussen, Gianluca Rassati, Elina Raukko, Scott Ray, Maurice Raymond, David Rayner, Martin Reid, Hermann Reinhardt, Ted Reissing, Wim Remmelzwaal, Van Remsen, Alexandre Renaudier, Mario Renden, Jeremy Rewse-Davies, Jan Hein Ribot, Terry Rich, Jim Richards, Colin Richardson, Ron Ridout, Martin Riesing, Erikjan Rijkers, Mathias Ritschard, Bj酶rn Roar L酶kken, Mark Blair Robbins, Jean-Michel Roberge, Don Roberson, Richard Robert, Iain Robertson, Yann Rochepault, Randy Rodgers, Jos茅 Rodr铆guez, Jan Erik R酶er, Stephen P. Rogers, Louis Roman, Herwig Ronsmans, Katja Rossvall, Ashley Rowden, R.L. Rowland, Igor Rozkladaj, Beyens Rudi, Bruce Ruppel, Eldar A. Rustamov, Jos Rutten, Liam Ryan, Michael Ryan, Arpan Saha, David Salas, Mudhafar Salim, Keith Salvesen, Mugisha Samuel, Rafael Sanchez Perez, Per Sandberg, Diane Sanscartier, Jos茅 Mar铆a Santiago, Dalila Santo, Harri Saptadi, Dave Sargeant, Linda Saul, Carl Savignac, Rick Schaefer, Steve Schafer, Peter-Paul Schets, Petrus Schets, Paolo Schiannini, John Schiebaan, Fabrice Schmidt, Jirka Schmidt, Bill Schmoker, Lindy Schneider, Martin Schneider, Val茅ry Schollaert, Louis Schrooten, Tom Schulenberg, Helmut Schumann, Benjamin Schweinhart, Bev Scott, Desiree Scott, Adam Searcy, Benoit Segerer, Roland Seitre, Cagan Sekercioglu, Peter Sekeris, Yeray Seminario, Charles Seniawski, Pia Sethi, John Seymour, Stan Shadick, Subir Shakya, Chris Shank, Alexander V. Sharikov, Susan Shriner, Walter Siegmund, Manfred Siering, Sveinung Sigbj酶rnsen, Maurizio Sighele, Roger Simms, Adityavardhan Singh, Emerson Skrabe, Herman Slagter, Harry Smit, Alastair Smith, Dave Smith, Chris Snyers, Jacob Socolar, Lisa Sorenson, Toon Spanhove, John Spencer, Slim Sreedharan, Kiran Srivastava, Ghislain St-Onge, Claudia Staab, Adri谩n Stagi, Zheljko Stanimirovic, Lennaert Steen, Sebastian Steibl, Katarina Stenman, Jacobs Steven, Graeme Stevens, Ted Stevens, Bill Stjern, Manoli Strecker, Peter Stronach, Iurii Strus, Charles Stubb, Charles Stubbs, David Sutton, Paul Sweet, Brian Sykes, Fernley Symons, Zdravko Tadic, Zalai Tam谩s, Hideo Tani, Doug Tate, Monte Taylor, Patricia Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Rachel C. Taylor, Tracy Taylor, Antony Tebbit, Dmitry Telnov, David Tempelman, Eric Teng, Stephan Terblanche, Uwe Thom, Oscar Thomas, Max C. Thompson, Dave Thrussell, David Thrussell, Serhat Tigrel, Frank and Jolanda Timmermans, Dominique Tissier, Carolyn Titus, Fernando Tizianel, Phil Tizzard, Delia Todd, Francis Toldi, Ales Tomazic, <b>Patrick Toomey *</b>, Marc T枚r枚k, Dave Torr, David Torr, Fl谩via Torres Presti, Patrick Traill, Colin Trainor, Roger Tremblay, Douglas B. Trent, Michael N Trevor, Martin Tribe, Tonya Tromblee, Thomas Trombone, Yannis Tsougrakis, Markku O. Tunturi, Jacques Turgeon, Glen Tyler, <b>Risto A. V盲is盲nen *</b>, Gerard van Aalst, Rudy van Dalen, Hille van Dam, Jan Van den Bosch, Jan van den Broeck, Jan van den Broek, Albert van den Ende, Gerard van der Haas, Roland van der Vliet, Volkert van der Willigen, Erik van Dijk, Tamsyn van Gelderen, Lex van Groningen, Ellen Van Kalmthout, Paul van Rijckevorsel, Chris van Turnhout, Jerry Vanclay, Gael R. Vande weghe, Jean P Vande weghe, Benjamin Vanzetta, Martin Vavrik, Liis Veelma, Elmar Veenendaal, Peter Vercruijsse, Juan Carlos Verhelst Montenegro, Bernardino Villa Bonilla, Jaap Vink, Alexandre Vintchevski, Anthony Virondeau, Anders Wahlbom, Mark Wallbank, Andy Wallis, Christian Walter, Phil Walton, Eddie Wang, Crammy Wanyama, <b>Jo Warnier *</b>, George Watola, Duncan Watson, Karl Watson, Stephen Welch, Jim Welford, Rob Wellens, Stephen Welsh, Veronique Wemaere, Walter Wesendahl, Lars Wessman, Terry Weston, Tom Wetmore, Antony Whitehead, Andy Whytock, Craig Wickham, Jerzy Wierzba, Keith & Janice Wiggers, Roger Wilkinson, Angus Wilson, Andreas Winding, Jack Windsor, Adam Winer, Nick Winstead, Martin Winter, Barb Winterfield, Peter Woodall, Robin W Woods, Simon K. Woolley, Martin Wootton, Jian-Long Wu, Klaus Wuennemann, Meng Xiangxi, Lip Kee Yap, Emin Yogurtcuoglu, Scott Young, Edgar Zeitler, Michael Zieger, Roger Zimmerman, Dave Ziolkowski, <b>John Zoch *</b>, Christoph Zockler</p> <p style="font-size: 10pt">* indicates a special contributor who provided a large amount of information</p> <p> <script language=javascript>  </script> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <div class="text-center" style="padding: 20px;"> <P>Avibase has been visited <b>416,893,659</b> times since 24 June 2003. © Denis Lepage | <a href="privacy.jsp">Privacy policy</a> </P> <center><a target="_blank" href="https://www.birdingtop500.com/"><img id="birdingtop500" src="images/birdingtop500blank.png" border=0></a></center> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>