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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EFnet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EFnet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>EFnet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EFnet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undernet_fork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undernet_fork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Undernet fork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undernet_fork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DALnet_fork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DALnet_fork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>DALnet fork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DALnet_fork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IRCnet_fork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IRCnet_fork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>IRCnet fork</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IRCnet_fork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_IRC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_IRC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Modern IRC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_IRC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technical information</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_information-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical information subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commands_and_replies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commands_and_replies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Commands and replies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commands_and_replies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_(RFC_1459)_modes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_(RFC_1459)_modes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Standard (RFC 1459) modes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_(RFC_1459)_modes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Channel operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hostmasks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hostmasks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Hostmasks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hostmasks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-URI_scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#URI_scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>URI scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-URI_scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Challenges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abuse_prevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuse_prevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Abuse prevention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abuse_prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clients</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clients-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clients subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Client_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Client_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Client software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Client_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bouncer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bouncer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bouncer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bouncer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Search_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Search engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character_encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character_encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Character encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character_encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-File_sharing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#File_sharing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>File sharing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-File_sharing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>General bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IRC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="بروتوكول الدردشة عبر الإنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول الدردشة عبر الإنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F" title="ইন্টারনেট রিলে চ্যাট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্টারনেট রিলে চ্যাট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interreta_relajsa_babilo" title="Interreta relajsa babilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interreta relajsa babilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="آی‌آرسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آی‌آرسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="आइआरसी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आइआरसी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF." title="ഐ.ആർ.സി. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐ.ആർ.സി." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irc" title="Irc – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Irc" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="ไออาร์ซี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไออาร์ซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" title="Internet Relay Chat – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Internet Relay Chat" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC" title="IRC – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="IRC" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q73#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q73" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protocol for real-time Internet chat and messaging</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/IRC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="IRC (disambiguation)">IRC (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:26em;"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Internet Relay Chat</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">IRC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Developer(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jarkko_Oikarinen" title="Jarkko Oikarinen">Jarkko Oikarinen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Introduction</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1988<span class="noprint">; 36 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1988-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Discord" title="Discord">Discord</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ircv3.net/">IRCv3</a> (standards process working group)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;"><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">OSI layer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Application layer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;"><a href="/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)" title="Port (computer networking)">Port(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6667, 6697</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; width:25%;"><a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459">1459</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">Application layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol" title="Border Gateway Protocol">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</a> (<a href="/wiki/DHCPv6" title="DHCPv6">v6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> (<a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">HTTP/3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">IMAP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" title="Media Gateway Control Protocol">MGCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">NNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First" title="Open Shortest Path First">OSPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Time_Protocol" title="Precision Time Protocol">PTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Network_Computing_Remote_Procedure_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call">ONC/RPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Time Streaming Protocol">RTSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routing_Information_Protocol" title="Routing Information Protocol">RIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol" title="Simple Network Management Protocol">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS/SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Application_layer_protocols" title="Category:Application layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">Transport layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol" title="Datagram Congestion Control Protocol">DCCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Reservation_Protocol" title="Resource Reservation Protocol">RSVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUIC" title="QUIC">QUIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_layer_protocols" title="Category:Transport layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Internet_layer" title="Internet layer">Internet layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">v4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">v6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a> (<a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">v6</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol">NDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification">ECN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Group_Management_Protocol" title="Internet Group Management Protocol">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_layer_protocols" title="Category:Internet layer protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Link_layer" title="Link layer">Link layer</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunneling_protocol" title="Tunneling protocol">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_access_control" title="Medium access control">MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Link_protocols" title="Category:Link protocols"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_protocol_suite" title="Template:Internet protocol suite"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_protocol_suite" title="Template talk:Internet protocol suite"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_protocol_suite" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet protocol suite"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tolsun_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tolsun_2.jpg/170px-Tolsun_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tolsun_2.jpg/255px-Tolsun_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tolsun_2.jpg/340px-Tolsun_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="3484" /></a><figcaption>The first IRC server, tolsun.oulu.fi, a <a href="/wiki/Sun-3" title="Sun-3">Sun-3</a> server on display near the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oulu" title="University of Oulu">University of Oulu</a> computer centre</figcaption></figure> <p><b>IRC</b> (<b>Internet Relay Chat</b>) is a text-based chat system for <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a>. IRC is designed for <a href="/wiki/Many-to-many" title="Many-to-many">group communication</a> in discussion forums, called <i><a href="#Channels">channels</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also allows one-on-one communication via <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">private messages</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Direct_Client-to-Client" title="Direct Client-to-Client">chat and data transfer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">file sharing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">application layer</a> protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client–server networking model</a>. Users connect, using a client—which may be a <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web app</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">standalone desktop program</a>, or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of programs used to connect include <a href="/wiki/Mibbit" title="Mibbit">Mibbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/IRCCloud" class="mw-redirect" title="IRCCloud">IRCCloud</a>, <a href="/wiki/KiwiIRC" class="mw-redirect" title="KiwiIRC">KiwiIRC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MIRC" title="MIRC">mIRC</a>. </p><p>IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users.<sup id="cite_ref-pingdom_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pingdom-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-irc_networks_top_100_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irc_networks_top_100-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History"><span class="anchor" id="MultiUser_Talk"></span> History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/IRCd#History" title="IRCd">IRCd § History</a></div> <p>IRC was created by <a href="/wiki/Jarkko_Oikarinen" title="Jarkko Oikarinen">Jarkko Oikarinen</a> in August 1988 to replace a program called MUT (MultiUser Talk) on a <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">BBS</a> called OuluBox at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oulu" title="University of Oulu">University of Oulu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, where he was working at the Department of Information Processing Science. Jarkko intended to extend the BBS software he administered, to allow news in the <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> style, real time discussions and similar BBS features. The first part he implemented was the chat part, which he did with borrowed parts written by his friends Jyrki Kuoppala and Jukka Pihl. The first IRC network was running on a single server named tolsun.oulu.fi.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oikarinen found inspiration in a chat system known as <a href="/wiki/Bitnet_Relay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitnet Relay">Bitnet Relay</a>, which operated on the <a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-founding_irc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding_irc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jyrki Kuoppala pushed Oikarinen to ask Oulu University to free the IRC code so that it also could be run outside of Oulu, and after they finally got it released, Jyrki Kuoppala immediately installed another server. This was the first "IRC network". Oikarinen got some friends at the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology" title="Helsinki University of Technology">Helsinki University of Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tampere_University_of_Technology" title="Tampere University of Technology">Tampere University of Technology</a><sup id="cite_ref-founding_irc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding_irc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to start running IRC servers when his number of users increased and other universities soon followed. At this time Oikarinen realized that the rest of the BBS features probably would not fit in his program.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oikarinen contacted people at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Denver" title="University of Denver">University of Denver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a>. They had their own IRC network running and wanted to connect to the Finnish network. They had obtained the program from one of Oikarinen's friends, Vijay Subramaniam—the first non-Finnish person to use IRC. IRC then grew larger and got used on the entire Finnish national network—<a href="/wiki/FUNET" title="FUNET">FUNET</a>—and then connected to <a href="/wiki/NORDUnet" title="NORDUnet">Nordunet</a>, the Scandinavian branch of the Internet. In November 1988, IRC had spread across the Internet and in the middle of 1989, there were some 40 servers worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EFnet">EFnet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: EFnet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1990, the first major disagreement took place in the IRC world. The "A-net" (Anarchy net) included a server named eris.berkeley.edu. It was all open, required no passwords and had no limit on the number of connects. As Greg "wumpus" Lindahl explains:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "it had a wildcard server line, so people were hooking up servers and <a href="/wiki/IRC_takeover#Nick_collision" title="IRC takeover">nick-colliding</a> everyone". The "Eris Free Network", <a href="/wiki/EFnet" title="EFnet">EFnet</a>, made the eris machine the first to be Q-lined (Q for quarantine) from IRC. In wumpus' words again:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Eris refused to remove that line, so I formed EFnet. It wasn't much of a fight; I got all the hubs to join, and almost everyone else got carried along." A-net was formed with the eris servers, while EFnet was formed with the non-eris servers. History showed most servers and users went with EFnet. Once A-net disbanded, the name EFnet became meaningless, and once again it was the one and only IRC network.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around that time IRC was used to report on the <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt</a> throughout a <a href="/wiki/Media_blackout" title="Media blackout">media blackout</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was previously used in a similar fashion during the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chat_log" title="Chat log">Chat logs</a> of these and other events are kept in the <a href="/wiki/Ibiblio" title="Ibiblio">ibiblio</a> archive.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undernet_fork">Undernet fork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Undernet fork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another fork effort, the first that made a lasting difference, was initiated by "Wildthang" in the United States in October 1992. (It forked off the EFnet ircd version 2.8.10). It was meant to be just a test network to develop bots on but it quickly grew to a network "for friends and their friends". In Europe and Canada a separate new network was being worked on and in December the French servers connected to the Canadian ones, and by the end of the month, the French and Canadian network was connected to the US one, forming the network that later came to be called "The <a href="/wiki/Undernet" title="Undernet">Undernet</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "undernetters" wanted to take ircd further in an attempt to make it use less bandwidth and to try to sort out the channel chaos (<a href="/wiki/Netsplit" title="Netsplit">netsplits</a> and <a href="/wiki/IRC_takeover" title="IRC takeover">takeovers</a>) that EFnet started to suffer from. For the latter purpose, the Undernet implemented timestamps, new routing and offered the CService—a program that allowed users to register channels and then attempted to protect them from troublemakers. The first server list presented, from 15 February 1993, includes servers from the U.S., Canada, France, Croatia and Japan. On 15 August, the new user count record was set to 57 users.