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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Bulgarian_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Bulgarian_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Old Bulgarian examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Bulgarian_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_Greek_Uncial_manuscripts_from_which_early_Cyrillic_letter_forms_take_their_shapes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_Greek_Uncial_manuscripts_from_which_early_Cyrillic_letter_forms_take_their_shapes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Medieval Greek Uncial manuscripts from which early Cyrillic letter forms take their shapes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_Greek_Uncial_manuscripts_from_which_early_Cyrillic_letter_forms_take_their_shapes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Cyrillic_manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Cyrillic_manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Early Cyrillic manuscripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Cyrillic_manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Early Cyrillic alphabet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ou_Cyrilliese_alfabet" title="Ou Cyrilliese alfabet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ou Cyrilliese alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="أبجدية سيريلية مبكرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية سيريلية مبكرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Стараславянская кірыліца – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стараславянская кірыліца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Старобългарска азбука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Старобългарска азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_hengirillek" title="Lizherenneg hengirillek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg hengirillek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altkyrillisches_Alphabet" title="Altkyrillisches Alphabet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Altkyrillisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cir%C3%ADlico_arcaico" title="Alfabeto cirílico arcaico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto cirílico arcaico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirilico" title="Kirilico – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kirilico" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0_%ED%82%A4%EB%A6%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="초기 키릴 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초기 키릴 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril_awal" title="Alfabet Kiril awal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Kiril awal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cirillico_arcaico" title="Alfabeto cirillico arcaico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto cirillico arcaico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudcyrillisch_alfabet" title="Oudcyrillisch alfabet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oudcyrillisch alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wczesna_cyrylica" title="Wczesna cyrylica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wczesna cyrylica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_cir%C3%ADlico_arcaico" title="Alfabeto cirílico arcaico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto cirílico arcaico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic_timpuriu" title="Alfabetul chirilic timpuriu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul chirilic timpuriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Старославянская кириллица – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Старославянская кириллица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%A3%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BA%EA%99%91" title="Вътора словѣньска аꙁъбоукꙑ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Вътора словѣньска аꙁъбоукꙑ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Старословенска ћирилица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Старословенска ћирилица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staroslovenska_%C4%87irilica" title="Staroslovenska ćirilica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Staroslovenska ćirilica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Церковнослов'янська кирилична абетка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Церковнослов'янська кирилична абетка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic alphabets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_letters" title="List of Cyrillic letters">List of Cyrillic letters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:lightblue;">Early Cyrillic alphabet<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">Словѣньска азъбоукꙑ</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Cyrillic_alphabet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet.svg/300px-Early_Cyrillic_alphabet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet.svg/450px-Early_Cyrillic_alphabet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet.svg/600px-Early_Cyrillic_alphabet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">From <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 893</span> in <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Varies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a>, old versions of many <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> (with influence from the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a>)<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Early Cyrillic alphabet</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic alphabet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian alphabet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Cyrs</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(221)</span>, Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic variant)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf">U+0400–U+04FF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0500.pdf">U+0500–U+052F</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Supplement</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2DE0.pdf">U+2DE0–U+2DFF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Extended-A</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA640.pdf">U+A640–U+A69F</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Extended-B</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1C80.pdf">U+1C80–U+1C8F</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">Cyrillic Extended-C</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic languages</a> and dialects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Western South Slavic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Standard languages</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Slavonic-Serbian" title="Slavonic-Serbian">Slavonic-Serbian</a>)</div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Serbo-Croatian" title="Dialects of Serbo-Croatian">Dialects</a></b></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Younger_Ikavian_dialect" title="Younger Ikavian dialect">Younger Ikavian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunjevac_dialect" title="Bunjevac dialect">Bunjevac</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Slavonian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavonian dialect">Slavonian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0okac_dialect" title="Šokac dialect">Šokac</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_subdialect" title="Dubrovnik subdialect">Dubrovnik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Herzegovinian_dialect" title="Eastern Herzegovinian dialect">Eastern Herzegovinian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEican_dialect" title="Užican dialect">Užice</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zeta%E2%80%93Ra%C5%A1ka_dialect" title="Zeta–Raška dialect">Zeta–Raška</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo%E2%80%93Resava_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo–Resava dialect (page does not exist)">Kosovo–Resava</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smederevo%E2%80%93Vr%C5%A1ac_dialect" title="Smederevo–Vršac dialect">Smederevo–Vršac</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umadija%E2%80%93Vojvodina_dialect" title="Šumadija–Vojvodina dialect">Šumadija–Vojvodina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prizren%E2%80%93Timok_dialect" title="Prizren–Timok dialect">Prizren–Timok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prizren%E2%80%93South_Morava_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizren–South Morava dialect">Prizren–South Morava</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gorani</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janjevo%E2%80%93Letnica_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janjevo–Letnica dialect (page does not exist)">Janjevo–Letnica</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Svrljig%E2%80%93Zaplanje_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Svrljig–Zaplanje dialect">Svrljig–Zaplanje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timok%E2%80%93Lu%C5%BEnica_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Timok–Lužnica dialect">Timok–Lužnica</a>))</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Chakavian" title="Chakavian">Chakavian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Croatian" title="Burgenland Croatian">Burgenland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Slavomolisano_dialect" title="Slavomolisano dialect">Molise</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Prizren%E2%80%93South_Morava_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizren–South Morava dialect">Prizren–South Morava</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gorani</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janjevo%E2%80%93Letnica_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janjevo–Letnica dialect (page does not exist)">Janjevo–Letnica</a></li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Svrljig%E2%80%93Zaplanje_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Svrljig–Zaplanje dialect">Svrljig–Zaplanje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timok%E2%80%93Lu%C5%BEnica_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Timok–Lužnica dialect">Timok–Lužnica</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Accents</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekavian">Ekavian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ijekavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijekavian">Ijekavian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ikavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikavian">Ikavian</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><i><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_standard_Bosnian,_Croatian,_Montenegrin_and_Serbian" title="Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian">Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian</a></span></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></b></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_dialects" title="Slovene dialects">Dialects</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Prekmurje_Slovene" title="Prekmurje Slovene">Prekmurje Slovene</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Resian_dialect" title="Resian dialect">Resian</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Eastern South Slavic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dialects" title="Bulgarian dialects">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect" title="Banat Bulgarian dialect">Banat</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meshterski" title="Meshterski">Meshterski</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></b></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Macedonian" title="Dialects of Macedonian">Dialects</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonian_dialects" title="Western Macedonian dialects">Western</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Macedonian_dialects" title="Southeastern Macedonian dialects">Southeastern</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Macedonian_dialects" title="Northern Macedonian dialects">Northern</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoken_Macedonian" title="Spoken Macedonian">Spoken Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Macedonian" title="Standard Macedonian">Standard Macedonian</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Transitional dialects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Bulgarian_dialects" title="Transitional Bulgarian dialects">Transitional Bulgarian dialects</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialects" title="Torlakian dialects">Torlakian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gora_dialect" title="Gora dialect">Gorani</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Croatian–Slovenian</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Bulgarian–Macedonian</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_dialects_of_Greece" title="Slavic dialects of Greece">Slavic dialects of Greece</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Alphabets</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Modern</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Gaj's Latin</a><sup>a</sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language#Alphabet" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">Macedonian Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_alphabet" title="Montenegrin alphabet">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_alphabet" title="Slovene alphabet">Slovene</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><b>Historical</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohori%C4%8D_alphabet" title="Bohorič alphabet">Bohoričica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dajnko_alphabet" title="Dajnko alphabet">Dajnčica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metelko_alphabet" title="Metelko alphabet">Metelčica</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Arebica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Early Cyrillic</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>a</sup></span> Includes <a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_language#Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Banat Bulgarian language">Banat Bulgarian alphabet</a>.</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0 0.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Slavic_languages_sidebar" title="Template:South Slavic languages sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Slavic_languages_sidebar" title="Template talk:South Slavic languages sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Slavic_languages_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Slavic languages sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cyrillic letter</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox nomobile" style="width: 14em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">The <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">А</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="A with acute (Cyrillic)">А́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="A with grave (Cyrillic)">А̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="A with circumflex (Cyrillic)">А̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="A with macron (Cyrillic)">А̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="A with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӓ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Б</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">В</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Г</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ghe_with_upturn" title="Ghe with upturn">Ґ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">Д</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje">Ђ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gje" title="Gje">Ѓ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">Е</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye with acute">Е́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_grave" title="Ye with grave">Ѐ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_circumflex" title="Ye with circumflex">Е̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_macron" title="Ye with macron">Е̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yo_(Cyrillic)" title="Yo (Cyrillic)">Ё</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye" title="Ukrainian Ye">Є</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">Ж</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">З</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zje" title="Zje">З́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ѕ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">И</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_(Cyrillic)" title="Dotted I (Cyrillic)">І</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yi_(Cyrillic)" title="Yi (Cyrillic)">Ї</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iota_(Cyrillic)" title="Iota (Cyrillic)">Ꙇ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="I with acute (Cyrillic)">И́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="I with grave (Cyrillic)">Ѝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="I with circumflex (Cyrillic)">И̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="I with macron (Cyrillic)">Ӣ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Short_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Short I">Й</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="I with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Je_(Cyrillic)" title="Je (Cyrillic)">Ј</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">К</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lje" title="Lje">Љ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">М</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Nje" title="Nje">Њ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">О</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="O