CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ecf19c1d482e',cH: '6s.EoiWNtoU6P2hFsJARUf6AAN3XUNVCHy3HCM_voUE-1739786375-1.2.1.1-Cohalm50YD4vEY1iTPwVsEIdaD0ZEvQDD1elI_tI68W6rk_JGdbQVewTJN9DcY1c',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=learning%20resources&page=3&__cf_chl_tk=Vc0G.TfvM4xwdfJXs6IUCSJoUNuv3DB7j13IbuEkTWQ-1739786375-1.0.1.1-7AfnQYvLeehRpTlQoAmZ13J8kFkrQ9BnNB5boUUGkyc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786375',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=learning%20resources&page=3&__cf_chl_f_tk=Vc0G.TfvM4xwdfJXs6IUCSJoUNuv3DB7j13IbuEkTWQ-1739786375-1.0.1.1-7AfnQYvLeehRpTlQoAmZ13J8kFkrQ9BnNB5boUUGkyc",md: "Km6Ep2ql2LCu8QXCtw9mftlYQCp.1ExBPgrfb8v6g24-1739786375-1.2.1.1-O09MCj7BYsmItLP3GswUq5Ha8a.QNVqGGmbSwLCpCko694xbl5kBgizQXGleFRPTkxge1GsRUucznhs8jz4NXzAJt64oPEx56b.ENF2VaBYubjs86HmZxJCdI1_6LiW.e25R8C2YJJgwzoAAqmyM5uN8MkW28Ss1URgOs2PcOxOR2dNU2ekZVWjbhGUPFDfzwAl0ihsXTjdtpsJFuK.VQl7PpPNqhhvQczqGmO.fx7eTznjluvTH_tA.tQgkYfr5f5P6zrwxsURrrt2gg9V3g4V0dmTAUUcyPoGziUzQKqVo1kGxo1why4iJHXofmruEu8izKoYMpASfv5.7KNldtvRw1DImo7lLP0JJ20CsuRk8pP_b37sPKUGv1_HcAOxzcpl8KK.ud9IeKQsPYjHanspwwPp5rlB0rI_d8vDuGfA4MPcaT_gO_llM6t2pSBzhbNKoUqHIHQe6piTPTTiBHIxnO09DNPE0DmDbXx9sD88NOE3USQpUhRy8qd7Pd6Ijceeyqdib8zmdQzxLR8vvjf9p69GLxWaHcLjRazr2cYH89jYqEhLdgVa3pHBPg36OZv04aWjga5Om9MRkhRJfSN86jATH2bSEuH3pVx1R9ZJkPGTV7kWexsTtEmedLEfzsJwXQHbMyU.aCxj0u32FSgj0e_5E7LJB2JaddGzKkr7yDRe0hmTSnQvCFLDhoKbxGKm_12gEuOXrje5m0nLse9DoohTn4Gq0_6MpBbkyolRptAu2MqbgnTNbk307JXDCbH_WMiIVzylqZFNJYUdbpHT6hljkKXjwo34Q3V5qo7OyiYmzEc6TkpeXKEiVywivacUMl7hwf9Fv1NJ5t9o9FJMXFMQyhlWosPQcMJyOxReCn0Q2vr1y660zksHLpSc7HeGCo9xX6mmKBeiXVRNksycI.I7MmkhQdqLhat5iX7ssq41DA4NDIwH._9yJTM71ivZcih5Ge5PRDiRv0nr_rPkib5gnS9rGc1wP1UCJt8.kEEcKsdYRwpYpHpESZ4atGShD.cmt.rO0co4q5DsM88u.SrFV2nL929xPrejsqOmvUdqeUhaJNCgIDd8Le2liU4AgokRq0G5gVgCsvNHCqBH79uXDwZXMTM33rcaFNu9iXiYtOf.49sd7vgaY37y1i2R2SzxaAlH8o_xgcHHnGeoeSdJa_0LGgazCobz0W.uTJqwUYQuYWa7wLuPG7.R96h2fUmy.hliL9lX8XIT7vb_X2Xzj4X.puMmixY.6cXaA47i2VipK54v9myx.oB2nhRA0iEB0IFypHEPBxDIE_GLJY80WOxJxWp0P.5XvcWnvBnAbpU8l0.oNL.62qbyc2vYMQe6yVCTVnVpYVRTxRmFJrNdxegQaGkgb8YMR2SYSEChg2qM12BRYUcPqOEahlemC76CJV5ThW90ptWg1Ky4FCJQC5hx6id_ikEPmAWwgKAdj4rpcKnT7DDCqzfqTUoEJ7U8vhE8zQ43O2Flz3DgXtghhno4dSmR7lMmbS4UiUfnuQH82YvhFellum0OVWfbhUvodXwJ4KS4vfCGIJ7aQkVK1BVwGI.6ZlVT895lM8AANNy8nUuihZG4g1OJWphghEWJmVvVpNWYfLbo6JqtfZ51TSgUoJAR0ow9GIAPA1L4KClWpofgjK62iaFpssL0BjHoQ451A5FkBz9b1_DzEnKzQa6BnCHbT5mL0TrZbY_J4GYHZuMIqTcHqS.OP3t.0POHTIdGrUQPQmhliB0w8Npgo2EE_XxLW1Mzlc1WB0_6U.cgMUcfaCjx7WMHMrNxaVp38Xi_LafcxmoCManU.YE_1D1eP892rQLn6.WHoTP6usYCUJFXsRbwQkt3Npm5RRrbY1O8Yl1TFthj_QL861ZG9ZSOyn0ncch4IaZKnobCr3F8hr_WA15gBD4cFMCi4Wuz_LVFYFLz_.Wq4iMrXc_TVcYSNw9o2.b8CpiYTFIIpra8xVMO9_cn5EFxa",mdrd: "7zFRugih8gipDp5676aVyid7OB3q0pbmpv0I3U2zWro-1739786375-1.2.1.1-GP8KzIHT_yYfj8KcpFa_s2Bt2wKrf21F7LWz0Sx3UChEVl23kIMkrroxNLlzIP3ZLi7aoTGuGx4x3ubKJ4SxBg2W0B_kU0He_AMkt2qQzZ6QlDk38XYSxy6chPAaxXkwaNuOgdtzNya4GJcRSAgGr80jMQyW4IRxqgUIcnTAKsf4Ugkp4g3rMEY0vNS3U7Lkqn3.U0a2fZcWPKiM2sn4u.9NA67MdrSqjqPcosvissgRX5nF0h3TNL5vMHUDDTu93otkmA1tkFWgwsIlfCz_SMt6.xwCUN9r4iyn873VecIxOcV4DBXAUgEGKMKN94IEqNrDIFu2eySqOVmW17FN7NP3N4HClHCJD1LIIOklDzEOYfos8O3ST4A1Ox1m9L8.dWaN2c_6ngB6Spc.wKwpVFKr.h3x6IlqYZ4XLnDlxSE1am6px76osjIBBR1GrqCnKhgeUCqs.Yf5oYrjapDu2E7Fi6kFrD2YyjuAOZ7HtX1PdrPk2tXmOOABr0jy9C0b3Zo8ZYLY6gd.UjM6OTJqHlBUIuplKNiG66rwaXKB4xt9HtoihdQL83aRVpwqCbB3bzdkySUBdkvpUbZW49rkv.h3B1z7sNUKcXZPwNyJtT_EdVA2gueD3uxKzv72a31ncPWui8SGkbGPB9LSAARBYTMPtQXdLXmNf1juSfH4fBXAd6TwjarJLSjVfdxSfttkvpieJJ9jpyNVDuvG_WGeLz2fIaWt9Yr_Em6.dUgEZS7IqBLcNUi9KP3XHydm5sg8iG4BoIduL6GoUVr1PfKsKJyLNVfZYeUhN4cBDlvDNlhbuBgIFOuqp5Op5D4tw5PPe3rFfmlYc0uILhkj43dqJdXrcQo26JHoIjnvpRUe4OAtLGv4SfTLz6m31EszcdO19.3Lb0HDEXSGKeo4eC8Ihq35l.oaeDvJOF5H5YkagCEipRf6Nq6KIQpces4N_lvRTpAniSaYW2AiXBkpLv_81bsJO2GIGHEQBKOKdOE5pPNfRlVvjANRJSXfHeNJcmQtQaJTOqE0clMgRLDIkl6GqFlPXV6MWEv6lOFLD5BDSjHj0gLIN5IhBH8kCVzhVSfeisrlgokGGlFvYWrOj2zz0XNBcR5bXi3zcTGrTzRvHGox9W32ARzlVTyxQH.tBHZhMR4olVnGxjGXssLslMsftDoGdJZl0qC3ILBwNX8QGCehfkMrN7Gt7FoyNMacKKhit8ODRXGZaTO2M7EVfVziR80o_IZN1cdkK28.FsnQ.7ajujckDJ5aGO6Kpc2FeQNXWPAnVLGKQWSQQ_tMyo6Du3w97c5CYEk0kxVaUd94doVcaGCQ8Ll93uwujOyyMs8oC0yzPgz4Pgp.lQN.usfIaVibr1Vw8OUz2KBmSYz2O1KVn66ktzGvw2d3GHMOsbhLo8Xxce3DLq9S9qJYbw76JoLT07sZnMBe4GgXWPZ1QxiKse9qiqi5Y5Jm3MDKGN42aJ61hfS.UwnMeTxR6ZPQ1IacIUuK4SvnsaYNzWSZIAUIoUgNIOF3nR3kzMzAENzfssu7IY4kTagJ8srim1EKK4_DETAKM8QXmdK6ZrReqFZ8nHbNidmaRrIF4Jdh7sTA7gFFFe4qgxkhxrnLjCP80Nk6G4r4AkNum9CC.tT691zvy5yxnjlAskAPRAA.8sPy0KKnB.aVNLHmGE49POuO1mJaoGgAoG_2ai3Bd.1Ai2UxD9kCinN1Wu1.AY8S66jik9mETmxRxAaMlYMeUJ_a4Q5x_NGIiho3Sgp8Uix68fOxuByDpTVEKTceM28O3b2U5osTQvJ_Fw6EpzbU5adoWo8cyBCowYJmC0VgIa1A5q60Kpav1d38fMwfwo4VOvnA4UMOxCltYB0KkNjWVbewkhBJvX2ZKT5Eza8.CeJ9qoy50UaDTnprXa1BrwIeTFcRIKflQFs9IvhsfUKb3LPVNGYdxu14OMueg3DbWRrUmPgyhbZ7di4p7iqMdVtsjH3t"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ecf19c1d482e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=learning%20resources&page=3&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Vc0G.TfvM4xwdfJXs6IUCSJoUNuv3DB7j13IbuEkTWQ-1739786375-1.0.1.1-7AfnQYvLeehRpTlQoAmZ13J8kFkrQ9BnNB5boUUGkyc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>