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1993, RFC 1459<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_1_introduction_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_1_introduction-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published and details a simple protocol for client/server operation, channels, one-to-one and one-to-many conversations.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant number of extensions like CTCP, colors and formats are not included in the protocol specifications, nor is character encoding,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which led various implementations of servers and clients to diverge. Software implementation varied significantly from one network to the other, each network implementing their own policies and standards in their own code bases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DALnet_fork">DALnet fork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: DALnet fork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the summer of 1994, the Undernet was itself forked. The new network was called <a href="/wiki/DALnet" title="DALnet">DALnet</a> (named after its founder: dalvenjah), formed for better user service and more user and channel protections. One of the more significant changes in DALnet was use of longer nicknames (the original ircd limit being 9 letters). DALnet ircd modifications were made by Alexei "Lefler" Kosut. DALnet was thus based on the Undernet ircd server, although the DALnet pioneers were EFnet abandoners. According to James Ng, the initial DALnet people were "ops in #StarTrek sick from the constant splits/lags/takeovers/etc".<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DALnet quickly offered global WallOps (IRCop messages that can be seen by users who are +w (/mode NickName +w)), longer nicknames, Q:Lined nicknames (nicknames that cannot be used i.e. ChanServ, IRCop, NickServ, etc.), global K:Lines (ban of one person or an entire domain from a server or the entire network), IRCop only communications: GlobOps, +H mode showing that an IRCop is a "helpop" etc. Much of DALnet's new functions were written in early 1995 by Brian "Morpher" Smith and allow users to own nicknames, control channels, send memos, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IRCnet_fork">IRCnet fork</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: IRCnet fork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1996, after months of <a href="/wiki/Flame_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame war">flame wars</a> and discussions on the mailing list, there was yet another split due to disagreement in how the development of the ircd should evolve. Most notably, the "European" (most of those servers were in Europe) side that later named itself <a href="/wiki/IRCnet" title="IRCnet">IRCnet</a> argued for nick and channel delays whereas the EFnet side argued for timestamps.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also disagreements about policies: the European side had started to establish a set of rules directing what IRCops could and could not do, a point of view opposed by the US side.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most (not all) of the IRCnet servers were in Europe, while most of the EFnet servers were in the US. This event is also known as "The Great Split" in many IRC societies. EFnet has since (as of August 1998) grown and passed the number of users it had then. In the (northern) autumn of the year 2000, EFnet had some 50,000 users and IRCnet 70,000.<sup id="cite_ref-stenberg_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_IRC">Modern IRC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern IRC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IRC has changed much over its life on the Internet. New server software has added a multitude of new features. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRC_services" title="IRC services">Services</a>: Network-operated bots to facilitate registration of nicknames and channels, sending messages for offline users and network operator functions.</li> <li>Extra modes: While the original IRC system used a set of standard user and channel modes, new servers add many new modes for features such as removing color codes from text,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or obscuring a user's hostmask ("cloaking") to protect from <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial-of-service attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Proxy detection: Most modern servers support detection of users attempting to connect through an insecure (misconfigured or exploited) <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxy server</a>, which can then be denied a connection. This proxy detection software is used by several networks, although that real time list of proxies is defunct since early 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Additional commands: New commands can be such things as shorthand commands to issue commands to Services, to network-operator-only commands to manipulate a user's hostmask.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a>: For the client-to-server leg of the connection <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS</a> might be used (messages cease to be secure once they are relayed to other users on standard connections, but it makes <a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">eavesdropping</a> on or wiretapping an individual's IRC sessions difficult). For client-to-client communication, <a href="/wiki/Secure_Direct_Client-to-Client" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Direct Client-to-Client">SDCC</a> (Secure DCC) can be used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Connection protocol: IRC can be connected to via <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>, the old version of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a>, or by <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>, the current standard of the protocol.</li></ul> <p>As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a new standardization effort is under way under a working group called IRCv3, which focuses on more advanced client features such as instant notifications, better history support and improved security.<sup id="cite_ref-ircv3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ircv3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, no major IRC networks have fully adopted the proposed standard.<sup id="cite_ref-ircv3usage_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ircv3usage-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of June 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there are 481 different IRC networks known to be operating,<sup id="cite_ref-networks_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-networks-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which the open source <a href="/wiki/Libera_Chat" title="Libera Chat">Libera Chat</a>, founded in May 2021, has the most users, with 20,374 channels on 26 servers; between them, the top 100 IRC networks share over 100 thousand channels operating on about one thousand servers.<sup id="cite_ref-top_100_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_100-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After its golden era during the 1990s and early 2000s (240,000 users on QuakeNet in 2004), IRC has seen a significant decline, losing around 60% of users between 2003 and 2012, with users moving to <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> or <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pingdom_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pingdom-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also to open platforms such as <a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a> which was developed in 1999. Certain networks such as <a href="/wiki/Freenode" title="Freenode">Freenode</a> have not followed the overall trend and have more than quadrupled in size during the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-pingdom_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pingdom-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Freenode, which in 2016 had around 90,000 users, has since declined to about 9,300 users.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest IRC networks have traditionally been grouped as the "Big Four"<sup id="cite_ref-the_book_of_irc_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_book_of_irc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_of_new_media_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia_of_new_media-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-the_imac_book_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_imac_book-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-information_technology_for_management_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-information_technology_for_management-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—a designation for networks that top the statistics. The Big Four networks change periodically, but due to the community nature of IRC there are a large number of other networks for users to choose from. </p><p>Historically the "Big Four" were:<sup id="cite_ref-the_book_of_irc_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_book_of_irc-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_of_new_media_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia_of_new_media-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-the_imac_book_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_imac_book-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EFnet" title="EFnet">EFnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCnet" title="IRCnet">IRCnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undernet" title="Undernet">Undernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DALnet" title="DALnet">DALnet</a></li></ul> <p>IRC reached 6 million simultaneous users in 2001 and 10 million users in 2004–2005, dropping to around 350k in 2021.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The top 100 IRC networks have around 230k users connected at peak hours.<sup id="cite_ref-netsplitde-top100_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netsplitde-top100-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Timeline of major servers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EFnet" title="EFnet">EFnet</a>, 1990 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undernet" title="Undernet">Undernet</a>, 1992 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DALnet" title="DALnet">DALnet</a>, 1994 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freenode" title="Freenode">freenode</a>, 1995 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCnet" title="IRCnet">IRCnet</a>, 1996 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuakeNet" title="QuakeNet">QuakeNet</a>, 1997 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_and_Free_Technology_Community" title="Open and Free Technology Community">Open and Free Technology Community</a>, 2001 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizon" title="Rizon">Rizon</a>, 2002 to present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Chat" title="Libera Chat">Libera Chat</a>, 2021 to present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_information">Technical information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technical information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/IRCd" title="IRCd">IRCd</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexchat_2.16.0_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hexchat_2.16.0_screenshot.png/220px-Hexchat_2.16.0_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hexchat_2.16.0_screenshot.png/330px-Hexchat_2.16.0_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Hexchat_2.16.0_screenshot.png/440px-Hexchat_2.16.0_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>A screenshot of <a href="/wiki/HexChat" title="HexChat">HexChat</a>, an IRC client for <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> environments</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irssi_1.2.3_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Irssi_1.2.3_screenshot.png/220px-Irssi_1.2.3_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Irssi_1.2.3_screenshot.png/330px-Irssi_1.2.3_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Irssi_1.2.3_screenshot.png/440px-Irssi_1.2.3_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Irssi" title="Irssi">Irssi</a>, a text-based IRC client</figcaption></figure> <p>IRC is an open <a href="/wiki/Network_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Network protocol">protocol</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a><sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_1_introduction_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_1_introduction-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, optionally, <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS</a>. An <a href="/wiki/IRC_server" class="mw-redirect" title="IRC server">IRC server</a> can connect to other IRC servers to expand the IRC network.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users access IRC networks by connecting a client to a server.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many client implementations, such as <a href="/wiki/MIRC" title="MIRC">mIRC</a>, <a href="/wiki/HexChat" title="HexChat">HexChat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irssi" title="Irssi">irssi</a>, and server implementations, e.g. the original <a href="/wiki/IRCd" title="IRCd">IRCd</a>. Most IRC servers do not require users to register an account but a <a href="/wiki/Nickname#Computing" title="Nickname">nickname</a> is required before being connected.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IRC was originally a <a href="/wiki/Text-based_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-based protocol">plain text protocol</a><sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_1_introduction_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_1_introduction-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although later extended), which on request was assigned port <a href="/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers" title="List of TCP and UDP port numbers">194/TCP</a> by <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>de facto</i> standard</a> has always been to run IRC on 6667/TCP<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and nearby port numbers (for example TCP ports 6660–6669, 7000)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to avoid having to run the <a href="/wiki/IRCd" title="IRCd">IRCd</a> software with <a href="/wiki/Superuser" title="Superuser">root privileges</a>. </p><p>The protocol specified that characters were 8-bit but did not specify the character encoding the text was supposed to use.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can cause problems when users using different clients and/or different platforms want to converse. </p><p>All client-to-server IRC protocols in use today are descended from the protocol implemented in the irc2.4.0 version of the IRC2 server, and documented in RFC 1459. Since RFC 1459 was published, the new features in the irc2.10 implementation led to the publication of several revised protocol documents (RFC 2810, RFC 2811, RFC 2812 and RFC 2813); however, these protocol changes have not been widely adopted among other implementations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although many specifications on the IRC protocol have been published, there is no official specification, as the protocol remains dynamic. Virtually no clients and very few servers rely strictly on the above RFCs as a reference.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Microsoft made an extension for IRC in 1998 via the proprietary <a href="/wiki/IRCX" title="IRCX">IRCX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They later stopped distributing software supporting IRCX, instead developing the proprietary <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notification_Protocol" title="Microsoft Notification Protocol">MSNP</a>. </p><p>The standard structure of a network of IRC servers is a <a href="/wiki/Tree_network" title="Tree network">tree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Messages are routed along only necessary branches of the tree but network state is sent to every server<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is generally a high degree of implicit trust between servers. However, this architecture has a number of problems. A misbehaving or malicious server can cause major damage to the network<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and any changes in structure, whether intentional or a result of conditions on the underlying network, require a net-split and net-join. This results in a lot of network traffic and spurious quit/join messages to users<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and temporary loss of communication to users on the splitting servers. Adding a server to a large network means a large background bandwidth load on the network and a large memory load on the server. Once established, however, each message to multiple recipients is delivered in a fashion similar to <a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">multicast</a>, meaning each message travels a network link exactly once.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a strength in comparison to non-multicasting protocols such as <a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</a> (SMTP)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Messaging_and_Presence_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol">Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol</a> (XMPP)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>An IRC daemon can be used on a local area network (LAN). IRC can thus be used to facilitate communication between people within the local area network (internal communication).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commands_and_replies">Commands and replies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Commands and replies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_commands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Internet Relay Chat commands">List of Internet Relay Chat commands</a></div> <p>IRC has a line-based structure. Clients send single-line messages to the server,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> receive replies to those messages<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and receive copies of some messages sent by other clients. In most clients, users can enter commands by prefixing them with a '/'. Depending on the command, these may either be handled entirely by the client, or (generally for commands the client does not recognize) passed directly to the server, possibly with some modification.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the nature of the protocol, automated systems cannot always correctly pair a sent command with its reply with full reliability and are subject to guessing.