with acute (Cyrillic)">О́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="O with grave (Cyrillic)">О̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="O with circumflex (Cyrillic)">О̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="O with macron (Cyrillic)">Ō</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="O with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӧ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">П</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">С</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sje" title="Sje">С́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Т</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tshe" title="Tshe">Ћ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kje" title="Kje">Ќ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_(Cyrillic)" title="U (Cyrillic)">У</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="U with acute (Cyrillic)">У́</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_grave_(Cyrillic)" title="U with grave (Cyrillic)">У̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)" title="U with circumflex (Cyrillic)">У̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="U with macron (Cyrillic)">Ӯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Short_U_(Cyrillic)" title="Short U (Cyrillic)">Ў</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="U with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӱ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">Ф</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">Ц</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">Ч</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzhe" title="Dzhe">Џ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">Ш</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shcha" title="Shcha">Щ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_Yer" title="Neutral Yer"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙏ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign">Ъ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hard_sign_with_grave" title="Hard sign with grave">Ъ̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ы</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yery with acute">Ы́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Ь</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">Ѣ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_(Cyrillic)" title="E (Cyrillic)">Э</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="E with acute (Cyrillic)">Э́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)">Ю</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu with acute">Ю́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_grave" title="Yu with grave">Ю̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(Cyrillic)" title="Ya (Cyrillic)">Я</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya with acute">Я́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_grave" title="Ya with grave">Я̀</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">Non-Slavic letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="A with breve (Cyrillic)">Ӑ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_ring_above_(Cyrillic)" title="A with ring above (Cyrillic)">А̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="A with tilde (Cyrillic)">А̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="A with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic)">Ӓ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%D3%94_(Cyrillic)" title="Ӕ (Cyrillic)">Ӕ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_(Cyrillic)" title="Schwa (Cyrillic)">Ә</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_acute" title="Schwa with acute">Ә́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_tilde" title="Schwa with tilde">Ә̃</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Schwa_with_diaeresis" title="Schwa with diaeresis">Ӛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ve_with_caron" title="Ve with caron">В̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/We_(Cyrillic)" title="We (Cyrillic)">Ԝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_inverted_breve" title="Ge with inverted breve">Г̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with dot above (page does not exist)">Г̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_dot_below" title="Ge with dot below">Г̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_caron" title="Ge with caron">Г̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with circumflex (page does not exist)">Г̂</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_breve" title="Ge with breve">Г̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_diaeresis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with diaeresis">Г̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with ring above (page does not exist)">г̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_middle_hook" title="Ge with middle hook">Ҕ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke" title="Ge with stroke">Ғ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_descender" title="Ge with stroke and descender"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ghe_with_stroke_and_descender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge with stroke and hook">Ӻ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_stroke_and_caron" title="Ge with stroke and caron">Ғ̌</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_stroke_and_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with stroke and ring above (page does not exist)">ғ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_descender" title="Ge with descender">Ӷ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_hook" title="Ge with hook">Г̡</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with acute (page does not exist)">Д́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_caron" title="De with caron">Д̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Д̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with dot below (page does not exist)">Д̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_breve" title="De with breve">Д̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_breve" title="Ye with breve">Ӗ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ye_with_tilde" title="Ye with tilde">Е̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yo_with_macron" title="Yo with macron">Ё̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ye_with_diaeresis" title="Ukrainian Ye with diaeresis">Є̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Ze" title="Reversed Ze">Ԑ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Ze_with_diaeresis" title="Reversed Ze with diaeresis">Ԑ̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhje" title="Zhje">Җ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_diaeresis" title="Zhe with diaeresis">Ӝ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_breve" title="Zhe with breve">Ӂ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with dot below (page does not exist)">Ж̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Dhe (Cyrillic)">Ҙ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_with_diaeresis" title="Ze with diaeresis">Ӟ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_with_caron" title="Ze with caron">З̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with dot below (page does not exist)">З̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with breve (page does not exist)">З̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Dze" title="Abkhazian Dze">Ӡ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/I_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="I with tilde (Cyrillic)">И̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Short_I_with_tail" title="Short I with tail">Ҋ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_descender" title="Ka with descender">Қ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_hook" title="Ka with hook">Ӄ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Qa" title="Bashkir Qa">Ҡ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_stroke" title="Ka with stroke">Ҟ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_vertical_stroke" title="Ka with vertical stroke">Ҝ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with dot below (page does not exist)">К̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with ring above (page does not exist)">к̊</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qaf_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qaf with ring above (page does not exist)">қ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Qa_(Cyrillic)" title="Qa (Cyrillic)">Ԛ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%E1%B4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ᴫ">ᴫ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with acute (page does not exist)">Л́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_tail" title="El with tail">Ӆ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_descender" title="El with descender">Ԯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_hook" title="El with hook">Ԓ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Л̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Em_with_tail" title="Em with tail">Ӎ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Superscript_En" title="Superscript En">ᵸ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with acute (page does not exist)">Н́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_tail" title="En with tail">Ӊ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_descender" title="En with descender">Ң</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_left_hook" title="En with left hook">Ԩ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_hook" title="En with hook">Ӈ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/En-ge" title="En-ge">Ҥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="O with breve (Cyrillic)">О̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="O with tilde (Cyrillic)">О̃</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Ӧ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_(Cyrillic)" title="Oe (Cyrillic)">Ө</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_macron" title="Oe with macron">Ө̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oe_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oe with acute (page does not exist)">Ө́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_breve" title="Oe with breve">Ө̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Oe_with_diaeresis" title="Oe with diaeresis">Ӫ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_with_descender" title="Pe with descender">Ԥ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with diaeresis (page does not exist)">П̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_caron" title="Er with caron">Р̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Er_with_tick" title="Er with tick">Ҏ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with caron (page does not exist)">С̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/The_(Cyrillic)" title="The (Cyrillic)">Ҫ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_dot_below_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with dot below (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">С̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with macron below (page does not exist)">С̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with acute (page does not exist)">Т́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Т̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_caron" title="Te with caron">Т̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with dot above (page does not exist)">Т̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with dot below (page does not exist)">Т̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_descender" title="Te with descender">Ҭ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tje" title="Tje">Ᲊ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)" title="U with tilde (Cyrillic)">У̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_double_acute_(Cyrillic)" title="U with double acute (Cyrillic)">Ӳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_with_ring_above_(Cyrillic)" title="U with ring above (Cyrillic)">У̊</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_diaeresis_and_macron_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with diaeresis and macron (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Ӱ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Short_U" title="Kazakh Short U">Ұ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ue_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue (Cyrillic)">Ү</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ue_with_acute_(Cyrillic)" title="Ue with acute (Cyrillic)">Ү́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with dot below (page does not exist)">Х̣</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with macron below (page does not exist)">Х̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_inverted_breve_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with inverted breve below (page does not exist)">Х̮</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_inverted_breve" title="Kha with inverted breve">Х̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_caron" class="mw-redirect" title="Kha with caron">Х̌</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_descender" title="Kha with descender">Ҳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_hook" title="Kha with hook">Ӽ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with ring above (page does not exist)">х̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_stroke" title="Kha with stroke">Ӿ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_stroke_and_ring_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with stroke and ring above (page does not exist)">ӿ̊</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shha" title="Shha">Һ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shha_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shha with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Һ̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_descender" title="Shha with descender">Ԧ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with caron (page does not exist)">Ц̌</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with diaeresis (page does not exist)">Ц̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Te Tse (Cyrillic)">Ҵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_descender" title="Che with descender">Ҷ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_descender_and_dot_below" title="Che with descender and dot below">Ҷ̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_diaeresis" title="Che with diaeresis">Ӵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Khakassian_Che" title="Khakassian Che">Ӌ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Che_with_hook" title="Che with hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_with_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_vertical_stroke" title="Che with vertical stroke">Ҹ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with dot above (page does not exist)">Ч̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Che_with_dot_below" title="Che with dot below">Ч̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Che" title="Abkhazian Che">Ҽ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Che_with_descender" title="Abkhazian Che with descender">Ҿ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with dot below (page does not exist)">Ш̣</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Unicode_superscripts_and_subscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode superscripts and subscripts">ꚜ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_breve" title="Yery with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ы̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_macron" title="Yery with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ы̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_diaeresis" title="Yery with diaeresis">Ӹ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Unicode_superscripts_and_subscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode superscripts and subscripts">ꚝ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Semisoft_sign" title="Semisoft sign">Ҍ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/O-hook" title="O-hook">Ҩ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_breve_(Cyrillic)" title="E with breve (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Э̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_macron_(Cyrillic)" title="E with macron (Cyrillic)">Э̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_dot_above_(Cyrillic)" title="E with dot above (Cyrillic)">Э̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_diaeresis_(Cyrillic)" title="E with diaeresis (Cyrillic)">Ӭ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_diaeresis_and_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with diaeresis and acute (page does not exist)">Ӭ́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_with_diaeresis_and_macron" class="mw-redirect" title="E with diaeresis and macron">Ӭ̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_breve" title="Yu with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̆</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_diaeresis" title="Yu with diaeresis"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̈</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_with_macron" title="Yu with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ю̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_breve" title="Ya with breve"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̆</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_macron" title="Ya with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_diaeresis" title="Ya with diaeresis"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̈</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Palochka" title="Palochka">Ӏ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter apostrophe">ʼ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Modifier_letter_double_apostrophe" title="Modifier letter double apostrophe">ˮ</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archaic</a> or unused letters</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Script_A" title="Script A"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="203" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)" title="A with ogonek (Cyrillic)">А̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be with grave (page does not exist)">Б̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Be_with_dot_below" title="Be with dot below">Б̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be_with_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Be with macron (page does not exist)">Б̱</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ve_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ve with grave (page does not exist)">В̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with grave (page does not exist)">Г̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_cedilla" title="Ge with cedilla"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Г̧</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Ge_with_macron" title="Ge with macron"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Г̄</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with comma (page does not exist)">Г̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_middle_hook_and_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with middle hook and grave (page does not exist)">Ҕ̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge_with_middle_hook_and_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge with middle hook and breve (page does not exist)">Ҕ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge_split_by_middle_ring" title="Ge split by middle ring"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_split_by_middle_ring_Ghe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_De" title="Komi De">Ԁ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with comma (page does not exist)">Д̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De with grave (page does not exist)">Д̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/De_with_ogonek" class="mw-redirect" title="De with ogonek">Д̨</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dje" title="Dje"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_archaic_Dje.