CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="eu" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Alkimia - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )euwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","urtarrila","otsaila","martxoa","apirila","maiatza","ekaina","uztaila","abuztua","iraila","urria","azaroa","abendua"],"wgRequestId":"077b3777-873d-4e85-81df-38634ac394df","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Alkimia","wgTitle":"Alkimia","wgCurRevisionId":9064264,"wgRevisionId":9064264,"wgArticleId":241890,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak","Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika","Testuan arabiera duten artikuluak","Lur entziklopedietatik osatu diren artikuluak","Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:GEA identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Arabiar jatorriko hitzak","Kimika","Esoterismoa", "Zientziaren historia","Erdi Aroko zientzia","Pseudozientzia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Alkimia","wgRelevantArticleId":241890,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eu","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eu"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q39689", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ErrefAurrebista","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.TxikipediaTab","ext.gadget.ArtikuluenKalitatea","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg/1200px-Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1677"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg/800px-Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1118"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg/640px-Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="895"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Alkimia - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Aldatu" href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (eu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Jarioa" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:AzkenAldaketak&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Alkimia rootpage-Alkimia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Alkimia" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Alkimia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Alkimia" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Alkimia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Begiztapen_orokorra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Begiztapen_orokorra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Begiztapen orokorra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Begiztapen_orokorra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkimia_historian_zehar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkimia_historian_zehar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alkimia historian zehar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkimia_historian_zehar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkimia_garai_modernoan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkimia_garai_modernoan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alkimia garai modernoan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alkimia_garai_modernoan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Alkimia garai modernoan azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alkimia_garai_modernoan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transmutazio_nuklearra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transmutazio_nuklearra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Transmutazio nuklearra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transmutazio_nuklearra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egiaztatu_gabeko_transmutazio_baieztapenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egiaztatu_gabeko_transmutazio_baieztapenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Egiaztatu gabeko transmutazio baieztapenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egiaztatu_gabeko_transmutazio_baieztapenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psikologia_analitikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psikologia_analitikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Psikologia analitikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psikologia_analitikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkimia_obra_klasikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkimia_obra_klasikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Alkimia obra klasikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkimia_obra_klasikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkimia_herritar_kulturan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkimia_herritar_kulturan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Alkimia herritar kulturan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkimia_herritar_kulturan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alkimia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 97 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemie" title="Alchemie – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alchemie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemie" title="Alchemie – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alchemie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%9A" title="አልከሚ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልከሚ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquimia" title="Alquimia – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alquimia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="خيمياء – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خيمياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="خيميا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="خيميا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquimia" title="Alquimia – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alquimia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Flkimya" title="Əlkimya – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əlkimya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Алхимия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkem%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Alkemėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alkemėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimiya" title="Alkimiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alkimiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Алхімія – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алхімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Альхімія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альхімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алхимия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="আলকেমি – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলকেমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="གསེར་བཙོ་རྩལ། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསེར་བཙོ་རྩལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimiezh" title="Alkimiezh – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alkimiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhemija" title="Alhemija – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alhemija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alqu%C3%ADmia" title="Alquímia – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alquímia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کیمیاگەری – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیمیاگەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchimia" title="Alchimia – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Alchimia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchymie" title="Alchymie – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alchymie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcemi" title="Alcemi – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alcemi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkymi" title="Alkymi – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alkymi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemie" title="Alchemie – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alchemie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simya" title="Simya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Simya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αλχημεία – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλχημεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alchemy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkemio" title="Alkemio – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alkemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquimia" title="Alquimia – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alquimia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkeemia" title="Alkeemia – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alkeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیمیا – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیمیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkemia" title="Alkemia – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchimie" title="Alchimie – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alchimie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algemy" title="Algemy – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Algemy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailceimic" title="Ailceimic – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailceimic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquimia" title="Alquimia – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alquimia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="אלכימיה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכימיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कीमिया – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कीमिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkemija" title="Alkemija – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alkemija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alk%C3%ADmia" title="Alkímia – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alkímia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ալքիմիա – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալքիմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchimia" title="Alchimia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alchimia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alkimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkemio" title="Alkemio – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alkemio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gullger%C3%B0arlist" title="Gullgerðarlist – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gullgerðarlist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchimia" title="Alchimia – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alchimia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%AC%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" title="錬金術 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="錬金術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimiya" title="Alkimiya – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alkimiya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ალქიმია – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალქიმია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алхимия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="រសសាស្ត្រ – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រសសាស្ត្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86" title="ರಸವಿದ್ಯೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಸವಿದ್ಯೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B8%88%EC%88%A0" title="연금술 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연금술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алхимия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemia" title="Alchemia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alchemia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsjemie" title="Alsjemie – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alsjemie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemija" title="Alchemija – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alchemija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C4%B7%C4%ABmija" title="Alķīmija – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alķīmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Алхемија – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алхемија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ആൽകെമി – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽകെമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Алхими – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Алхими" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="အဂ္ဂိရတ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အဂ္ဂိရတ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="अल्केमी – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अल्केमी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alkimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemie" title="Alchemie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alchemie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkymi" title="Alkymi – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alkymi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkymi" title="Alkymi – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkymi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquimia" title="Alquimia – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alquimia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkemii" title="Elkemii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Elkemii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemia" title="Alchemia – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alchemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="کیمیاګري – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کیمیاګري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alquimia" title="Alquimia – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alquimia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchimie" title="Alchimie – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alchimie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алхимия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archim%C3%ACa" title="Archimìa – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Archimìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkemija" title="Alkemija – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alkemija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alchemy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alch%C3%BDmia" title="Alchýmia – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alchýmia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimija" title="Alkimija – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alkimija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alkimia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Алхемија – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алхемија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alk%C3%A9mi" title="Alkémi – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alkémi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkemi" title="Alkemi – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alkemi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இரசவாதம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரசவாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="రసవాదం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసవాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="การเล่นแร่แปรธาตุ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเล่นแร่แปรธาตุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimiya" title="Alkimiya – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alkimiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simya" title="Simya – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Simya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Алхімія – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алхімія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimyo" title="Alkimyo – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alkimyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3_kim_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Giả kim thuật – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giả kim thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkimiya" title="Alkimiya – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alkimiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AF" title="炼金术 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="炼金术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ალქიმია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალქიმია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AF" title="炼金术 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="炼金术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" title="煉金術 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="煉金術" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39689#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Alkimia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alkimia"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alkimia"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Alkimia" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Alkimia" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&oldid=9064264" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Alkimia&id=9064264&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlkimia"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlkimia"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Alkimia"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Alkimia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alchemy" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39689" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-2-HezkuntzaPrograma" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza" title="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg/250px-Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg/375px-Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg/500px-Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="1743" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a> idazlearen alkimismo tratatuaren orrialde bat</figcaption></figure> <p>Zientziaren historian, <b>alkimia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a>: <span lang="ar">الخيمياء‎</span>, <i>al-khimiya</i>) antzinako praktika protozientifikoa da eta, era berean, <a href="/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika">kimika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalurgia" title="Metalurgia">metalurgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medikuntza" title="Medikuntza">medikuntza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia">astrologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semiotika" title="Semiotika">semiotika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mistizismo" title="Mistizismo">mistizismoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espiritualismoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espiritualismoa (sortu gabe)">espiritualismoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">artea</a> bezalako jardueretako elementuak konbinatzen dituen diziplina filosofikoa da. Alkimia <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Antzinako Egipto</a>n, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-disambig" title="Persia">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">Antzinako Grezia</a>n eta <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioa</a>n, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamiar_inperioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamiar inperioa (sortu gabe)">Islamiar inperioa</a>n eta, ondoren Europan XVIII.mendera bitarte, 2500 urteko sistema filosofiko eta eskola desberdinen sarea osatuz. </p><p>Mendebaldeko alkimia <a href="/wiki/Hermetismo" title="Hermetismo">hermetismoa</a>rekin loturik egon ohi da, <a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trimegisto" title="Hermes Trimegisto">Hermes Trimegisto</a> alkimistan oinarritzen den sistema filosofiko eta espirituala. <a href="/wiki/Aro_Modernoa" title="Aro Modernoa">Aro Modernoa</a>ren hasieran, alkimia hedatuena egungo kimikara eboluzionatu zen. </p><p>Gaur egun, bere aspektu mistikoa, <a href="/wiki/Esoterismo" title="Esoterismo">esoterikoa</a> eta artistikoa dela eta, zientziaren historialarien eta filosofoen intereseko diziplina da. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zientzia_modernoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zientzia modernoa (sortu gabe)">Zientzia modernoa</a>ren sustatzaile bat da, eta antzinako alkimiaren <a href="/wiki/Gai_kimiko" title="Gai kimiko">substantzia</a>, tresna eta prozesu ugari oinarrizkoak izan dira industria kimiko eta <a href="/wiki/Metalurgia" title="Metalurgia">metalurgi</a>ko modernoetan. </p><p>Ezagutza arruntean, alkimia deritzo beruna urre bihurtzeko prozesuari. Alkimiaren beste adiera bat <a href="/wiki/Sorgin_harria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorgin harria">sorgin harria</a>ren bilaketa da, harri horrekin urrea transmutatzeko bertutea edo betiereko bizitza lortu ahal zitekeen. </p><p>Alkimiaren plano espiritualean, alkimistek haien arima transmutatu behar zuten metalak transmutatu baino lehen. Beraz, purifikatu egin behar zuten, otoitza eta barauaren bitartez. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alkimia hitza arabiarretik dator, <i>al-khīmiyaˀ</i> (الخيمياء), hain zuzen. <i>al-</i> artikulua eta <i>khumeia</i> (χυμεία) hitz greziarra dira osagaiak, azken honen esanahiak <i>batera bota</i>, <i>jaurti</i>, <i>soldatu</i>, etab. direlarik. <a href="/wiki/Diocleciano" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocleciano">Diocleciano</a>k greziarrez 300. urte inguruan idatzitako dekretu baten arabera <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrearen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarraren</a> ekoizpenaz tratatzen zuten liburuak erretzea<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> agindu zen, <i>khemia</i>. Arabiar <i>kīmiya</i> artikulurik gabe, euskarazko eta bestelako hizkuntzetan <i>kimika</i> moduan itzuli izan da, egungo arabiarrean ere, <i>al-kīmiya</i> hitzak kimika esan nahi du. </p><p>Esan izan da <i>al-kīmiya</i> hitz arabiarraren jatorrizko esanahia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzinako_Egiptoko_zientzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antzinako Egiptoko zientzia (sortu gabe)">zientzia egipziarra</a> zela, <a href="/wiki/Koptoera" title="Koptoera">koptoera</a> <i>kēme</i>, <i>Egipto</i>, hitza hartuta. Hala, alkimia <i>Kemeko artea</i> zen. Erdi Aroan, <i>ars chimica</i> adierazpena erabili ohi zen alkimiari erreferentzia egiteko. </p><p>Noizbehinka, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisopeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisopeia (sortu gabe)">krisopeia</a> hitza alkimiaren sinonimotzat erabiltzen da, baina kontzeptu hori urrea ekoizteko metodoaren bilaketa baino sakonago doa. Krisopeia antzinako grezierako χρυσoσ (<a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrea</a>) eta πoιεω (egin) hitzetatik dator<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kriso- aurrizkia urrearen inguruan diharduen kontzeptuetan atxikitzen da, esate baterako, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisoterapia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisoterapia (sortu gabe)">krisoterapia</a> (gaixotasun jakin batzuk sendatzeko urrezko gatzen bitartezko tratamentua). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begiztapen_orokorra">Begiztapen orokorra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Begiztapen orokorra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Begiztapen orokorra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ca%27_Rezzonico_-_Gli_alchimisti_1757_-_Pietro_Longhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ca%27_Rezzonico_-_Gli_alchimisti_1757_-_Pietro_Longhi.jpg/281px-Ca%27_Rezzonico_-_Gli_alchimisti_1757_-_Pietro_Longhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="281" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ca%27_Rezzonico_-_Gli_alchimisti_1757_-_Pietro_Longhi.jpg/422px-Ca%27_Rezzonico_-_Gli_alchimisti_1757_-_Pietro_Longhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ca%27_Rezzonico_-_Gli_alchimisti_1757_-_Pietro_Longhi.jpg/562px-Ca%27_Rezzonico_-_Gli_alchimisti_1757_-_Pietro_Longhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4490" data-file-height="5382" /></a><figcaption>Pietro Longhi pintorearen <i>Alkimista</i> obra.</figcaption></figure> <p>Azken mendeetan, alkimistek haien denbora gehiena pozio magikoak, pozoiak, etab. osatzen ematen zuten. Haien zientzia-jarduerak lau ardatz nagusi zituen: <a href="/wiki/Sua" class="mw-redirect" title="Sua">sua</a>, lurra, <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">ura</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Airea" class="mw-redirect" title="Airea">airea</a>. Lau elementuekin horien potentzia zuen bostgarren bat sortzen zuten. </p><p>Erdi Arotik aurrera, alkimista batzuk alkimiaren erroak <a href="/wiki/Metafisika" title="Metafisika">metafisika</a>n zeudela defendatzen hasi ziren eta sustantzia kimikoak eta prozesu materialak transformazio espiritualen metafora bezala katalogatzen. Horrela, bai metalen transmutazioak bai <a href="/wiki/Panazea_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Panazea (argipena)">panazea</a> unibertsalak egoera inperfektu batetik perfektu baterako jauzia adierazten zuen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> edota <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> bezalako ikerlari argi eta azkarrak ziren alkimistak. Hauentzat, sustantzia oro hiru osagaietan banatzen zen: <a href="/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua)">merkurioa</a> (espiritua), <a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufrea</a> (arima) eta <a href="/wiki/Gatza" class="mw-disambig" title="Gatza">gatza</a> (gorputza). Zati bakoitza behar bezala purifikatu ondoren, betiere sua zela medio, berriro ere hiru zatiak hasierako sustantzia osatu behar zuten, osotasun horrek ahalmen jakin batzuk eskura zitzan. </p><p>Alkimiak <a href="/wiki/Astrologia" title="Astrologia">astrologia</a>rekin harreman handia izan du ere historian zehar. Diziplina biak garatu izan dira ezkutuko jakintzaren bila. </p><p>Mendebaldeko alkimiatik dator, hain zuzen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zientzia_modernoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zientzia modernoa (sortu gabe)">zientzia modernoa</a>. Gaur egun erabiltzen diren tresna zientifiko askok eta askok haien jatorria alkimiaren jardueran dute. XVII. mendera bitarte, alkimia Europan zientzia seriotzat hartzen zen, <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Akinokoa" title="Tomas Akinokoa">Tomas Akinokoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Thomas Browne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Parmigianino" title="Parmigianino">Parmigianino</a> bezalako izen esanguratsuek babesten zutela. Kimika modernoa alkimista frustratu eta alkimia bera kritikatzen zuten ikerlarietatik sortu zen, <a href="/wiki/Arrazionalismo" class="mw-disambig" title="Arrazionalismo">arrazionalismoa</a>n oinarritutako jarduera berri bati ekinez. </p><p>Orokorrean, alkimiaren historia jakintza eremu anitza eta emankorra bihurtu da. Alkimisten hizkuntza iluna argitzen doan heinean, historialariak diziplina horrek historiako beste esparru askotan (<a href="/wiki/Soziologia" title="Soziologia">soziologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psikologia" title="Psikologia">psikologian</a>, etab.) eduki izan zuen eragina mahai-gaineratzen ari dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkimia_historian_zehar">Alkimia historian zehar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Alkimia historian zehar»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Alkimia historian zehar"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png/421px-Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png" decoding="async" width="421" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png/632px-Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png/842px-Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>XVII.mendeko alkimiari buruzko testu-zati bat.