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channels">Channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic means of communicating to a group of users in an established IRC session is through a <i><a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">channel</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_3.2.2_to_a_group_(channel)_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_3.2.2_to_a_group_(channel)-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channels on a network can be displayed using the IRC command <i>LIST</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which lists all currently available channels that do not have the modes +s or +p set, on that particular network. </p><p>Users can <i>join</i> a channel using the <i>JOIN</i> command,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_4.2.1_join_message_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_4.2.1_join_message-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in most clients available as <i>/join #channelname</i>. Messages sent to the joined channels are then relayed to all other users.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_3.2.2_to_a_group_(channel)_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_3.2.2_to_a_group_(channel)-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Channels that are available across an entire IRC network are prefixed with a '#', while those local to a server use '&'.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other less common channel types include '+' channels—'modeless' channels without operators<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—and '!' channels, a form of <a href="#delay">timestamped</a> channel on normally non-timestamped networks.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modes">Modes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Users and channels may have <i>modes</i> that are represented by individual case-sensitive letters<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are set using the <i>MODE</i> command.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> User modes and channel modes are separate and can use the same letter to mean different things (e.g. user mode "i" is invisible mode while channel mode "i" is invite only.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Modes are usually set and unset using the mode command that takes a target (user or channel), a set of modes to set (+) or unset (-) and any parameters the modes need. </p><p>Some channel modes take parameters and other channel modes apply to a user on a channel or add or remove a mask (e.g. a ban mask) from a list associated with the channel rather than applying to the channel as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modes that apply to users on a channel have an associated symbol that is used to represent the mode in names replies<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_p.51_rpl_namreply_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_p.51_rpl_namreply-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sent to clients on first joining a channel<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_4.2.1_join_message_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_4.2.1_join_message-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and use of the names command) and in many clients also used to represent it in the client's displayed list of users in a channel or to display an own indicator for a user's modes. </p><p>In order to correctly parse incoming mode messages and track channel state the client must know which mode is of which type and for the modes that apply to a user on a channel which symbol goes with which letter. In early implementations of IRC this had to be hard-coded in the client but there is now a de facto standard extension to the protocol called ISUPPORT that sends this information to the client at connect time using numeric 005.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a small design fault in IRC regarding modes that apply to users on channels: the names message used to establish initial channel state can only send one such mode per user on the channel,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_p.51_rpl_namreply_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_p.51_rpl_namreply-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but multiple such modes can be set on a single user. For example, if a user holds both operator status (+o) and voice status (+v) on a channel, a new client will be unable to see the mode with less priority (i.e. voice). Workarounds for this are possible on both the client and server side; a common solution is to use IRCv3 "multi-prefix" extension.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standard_(RFC_1459)_modes"><span id="Standard_.28RFC_1459.29_modes"></span>Standard (RFC 1459) modes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Standard (RFC 1459) modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>User modes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Letter </th> <th>Symbol </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>i</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>Invisible—cannot be seen without a common channel or knowing the exact name </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>s</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>Receives server notices </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>w</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>Receives wallops<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>o</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>User is an IRC operator (ircop) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Channel modes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Letter </th> <th>Symbol </th> <th>Parameter(s) </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>o</b> </td> <td>@ </td> <td>Name of affected user </td> <td>Channel operator—can change channel modes and kick users out of the channel among other things </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>s</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Secret channel—not shown in channel list or user whois except to users already on the channel </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>p</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Private channel—listed in channel list as "prv" according to RFC 1459 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>n</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Users cannot send messages to the channel externally </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>m</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Channel is moderated (only those who hold channel operator or voice status on the channel can send messages to it) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>i</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Only users with invites may enter the channel. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>t</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Only channel operators can change the channel topic. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>l</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>Limit number </td> <td>Limits number of users able to be on channel (when full, no new users can join) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>b</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ban mask (nick!user@host with wildcards allowed) </td> <td>Bans <a href="/wiki/Hostmask" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostmask">hostmasks</a> from channel </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>v</b> </td> <td>+ </td> <td>Name of affected user </td> <td>Gives a user voice status on channel (see +m above) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>k</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>New channel key </td> <td>Sets a channel key such that only users knowing the key can enter </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many daemons and networks have added extra modes or modified the behavior of modes in the above list.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channel_operators">Channel operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Channel operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <i>channel operator</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">client</a> on an <a href="/wiki/IRC_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="IRC channel">IRC channel</a> that manages the channel. IRC channel operators can be easily seen by the symbol or icon next to their name (varies by client implementation, commonly a "@" symbol prefix, a green circle, or a Latin letter "+o"/"o"). On most networks, an operator can: </p> <ul><li>Kick a user.</li> <li>Ban a user.</li> <li>Give another user IRC Channel Operator Status or IRC Channel Voice Status.</li> <li>Change the IRC Channel topic while channel mode +t is set.</li> <li>Change the IRC Channel Mode locks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operators">Operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IRC_operator" title="IRC operator">IRC operator</a></div> <p>There are also users who maintain elevated rights on their local server, or the entire network; these are called IRC operators,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_1.2.1_operators_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_1.2.1_operators-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes shortened to IRCops or Opers (not to be confused with channel operators). As the implementation of the IRCd varies, so do the privileges of the IRC operator on the given IRCd. RFC 1459<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_1.2.1_operators_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_1.2.1_operators-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claims that IRC operators are "a necessary evil" to keep a clean state of the network, and as such they need to be able to disconnect and reconnect servers. Additionally, to prevent malicious users or even harmful automated programs from entering IRC, IRC operators are usually allowed to disconnect clients and completely ban IP addresses or complete subnets. Networks that carry services (NickServ et al.) usually allow their IRC operators also to handle basic "ownership" matters. Further privileged rights may include overriding channel bans (being able to join channels they would not be allowed to join, if they were not opered), being able to op themselves on channels where they would not be able without being opered, being auto-opped on channels always and so forth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hostmasks">Hostmasks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hostmasks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A hostmask is a unique identifier of an IRC <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">client</a> connected to an IRC <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thiedeke-2003_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thiedeke-2003-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rogers-2005_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rogers-2005-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IRC <a href="/wiki/IRCd" title="IRCd">servers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat services">services</a>, and other clients, including <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat_bot" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat bot">bots</a>, can use it to identify a specific IRC session. </p><p>The format of a hostmask is <code>nick!user@host</code>. The hostmask looks similar to, but should not be confused with an <a href="/wiki/E-mail_address" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail address">e-mail address</a>. </p><p>The nick part is the nickname chosen by the user and may be changed while connected. The user part is the username reported by <a href="/wiki/Ident_protocol" title="Ident protocol">ident</a> on the client.<sup id="cite_ref-petersen-2002_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petersen-2002-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If ident is not available on the client, the username specified when the client connected is used after being prefixed with a <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-freenode_faq_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freenode_faq-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The host part is the <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a> the client is connecting from. If the <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> of the client cannot be resolved to a valid <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a> by the server, it is used instead of the hostname. </p><p>Because of the <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a> implications of exposing the IP address or hostname of a client, some <a href="/wiki/IRCd" title="IRCd">IRC daemons</a> also provide privacy features, such as InspIRCd or UnrealIRCd's "+x" mode. This <a href="/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function" title="Cryptographic hash function">hashes</a> a client IP address or masks part of a client's hostname, making it unreadable to users other than <a href="#IRC_operators">IRCops</a>. Users may also have the option of requesting a "virtual host" (or "vhost"), to be displayed in the hostmask to allow further anonymity. Some IRC networks, such as <a href="/wiki/Libera_Chat" title="Libera Chat">Libera Chat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Freenode" title="Freenode">Freenode</a>, use these as "cloaks" to indicate that a user is affiliated with a group or project.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="URI_scheme">URI scheme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: URI scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three provisional recognized <a href="/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform resource identifier">uniform resource identifier</a> (URI) schemes for Internet Relay Chat: <code>irc</code>, <code>ircs</code>, and <code>irc6</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When supported, they allow <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> of various forms, including </p> <pre>irc://<host>[:<port>]/[<channel>[?<channel_keyword>]] ircs://<host>[:<port>]/[<channel>[?<channel_keyword>]] irc6://<host>[:<port>]/[<channel>[?<channel_keyword>]] </pre> <p>(where items enclosed within brackets ([,]) are optional) to be used to (if necessary) connect to the specified host (or network, if known to the IRC client) and join the specified channel.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This can be used within the client itself, or from another application such as a Web browser). irc is the default URI, irc6 specifies a connection to be made using IPv6, and ircs specifies a secure connection. </p><p>Per the specification, the usual <a href="/wiki/Hash_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hash symbol">hash symbol</a> (#) will be prepended to channel names that begin with an <a href="/wiki/Alphanumeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphanumeric">alphanumeric</a> character—allowing it to be omitted. Some implementations (for example, mIRC) will do so <i>unconditionally</i> resulting in a (usually unintended) extra (for example, ##channel), if included in the URL. </p><p>Some implementations allow multiple channels to be specified, separated by commas.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Issues in the original design of IRC were the amount of shared state data<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being a limitation on its scalability,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the absence of unique user identifications leading to the nickname collision problem,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lack of protection from <a href="/wiki/Netsplit" title="Netsplit">netsplits</a> by means of cyclic routing,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the trade-off in scalability for the sake of real-time user presence information,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> protocol weaknesses providing a platform for abuse,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no transparent and optimizable message passing,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and no encryption.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these issues have been addressed in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat#Modern_IRC" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Modern IRC</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks">Attacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because IRC connections may be unencrypted and typically span long time periods, they are an attractive target for <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">DoS/DDoS attackers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">hackers</a>. Because of this, careful security policy is necessary to ensure that an IRC network is not susceptible to an attack such as a <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat_takeover" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat takeover">takeover</a> war. IRC networks may also <a href="/wiki/K-line_(IRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="K-line (IRC)">K-line</a> or <a href="/wiki/G-line" class="mw-redirect" title="G-line">G-line</a> users or servers that have a harming effect. </p><p>Some IRC servers support <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL/TLS</a> connections for security purposes. This helps stop the use of <a href="/wiki/Packet_sniffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Packet sniffer">packet sniffer</a> programs to obtain the passwords of IRC users, but has little use beyond this scope due to the public nature of IRC channels. SSL connections require both client and server support (that may require the user to install SSL binaries and IRC client specific patches or modules on their computers). Some networks also use SSL for server-to-server connections, and provide a special channel flag (such as <code>+S</code>) to only allow SSL-connected users on the channel, while disallowing operator identification in clear text, to better utilize the advantages that SSL provides.