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Dje" title="Komi Dje">Ԃ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Dwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚁ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_De" title="Soft De"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙣ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye with dot above (page does not exist)">Е̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye with ogonek (page does not exist)">Е̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with grave (page does not exist)">Ж̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhe_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhe with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ж̑</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zhe_with_stroke" title="Zhe with stroke"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Zhe_with_long_middle_leg_and_stroke_through_descender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Je_with_belt" title="Je with belt"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙃ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ꙅ</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Dje with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Dje_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzhe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzhe with breve (page does not exist)">Џ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Zhwe" title="Zhwe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚅ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhwe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhwe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚅ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙁ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with grave (page does not exist)">З̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze with inverted breve (page does not exist)">З̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Zje" title="Komi Zje">Ԅ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Dzje" title="Komi Dzje">Ԇ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzze" title="Dzze"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚉ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dzzhe" title="Dzzhe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԫ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Dzwe" title="Dzwe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚃ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Hwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚕ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_Cil_top" title="Shha with Cil top"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_Cil_top.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Shha with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with circumflex (page does not exist)">І̂</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_dot_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with dot below (page does not exist)">І̣</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dotted_I_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dotted I with ogonek (page does not exist)">І̨</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_I_with_curve_at_bottom" title="Dotted I with curve at bottom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Dha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Je_with_stroke_(Cyrillic)" title="Je with stroke (Cyrillic)">Ј̵</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Je_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Je with tilde (page does not exist)">Ј̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Djerv" title="Djerv"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙉ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with comma (page does not exist)">К̓</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_grave" title="Ka with grave">К̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with breve (page does not exist)">К̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_hook_and_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with hook and breve (page does not exist)">Ӄ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with inverted breve (page does not exist)">К̑</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with dot above (page does not exist)">К̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka_with_diaeresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ka with diaeresis (page does not exist)">К̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_macron" title="Ka with macron">К̄</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Aleut_Ka" title="Aleut Ka"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԟ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_circumflex" title="Ka with circumflex">К̂</a></td><td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_loop" title="Ka with loop"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Ka_with_loop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ka_with_ascender" title="Ka with ascender"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_ka_with_ascender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with grave (page does not exist)">Л̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/El_with_middle_hook" title="El with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԡ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_El" title="Soft El"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙥ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Lje" title="Komi Lje">Ԉ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Л̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El with dot above (page does not exist)">Л̇</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Lha_(Cyrillic)" title="Lha (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԕ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_with_retroflex_hook" title="El with retroflex hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Er" title="El Er"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_El_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Te_El_with_retroflex_hook" title="Te El with retroflex hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_with_retroflex_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Em_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Em with grave (page does not exist)">М̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Em_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Em with tilde (page does not exist)">М̃</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Soft_Em" title="Soft Em"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙧ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with grave (page does not exist)">Н̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_macron" title="En with macron">Н̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with cedilla (page does not exist)">Н̧</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_tilde_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with tilde (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Н̃</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Nje" title="Komi Nje">Ԋ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/En_with_middle_hook" title="En with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԣ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_with_palatal_hook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En with palatal hook (page does not exist)">Н̡</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Broad_On" title="Broad On">Ѻ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Monocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙩ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Binocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙫ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Double_monocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙭ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Multiocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">ꙮ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Double_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants">Ꚙ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_o_variants#Crossed_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic o variants"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚛ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_open_top" title="O with open top"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/18px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg/24px-Cyrillic_small_letter_O_with_notch_at_top.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_open_bottom" title="O with open bottom"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_open_at_bottom_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/O_with_left_notch" title="O with left notch"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_O_with_left_notch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with comma (page does not exist)">П̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with grave (page does not exist)">П̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with acute (page does not exist)">П́</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Pe_with_middle_hook" title="Pe with middle hook">Ҧ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with cedilla (page does not exist)">П̧</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pe with inverted breve (page does not exist)">П̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">Ҁ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qa_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qa with breve (page does not exist)">Ԛ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shha_with_hook" title="Shha with hook"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/7px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/11px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Shha_with_hook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="161" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with acute (page does not exist)">Р́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with grave (page does not exist)">Р̀</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Er_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Er with tilde (page does not exist)">Р̃</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Split_at_right_Er" title="Split at right Er"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/6px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/9px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_split_at_right_Er.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Rha_(Cyrillic)" title="Rha (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԗ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es with grave (page does not exist)">С̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Es_with_diaeresis" title="Es with diaeresis">С̈</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Sje" title="Komi Sje">Ԍ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The with comma (page does not exist)">Ҫ̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Long_Es" title="Long Es"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_long_Es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with comma (page does not exist)">Т̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with grave (page does not exist)">Т̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Komi_Tje" title="Komi Tje">Ԏ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Т̑</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_with_middle_hook" title="Te with middle hook"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚋ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te with cedilla (page does not exist)">Т̧</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Twe" title="Twe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚍ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚍ̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Te_El" title="Te El"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_El" title="Voiceless El"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Te_El_Soft-sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_El_with_comma" title="Voiceless El with comma"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/13px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/20px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg/26px-Cyrillic_small_letter_voiceless_L_with_comma_above.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)">Ѹ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙋ</span></a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Script_U" title="Script U"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/11px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/17px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg/22px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_script_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_dot_above_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with dot above (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">У̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U with ogonek (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">У̨</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uk_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uk with acute (page does not exist)">ꙋ́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ef_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ef with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ф̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ef_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ef with comma (page does not exist)">Ф̓</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with acute (page does not exist)">Х́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with grave (page does not exist)">Х̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with breve (page does not exist)">Х̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_dot_above&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with dot above (page does not exist)">Х̇</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_cedilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with cedilla (page does not exist)">Х̧</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Kha_with_vertical_tilde" title="Kha with vertical tilde">Х̾</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kha_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kha with comma (page does not exist)">Х̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Ha" title="Bashkir Ha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/6px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/9px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_bashkir_Ha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shha_with_macron_below&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shha with macron below (page does not exist)">һ̱</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѡ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙍ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѽ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ot_(Cyrillic)" title="Ot (Cyrillic)">Ѿ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Tse" title="Reversed Tse"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙡ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with grave (page does not exist)">Ц̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with acute (page does not exist)">Ц́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tse_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tse with comma (page does not exist)">Ц̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tse_with_long_left_leg" title="Tse with long left leg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/10px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg/20px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tswe" title="Tswe"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚏ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tswe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tswe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚏ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cil_(Cyrillic)" title="Cil (Cyrillic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cil_with_bar" title="Cil with bar"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/8px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/12px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Cil_with_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tsse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tsse (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚑ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_acute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with acute (page does not exist)">Ч́</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with grave (page does not exist)">Ч̀</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with breve (page does not exist)">Ч̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ч̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_with_comma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che with comma (page does not exist)">Ч̓</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Char_(Cyrillic)" title="Char (Cyrillic)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/10px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/15px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg/20px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Char.