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IRC served as an early laboratory for many kinds of Internet attacks, such as using fake <a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a> unreachable messages to break <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a>-based IRC connections (<a href="/wiki/Nuke_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuke (computer)">nuking</a>) to annoy users or facilitate <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat_takeover" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat takeover">takeovers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abuse_prevention">Abuse prevention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Abuse prevention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/IRC" title="Special:EditPage/IRC">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>One of the most contentious technical issues surrounding IRC implementations, which survives to this day, is the merit of "Nick/Channel Delay" vs. "Timestamp" protocols. Both methods exist to solve the problem of denial-of-service attacks, but take very different approaches. The problem with the original IRC protocol as implemented was that when two servers split and rejoined, the two sides of the network would simply merge their channels. If a user could join on a "split" server, where a channel that existed on the other side of the network was empty, and gain operator status, they would become a channel operator of the "combined" channel after the <a href="/wiki/Netsplit" title="Netsplit">netsplit</a> ended; if a user took a nickname that existed on the other side of the network, the server would kill both users when rejoining (a "nick collision"). This was often abused to "mass-kill" all users on a channel, thus creating "opless" channels where no operators were present to deal with abuse. Apart from causing problems within IRC, this encouraged people to conduct denial-of-service attacks against IRC servers in order to cause <a href="/wiki/Netsplit" title="Netsplit">netsplits</a>, which they would then abuse. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="delay"></span> The <b>nick delay</b> (ND) and <b>channel delay</b> (CD) strategies aim to prevent abuse by delaying reconnections and renames. After a user signs off and the <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a> becomes available, or a channel ceases to exist because all its users parted (as often happens during a <a href="/wiki/Netsplit" title="Netsplit">netsplit</a>), the server will not allow any user to use that nickname or join that channel, until a certain period of time (the <i>delay</i>) has passed. The idea behind this is that even if a <a href="/wiki/Netsplit" title="Netsplit">netsplit</a> occurs, it is useless to an abuser because they cannot take the nickname or gain operator status on a channel, and thus no collision of a nickname or "merging" of a channel can occur. To some extent, this inconveniences legitimate users, who might be forced to briefly use a different name after rejoining (appending an <a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a> is popular). </p><p>The timestamp protocol is an alternative to nick/channel delays which resolves collisions using timestamped priority. Every nickname and channel on the network is assigned a timestamp – the date and time when it was created. When a netsplit occurs, two users on each side are free to use the same nickname or channel, but when the two sides are joined, only one can survive. In the case of nicknames, the newer user, according to their TS, is killed; when a channel collides, the members (users on the channel) are merged, but the channel operators on the "losing" side of the split lose their channel operator status. </p><p>TS is a much more complicated protocol than ND/CD, both in design and implementation, and despite having gone through several revisions, some implementations still have problems with "desyncs" (where two servers on the same network disagree about the current state of the network), and allowing too much leniency in what was allowed by the "losing" side. Under the original TS protocols, for example, there was no protection against users setting bans or other modes in the losing channel that would then be merged when the split rejoined, even though the users who had set those modes lost their channel operator status. Some modern TS-based IRC servers have also incorporated some form of ND and/or CD in addition to timestamping in an attempt to further curb abuse. </p><p>Most networks today use the timestamping approach. The timestamp versus ND/CD disagreements caused several servers to split away from <a href="/wiki/EFnet" title="EFnet">EFnet</a> and form the newer <a href="/wiki/IRCnet" title="IRCnet">IRCnet</a>. After the split, EFnet moved to a TS protocol, while IRCnet used ND/CD. </p><p>In recent versions of the IRCnet ircd, as well as ircds using the TS6 protocol (including Charybdis), ND has been extended/replaced by a mechanism called SAVE. This mechanism assigns every client a <a href="/wiki/Unique_identifier" title="Unique identifier">UID</a> upon connecting to an IRC server. This ID starts with a number, which is forbidden in nicks (although some ircds, namely IRCnet and InspIRCd, allow clients to switch to their own UID as the nickname). </p><p>If two clients with the same nickname join from different sides of a netsplit ("nick collision"), the first server to see this collision will force <i>both</i> clients to change their nick to their UID, thus saving both clients from being disconnected. On IRCnet, the nickname will also be locked for some time (ND) to prevent both clients from changing back to the original nickname, thus colliding again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clients">Clients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Clients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Client_software">Client software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Client software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients">Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ircnetz-Schema.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ircnetz-Schema.svg/220px-Ircnetz-Schema.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ircnetz-Schema.svg/330px-Ircnetz-Schema.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ircnetz-Schema.svg/440px-Ircnetz-Schema.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Scheme of an IRC network with <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">normal clients</a> (green), <a href="/wiki/IRC_bot" title="IRC bot">bots</a> (blue) and <a href="/wiki/Bouncer_(networking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouncer (networking)">bouncers</a> (orange)</figcaption></figure> <p>Client software exists for various <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> or software packages, as well as web-based or inside games. Many different clients are available for the various operating systems, including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and mobile operating systems (such as <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>). On Windows, <a href="/wiki/MIRC" title="MIRC">mIRC</a> is one of the most popular clients.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> distributions come with an IRC client preinstalled, such as <a href="/wiki/Linux_Mint" title="Linux Mint">Linux Mint</a> which comes with <a href="/wiki/HexChat" title="HexChat">HexChat</a> preinstalled. </p><p>Some programs which are extensible through <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a> also serve as platforms for IRC clients. For instance, a client called <a href="/wiki/ERC_(software)" title="ERC (software)">ERC</a>, written entirely in <a href="/wiki/Emacs_Lisp" title="Emacs Lisp">Emacs Lisp</a>, is included in v.22.3 of Emacs. Therefore, any platform that can run Emacs can run ERC. </p><p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> have built-in IRC clients, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> used to have a client, but no longer supports IRC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChatZilla" title="ChatZilla">ChatZilla</a> add-on for Mozilla <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> (for Firefox 56 and earlier; included as a built-in component of <a href="/wiki/SeaMonkey" title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a>).</li></ul> <p>Web-based clients, such as <a href="/wiki/Mibbit" title="Mibbit">Mibbit</a> and open source KiwiIRC, can run in most browsers. </p><p>Games such as <i><a href="/wiki/War%C2%A7ow" class="mw-redirect" title="War§ow">War§ow</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Unreal_Tournament" title="Unreal Tournament">Unreal Tournament</a></i> (up to <a href="/wiki/Unreal_Tournament_2004" title="Unreal Tournament 2004">Unreal Tournament 2004</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Uplink_(video_game)" title="Uplink (video game)">Uplink</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_Engine" title="Spring Engine">Spring Engine</a></i>-based games, <a href="/wiki/0_A.D._(video_game)" title="0 A.D. (video game)">0 A.D.</a> and <i>ZDaemon</i> have included IRC.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ustream" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustream">Ustream</a>'s chat interface is IRC with custom authentication<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>'s (formerly Justin.tv).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bots">Bots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IRC_bot" title="IRC bot">IRC bot</a></div> <p>A typical use of bots in IRC is to provide <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat services">IRC services</a> or specific functionality within a channel such as to host a chat-based game or provide notifications of external events. However, some IRC bots are used to launch malicious attacks such as denial of service, spamming, or exploitation.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bouncer">Bouncer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bouncer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BNC_(software)" title="BNC (software)">BNC (software)</a></div> <p>A program that runs as a <a href="/wiki/Daemon_(computer_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daemon (computer software)">daemon</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> and functions as a persistent <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxy</a> is known as a BNC or bouncer. The purpose is to maintain a connection to an IRC server, acting as a relay between the server and client, or simply to act as a proxy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Should the client lose network connectivity, the BNC may stay connected and archive all traffic for later delivery, allowing the user to resume their IRC session without disrupting their connection to the server.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, as a way of obtaining a bouncer-like effect, an IRC client (typically <a href="/wiki/Text-based" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-based">text-based</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/Irssi" title="Irssi">Irssi</a>) may be run on an always-on server to which the user connects via <a href="/wiki/Secure_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure shell">ssh</a>. This also allows devices that only have ssh functionality, but no actual IRC client installed themselves, to connect to the IRC, and it allows sharing of IRC sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To keep the IRC client from quitting when the ssh connection closes, the client can be run inside a <a href="/wiki/Terminal_multiplexer" title="Terminal multiplexer">terminal multiplexer</a> such as <a href="/wiki/GNU_Screen" title="GNU Screen">GNU Screen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tmux" title="Tmux">tmux</a>, thus staying connected to the IRC network(s) constantly and able to log conversation in channels that the user is interested in, or to maintain a channel's presence on the network. Modelled after this setup, in 2004 an IRC client following the <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client–server</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Smuxi" title="Smuxi">Smuxi</a>, was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Search_engines">Search engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Search engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are numerous search engines available to aid the user in finding what they are looking for on IRC.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally the search engine consists of two parts, a "back-end" (or "spider/crawler") and a front-end "search engine". </p><p>The back-end (spider/webcrawler) is the work horse of the search engine. It is responsible for crawling IRC servers to index the information being sent across them. The information that is indexed usually consists solely of channel text (text that is publicly displayed in public channels). The storage method is usually some sort of relational database, like <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oracle_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle database">Oracle</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The front-end "search engine" is the user interface to the database. It supplies users with a way to search the database of indexed information to retrieve the data they are looking for. These front-end search engines can also be coded in numerous programming languages. </p><p>Most search engines have their own spider that is a single application responsible for crawling IRC and indexing data itself; however, others are "user based" indexers. The latter rely on users to install their "add-on" to their IRC client; the add-on is what sends the database the channel information of whatever channels the user happens to be on.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many users have implemented their own <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> search engines using the logging features built into many IRC clients. These search engines are usually implemented as bots and dedicated to a particular channel or group of associated channels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_encoding">Character encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Character encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IRC still lacks a single globally accepted standard convention for how to transmit characters outside the 7-bit <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> repertoire. IRC servers normally<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2009)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> transfer messages from a client to another client just as byte sequences, without any interpretation or recoding of <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a>. The IRC protocol (unlike e.g. <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> or <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>) lacks mechanisms for announcing and negotiating character encoding options. This has put the responsibility for choosing the appropriate character codec on the client. In practice, IRC channels have largely used the same character encodings that were also used by operating systems (in particular <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> derivatives) in the respective language communities: </p> <ul><li><b>7-bit era:</b> In the early days of IRC, especially among <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">Scandinavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish language</a> users, national variants of <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a> were the dominant <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encodings</a>. These encode non-ASCII characters like Ä Ö Å ä ö å at code positions 0x5B 0x5C 0x5D 0x7B 0x7C 0x7D (<a href="/wiki/US-ASCII" class="mw-redirect" title="US-ASCII">US-ASCII</a>: <b>[</b> <b>\</b> <b>]</b> <b>{</b> <b>|</b> <b>}</b>). That is why these codes are always allowed in nicknames. According to RFC 1459, { | } in nicknames should be treated as lowercase equivalents of [ \ ] respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1990s, the use of 7-bit encodings had disappeared in favour of <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a>, and such equivalence mappings were dropped from some IRC daemons.</li> <li><b>8-bit era:</b> Since the early 1990s, 8-bit encodings such as <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> have become commonly used for European languages. Russian users had a choice of <a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-5" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-5">ISO 8859-5</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/CP1251" class="mw-redirect" title="CP1251">CP1251</a>, and since about 2000, modern Russian IRC networks convert between these different commonly used encodings of the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a>.</li> <li><b>Multi-byte era:</b> For a long time, East Asian IRC channels with logographic scripts in China, Japan, and Korea have been using multi-byte encodings such as <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC</a> or <a href="/wiki/ISO-2022-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-2022-JP">ISO-2022-JP</a>. With the common migration from ISO 8859 to <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> on Linux and Unix platforms since about 2002, UTF-8 has become an increasingly popular substitute for many of the previously used 8-bit encodings in European channels. Some IRC clients are now capable of reading messages both in ISO 8859-1 or UTF-8 in the same channel, heuristically autodetecting which encoding is used. The shift to UTF-8 began in particular on Finnish-speaking IRC (<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC#Merkistö" class="extiw" title="fi:IRC">Merkistö</a> <small>(Finnish)</small>).</li></ul> <p>Today, the UTF-8 encoding of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_10646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 10646">ISO 10646</a> would be the most likely contender for a single future standard character encoding for all IRC communication, if such standard ever relaxed the 510-byte message size restriction. UTF-8 is ASCII compatible and covers the superset of all other commonly used <a href="/wiki/Coded_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Coded character set">coded character set</a> standards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_sharing">File sharing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: File sharing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much like conventional <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">P2P</a> file sharing, users can create file servers that allow them to share files with each other by using customised <a href="/wiki/IRC_bot" title="IRC bot">IRC bots</a> or scripts for their <a href="/wiki/IRC_client" class="mw-redirect" title="IRC client">IRC client</a>. Often users will group together to distribute <a href="/wiki/Warez" title="Warez">warez</a> via a network of IRC bots.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Technically, IRC provides no <a href="/wiki/File_transfer" title="File transfer">file transfer</a> mechanisms itself; file sharing is implemented by IRC <i>clients</i>, typically using the <a href="/wiki/Direct_Client-to-Client" title="Direct Client-to-Client">Direct Client-to-Client</a> (DCC) protocol, in which file transfers are negotiated through the exchange of private messages between clients. The vast majority of IRC clients feature support for DCC file transfers, hence the view that file sharing is an integral feature of IRC.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commonplace usage of this protocol, however, sometimes also causes DCC spam. DCC commands have also been used to exploit vulnerable clients into performing an action such as disconnecting from the server or exiting the client. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">Chat room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client-to-client_protocol" title="Client-to-client protocol">Client-to-client protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_instant_messaging_protocols" title="Comparison of instant messaging protocols">Comparison of instant messaging protocols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients">Comparison of IRC clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hamnet_Players" title="The Hamnet Players">The Hamnet Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_slang" title="Internet slang">Internet slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IRC_commands" title="List of IRC commands">List of IRC commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serving_channel" title="Serving channel">Serving channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_(protocol)" title="Matrix (protocol)">Matrix (protocol)</a> and <a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a>, alternative chat protocols</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-3.2">"One-to-many"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 11. sec. 3.2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=One-to-many&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-11.-sec.-3.2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-3.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810#section-5.1">"One-To-One Communication"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. p. 5. sec. 5.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2810">RFC 2810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=One-To-One+Communication&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pages=p.-5.-sec.-5.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810%26%23035%3Bsection-5.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRollo" class="citation web cs1">Rollo, Troy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/rfc/dccspec.html">"A Description of the DCC Protocol"</a>. <i>IRCHelp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRCHelp.org&rft.atitle=A+Description+of+the+DCC+Protocol&rft.aulast=Rollo&rft.aufirst=Troy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irchelp.org%2Firchelp%2Frfc%2Fdccspec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2004" class="citation book cs1">Wang, Wallace (25 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stealthisfilesha00wang/page/61">"Instant Messaging and Online Chat Rooms: Internet Relay Chat (IRC)"</a>. <i>Steal this File Sharing Book</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/No_Starch_Press" title="No Starch Press">No Starch Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stealthisfilesha00wang/page/61">61–67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-050-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-050-6"><bdi>978-1-59327-050-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Instant+Messaging+and+Online+Chat+Rooms%3A+Internet+Relay+Chat+%28IRC%29&rft.btitle=Steal+this+File+Sharing+Book&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pages=61-67&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=2004-10-25&rft.isbn=978-1-59327-050-6&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstealthisfilesha00wang%2Fpage%2F61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pingdom-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pingdom_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pingdom_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pingdom_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170815064620/http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/04/24/irc-is-dead-long-live-irc/">"IRC is dead, long live IRC"</a>. <i>Pingdom</i>. 24 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/04/24/irc-is-dead-long-live-irc/">the original</a> on 15 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pingdom&rft.atitle=IRC+is+dead%2C+long+live+IRC&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyal.pingdom.com%2F2012%2F04%2F24%2Firc-is-dead-long-live-irc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irc_networks_top_100-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irc_networks_top_100_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irc.netsplit.de/networks/top100.php">"IRC Networks – Top 100"</a>. <i>irc.netsplit.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irc.netsplit.de&rft.atitle=IRC+Networks+%E2%80%93+Top+100&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firc.netsplit.de%2Fnetworks%2Ftop100.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stenberg-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stenberg_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStenberg" class="citation web cs1">Stenberg, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daniel.haxx.se/irchistory.html">"History of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2016</span>. <q>I did not experience all of this. I found information on various places and I received information from various people in order to write this. People that have helped me with this include: Greg "wumpus" Lindahl, Vesa "vesa" Ruokonen, James Ng, Tuomas Heino, Richard (eagle`s on undernet), Ari Lemmke</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+IRC+%28Internet+Relay+Chat%29&rft.aulast=Stenberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaniel.haxx.se%2Firchistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-founding_irc-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-founding_irc_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_irc_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOikarinen" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jarkko_Oikarinen" title="Jarkko Oikarinen">Oikarinen, Jarkko</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mirc.com/jarkko.html">"Founding IRC"</a>. <i>mIRC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427030207/http://www.mirc.com/jarkko.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mIRC&rft.atitle=Founding+IRC&rft.aulast=Oikarinen&rft.aufirst=Jarkko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirc.com%2Fjarkko.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daniel.haxx.se/irchistory.html">"History of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)"</a>. <i>daniel.haxx.se</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=daniel.haxx.se&rft.atitle=History+of+IRC+%28Internet+Relay+Chat%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaniel.haxx.se%2Firchistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628013626/http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/communications/logs/report-ussr-gorbatchev">"IRC transcripts from the time of the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ibiblio" title="Ibiblio">ibiblio</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/communications/logs/report-ussr-gorbatchev">the original</a> on 28 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+transcripts+from+the+time+of+the+1991+Soviet+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat+attempt&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=ibiblio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpub%2Facademic%2Fcommunications%2Flogs%2Freport-ussr-gorbatchev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/communications/logs/Gulf-War/">"IRC logs of events of the Gulf War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ibiblio" title="Ibiblio">ibiblio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+logs+of+events+of+the+Gulf+War&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=ibiblio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpub%2Facademic%2Fcommunications%2Flogs%2FGulf-War%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/communications/logs/">"Logs of major events in the online community"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ibiblio" title="Ibiblio">ibiblio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Logs+of+major+events+in+the+online+community&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=ibiblio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpub%2Facademic%2Fcommunications%2Flogs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc_1459_1_introduction-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_1_introduction_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_1_introduction_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_1_introduction_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-1">"Introduction"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 4. sec. 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-4.-sec.-1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_2.2_character_codes_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-2.2">"Character codes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 7. sec. 2.2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Character+codes&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-7.-sec.-2.2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-2.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngen2000" class="citation web cs1">Engen, Vegard (May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irc.org/history_docs/TheGreatSplit.html">"The Great Split"</a>. IRC.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Split&rft.pub=IRC.org&rft.date=2000-05&rft.aulast=Engen&rft.aufirst=Vegard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irc.org%2Fhistory_docs%2FTheGreatSplit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrealircd.org/docs/Channel_modes">"Channel Modes"</a>. <i>UnrealIRCd documentation wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UnrealIRCd+documentation+wiki&rft.atitle=Channel+Modes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrealircd.org%2Fdocs%2FChannel_modes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrealircd.org/docs/Cloaking">"Cloaking"</a>. <i>UnrealIRCd documentation wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UnrealIRCd+documentation+wiki&rft.atitle=Cloaking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrealircd.org%2Fdocs%2FCloaking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irc-junkie.org/2006-05-07/blitzed-open-proxy-monitor-shuts-down/">"Blitzed Open Proxy Monitor Shuts Down"</a>. <q>The Open Proxy Monitor which has been provided by the Blitzed IRC network has been shut down…The database was so large that it is near to impossible for the team to backup, or find a new location to continue the service. Added to that, most of the team members do not possess the time anymore to keep the service running.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blitzed+Open+Proxy+Monitor+Shuts+Down&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irc-junkie.org%2F2006-05-07%2Fblitzed-open-proxy-monitor-shuts-down%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ircv3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ircv3_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ircv3.net/">"IRCv3"</a>. IRCv3 Working Group. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2016</span>. <q>The IRCv3 Working Group is a collection of IRC client and server software authors working to enhance, maintain and standardize the IRC protocol using backwards-compatible extensions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRCv3&rft.pub=IRCv3+Working+Group&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fircv3.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ircv3usage-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ircv3usage_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ircv3.net/support/networks.html">"Networks - IRCv3"</a>. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Networks+-+IRCv3&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fircv3.net%2Fsupport%2Fnetworks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-networks-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-networks_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://netsplit.de/networks/index.php.php">"IRC Networks - in alphabetical order"</a>. <i>netsplit.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netsplit.de&rft.atitle=IRC+Networks+-+in+alphabetical+order&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetsplit.de%2Fnetworks%2Findex.php.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-top_100-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-top_100_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://netsplit.de/networks/top100.php.php">"IRC Networks - Top 100"</a>. <i>netsplit.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netsplit.de&rft.atitle=IRC+Networks+-+Top+100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetsplit.de%2Fnetworks%2Ftop100.php.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irc.netsplit.de/networks/top10.php">"netsplit.de top 10"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=netsplit.de+top+10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firc.netsplit.de%2Fnetworks%2Ftop10.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_book_of_irc-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-the_book_of_irc_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-the_book_of_irc_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharalabidis1999" class="citation book cs1">Charalabidis, Alex (15 December 1999). "IRCing On The Macintosh: Ircle". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofirc00char"><i>The Book of IRC: The Ultimate Guide to Internet Relay Chat</i></a></span> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>: No Starch Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofirc00char/page/61">61</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-886411-29-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-886411-29-6"><bdi>978-1-886411-29-6</bdi></a>. <q>On large networks such as the Big Four— EFnet, IRCnet, Undernet, and DALnet— trying to list the thousands of channels with Ircle always causes you to disconnect due to the flood of information, while other clients can usually manage the feat, if you are on a direct Ethernet connection.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IRCing+On+The+Macintosh%3A+Ircle&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+IRC%3A+The+Ultimate+Guide+to+Internet+Relay+Chat&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pages=61&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=1999-12-15&rft.isbn=978-1-886411-29-6&rft.aulast=Charalabidis&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofirc00char&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia_of_new_media-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_of_new_media_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_of_new_media_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Steve, ed. (10 December 2002). "Internet Relay Chat". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne00jone"><i>Encyclopedia of New Media: An Essential Reference to Communication and Technology</i></a></span> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks,_California" title="Thousand Oaks, California">Thousand Oaks, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne00jone/page/257">257</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2382-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2382-4"><bdi>978-0-7619-2382-4</bdi></a>. <q>Today there are hundreds of independent IRC networks, but the "Big Four" are EFNet, UnderNet, Dalnet, and IRCnet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Internet+Relay+Chat&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Media%3A+An+Essential+Reference+to+Communication+and+Technology&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+California&rft.pages=257&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2002-12-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-2382-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofne00jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_imac_book-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-the_imac_book_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-the_imac_book_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRittner1999" class="citation book cs1">Rittner, Don (3 March 1999). <i>The iMac Book</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a>: Coriolis Group. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57610-429-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57610-429-3"><bdi>978-1-57610-429-3</bdi></a>. <q>There are several large networks: EFnet, UnderNET, DALnet, and IRCnet make up the Big Four.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+iMac+Book&rft.place=Scottsdale%2C+Arizona&rft.pages=215&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Coriolis+Group&rft.date=1999-03-03&rft.isbn=978-1-57610-429-3&rft.aulast=Rittner&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-information_technology_for_management-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-information_technology_for_management_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurbanLeidnerMcLeanWetherbe2005" class="citation book cs1">Turban, Efraim; Leidner, Dorothy; McLean, Ephraim; Wetherbe, James (7 February 2005). "Communication". <i>Information Technology for Management: Transforming Organizations in the Digital Economy</i> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. 106–107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-70522-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-70522-2"><bdi>978-0-471-70522-2</bdi></a>. <q>The largest networks have traditionally been grouped as the "Big Four": EFNet, IrcNet, QuakeNet, and UnderNet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Communication&rft.btitle=Information+Technology+for+Management%3A+Transforming+Organizations+in+the+Digital+Economy&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=106-107&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005-02-07&rft.isbn=978-0-471-70522-2&rft.aulast=Turban&rft.aufirst=Efraim&rft.au=Leidner%2C+Dorothy&rft.au=McLean%2C+Ephraim&rft.au=Wetherbe%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-netsplitde-top100-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-netsplitde-top100_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irc.netsplit.de/networks/top100.php">"IRC Networks – Top 100"</a>. <i>irc.netsplit.de</i>. netsplit.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irc.netsplit.de&rft.atitle=IRC+Networks+%E2%80%93+Top+100&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firc.netsplit.de%2Fnetworks%2Ftop100.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-1.1">"Servers"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 4. sec. 1.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Servers&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-4.-sec.-1.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810#section-2.2">"Clients"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. p. 3. sec. 2.2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2810">RFC 2810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clients&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pages=p.-3.-sec.-2.2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810%26%23035%3Bsection-2.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-1.2">"Clients"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 5. sec. 1.2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clients&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-5.