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Char_with_high_right_breve_serif" title="Char with high right breve serif"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/8px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/12px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg/16px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Char_with_high_right_breve_serif.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="258" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dche" title="Dche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԭ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tche" title="Tche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚓ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Cche" class="mw-redirect" title="Cche"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚇ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cche_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cche with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚇ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkhazian_Che_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abkhazian Che with breve (page does not exist)">Ҽ̆</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with grave (page does not exist)">Ш̀</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sha_with_breve" title="Sha with breve">Ш̆</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sha_with_inverted_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sha with inverted breve (page does not exist)">Ш̑</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shcha_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shcha with breve (page does not exist)">Щ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shwe_(Cyrillic)" title="Shwe (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꚗ</span></a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shwe_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shwe with breve (page does not exist)">Ꚗ̆</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Che_Sha" title="Che Sha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/18px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/27px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg/36px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_Che_Sha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with macron (page does not exist)">Ъ̄</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_diaresis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with diaresis (page does not exist)">Ъ̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_sign_with_diaresis_and_macron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard sign with diaresis and macron (page does not exist)">Ъ̈̄</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ꙑ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yery_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yery with circumflex (page does not exist)">Ы̂</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yery_with_tilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yery with tilde (page does not exist)">Ы̃</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yery_with_connecting_stroke" title="Yery with connecting stroke"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/11px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/17px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg/22px-Cyrillic_small_letter_Yeru_with_connecting_stroke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat_with_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Yat with acute">Ѣ́</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat_with_diaeresis" title="Yat with diaeresis">Ѣ̈</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yat_with_breve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yat with breve (page does not exist)">Ѣ̆</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙓ</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_ogonek_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with ogonek (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Э̨</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=E_with_circumflex_(Cyrillic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E with circumflex (Cyrillic) (page does not exist)">Э̂</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Reversed_Yu" class="mw-redirect" title="Reversed Yu">Ꙕ</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_wth_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yu wth circumflex (page does not exist)">Ю̂</a></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_uk" title="Iotated uk"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/16px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/24px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg/32px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iotated_uk_with_breve" title="Iotated uk with breve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/14px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/21px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg/28px-Cyrillic_capital_letter_iotified_monograph_uk_with_breve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A" title="Iotated A">Ꙗ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_with_diaeresis" title="Ya with diaeresis"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Я̈</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya_with_circumflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya with circumflex (page does not exist)">Я̂</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya_with_ogonek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya with ogonek (page does not exist)">Я̨</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yae_(Cyrillic)" title="Yae (Cyrillic)"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ԙ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_E" title="Iotated E">Ѥ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѧ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙙ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѫ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ꙛ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѩ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙝ</span></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yus" title="Yus">Ѭ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic)" title="Ksi (Cyrillic)">Ѯ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">Ѱ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">Ѳ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѵ</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѷ</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Yn" title="Yn"><span style="font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', Junicode, Quivira, sans-serif;">Ꙟ</span></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below plainlist" style="background:#efefef;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_letters" title="List of Cyrillic letters">List of Cyrillic letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cyrillic_multigraphs" title="List of Cyrillic multigraphs">List of Cyrillic multigraphs</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Template talk:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_Cyrillic_letter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox Cyrillic letter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Early Cyrillic alphabet</b>, also called <b>classical Cyrillic</b> or <b>paleo-Cyrillic</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> that was developed in Medieval Bulgaria in the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> during the late 9th century. It is used to write the <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> language, and was historically used for its ancestor, <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>. It was also used for other languages, but between the 18th and 20th centuries was mostly replaced by the modern <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a>, which is used for some <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>), and for <a href="/wiki/East_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="East Europe">East European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> languages that have experienced a great amount of Russian cultural influence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest form of <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> Cyrillic, known as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ustav_(script)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ustav (script) (page does not exist)">ustav</a></i>, was based on <a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Greek uncial script</a>, augmented by <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a> and by letters from the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">Glagolitic alphabet</a> for consonants not found in Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic alphabet</a> was created by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saint Cyril</a>, possibly with the aid of his brother <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saint Methodius</a>, around 863.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars agree that Cyrillic, on the other hand, was created by Cyril's students at the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books, based on <a href="/wiki/Uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncial">uncial</a> Greek but retaining some Glagolitic letters for sounds not present in Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-Cub_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cub-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FCurta_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCurta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> was the most important early literary and cultural center of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> and of all <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FCurta_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCurta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p><i>Unlike the Churchmen in Ohrid, Preslav scholars were much more dependent upon Greek models and quickly abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic scripts</a> in favor of an adaptation of the Greek uncial to the needs of Slavic, which is now known as the Cyrillic alphabet.</i></p></blockquote><p>The earliest Cyrillic texts are found in northeastern Bulgaria, in the vicinity of Preslav—the Krepcha inscription, dating back to 921,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a ceramic vase from Preslav, dating back to 931.<sup id="cite_ref-FCurta_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCurta-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, unlike the other literary centre in the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Literary_School" title="Ohrid Literary School">Ohrid Literary School</a>, which continued to use Glagolitic well into the 12th century, the School at Preslav was using Cyrillic in the early 900s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The systematization of Cyrillic may have been undertaken at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Preslav" title="Council of Preslav">Council of Preslav</a> in 893, when the Old Church Slavonic liturgy was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American scholar <a href="/wiki/Horace_Lunt" title="Horace Lunt">Horace Lunt</a> has alternatively suggested that Cyrillics emerged in the border regions of Greek proselytization to the Slavs before it was codified and adapted by some systematizer among the Slavs. The oldest Cyrillic manuscripts look very similar to 9th and 10th century Greek uncial manuscripts,<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the majority of uncial Cyrillic letters were identical to their Greek uncial counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cyrillic alphabet was very well suited for the writing of Old Church Slavic, generally following a principle of "one letter for one significant sound", with some arbitrary or phonotactically-based exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly, this principle is violated by certain vowel letters, which represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j]</span> plus the vowel if they are not preceded by a consonant.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also violated by a significant failure to distinguish between /ji/ and /jĭ/ orthographically.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no distinction of capital and lowercase letters, though manuscript letters were rendered larger for emphasis, or in various decorative initial and nameplate forms.<sup id="cite_ref-Cub_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cub-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Letters served as <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals" title="Cyrillic numerals">numerals</a> as well as phonetic signs; the values of the numerals were directly borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">their Greek-letter analogues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Letters without Greek equivalents mostly had no numeral values, whereas one letter, <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">koppa</a>, had only a numeric value with no phonetic value.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its creation, the Cyrillic script has adapted to changes in spoken language and developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages. It has been the subject of academic reforms and political decrees. Variations of the Cyrillic script are used to write languages throughout <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. </p><p>The form of the Russian alphabet underwent a change when Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">civil script</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">гражданский шрифт</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">graždanskiy šrift</i></span>, or <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">гражданка</span></span>, <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">graždanka</i></span>), in contrast to the prevailing church typeface, (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">церковнославя́нский шрифт</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">cerkovnoslavjanskiy šrift</i></span>) in 1708. (The two forms are sometimes distinguished as <i>paleo-Cyrillic</i> and <i>neo-Cyrillic</i>.) Some letters and breathing marks which were used only for historical reasons were dropped. Medieval letterforms used in typesetting were harmonized with Latin typesetting practices, exchanging medieval forms for Baroque ones, and skipping the western European Renaissance developments. The reform subsequently influenced <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> orthographies for most other languages. Today, the early orthography and typesetting standards remain in use only in <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a>. </p><p>A comprehensive repertoire of early Cyrillic characters has been included in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard since version 5.1, published April 4, 2008. These characters and their distinctive letterforms are represented in specialized computer fonts for <a href="/wiki/Slavistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavistics">Slavistics</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Krepchanski_manastir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the cave monastery near the village of Krepcha, Opaka Municipality in Bulgaria. Here is the oldest Cyrillic inscription dated of 921.[10]"><img alt="View of the cave monastery near the village of Krepcha, Opaka Municipality in Bulgaria. Here is the oldest Cyrillic inscription dated of 921.[10]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Krepchanski_manastir.jpg/250px-Krepchanski_manastir.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Krepchanski_manastir.jpg/375px-Krepchanski_manastir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Krepchanski_manastir.jpg/500px-Krepchanski_manastir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1977" data-file-height="1309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the cave monastery near the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krepcha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krepcha (page does not exist)">Krepcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opaka_Municipality" title="Opaka Municipality">Opaka Municipality</a> in Bulgaria. Here is the oldest Cyrillic inscription dated of 921.