-sec.-1.2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-1.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml?&page=5">"Port Numbers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marina_del_Rey,_California" title="Marina del Rey, California">Marina del Rey, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a>. 6 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Port+Numbers&rft.place=Marina+del+Rey%2C+California&rft.pub=Internet+Assigned+Numbers+Authority&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Fservice-names-port-numbers%2Fservice-names-port-numbers.xhtml%3F%26page%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.3.5">"Connect message"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 29. sec. 4.3.5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Connect+message&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-29.-sec.-4.3.5&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-4.3.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucasSinghCantrell2006" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Mark; Singh, Abhishek; Cantrell, Chris (5 October 2006). "Defining a Firewall". In Henmi, Anne (ed.). <i>Firewall Policies and VPN Configurations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rockland,_Massachusetts" title="Rockland, Massachusetts">Rockland, Massachusetts</a>: Syngress Publishing. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59749-088-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59749-088-7"><bdi>978-1-59749-088-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Defining+a+Firewall&rft.btitle=Firewall+Policies+and+VPN+Configurations&rft.place=Rockland%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Syngress+Publishing&rft.date=2006-10-05&rft.isbn=978-1-59749-088-7&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Singh%2C+Abhishek&rft.au=Cantrell%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham1998" class="citation cs1">Abraham, Dalen (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-pfenning-irc-extensions-04"><i>Extensions to the Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRCX)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. I-D draft-pfenning-irc-extensions-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extensions+to+the+Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol+%28IRCX%29&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=1998-06&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.aufirst=Dalen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Fdraft-pfenning-irc-extensions-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810#section-3">"Architecture"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. pp. 3 – 4. sec. 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2810">RFC 2810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Architecture&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pages=pp.-3+-+4.-sec.-3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810%26%23035%3Bsection-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810#section-1">"Introduction"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. p. 2. sec. 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2810">RFC 2810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pages=p.-2.-sec.-1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810%26%23035%3Bsection-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-9.3">"Algorithms"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 64. sec. 9.3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Algorithms&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-64.-sec.-9.3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-9.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810#section-6.3">"Network Congestion"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. pp. 7 – 8. sec. 6.3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2810">RFC 2810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Network+Congestion&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pages=pp.-7+-+8.-sec.-6.3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810%26%23035%3Bsection-6.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810#section-5.2.1">"To A Channel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. pp. 5 – 6. sec. 5.2.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2810">RFC 2810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=To+A+Channel&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pages=pp.-5+-+6.-sec.-5.2.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810%26%23035%3Bsection-5.2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://computerquestionhelp.com/content/how-guide-setup-your-own-irc-server-using-personal-or-dedicated-system-or-server-top-freewar">"IRC daemons for LAN"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+daemons+for+LAN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomputerquestionhelp.com%2Fcontent%2Fhow-guide-setup-your-own-irc-server-using-personal-or-dedicated-system-or-server-top-freewar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irc-wiki.org/IRC_server">"Running an own IRC server"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Running+an+own+IRC+server&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irc-wiki.org%2FIRC_server&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-2.3.1">"Message format in 'pseudo' BNF"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 8. sec. 2.3.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Message+format+in+%27pseudo%27+BNF&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-8.-sec.-2.3.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-2.3.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-2.4">"Numeric replies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 10. sec. 2.4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Numeric+replies&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-10.-sec.-2.4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-2.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.disabled-world.com/communication/irc-chat.php">IRC Chat Rooms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanemcc.co.uk/irc/#listmode">"IRC List Modes – List mode extension showing pair confusion for lists"</a>. 25 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+List+Modes+%E2%80%93+List+mode+extension+showing+pair+confusion+for+lists&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanemcc.co.uk%2Firc%2F%23listmode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc_1459_3.2.2_to_a_group_(channel)-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_3.2.2_to_a_group_(channel)_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_3.2.2_to_a_group_(channel)_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-3.2.2">"To a group (channel)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 11. sec. 3.2.2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=To+a+group+%28channel%29&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-11.-sec.-3.2.2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-3.2.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.6">"List message"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 24. sec. 4.2.6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=List+message&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-24.-sec.-4.2.6&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-4.2.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc_1459_4.2.1_join_message-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_4.2.1_join_message_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_4.2.1_join_message_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.1">"Join message"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 19. sec. 4.2.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Join+message&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-19.-sec.-4.2.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-4.2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811#section-2.2">"Channel Scope"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Channel Management</i></a>. pp. 3 – 4. sec. 2.2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2811">10.17487/RFC2811</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2811">RFC 2811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channel+Scope&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Channel+Management&rft.pages=pp.-3+-+4.-sec.-2.2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2811%26%23035%3Bsection-2.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811#section-2.3">"Channel Properties"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Channel Management</i></a>. p. 4. sec. 2.3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2811">10.17487/RFC2811</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2811">RFC 2811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channel+Properties&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Channel+Management&rft.pages=p.-4.-sec.-2.3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2811%26%23035%3Bsection-2.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811#section-3">"Channel lifetime"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Channel Management</i></a>. p. 5. sec. 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2811">10.17487/RFC2811</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2811">RFC 2811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channel+lifetime&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Channel+Management&rft.pages=p.-5.-sec.-3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2811%26%23035%3Bsection-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811#section-4">"Channel Modes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Channel Management</i></a>. p. 7. sec. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2811">10.17487/RFC2811</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2811">RFC 2811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channel+Modes&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Channel+Management&rft.pages=p.-7.-sec.-4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2811%26%23035%3Bsection-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.3">"Mode message"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 21. sec. 4.2.3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mode+message&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-21.-sec.-4.2.3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-4.2.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-4.2.3.1">"Channel modes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. pp. 21 – 22. sec. 4.2.3.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channel+modes&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=pp.-21+-+22.-sec.-4.2.3.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-4.2.3.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811#section-4.3">"Channel Access Control"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Channel Management</i></a>. pp. 10 – 11. sec. 4.3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2811">10.17487/RFC2811</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2811">RFC 2811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Channel+Access+Control&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Channel+Management&rft.pages=pp.-10+-+11.-sec.-4.3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2811%26%23035%3Bsection-4.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc_1459_p.51_rpl_namreply-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_p.51_rpl_namreply_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_p.51_rpl_namreply_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#page-51">"Command responses: 353 RPL_NAMREPLY"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Command+responses%3A+353+RPL_NAMREPLY&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-51&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bpage-51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoeckx2004" class="citation web cs1">Roeckx, Kurt (14 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irc.org/tech_docs/005.html">"The 005 numeric: ISUPPORT"</a>. irc.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+005+numeric%3A+ISUPPORT&rft.pub=irc.org&rft.date=2004-10-14&rft.aulast=Roeckx&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irc.org%2Ftech_docs%2F005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrocklesby2002" class="citation cs1">Brocklesby, Edward (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-brocklesby-irc-isupport-03"><i>IRC RPL_ISUPPORT Numeric Definition</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. I-D draft-brocklesby-irc-isupport-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IRC+RPL_ISUPPORT+Numeric+Definition&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2002-09&rft.aulast=Brocklesby&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Fdraft-brocklesby-irc-isupport-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/multi-prefix">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'multi-prefix' Extension - IRCv3"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27multi-prefix%27+Extension+-+IRCv3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fircv3.net%2Fspecs%2Fextensions%2Fmulti-prefix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-5.6">"Operwall message"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 41. sec. 5.6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Operwall+message&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-41.-sec.-5.6&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-5.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcher2005" class="citation web cs1">Butcher, Simon (12 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alien.net.au/irc/usermodes.html">"IRC User Modes List"</a>. alien.net.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+User+Modes+List&rft.pub=alien.net.au&rft.date=2005-01-12&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alien.net.au%2Firc%2Fusermodes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcher2005" class="citation web cs1">Butcher, Simon (12 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alien.net.au/irc/chanmodes.html">"IRC Channel Modes List"</a>. alien.net.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+Channel+Modes+List&rft.pub=alien.net.au&rft.date=2005-01-12&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alien.net.au%2Firc%2Fchanmodes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcher2005" class="citation web cs1">Butcher, Simon (12 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alien.net.au/irc/servermodes.html">"IRC Server Modes List"</a>. alien.net.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+Server+Modes+List&rft.pub=alien.net.au&rft.date=2005-01-12&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alien.net.au%2Firc%2Fservermodes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen" class="citation web cs1">Olsen, Tommy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015190740/http://webtoman.com/opera/panel/ircdmodes.html">"IRCd Modes"</a>. webtoman.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webtoman.com/opera/panel/ircdmodes.html">the original</a> on 15 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRCd+Modes&rft.pub=webtoman.com&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Tommy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebtoman.com%2Fopera%2Fpanel%2Fircdmodes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc_1459_1.2.1_operators-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_1.2.1_operators_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc_1459_1.2.1_operators_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459#section-1.2.1">"Operators"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. p. 5. sec. 1.2.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1459">RFC 1459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Operators&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pages=p.-5.-sec.-1.2.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459%26%23035%3Bsection-1.2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thiedeke-2003-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thiedeke-2003_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiedeke2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thiedeke, Udo (23 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aQ74THYRyYsC&q=hostmask&pg=PA315">"Nicola Döring, Alexander Schestag"</a>. <i>Virtuelle Gruppen: Charakteristika und Problemdimensionen</i> (in German) (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Springer_VS" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer VS">Springer VS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_VS" class="extiw" title="de:Springer VS">de</a>]</span>. pp. 314, 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-531-33372-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-531-33372-4"><bdi>978-3-531-33372-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicola+D%C3%B6ring%2C+Alexander+Schestag&rft.btitle=Virtuelle+Gruppen%3A+Charakteristika+und+Problemdimensionen&rft.pages=314%2C+337&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Springer+VS%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bde%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2003-09-23&rft.isbn=978-3-531-33372-4&rft.aulast=Thiedeke&rft.aufirst=Udo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaQ74THYRyYsC%26q%3Dhostmask%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rogers-2005-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rogers-2005_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2004" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Russ (1 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e3ggsGgTzUgC&q=Hostmask+IRC&pg=PA10">"The Mind of Terror"</a>. In Devost, Matthew G. (ed.). <i>Hacking a Terror Network: The Silent Threat of Covert Channels</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Rockland,_Massachusetts" title="Rockland, Massachusetts">Rockland, Massachusetts</a>: Syngress Publishing. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928994-98-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928994-98-5"><bdi>978-1-928994-98-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mind+of+Terror&rft.btitle=Hacking+a+Terror+Network%3A+The+Silent+Threat+of+Covert+Channels&rft.place=Rockland%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=10&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Syngress+Publishing&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-928994-98-5&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De3ggsGgTzUgC%26q%3DHostmask%2BIRC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-petersen-2002-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-petersen-2002_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2002" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Julie K., ed. (29 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b2mMzS0hCkAC&q=Hostmask&pg=PA500">"Internet Relay Chat"</a>. <i>The Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 500. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-1173-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-1173-4"><bdi>978-0-8493-1173-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Internet+Relay+Chat&rft.btitle=The+Telecommunications+Illustrated+Dictionary&rft.pages=500&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2002-05-29&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-1173-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db2mMzS0hCkAC%26q%3DHostmask%26pg%3DPA500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freenode_faq-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-freenode_faq_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082146/http://freenode.net/faq.shtml">"Frequently-Asked Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Freenode" title="Freenode">freenode</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freenode.net/faq.shtml">the original</a> on 26 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently-Asked+Questions&rft.pub=freenode&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreenode.net%2Ffaq.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/IRC/Cloaks">"IRC/Cloaks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meta-wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-wiki">Meta-wiki</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC%2FCloaks&rft.pub=Meta-wiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeta.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIRC%2FCloaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes.html">"Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Schemes"</a>. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifier+%28URI%29+Schemes&rft.pub=Internet+Assigned+Numbers+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Furi-schemes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcher2003" class="citation cs1">Butcher, Simon (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-butcher-irc-url-04"><i>Uniform Resource Locator Schemes for Internet Relay Chat Entities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. I-D draft-butcher-irc-url-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Locator+Schemes+for+Internet+Relay+Chat+Entities&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2003-01&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Fdraft-butcher-irc-url-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-irc">"node-irc"</a>. <i>npm</i>. 26 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=npm&rft.atitle=node-irc&rft.date=2020-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npmjs.com%2Fpackage%2Fnode-irc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324#section-2.5.1">"Size"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324"><i>A Discussion on Computer Network Conferencing</i></a>. pp. 5 – 6. sec. 2.5.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1324">10.17487/RFC1324</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1324">RFC 1324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Size&rft.btitle=A+Discussion+on+Computer+Network+Conferencing&rft.pages=pp.-5+-+6.-sec.-2.5.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1324&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1324%26%23035%3Bsection-2.5.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810#section-6.1">"Scalability"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. p. 7. sec. 6.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_2810">RFC 2810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scalability&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pages=p.-7.-sec.-6.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810%26%23035%3Bsection-6.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoesch2003">Loesch 2003</a> 1.2.1 Growth</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324#section-5.4.1">"User identification"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324"><i>A Discussion on Computer Network Conferencing</i></a>. p. 10. sec. 5.4.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1324">10.17487/RFC1324</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1324">RFC 1324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=User+identification&rft.btitle=A+Discussion+on+Computer+Network+Conferencing&rft.pages=p.-10.-sec.-5.4.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1324&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1324%26%23035%3Bsection-5.4.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324#section-5.4.2">"Trees and cycles"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324"><i>A Discussion on Computer Network Conferencing</i></a>. p. 10. sec. 5.4.2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1324">10.17487/RFC1324</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1324">RFC 1324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trees+and+cycles&rft.btitle=A+Discussion+on+Computer+Network+Conferencing&rft.pages=p.-10.-sec.-5.4.2&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1324&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1324%26%23035%3Bsection-5.4.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoesch2003">Loesch 2003</a> 1.2.2 Network failures</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324#section-2.1">"State Information problems"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324"><i>A Discussion on Computer Network Conferencing</i></a>. p. 4. sec. 2.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1324">10.17487/RFC1324</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1324">RFC 1324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=State+Information+problems&rft.btitle=A+Discussion+on+Computer+Network+Conferencing&rft.pages=p.-4.-sec.-2.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1324&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1324%26%23035%3Bsection-2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoesch2003">Loesch 2003</a> 1.2.3 Sociological and security aspects</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324#section-5.2.1">"Message passing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324"><i>A Discussion on Computer Network Conferencing</i></a>. p. 7. sec. 5.2.1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1324">10.17487/RFC1324</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1324">RFC 1324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Message+passing&rft.btitle=A+Discussion+on+Computer+Network+Conferencing&rft.pages=p.-7.-sec.-5.2.1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1324&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1324%26%23035%3Bsection-5.2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324#section-5.2.4">"Conference security"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324"><i>A Discussion on Computer Network Conferencing</i></a>. p. 8. sec. 5.2.4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1324">10.17487/RFC1324</a></span>. <a href="#IETF_RFC_1324">RFC 1324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conference+security&rft.btitle=A+Discussion+on+Computer+Network+Conferencing&rft.pages=p.-8.-sec.-5.2.4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1324&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1324%26%23035%3Bsection-5.2.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esper.net/help.php">"Getting Help on EsperNet"</a>. The EsperNet IRC Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+Help+on+EsperNet&rft.pub=The+EsperNet+IRC+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesper.net%2Fhelp.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbrandon2010" class="citation web cs1">brandon (18 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dal.net/news/shownews.php?id=67">"New Feature: SSL For Users"</a>. DALnet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Feature%3A+SSL+For+Users&rft.pub=DALnet&rft.date=2010-05-18&rft.au=brandon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dal.net%2Fnews%2Fshownews.php%3Fid%3D67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Roderick W. (8 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OuPtI5fHhBoC">"The Internet: Using IRC to Get Help"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780789722836/page/289"><i>The Multi-Boot Configuration Handbook</i></a>. Handbook Series. <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saddle_River,_New_Jersey" title="Upper Saddle River, New Jersey">Upper Saddle River, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Que_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Que Publishing">Que Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780789722836/page/289">289</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7897-2283-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7897-2283-6"><bdi>978-0-7897-2283-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2010</span>. <q>mIRC is one of the most popular Windows IRC clients.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Internet%3A+Using+IRC+to+Get+Help&rft.btitle=The+Multi-Boot+Configuration+Handbook&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+New+Jersey&rft.series=Handbook+Series&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=Que+Publishing&rft.date=2000-04-08&rft.isbn=978-0-7897-2283-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Roderick+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOuPtI5fHhBoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425010535/http://www.warsow.net/wiki/index.php?title=IRC_Module">"Warsow Wiki: IRC Module"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warsow.net/wiki/index.php?title=IRC_Module">the original</a> on 25 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warsow+Wiki%3A+IRC+Module&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warsow.net%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DIRC_Module&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuenter2004" class="citation web cs1">Guenter, Daniel (21 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcchardware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=35&Itemid=40">"UT2004 Review"</a>. BCCHardware<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UT2004+Review&rft.pub=BCCHardware&rft.date=2004-06-21&rft.aulast=Guenter&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcchardware.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D35%26Itemid%3D40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guide.modlink.net/section11.php">"The Ultimate Uplink Guide"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Uplink+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguide.modlink.net%2Fsection11.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doomwiki.org/wiki/ZDaemon#Other_utilities">"ZDaemon – The Doom Wiki: Other utilities"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ustream-helpers.com/how-to/ircclient">the original</a> on 21 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+setup+%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+an+IRC+client+to+connect+and+login+%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+to+Ustream&rft.pub=Ustream-Helpers&rft.date=2012-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fustream-helpers.com%2Fhow-to%2Fircclient&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauldor2010" class="citation web cs1">Mauldor (20 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liquidsilver.org/2010/06/ustream-v-justin/">"Ustream vs. Justin.tv"</a>. LiquidSilver<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ustream+vs.+Justin.tv&rft.pub=LiquidSilver&rft.date=2010-06-20&rft.au=Mauldor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liquidsilver.org%2F2010%2F06%2Fustream-v-justin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212150600/https://help.twitch.tv/customer/portal/articles/1302780-twitch-irc">"Twitch IRC"</a>. <i>Twitch Help Center</i>. 7 April 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.twitch.tv/customer/portal/articles/1302780-twitch-irc">the original</a> on 12 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitch+Help+Center&rft.atitle=Twitch+IRC&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.twitch.tv%2Fcustomer%2Fportal%2Farticles%2F1302780-twitch-irc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanavan" class="citation web cs1">Canavan, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060315074124/http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/the.evolution.of.malicious.irc.bots.pdf">"The Evolution of Malicious IRC Bots"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcom#Symantec_enterprise_security" title="Broadcom">Symantec</a></i>. Symantec Security Response. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/the.evolution.of.malicious.irc.bots.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Symantec&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+Malicious+IRC+Bots&rft.aulast=Canavan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.symantec.com%2Favcenter%2Freference%2Fthe.evolution.of.malicious.irc.bots.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psybnc.at/readme.txt">"psyBNC Readme"</a>. psybnc.at<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=psyBNC+Readme&rft.pub=psybnc.at&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psybnc.at%2Freadme.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2009" class="citation web cs1">Carey, Chris (18 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chriscarey.com/wordpress/2009/07/18/irc-with-irssi-proxy-screen/">"IRC with irssi-proxy + screen"</a>. chriscarey.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+with+irssi-proxy+%2B+screen&rft.pub=chriscarey.com&rft.date=2009-07-18&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchriscarey.com%2Fwordpress%2F2009%2F07%2F18%2Firc-with-irssi-proxy-screen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smuxi.org/blog/show/Detachable_Frontend_Core_Rewrite__UML__Windows_Port_kicking_Glade">"Detachable Frontend (Core Rewrite) / UML / Windows Port (kicking Glade)"</a>. smuxi.org. 25 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detachable+Frontend+%28Core+Rewrite%29+%2F+UML+%2F+Windows+Port+%28kicking+Glade%29&rft.pub=smuxi.org&rft.date=2004-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smuxi.org%2Fblog%2Fshow%2FDetachable_Frontend_Core_Rewrite__UML__Windows_Port_kicking_Glade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smuxi.org/page/About">"About Smuxi"</a>. smuxi.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Smuxi&rft.pub=smuxi.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smuxi.org%2Fpage%2FAbout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMutton2004" class="citation book cs1">Mutton, Paul (27 July 2004). "Users and Channels". <i>IRC Hacks</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Sebastopol,_California" title="Sebastopol, California">Sebastopol, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>. pp. 44–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-00687-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-00687-7"><bdi>978-0-596-00687-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Users+and+Channels&rft.btitle=IRC+Hacks&rft.place=Sebastopol%2C+California&rft.pages=44-46&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2004-07-27&rft.isbn=978-0-596-00687-7&rft.aulast=Mutton&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2004" class="citation book cs1">Wang, Wallace (25 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stealthisfilesha00wang/page/65">"Instant Messaging and Online Chat Rooms: Internet Relay Chat (IRC)"</a>. <i>Steal this File Sharing Book</i> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/No_Starch_Press" title="No Starch Press">No Starch Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stealthisfilesha00wang/page/65">65–67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-050-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-050-6"><bdi>978-1-59327-050-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Instant+Messaging+and+Online+Chat+Rooms%3A+Internet+Relay+Chat+%28IRC%29&rft.btitle=Steal+this+File+Sharing+Book&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pages=65-67&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=2004-10-25&rft.isbn=978-1-59327-050-6&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstealthisfilesha00wang%2Fpage%2F65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVamosi2002" class="citation news cs1">Vamosi, Robert (8 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/pirated-movies-now-playing-on-a-server-near-you/">"Pirated movies: Now playing on a server near you"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Pirated+movies%3A+Now+playing+on+a+server+near+you&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.aulast=Vamosi&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fpirated-movies-now-playing-on-a-server-near-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSasaki2002" class="citation web cs1">Sasaki, Darla (4 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macobserver.com/tip/2002/04/04.1.shtml">"IRC 101: What Is It & How Do I Use It?"</a>. Macobserver.