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birch_bark_alphabet_of_Novgorod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cyrillic alphabet on birch bark document № 591 from ancient Novgorod (Russia). Dated to 1025–1050 AD."><img alt="The Cyrillic alphabet on birch bark document № 591 from ancient Novgorod (Russia). Dated to 1025–1050 AD." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Birch_bark_alphabet_of_Novgorod.jpg/202px-Birch_bark_alphabet_of_Novgorod.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Birch_bark_alphabet_of_Novgorod.jpg/303px-Birch_bark_alphabet_of_Novgorod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Birch_bark_alphabet_of_Novgorod.jpg/405px-Birch_bark_alphabet_of_Novgorod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="2902" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Cyrillic alphabet on <a href="/wiki/Birch_bark_manuscript" title="Birch bark manuscript">birch bark document</a> № 591 from ancient <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>). Dated to 1025–1050 AD.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bb199.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="A more complete early Cyrillic abecedary (on the top half of the left side), this one written by the boy Onfim between 1240 and 1260 AD (birch bark document № 199).[11]"><img alt="A more complete early Cyrillic abecedary (on the top half of the left side), this one written by the boy Onfim between 1240 and 1260 AD (birch bark document № 199).[11]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bb199.gif/250px-Bb199.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bb199.gif/375px-Bb199.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bb199.gif/500px-Bb199.gif 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A more complete early Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Abecedary" class="mw-redirect" title="Abecedary">abecedary</a> (on the top half of the left side), this one written by the boy <a href="/wiki/Onfim" title="Onfim">Onfim</a> between 1240 and 1260 AD (birch bark document № 199).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable Unicode sortable"> <tbody><tr valign="bottom"> <th>Image </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th>Name<br />(<a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>) </th> <th>Name<br />(<a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">translit.</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Translit.</a> international system<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Translit. ALA-LC<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>IPA </th> <th>Numeric value </th> <th>Origin </th> <th>Meaning of name </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Azu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A_(Cyrillic)" title="A (Cyrillic)">А а</a> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1113239643">.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT","Vilnius",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Glag{font-family:Shafarik,"Menaion Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode",Vikidemia,Bukyvede,FreeSerif,Ja,Unicode5,"TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Noto Sans Glagolitic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}</style><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">азъ</span> </td> <td>azŏ </td> <td>a </td> <td>a </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑː]</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">alpha</a> Α </td> <td>me (spiritually) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.svg/40px-Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.svg/60px-Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.svg/80px-Early_Cyrillic_letter_Buky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Be_(Cyrillic)" title="Be (Cyrillic)">Б б</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">боукꙑ</span> </td> <td>buky </td> <td>b </td> <td>b </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[b]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Beta" title="Beta">beta</a> in Thera form <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Beta_10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Greek_Beta_10.svg/13px-Greek_Beta_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Greek_Beta_10.svg/19px-Greek_Beta_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Greek_Beta_10.svg/26px-Greek_Beta_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> </td> <td>letters </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Vedi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ve_(Cyrillic)" title="Ve (Cyrillic)">В в</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">вѣдѣ</span> </td> <td>vědě </td> <td>v </td> <td>v </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Beta" title="Beta">Beta</a> Β </td> <td>know </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Glagol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Г г</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">глаголи</span> </td> <td>glagoli </td> <td>g </td> <td>g </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">Gamma</a> Γ </td> <td>talk </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark, this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɟ]</span>; this occurs only rarely, and only in borrowings.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Dobro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/De_(Cyrillic)" title="De (Cyrillic)">Д д</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">добро</span> </td> <td>dobro </td> <td>d </td> <td>d </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d̪]</span> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Delta_(letter)" title="Delta (letter)">Delta</a> Δ </td> <td>good </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark or followed by a palatalizing vowel (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѭ">ѭ</a>, or <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙗ">ꙗ</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѣ">ѣ</a>), this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʲ]</span>; some manuscripts do not mark palatalization, in which case it must be inferred from context. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Est.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ye_(Cyrillic)" title="Ye (Cyrillic)">Є є</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">єсть</span> </td> <td>jest’ </td> <td>e </td> <td>e </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ̠]</span> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">Epsilon</a> Ε </td> <td>is - exists, world </td> <td>Pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɛ]</span> when not preceded by a consonant. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zhivete.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhe_(Cyrillic)" title="Zhe (Cyrillic)">Ж ж</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">живѣтє</span> </td> <td>živěte </td> <td>ž </td> <td>zh </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʒ]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Zhivete</i> Ⰶ </td> <td>live </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zelo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dze" title="Dze">Ѕ ѕ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѕѣло</span> </td> <td>dzělo </td> <td>d︠z︡ </td> <td>ż </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d̪z̪]</span> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigma (letter)">Stigma</a> Ϛ </td> <td>very </td> <td>The form <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙃ">ꙃ</a> had the phonetic value <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dz]</span> and no numeral value, whereas the form <a href="/wiki/%D0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѕ">ѕ</a> was used only as a numeral and had no phonetic value.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/%D0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѕ">ѕ</a> came to be used instead of <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙃ">ꙃ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Памятники_Старославянскаго_языка_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Памятники_Старославянскаго_языка-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many manuscripts <a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">з</a> is used instead, suggesting <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">lenition</a> had taken place.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg/90px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg/120px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Zemlia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ze_(Cyrillic)" title="Ze (Cyrillic)">З з</a>, Ꙁ ꙁ </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">зємлꙗ</span> </td> <td>zemlja </td> <td>z </td> <td>z </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[z̪]<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>[z]</span> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Zeta" title="Zeta">Zeta</a> Ζ </td> <td>earth </td> <td>The first form developed into the second. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(Cyrillic)" title="I (Cyrillic)">И и</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ижє</span> </td> <td>íže </td> <td>í,j </td> <td>í,ĭ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iː]</span> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">Eta</a> Η </td> <td>harmony, balance </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Decimal_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal I">І і, Ї ї</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">іжеи, їнить</span> </td> <td>īžei,ìnit' </td> <td>ī,ì </td> <td>ī,ì </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>[j]</span> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Iota" title="Iota">Iota</a> Ι </td> <td>and </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kako.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(Cyrillic)" title="Ka (Cyrillic)">К к</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">како</span> </td> <td>kakó </td> <td>k </td> <td>k </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Kappa" title="Kappa">Kappa</a> Κ </td> <td>as </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark, this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[c]</span>; this occurs only rarely, and only in borrowings.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ludi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_(Cyrillic)" title="El (Cyrillic)">Л л</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">людїѥ</span> </td> <td>ljudìjĕ </td> <td>l </td> <td>l </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span>; sometimes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʎ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">Lambda</a> Λ </td> <td>people </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark or followed by a palatalizing vowel (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѭ">ѭ</a>, or <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙗ">ꙗ</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѣ">ѣ</a>), this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʎ]</span>; some manuscripts do not mark palatalization, in which case it must be inferred from context.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Myslete.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Myslete.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Myslete.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Myslete.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Myslete.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Myslete.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Myslete.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Em_(Cyrillic)" title="Em (Cyrillic)">М м</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">мꙑслитє</span> </td> <td>myslite </td> <td>m </td> <td>m </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[m]</span> </td> <td>40 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Mu_(letter)" title="Mu (letter)">Mu</a> Μ </td> <td>think </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Nash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/En_(Cyrillic)" title="En (Cyrillic)">Н н</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">нашь</span> </td> <td>našĕ </td> <td>n </td> <td>n </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n]</span>; sometimes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Nu_(letter)" title="Nu (letter)">Nu</a> Ν </td> <td>ours </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark or followed by a palatalizing vowel (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѭ">ѭ</a>, or <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙗ">ꙗ</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѣ">ѣ</a>), this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲ]</span>; some manuscripts do not mark palatalization, in which case it must be inferred from context.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Onu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">О о</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">онъ</span> </td> <td>onŏ </td> <td>o </td> <td>o </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">Omicron</a> Ο </td> <td>he/it </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Pokoi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pe_(Cyrillic)" title="Pe (Cyrillic)">П п</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">покои</span> </td> <td>pokoj </td> <td>p </td> <td>p </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span> </td> <td>80 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">Pi</a> Π </td> <td>calm </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Rtsi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Er_(Cyrillic)" title="Er (Cyrillic)">Р р</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">рьци</span> </td> <td>r'ci </td> <td>r </td> <td>r </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r]</span>; sometimes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[rʲ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>100 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">Rho</a> Ρ </td> <td>language </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark or followed by a palatalizing vowel (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a> or <a href="/wiki/%D1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѭ">ѭ</a>), this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[rʲ]</span>; some manuscripts do not mark palatalization, in which case it must be inferred from context.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This palatalization was lost rather early in South Slavic speech.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Slovo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Slovo.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Slovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Slovo.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Slovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Slovo.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Slovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Es_(Cyrillic)" title="Es (Cyrillic)">С с</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">слово</span> </td> <td>slovo </td> <td>s </td> <td>s </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s]</span> </td> <td>200 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Sigma#Lunate_sigma" title="Sigma">lunate Sigma</a> Ϲ </td> <td>word/speech </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tverdo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic)" title="Te (Cyrillic)">Т т</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">твєрдо</span> </td> <td>tverdo </td> <td>t </td> <td>t </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span> </td> <td>300 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">Tau</a> Τ </td> <td>hard </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark or followed by a palatalizing vowel (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѭ">ѭ</a>, or <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙗ">ꙗ</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѣ">ѣ</a>), this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[c]</span>; some manuscripts do not mark palatalization, in which case it must be inferred from context. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg/90px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg/120px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Uk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uk_(Cyrillic)" title="Uk (Cyrillic)">Ѹ ѹ, Ꙋ ꙋ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">Оукъ, ꙋкъ</span> </td> <td>oukŏ/ukŏ </td> <td>ou/u </td> <td>оу/ꙋ=ou, у=u </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ou/u]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Omicron" title="Omicron">Omicron</a>-<a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">Upsilon</a> ΟΥ / Ꙋ </td> <td>learning </td> <td>The first form developed into the second, a vertical <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligature</a>. A less common alternative form was a digraph with <a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">izhitsa</a>: Оѵ оѵ. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fert.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fert.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fert.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fert.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fert.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fert.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fert.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)" title="Ef (Cyrillic)">Ф ф</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">фѣртъ</span> </td> <td>fěrtŏ </td> <td>f </td> <td>f </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span> or possibly <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>500 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Phi" title="Phi">Phi</a> Φ </td> <td>pride </td> <td>This letter was not needed for Slavic but used to transcribe Greek Φ and Latin ph and f.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was probably, but not certainly, pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span> rather than <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span>; however, in some cases it has been found as a transcription of Greek <a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">π</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Kher.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х х</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">хѣръ</span> </td> <td>chěrŏ </td> <td>ch </td> <td>kh </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span> </td> <td>600 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">Chi</a> Χ </td> <td> </td> <td>When marked with a palatalization mark, this letter is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ç]</span>; this occurs only rarely, and only in borrowings.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Omega.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">Ѡ ѡ Ѿ ѿ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѡмъ ѡть</span> </td> <td>ōmŏ ōtŏ </td> <td>ѡ=ō ѿ=ō͡t </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">ѡ</a>=ō ѿ=ō͡t </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> </td> <td>800 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">Omega</a> ω </td> <td>great, from </td> <td>This letter was rarely used, mostly appearing in the interjection "oh", in the preposition ‹otŭ›, in Greek transcription, and as a decorative capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg/90px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg/120px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Tsi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tse_(Cyrillic)" title="Tse (Cyrillic)">Ц ц</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">це</span> </td> <td>ce </td> <td>c </td> <td>t͡s </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ts]</span> </td> <td>900 </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Tsi</i> Ⱌ </td> <td>goal, objective </td> <td>See also: <a href="/wiki/Reversed_Tse" title="Reversed Tse">Ꙡ ꙡ</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg/90px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg/120px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Cherv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">Ч ч</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">чєрвль</span> </td> <td>červl' </td> <td>č </td> <td>ch </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃ]</span> </td> <td>90 </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Cherv</i> Ⱍ </td> <td>edge </td> <td>This letter replaced <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">koppa</a> as the numeral for 90 after about 1300.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Sha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sha_(Cyrillic)" title="Sha (Cyrillic)">Ш ш</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ша</span> </td> <td>ša </td> <td>š </td> <td>sh </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Sha</i> Ⱎ </td> <td>space </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Shta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Shta.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Shta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Shta.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Shta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Shta.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Shta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shcha_(Cyrillic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shcha (Cyrillic)">Щ щ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ща</span> </td> <td>šta </td> <td>št </td> <td>sht </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃt]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Shta</i> Ⱋ </td> <td>protection </td> <td>This letter varied in pronunciation from region to region; it may have originally represented the reflexes of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʲ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was sometimes replaced by the digraph шт.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃtʃ]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a>. Later analyzed as a Ш-Т ligature by folk etymology, but neither the Cyrillic nor the Glagolitic glyph originated as such a ligature.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Back-Yer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Back-Yer.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Back-Yer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Back-Yer.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Back-Yer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Back-Yer.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Back-Yer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yer" title="Yer">Ъ ъ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѥръ</span> </td> <td>jerŏ </td> <td>ŏ/ŭ </td> <td>″ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŏ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŭ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Yer</i> Ⱏ<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>process of creation </td> <td>After č, š, ž, c, dz, št, and žd, this letter was pronounced identically to <a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">ь</a> instead of its normal pronunciation.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yery.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yery" title="Yery">Ꙑ ꙑ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѥрꙑ</span> </td> <td>jery </td> <td>y </td> <td>y </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯji]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯjĭ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ъ + І ligature. </td> <td>ongoing process </td> <td>Ꙑ was the more common form; rarely, a third form, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">ы</a>, appears.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yer.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yer.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yer.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Ь ь</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѥрь</span> </td> <td>jerĕ </td> <td>ĕ/ĭ </td> <td>' </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ĕ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ĭ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Yerj</i> Ⱐ<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ended process </td> <td>This letter loses its pronunciation and becomes a palatalization mark when it follows these letters: д,л,н,р,т. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yat.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yat.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yat.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yat" title="Yat">Ѣ ѣ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѣть</span> </td> <td>jat' </td> <td>ě </td> <td>i͡e </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ije]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>yat</i> Ⱑ<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>unity of heaven and earth </td> <td>Pronounced [ja] when not preceded by a consonant. In western South Slavic dialects of <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a>, this letter had a more closed pronunciation, perhaps <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This letter was written only after a consonant; in all other positions, <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙗ">ꙗ</a> was used instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exceptional document is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pages_of_Undolski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pages of Undolski (page does not exist)">Pages of Undolski</a>, where <a href="/wiki/%D1%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѣ">ѣ</a> is used instead of <a href="/wiki/%EA%99%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꙗ">ꙗ</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-A.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-A.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-A.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iotated_A" title="Iotated A">Ꙗ ꙗ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ꙗрь</span> </td> <td>jar' </td> <td>ja/ă </td> <td>i͡a/ă </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ja:/ă]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>І-А ligature </td> <td>specific group,things </td> <td>This letter was probably not present in the original Cyrillic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-E.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-E.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-E.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_iotified" class="mw-redirect" title="E iotified">Ѥ ѥ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѥдо</span> </td> <td>jĕdo/edo </td> <td>jĕ/e </td> <td>i͡e/e </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɛ꙼/ɛ]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>І-Є ligature </td> <td>touch with the entire </td> <td>This letter was probably not present in the original Cyrillic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Yu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Cyrillic)" title="Yu (Cyrillic)">Ю ю</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">юнъ</span> </td> <td>junŏ </td> <td>ju </td> <td>i͡u </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ju]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>І-ОУ ligature, dropping У </td> <td>motion against flow </td> <td>There was no <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jo]</span> sound in early Slavic, so І-ОУ did not need to be distinguished from І-О. After č, š, ž, c, dz, št, and žd, this letter was pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span>, without iotation. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Big-Yus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Yus" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Yus">Ѫ ѫ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѫдь</span> </td> <td>ǫd' </td> <td>ǫ </td> <td>ǫ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ̃]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Ons</i> Ⱘ </td> <td>wisdom given as heritage </td> <td>Called юсъ большой (big <i>yus)</i> in Russian. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Big-Yus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Yus_iotified" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Yus iotified">Ѭ ѭ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѭта</span> </td> <td>jǫta </td> <td>jǫ </td> <td>i͡ǫ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɔ̃]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>І-Ѫ ligature </td> <td>rejection </td> <td>After č, š, ž, c, dz, št, and žd, this letter was pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ̃]</span>, without iotation. Called <i>юсъ большой йотированный</i> (iotated big <i>yus)</i> in Russian. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.svg/40px-Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.svg/60px-Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.svg/80px-Early_Cyrillic_letter_Yusu_Maliy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Yus" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Yus">Ѧ ѧ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѧнъ</span> </td> <td>jęnŏ </td> <td>ę </td> <td>ę </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ̃]</span> </td> <td>900 </td> <td>Glagolitic <i>Ens</i> Ⱔ </td> <td>image </td> <td>Pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɛ̃]</span> when not preceded by a consonant.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Called юсъ малый (little <i>yus)</i> in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Iotated-Lesser-Yus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Yus_iotified" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Yus iotified">Ѩ ѩ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѩта</span> </td> <td>jęta </td> <td>ję </td> <td>i͡ę </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɛ̃]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>І-Ѧ ligature </td> <td>expansion of understanding </td> <td>This letter does not exist in the oldest (South Slavic) Cyrillic manuscripts, but only in East Slavic ones.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was probably not present in the original Cyrillic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-Auty_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Called юсъ малый йотированный (iotated little <i>yus)</i> in Russian. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ksi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ksi.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ksi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ksi.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ksi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ksi.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Ksi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic_letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (Cyrillic letter)">Ѯ ѯ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѯи</span> </td> <td>ksi </td> <td>ks </td> <td>k͡s </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ks]</span> </td> <td>60 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Xi_(letter)" title="Xi (letter)">Xi</a> Ξ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xi_(letter)" title="Xi (letter)"><i>xi</i></a> (letter name) </td> <td rowspan="2">These two letters were not needed for Slavic but were used to transcribe Greek and as numerals. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Psi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">Ѱ ѱ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѱи</span> </td> <td>psi </td> <td>ps </td> <td>p͡s </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ps]</span> </td> <td>700 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Psi_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psi (letter)">Psi</a> Ψ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psi_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psi (letter)"><i>psi</i></a> (letter name) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fita.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fita.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fita.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fita.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Fita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">Ѳ ѳ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ѳита</span> </td> <td>Thita </td> <td>f̀/th </td> <td>ḟ </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span>, or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span>, or possibly <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θ]</span> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">Theta</a> Θ </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">theta</a></i> (letter name), nature </td> <td>This letter was not needed for Slavic but was used to transcribe Greek and as a numeral. It seems to have been generally pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span>, as the oldest texts sometimes replace instances of it with <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normal <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> pronunciation probably did not have a phone <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhitsa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhitsa.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhitsa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhitsa.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhitsa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhitsa.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Izhitsa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">Ѵ ѵ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ижица</span> </td> <td>ižica </td> <td>ỳ/ü/v/t </td> <td>ẏ/ü/v/t </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> </td> <td>400 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">Upsilon</a> Υ </td> <td>small yoke/<i>Izhe</i> </td> <td>This letter was used to transcribe Greek <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a> and as a numeral. It also formed part of the digraph оѵ. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg/40px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg/60px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg/80px-Early-Cyrillic-letter-Koppa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(Cyrillic)" title="Koppa (Cyrillic)">Ҁ ҁ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ҁоппа</span> </td> <td>qopa </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td> <td><i>none</i> </td> <td>90 </td> <td>Greek <a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)">Koppa</a> Ϙ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppa_(letter)" title="Koppa (letter)"><i>koppa</i></a> (letter name) </td> <td>This letter had no phonetic value, and was used only as a numeral. After about 1300, it was replaced as a numeral by <a href="/wiki/Che_(Cyrillic)" title="Che (Cyrillic)">črĭvĭ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the basic letters, there were a number of scribal variations, combining ligatures, and regionalisms used, all of which varied over time. </p><p>Sometimes the Greek letters that were used in Cyrillic mainly for their numeric value are transcribed with the corresponding Greek letters for accuracy: <a href="/wiki/Fita" title="Fita">ѳ</a> = <a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">θ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ksi_(Cyrillic)" title="Ksi (Cyrillic)">ѯ</a> = <a href="/wiki/Xi_(letter)" title="Xi (letter)">ξ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi_(Cyrillic)" title="Psi (Cyrillic)">ѱ</a> = <a href="/wiki/Psi_(Greek)" title="Psi (Greek)">ψ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izhitsa" title="Izhitsa">ѵ</a> = <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">υ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Omega_(Cyrillic)" title="Omega (Cyrillic)">ѡ</a> = <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">ω</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals,_diacritics_and_punctuation"><span id="Numerals.2C_diacritics_and_punctuation"></span>Numerals, diacritics and punctuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Numerals, diacritics and punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each letter had <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals" title="Cyrillic numerals">a numeric value</a> also, inherited from the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> letter. A <a href="/wiki/Titlo" title="Titlo">titlo</a> over a sequence of letters indicated their use as a number; usually this was accompanied by a dot on either side of the letter.