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+101%3A+What+Is+It+%26+How+Do+I+Use+It%3F&rft.pub=Macobserver.com&rft.date=2002-04-04&rft.aulast=Sasaki&rft.aufirst=Darla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macobserver.com%2Ftip%2F2002%2F04%2F04.1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: General bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IETF_RFC_1324" class="citation cs1">Reed, Darren (May 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324"><i>A Discussion on Computer Network Conferencing</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1324">10.17487/RFC1324</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1324">1324</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Discussion+on+Computer+Network+Conferencing&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=1992-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1324&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IETF_RFC_1459" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jarkko_Oikarinen" title="Jarkko Oikarinen">Oikarinen, Jarkko</a>; Reed, Darren (May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459"><i>Internet Relay Chat Protocol</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1459">10.17487/RFC1459</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1459">1459</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat+Protocol&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1459&rft.aulast=Oikarinen&rft.aufirst=Jarkko&rft.au=Reed%2C+Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IETF_RFC_2810" class="citation cs1">Kalt, Christophe (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Architecture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2810">10.17487/RFC2810</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2810">2810</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Architecture&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2000-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2810&rft.aulast=Kalt&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IETF_RFC_2811" class="citation cs1">Kalt, Christophe (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Channel Management</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2811">10.17487/RFC2811</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2811">2811</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Channel+Management&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2000-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2811&rft.aulast=Kalt&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoesch2003" class="citation web cs1">Loesch, Carl (17 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psyc.eu/synconf">"Functionality Provided by Systems for Synchronous Conferencing"</a>. psyc.eu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Functionality+Provided+by+Systems+for+Synchronous+Conferencing&rft.pub=psyc.eu&rft.date=2003-07-17&rft.aulast=Loesch&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psyc.eu%2Fsynconf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalt2000" class="citation cs1">Kalt, Christophe (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Client Protocol</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2812">10.17487/RFC2812</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2812">2812</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Client+Protocol&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2000-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2812&rft.aulast=Kalt&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalt2000" class="citation cs1">Kalt, Christophe (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2813"><i>Internet Relay Chat: Server Protocol</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2813">10.17487/RFC2813</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2813">2813</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Relay+Chat%3A+Server+Protocol&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2000-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2813&rft.aulast=Kalt&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/communications/logs/">"Logs of major events in the online community"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina" title="Chapel Hill, North Carolina">Chapel Hill, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ibiblio" title="Ibiblio">ibiblio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Logs+of+major+events+in+the+online+community&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=ibiblio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpub%2Facademic%2Fcommunications%2Flogs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButcher" class="citation web cs1">Butcher, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alien.net.au/irc/">"IRC technical information"</a>. alien.net.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IRC+technical+information&rft.pub=alien.net.au&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alien.net.au%2Firc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIRC" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IRC&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P1613" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P1613">IRC channel URL (P1613)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP1613%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P1613%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Internet_Technologies" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Internet Technologies">Internet Technologies</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Internet_Technologies/IRC" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Internet Technologies/IRC">IRC</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:IRC" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:IRC">IRC</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defs.ircdocs.horse/defs/numerics.html">IRC Numerics List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irc.org/history.html">History of IRC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irc.org/">IRC.org</a> – Technical and Historical IRC6 information; Articles on the history of IRC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irchelp.org/">IRChelp.org</a> – Internet Relay Chat (IRC) help archive; Large archive of IRC-related documents</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ircv3.net/">IRCv3</a> – Working group of developers, who add new features to the protocol and write specs for them</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irc-source.com/">IRC-Source</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008234127/https://irc-source.com/">Archived</a> 8 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Internet Relay Chat (IRC) network and channel search engine with historical data</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113165832/http://irc.netsplit.de/">irc.netsplit.de</a> – Internet Relay Chat (IRC) network listing with historical data</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_Relay_Chat_(IRC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IRC_footer" title="Template:IRC footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IRC_footer" title="Template talk:IRC footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IRC_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IRC footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_Relay_Chat_(IRC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a> (IRC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_IRC_clients" title="Comparison of IRC clients">Comparison of clients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BNC_(software)" title="BNC (software)">BNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC_bot" title="IRC bot">Bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">DoS attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC_flood" title="IRC flood">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsplit" title="Netsplit">Netsplit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC_operator" title="IRC operator">Operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC_script" title="IRC script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCd" title="IRCd">IRCd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC_services" title="IRC services">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC_takeover" title="IRC takeover">Takeover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRCX" title="IRCX">IRCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Chat" title="MSN Chat">MSN Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client-to-client_protocol" title="Client-to-client protocol">CTCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Client-to-Client" title="Direct Client-to-Client">DCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCC" title="XDCC">XDCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ident_protocol" title="Ident protocol">Ident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DALnet" title="DALnet">DALnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFnet" title="EFnet">EFnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freenode" title="Freenode">Freenode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameSurge" title="GameSurge">GameSurge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCnet" title="IRCnet">IRCnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libera_Chat" title="Libera Chat">Libera Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_and_Free_Technology_Community" title="Open and Free Technology Community">OFTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuakeNet" title="QuakeNet">QuakeNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizon" title="Rizon">Rizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RusNet" title="RusNet">RusNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlashNET" title="SlashNET">SlashNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoonet" class="mw-redirect" title="Snoonet">Snoonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undernet" title="Undernet">Undernet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eggdrop" title="Eggdrop">Eggdrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infobot" title="Infobot">Infobot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitlBee" title="BitlBee">BitlBee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNC" title="ZNC">ZNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnrealIRCd" title="UnrealIRCd">UnrealIRCd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_commands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Internet Relay Chat commands">List of commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC_subculture" title="IRC subculture">Subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarkko_Oikarinen" title="Jarkko Oikarinen">Jarkko Oikarinen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">macOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colloquy_(software)" title="Colloquy (software)">Colloquy</a></li> <li>Fire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_(software)" title="Homer (software)">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ircle" title="Ircle">Ircle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linkinus" title="Linkinus">Linkinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snak" title="Snak">Snak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microsoft Windows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bersirc" title="Bersirc">Bersirc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIRC" title="MIRC">mIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Comic_Chat" title="Microsoft Comic Chat">Microsoft Comic Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIRCH_(IRC_client)" title="PIRCH (IRC client)">PIRCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_IRC" title="Visual IRC">Visual IRC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unix-like</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IrcII" title="IrcII">ircII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ii_(IRC_client)" title="Ii (IRC client)">Ii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cross-platform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayttm" title="Ayttm">Ayttm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitchX" title="BitchX">BitchX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irssi" title="Irssi">Irssi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konversation" title="Konversation">Konversation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVIrc" title="KVIrc">KVIrc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeafChat" title="LeafChat">LeafChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_(software)" title="Naim (software)">naim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettalk_(IRC_client)" title="Nettalk (IRC client)">Nettalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smuxi" title="Smuxi">Smuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeeChat" title="WeeChat">WeeChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HexChat" title="HexChat">HexChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJIRC" title="PJIRC">PJIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quassel_IRC" title="Quassel IRC">Quassel IRC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-IM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centericq" title="Centericq">Centericq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy_(software)" title="Empathy (software)">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopete" title="Kopete">Kopete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_NG" title="Miranda NG">Miranda NG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_(software)" title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CGI:IRC" title="CGI:IRC">CGI:IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJIRC" title="PJIRC">PJIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mibbit" title="Mibbit">Mibbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web browser components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChatZilla" title="ChatZilla">ChatZilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Library and plug-ins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ERC_(software)" title="ERC (software)">ERC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rcirc" title="Rcirc">rcirc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:IRC" title="Category:IRC">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Uniform_Resource_Identifier_(URI)_schemes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:URI_schemes" title="Template:URI schemes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:URI_schemes" title="Template talk:URI schemes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:URI_schemes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:URI schemes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Uniform_Resource_Identifier_(URI)_schemes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_URI_schemes" title="List of URI schemes">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/About_URI_scheme" title="About URI scheme">about</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acct_URI_scheme" title="Acct URI scheme">acct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_reference_identifier" title="Content reference identifier">crid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_URI_scheme" title="Data URI scheme">data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_URI_scheme" title="File URI scheme">file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">ftp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_URI_scheme" title="Geo URI scheme">geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">gopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Technical_overview" title="HTTP">http</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">https</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Info_URI_scheme" title="Info URI scheme">info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol#URI_scheme" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">ldap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailto" title="Mailto">mailto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">nfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">nntp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIP_URI_scheme" title="SIP URI scheme">sip / sips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_URI_scheme" title="Tag URI scheme">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">urn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View-source_URI_scheme" title="View-source URI scheme">view-source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket#Overview" title="WebSocket">ws / wss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">xmpp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unofficial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyper_Text_Coffee_Pot_Control_Protocol#Commands_and_replies" title="Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol">coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed2k_URI_scheme" title="Ed2k URI scheme">ed2k</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)" title="Gemini (protocol)">gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_URI_scheme" title="Feed URI scheme">feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_(protocol)" title="Finger (protocol)">finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat#URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">irc / irc6 / ircs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol#URI_scheme" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">ldaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">magnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rsync" title="Rsync">rsync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Messenger#URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Messenger">ymsgr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_network_protocols_(OSI_model)" title="List of network protocols (OSI model)">Protocol list</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer-mediated_communication" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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discussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_software" title="Communication software">Communication software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_software" title="Collaborative software">Collaborative software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Social network service">Social network service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_learning_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual learning environment">Virtual learning environment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Asynchronous conferencing">Asynchronous conferencing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mailing list">Electronic mailing list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">Internet forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textboard" title="Textboard">Textboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imageboard" title="Imageboard">Imageboard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">Bulletin board system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guestbook" title="Guestbook">Online guestbook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous conferencing">Synchronous conferencing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_conferencing" title="Data conferencing">Data conferencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_messenger" title="LAN messenger">LAN messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talker" title="Talker">Talker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">Videoconferencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">Voice over IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_chat_in_online_gaming" title="Voice chat in online gaming">Voice chat in online gaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Web chat">Web chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_conferencing" title="Web conferencing">Web conferencing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">Microblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">Wiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRC&oldid=1258730428">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IRC&oldid=1258730428</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IRC" title="Category:IRC">IRC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1988_software" title="Category:1988 software">1988 software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Application_layer_protocols" title="Category:Application layer protocols">Application layer protocols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_1988" title="Category:Internet properties established in 1988">Internet properties established in 1988</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Finnish_inventions" title="Category:Finnish inventions">Finnish inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_terminology" title="Category:Internet terminology">Internet terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_communities" title="Category:Virtual communities">Virtual communities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_developed_in_Finland" title="Category:Software developed in Finland">Software developed in Finland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a 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