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In numerals, the <a href="/wiki/Place_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Place value">ones place</a> was to the left of the tens place, the reverse of the order used in modern Arabic numerals.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands are formed using a special symbol, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">҂</span> (U+0482), which was attached to the lower left corner of the numeral.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many fonts display this symbol incorrectly as being in line with the letters instead of subscripted below and to the left of them. </p><p>Titlos were also used to form abbreviations, especially of <a href="/wiki/Nomina_sacra" title="Nomina sacra">nomina sacra</a>; this was done by writing the first and last letter of the abbreviated word along with the word's grammatical endings, then placing a titlo above it.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later manuscripts made increasing use of a different style of abbreviation, in which some of the left-out letters were superscripted above the abbreviation and covered with a <a href="/wiki/Pokrytie" title="Pokrytie">pokrytie</a> diacritic.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>, adopted from <a href="/wiki/Polytonic_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytonic orthography">Polytonic Greek orthography</a>, were also used, but were seemingly redundant<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (these may not appear correctly in all web browsers; they are supposed to be directly above the letter, not off to its upper right): </p> <dl><dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ӓ</span></big>  <i><a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(diacritic)" title="Umlaut (diacritic)">trema</a></i>, diaeresis (U+0308)</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а̀</span></big>  <i>varia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave accent</a>), indicating stress on the last syllable (U+0300)</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а́</span></big>  <i>oksia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a>), indicating a stressed syllable (<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> U+0301)</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а҃</span></big>  <i><a href="/wiki/Titlo" title="Titlo">titlo</a></i>, indicating <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviations</a>, or letters used as <a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">numerals</a> (U+0483)</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а҄</span></big>  <i><a href="/wiki/Kamora_(diacritic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamora (diacritic)">kamora</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Circumflex_accent" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumflex accent">circumflex accent</a>), indicating <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalization</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (U+0484); in later Church Slavonic, it disambiguates plurals from homophonous singulars.</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а҅</span></big>  <i>dasia</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Dasy_pneuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasy pneuma">dasy pneuma</a></i>, rough breathing mark (U+0485)</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а҆</span></big>  <i>psili</i>, <i>zvatel'tse</i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Psilon_pneuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilon pneuma">psilon pneuma</a></i>, soft breathing mark (U+0486). Signals a word-initial vowel, at least in later Church Slavonic.</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а҆̀</span></big>  Combined <i>zvatel'tse</i> and <i>varia</i> is called <i>apostrof</i>.</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">а҆́</span></big>  Combined <i>zvatel'tse</i> and <i>oksia</i> is called <i>iso</i>.</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">д꙽, д̾</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Yerok" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerok">Yerok</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Ерок">ru</a>]</span> or <i>payerok</i> (U+A67D, U+033E), indicating an omitted 'jerŭ' (ъ) after a letter.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Punctuation systems in early Cyrillic manuscripts were primitive: there was no space between words and no upper and lower case, and punctuation marks were used inconsistently in all manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">·</span></big>  <i><a href="/wiki/Ano_teleia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ano teleia">ano teleia</a></i> (U+0387), a middle dot used to separate phrases, words, or parts of words<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">.</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">Full stop</a>, used in the same way<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">։</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> (U+0589), resembling a <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a>, used in the same way<sup id="cite_ref-Lunt_3-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">჻</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Georgian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian alphabet">Georgian</a> paragraph separator (U+10FB), used to mark off larger divisions</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">⁖</span></big>  triangular colon (U+2056, added in Unicode 4.1), used to mark off larger divisions</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">⁘</span></big>  diamond colon (U+2058, added in Unicode 4.1), used to mark off larger divisions</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">⁙</span></big>  quintuple colon (U+2059, added in Unicode 4.1), used to mark off larger divisions</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">;</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a> (U+037E), similar to a <a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></dd></dl> <p>Some of these marks are also used in <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a> script. </p><p>Used only in modern texts </p> <dl><dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">,</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> (U+002C)</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">.</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> (U+002E)</dd> <dd><big><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">!</span></big>  <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a> (U+0021)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Bulgarian_examples">Old Bulgarian examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old Bulgarian examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 652px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Pictures of Old Bulgarian manuscripts and inscriptions</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Suprasliensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Codex Suprasliensis"><img alt="Codex Suprasliensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Codex_Suprasliensis.jpg/87px-Codex_Suprasliensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Codex_Suprasliensis.jpg/131px-Codex_Suprasliensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Codex_Suprasliensis.jpg/174px-Codex_Suprasliensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1409" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Codex_Suprasliensis" title="Codex Suprasliensis">Codex Suprasliensis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander"><img alt="Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/84px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/126px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg/168px-Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Gospels_of_Tsar_Ivan_Alexander" title="Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander">Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgar_Translation_Of_Manasses_Chronicle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulgar translation of Manasses chronicle"><img alt="Bulgar translation of Manasses chronicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bulgar_Translation_Of_Manasses_Chronicle.png/86px-Bulgar_Translation_Of_Manasses_Chronicle.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bulgar_Translation_Of_Manasses_Chronicle.png/129px-Bulgar_Translation_Of_Manasses_Chronicle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bulgar_Translation_Of_Manasses_Chronicle.png/172px-Bulgar_Translation_Of_Manasses_Chronicle.png 2x" data-file-width="2439" data-file-height="3405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Bulgar translation of Manasses chronicle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_stone_of_Mostich_Boyla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mostich tomb stone"><img alt="Mostich tomb stone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tomb_stone_of_Mostich_Boyla.jpg/90px-Tomb_stone_of_Mostich_Boyla.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tomb_stone_of_Mostich_Boyla.jpg/135px-Tomb_stone_of_Mostich_Boyla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tomb_stone_of_Mostich_Boyla.jpg/181px-Tomb_stone_of_Mostich_Boyla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Mostich" title="Mostich">Mostich tomb stone</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_Greek_Uncial_manuscripts_from_which_early_Cyrillic_letter_forms_take_their_shapes">Medieval Greek <a href="/wiki/Uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncial">Uncial</a> manuscripts from which early Cyrillic letter forms take their shapes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Medieval Greek Uncial manuscripts from which early Cyrillic letter forms take their shapes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 652px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Pictures of uncial lectionaries</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Colbertinus_700.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 1"><img alt="ℓ 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Codex_Colbertinus_700.jpg/91px-Codex_Colbertinus_700.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Codex_Colbertinus_700.jpg/136px-Codex_Colbertinus_700.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Codex_Colbertinus_700.jpg/181px-Codex_Colbertinus_700.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Lectionary_1" title="Lectionary 1"><b>ℓ</b> <i>1</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectionary_5_(GA),_f.115r.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 5"><img alt="ℓ 5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lectionary_5_%28GA%29%2C_f.115r.jpg/90px-Lectionary_5_%28GA%29%2C_f.115r.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lectionary_5_%28GA%29%2C_f.115r.jpg/135px-Lectionary_5_%28GA%29%2C_f.115r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Lectionary_5_%28GA%29%2C_f.115r.jpg/180px-Lectionary_5_%28GA%29%2C_f.115r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Lectionary_5" title="Lectionary 5"><b>ℓ</b> <i>5</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Harcleianus.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 150"><img alt="ℓ 150" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Codex_Harcleianus.PNG/120px-Codex_Harcleianus.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Codex_Harcleianus.PNG/180px-Codex_Harcleianus.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Codex_Harcleianus.PNG/240px-Codex_Harcleianus.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lectionary_150" title="Lectionary 150"><b>ℓ</b> <i>150</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectionary_152_K051435.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 152"><img alt="ℓ 152" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lectionary_152_K051435.JPG/83px-Lectionary_152_K051435.JPG" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lectionary_152_K051435.JPG/125px-Lectionary_152_K051435.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lectionary_152_K051435.JPG/167px-Lectionary_152_K051435.JPG 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lectionary_152" title="Lectionary 152"><b>ℓ</b> <i>152</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectionary_179_(Gen_1).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 179 Old Testament, Genesis"><img alt="ℓ 179 Old Testament, Genesis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lectionary_179_%28Gen_1%29.JPG/97px-Lectionary_179_%28Gen_1%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lectionary_179_%28Gen_1%29.JPG/146px-Lectionary_179_%28Gen_1%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lectionary_179_%28Gen_1%29.JPG/195px-Lectionary_179_%28Gen_1%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="1683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lectionary_179" title="Lectionary 179"><b>ℓ</b> <i>179</i></a> Old Testament, Genesis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectionary_183_folio_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 183 folio 2"><img alt="ℓ 183 folio 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lectionary_183_folio_2.JPG/89px-Lectionary_183_folio_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lectionary_183_folio_2.JPG/133px-Lectionary_183_folio_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lectionary_183_folio_2.JPG/178px-Lectionary_183_folio_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="1230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lectionary_183" title="Lectionary 183"><b>ℓ</b> <i>183</i></a> folio 2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectionary_269_(Matth._8,32-9,1.9).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 269"><img alt="ℓ 269" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lectionary_269_%28Matth._8%2C32-9%2C1.9%29.JPG/110px-Lectionary_269_%28Matth._8%2C32-9%2C1.9%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lectionary_269_%28Matth._8%2C32-9%2C1.9%29.JPG/165px-Lectionary_269_%28Matth._8%2C32-9%2C1.9%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lectionary_269_%28Matth._8%2C32-9%2C1.9%29.JPG/220px-Lectionary_269_%28Matth._8%2C32-9%2C1.9%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lectionary_269" title="Lectionary 269"><b>ℓ</b> <i>269</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectionary_296_f.6v.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ℓ 296 folio 6 verso"><img alt="ℓ 296 folio 6 verso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lectionary_296_f.6v.JPG/88px-Lectionary_296_f.6v.JPG" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lectionary_296_f.6v.JPG/132px-Lectionary_296_f.6v.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lectionary_296_f.6v.JPG/177px-Lectionary_296_f.6v.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lectionary_296" title="Lectionary 296"><b>ℓ</b> <i>296</i></a> folio 6 verso</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Cyrillic_manuscripts">Early Cyrillic manuscripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early Cyrillic manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1001px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Pictures of Old Church Slavonic weekly gospels (<a href="/wiki/Aprakos" title="Aprakos">aprakos</a>)</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostromir_Gospel_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostromir Gospels"><img alt="Ostromir Gospels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ostromir_Gospel_4.jpg/92px-Ostromir_Gospel_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ostromir_Gospel_4.jpg/138px-Ostromir_Gospel_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ostromir_Gospel_4.jpg/184px-Ostromir_Gospel_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Ostromir_Gospels" title="Ostromir Gospels">Ostromir Gospels</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scepkin1903Sava142ob.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sava's book"><img alt="Sava's book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Scepkin1903Sava142ob.jpg/76px-Scepkin1903Sava142ob.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Scepkin1903Sava142ob.jpg/114px-Scepkin1903Sava142ob.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Scepkin1903Sava142ob.jpg/152px-Scepkin1903Sava142ob.jpg 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="1139" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Sava%27s_book" title="Sava's book">Sava's book</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khitrovo_Gospels_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khitrovo Gospels"><img alt="Khitrovo Gospels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Khitrovo_Gospels_05.jpg/81px-Khitrovo_Gospels_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Khitrovo_Gospels_05.jpg/121px-Khitrovo_Gospels_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Khitrovo_Gospels_05.jpg/161px-Khitrovo_Gospels_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Khitrovo_Gospels" title="Khitrovo Gospels">Khitrovo Gospels</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miroslav Gospel"><img alt="Miroslav Gospel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg/100px-Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg/150px-Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg/200px-Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Gospel" title="Miroslav Gospel">Miroslav Gospel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archangel_Gospel_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arkhangelsk Gospel"><img alt="Arkhangelsk Gospel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Archangel_Gospel_03.jpg/77px-Archangel_Gospel_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Archangel_Gospel_03.jpg/116px-Archangel_Gospel_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Archangel_Gospel_03.jpg/155px-Archangel_Gospel_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Gospel" title="Arkhangelsk Gospel">Arkhangelsk Gospel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pogod_18_list_19_ob_mt18-15_18-20_mt4-23_4-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pogod_18_list_19_ob_mt18-15_18-20_mt4-23_4-24.jpg/67px-Pogod_18_list_19_ob_mt18-15_18-20_mt4-23_4-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pogod_18_list_19_ob_mt18-15_18-20_mt4-23_4-24.jpg/100px-Pogod_18_list_19_ob_mt18-15_18-20_mt4-23_4-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pogod_18_list_19_ob_mt18-15_18-20_mt4-23_4-24.jpg/134px-Pogod_18_list_19_ob_mt18-15_18-20_mt4-23_4-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andronikovo_Gospel_158rev.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andronikov Gospels"><img alt="Andronikov Gospels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Andronikovo_Gospel_158rev.jpg/72px-Andronikovo_Gospel_158rev.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Andronikovo_Gospel_158rev.jpg/108px-Andronikovo_Gospel_158rev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Andronikovo_Gospel_158rev.jpg/144px-Andronikovo_Gospel_158rev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Andronikov Gospels</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Early_Cyrillic" class="extiw" title="commons:Early Cyrillic">Early Cyrillic</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_of_Cyrillic_and_Glagolitic_scripts" title="Relationship of Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts">Relationship of Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">Reforms of Russian orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages#Eastern_Orthodox_Church,_Byzantium,_Slavs_and_Greeks" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages#Eastern Orthodox Church, Byzantium, Slavs and Greeks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Auty-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Auty_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Auty, R. <i>Handbook of Old Church Slavonic, Part II: Texts and Glossary.</i> 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lunt_3-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLunt2001" class="citation book cs1">Lunt, Horace Gray (2001). <i>Old Church Slavonic Grammar</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-016284-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-016284-9"><bdi>3-11-016284-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Church+Slavonic+Grammar&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-11-016284-9&rft.aulast=Lunt&rft.aufirst=Horace+Gray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cub-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cub_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cub_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cubberley 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1956" class="citation book cs1">Dvornik, Francis (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor"><i>The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization</i></a>. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor/page/n184">179</a>. <q>The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or „modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs%3A+Their+Early+History+and+Civilization&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavstheirearlyh00dvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCurta-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCurta_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCurta_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCurta_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1">Curta, Florin (2006). <i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 221–222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81539-0"><bdi>978-0-521-81539-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=221-222&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81539-0&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHusseyLouth2010" class="citation book cs1">Hussey, J. M.; Louth, Andrew (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J-H9BTVHKRMC"><i>The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire</i></a>. Oxford History of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161488-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161488-0"><bdi>978-0-19-161488-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.series=Oxford+History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161488-0&rft.aulast=Hussey&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft.au=Louth%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ-H9BTVHKRMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Провежда се международна конференция в гр. Опака за св. Антоний от Крепчанския манастир. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dobrotoliubie.com/2021/10/15/провежда-се-международна-конференци/">Добротолюбие – Център за християнски, църковно-исторически и богословски изследвания, 15.10.2021.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/en/sr/sr_app9.htm">Steven Runciman, <i>A history of the First Bulgarian Empire</i>, Appendix IX – The Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets, (G. Bell & Sons, London 1930)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Провежда се международна конференция в гр. Опака за св. Антоний от Крепчанския манастир. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dobrotoliubie.com/2021/10/15/провежда-се-международна-конференци/">Добротолюбие – Център за християнски, църковно-исторически и богословски изследвания, 15.10.2021.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКарадаков" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Карадаков, Ангел. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dobrotoliubie.com/2021/10/15/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b6%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%81%d0%b5-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%b6%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%84%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%86%d0%b8/">"Провежда се международна конференция в гр. Опака за св. Антоний от Крепчанския манастир"</a>. <i>Добротолюбие</i> (in Bulgarian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D1%80.+%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B2.+%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdobrotoliubie.com%2F2021%2F10%2F15%2F%25d0%25bf%25d1%2580%25d0%25be%25d0%25b2%25d0%25b5%25d0%25b6%25d0%25b4%25d0%25b0-%25d1%2581%25d0%25b5-%25d0%25bc%25d0%25b5%25d0%25b6%25d0%25b4%25d1%2583%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b0%25d1%2580%25d0%25be%25d0%25b4%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b0-%25d0%25ba%25d0%25be%25d0%25bd%25d1%2584%25d0%25b5%25d1%2580%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bd%25d1%2586%25d0%25b8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1952" class="citation journal cs1">Matthews, W. K. (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4204350">"The Latinisation of Cyrillic Characters"</a>. <i>The Slavonic and East European Review</i>. <b>30</b> (75): 531–548. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-6795">0037-6795</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4204350">4204350</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=The+Latinisation+of+Cyrillic+Characters&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=75&rft.pages=531-548&rft.date=1952&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4204350%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0037-6795&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=W.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4204350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/churchsl.pdf">"Church Slavic (ALA-LC Romanization Tables)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Library of Congress</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Church+Slavic+%28ALA-LC+Romanization+Tables%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fchurchsl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Памятники_Старославянскаго_языка-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Памятники_Старославянскаго_языка_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Памятники Старославянскаго языка / <i>Е. Ѳ. Карскій</i>. — СПб. : Типографія Императорской Академіи наукъ, 1904. — Т. I, с. 14. — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003721357#?page=20">Репринт</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruslang.ru/doc/lingistoch/1964/02-simonov.pdf">"Simonov"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simonov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruslang.ru%2Fdoc%2Flingistoch%2F1964%2F02-simonov.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berdnikov and Lapko 2003, p. 12</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Berdnikov, Alexander and Olga Lapko, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030805163244/http://www.uni-giessen.de/partosch/eurotex99/berdnikov2.pdf">"Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic in TEX and Unicode"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-giessen.de/partosch/eurotex99/berdnikov2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 5, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Slavonic+and+Church+Slavonic+in+TEX+and+Unicode&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-giessen.de%2Fpartosch%2Feurotex99%2Fberdnikov2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span>, <i>EuroTEX '99 Proceedings</i>, September 1999</li> <li>Birnbaum, David J., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040803212724/http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/~repertorium/resources/unicode_sofia_1_post.pdf">"<i>Unicode for Slavic Medievalists</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clover.slavic.pitt.edu/~repertorium/resources/unicode_sofia_1_post.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 3, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+for+Slavic+Medievalists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclover.slavic.pitt.edu%2F~repertorium%2Fresources%2Funicode_sofia_1_post.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span>, September 28, 2002</li> <li>Cubberley, Paul (1996) "The Slavic Alphabets". In Daniels and Bright, below.</li> <li>Daniels, Peter T., and William Bright, eds. (1996). <i>The World's Writing Systems.</i> Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-507993-0">0-19-507993-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a> and Ralph Cleminson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2610r.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Final proposal for encoding the Glagolitic script in the UCS", Expert Contribution to the ISO N2610R"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Final+proposal+for+encoding+the+Glagolitic+script+in+the+UCS%22%2C+Expert+Contribution+to+the+ISO+N2610R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn2610r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarly+Cyrillic+alphabet" class="Z3988"></span>, September 4, 2003</li> <li>Franklin, Simon. 2002. <i>Writing, Society and Culture in Early Rus, c. 950–1300.</i> Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-511-03025-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-511-03025-8">0-511-03025-8</a>.</li> <li>Iliev, I. Short History of the Cyrillic Alphabet. Plovdiv. 2012/Иван Г. Илиев. Кратка история на кирилската азбука. Пловдив. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ivanilievlogosmaster.blogspot.com/2012/07/scriptura-mundi-cyrillic-alphabet.html">Short History of the Cyrillic Alphabet</a></li> <li>Lev, V., "The history of the Ukrainian script (paleography)", in <i>Ukraine: a concise encyclopædia, volume 1</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> Press, 1963, 1970, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-3105-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-3105-6">0-8020-3105-6</a></li> <li>Simovyc, V., and J. B. Rudnyckyj, "The history of Ukrainian orthography", in <i>Ukraine: a concise encyclopædia, volume 1</i> (<i>op cit</i>).</li> <li>Zamora, J., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justin.zamora.com/slavonic/alphabet/letter-names.html">Help me learn Church Slavonic</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synaxis.info/azbuka/">Azbuka</a>, Church Slavonic calligraphy and typography.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obshtezhitie.net/">Obshtezhitie.net</a>, Cyrillic and Glagolitic manuscripts and early printed books.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042759/http://andregarzia.on-rev.com/richmond/LANGTOOLS.html">Old Cyrillic [Стара Славянска Език] text entry application</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ponomar.net/cu_support.html">Slavonic Computing Initiative</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/churchslavonic">churchslavonic – Typesetting documents in Church Slavonic language using Unicode</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/fonts-churchslavonic">fonts-churchslavonic – Fonts for typesetting in Church Slavonic language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/notes/tn41/tn41-1.pdf">Church Slavonic Typography in Unicode</a> (Unicode Technical Note no. 41), 2015-11-04, accessed 2023-01-04.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_calligraphy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European calligraphy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_handwritten_European_scripts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">handwritten</a> European <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">scripts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient<br /> and medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cursive" title="Roman cursive">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustic_capitals" title="Rustic capitals">Rustic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarda" title="Bastarda">Bastarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calligraphy" title="Georgian calligraphy">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_minuscule" title="Greek minuscule">Greek</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Early Cyrillic</a> <ul><li>Ustav</li> <li>Poluustav</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosančica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Glagolitic">Angular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_hand" title="Court hand">Court hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardic_capitals" title="Lombardic capitals">Lombardic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/100px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/150px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg/200px-Calligraphy.malmesbury.bible.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1011" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancery_hand" title="Chancery hand">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_script" title="Johannine script">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_minuscule" title="Humanist minuscule">Humanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_script" title="Italic script">Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_hand" title="Round hand">Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_hand" title="Secretary hand">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_hand" title="Library hand">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperplate_script" title="Copperplate script">Copperplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencerian_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencerian Method">Spencerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronde_script" title="Ronde script">Ronde</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cursive" title="Russian cursive">Russian cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skoropis" title="Skoropis">Skoropis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_skoropys" title="Ukrainian skoropys">Ukrainian skoropys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">Shorthand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teaching_script" title="Teaching script">Teaching scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barchowsky_Fluent_Handwriting" title="Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting">Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Nealian" title="D'Nealian">D'Nealian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty-Dubay_Italic" title="Getty-Dubay Italic">Getty-Dubay Italic</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Grundschrift" title="Grundschrift">Grundschrift</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Method" title="Palmer Method">Palmer</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Vereinfachte_Ausgangsschrift" title="Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift">Vereinfachte Ausgangsschrift</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaner-Bloser_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaner-Bloser Method">Zaner-Bloser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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