</figcaption></figure><p>Alkimiaren hastapenak Egipton agertu ziren eta bertatik Greziara eta ondoren Erromara eta Inperioaren bitartez Europa osora zabaldu ziren. </p><p>Parisko Liburutegi Nazionalean dauden eskuizkribuen arabera, <a href="/wiki/Zosimo" title="Zosimo">Zosimo</a> «Filosofo jainkotiarra» goitizena zuena izan zen alkimiaz hitz egin zuen lehen idazle grekoa, IV. mendean. Arabiarrek grekoengandik ikasi zuten, eta gaztetasuna mantentzeko edabea asmatzea zen bere xede nagusia. Horretarako, era guztietako eragiketa kimikoak egin zituzten eta, edaria ez baina bestelako gaiak aurkitu zituzten, esaterako alkohola. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanburgoko_Brandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanburgoko Brandt (sortu gabe)">Hanburgoko Brandt</a> alkimistak adibidez, XVII. mendean, <a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">fosforoa</a> deskubritu zuen, urrea aurkitzeko esperantzatan <a href="/wiki/Gernu" title="Gernu">gernua</a> destilatzen ari zelarik. </p><p>Alkimiak garapen handia izan zuen Erdi Aroan, baina desberdintasun nahiko handia zegoen erdi arokoek eta antzinako egiptoarrek eta grekoek erabiltzen zituzten tekniken artean. XIII. mendean lau alkimista handi bizi izan ziren: <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Magno" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberto Magno">Alberto Magno</a> alemaniarra; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>, ingelesa; <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramón Llull</a> kataluniarra, eta <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_de_Vilanova" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnaldo de Vilanova">Arnaldo de Vilanova</a> espainiarra. </p><p>Alkimiaren unerik garaiena, nolanahi ere XV. mendea izan zen, eta orduko alkimisten artean, besteak beste, hauek aipa daitezke: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ripley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ripley (sortu gabe)">George Ripley</a> ingelesa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilio_Valent%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilio Valentín (sortu gabe)">Basilio Valentín</a> alemaniarra, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Flamel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Flamel (sortu gabe)">Nicolas Flamel</a> <a href="/wiki/Parisko_Unibertsitatea" title="Parisko Unibertsitatea">Parisko Unibertsitate</a>koa eta Isaac holandarra. Alkimistek ez zuten inoiz sorgin harria aurkitu, ezta gaztetasunaren edabea asmatu ere, baina egin zituzten saioetan hainbat aurkikunde egin zituzten, adibidez: alkali hegazkorra, <a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">bismutoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eter_(fisika)" title="Eter (fisika)">eter</a>ra, <a href="/wiki/Azido_nitriko" title="Azido nitriko">azido nitriko</a>, sulfuriko eta fluorhidrikoa, alkoholaren destilazioa, etab.; baina aurkikuntza guzti hauek nahiko ustekabean gertatzen ziren, eta pixkanaka alkimiak kimikari utzi zion tokia. </p><p>Hasiera batean, kimika eta alkimiaren arteko bereizketa, ez zen erabatekoa izan, eta alkimisten hainbat baieztapen berresten zituzten kimikari handiak agertu ziren, esaterako <a href="/wiki/Parazeltso" title="Parazeltso">Paracelso</a>. Hala ere, alkimistak ez zuten kimikaren muga praktikoetara makurtu nahi izan eta laborategiak utzirik, espekulazio hermetikoa garatu zuten, hau da, alkimia, astrologia eta magia naturalaren azalpen filosofikoa bilatzeari ekin zioten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkimia_garai_modernoan">Alkimia garai modernoan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Alkimia garai modernoan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Alkimia garai modernoan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alkimia egungo zientzia modernoen aurrekari izan zen, eta sasoi hartako substantzia, tresna eta prozesuak funtsezkoak izan dira <a href="/wiki/Industria_kimiko" title="Industria kimiko">industria kimiko</a> eta metalurgiko modernoen sorreran. </p><p>Alkimiak forma asko hartzen dituen arren, kultura herrikoian askotan aipatzen da <a href="/wiki/Berun" title="Berun">beruna</a> (edo beste elementu batzuk) <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urre</a> bihurtzeko prozesu modura. Alkimiaren beste forma ezagunetako bat <a href="/wiki/Harri_filosofal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harri filosofal">harri filosofalaren</a> bilaketa da. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Manuscript_on_alchemical_processes,_by_Raymundus_Lullius_Wellcome_L0072724.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Manuscript_on_alchemical_processes%2C_by_Raymundus_Lullius_Wellcome_L0072724.jpg/220px-Manuscript_on_alchemical_processes%2C_by_Raymundus_Lullius_Wellcome_L0072724.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Manuscript_on_alchemical_processes%2C_by_Raymundus_Lullius_Wellcome_L0072724.jpg/330px-Manuscript_on_alchemical_processes%2C_by_Raymundus_Lullius_Wellcome_L0072724.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Manuscript_on_alchemical_processes%2C_by_Raymundus_Lullius_Wellcome_L0072724.jpg/440px-Manuscript_on_alchemical_processes%2C_by_Raymundus_Lullius_Wellcome_L0072724.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="5389" /></a><figcaption>Alkimiaren inguruko liburu-zati bat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aro honetan, <a href="/wiki/Metodo_zientifiko" title="Metodo zientifiko">metodo zientifikoa</a> erabiliz, garapenak egin dira alkimiaren helburu batzuk lortzeko. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adimen_artifizial" title="Adimen artifizial">Adimen artifiziala</a>ren xedea, esate baterako, hutsetik bizitza sortzea da. Adimen artifizial honen aurkariek alkimiarekin alderatzen dute, adibidez, Herbert eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Dreyfus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart Dreyfus (sortu gabe)">Stuart Dreyfus</a> egileek 1960 urteko <i>Alchemy and AI</i> entseguan. Hala eta guztiz ere, alkimiaren helburu zehatza transmutazio humanoa denez (hutsetik bizitza sortzea baino), ikerketa genetikoa egongo litzateke diziplina horretatik gertuago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transmutazio_nuklearra">Transmutazio nuklearra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Transmutazio nuklearra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Transmutazio nuklearra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1919.urtean <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>-ek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desintegrazio_artifiziala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desintegrazio artifiziala (sortu gabe)">desintegrazio artifiziala</a> erabili zuen nitrogenoa oxigeno bilakatzeko, naiz eta sorgin harririk erabili ez. Prozesu guzti hau komertzio sailean erreaktore nuklearren eta <a href="/wiki/Partikula-azeleragailu" title="Partikula-azeleragailu">partikula-azeleragailu</a>en bitartez egiten jarraitu da, bertan <a href="/wiki/Nukleo_atomiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleo atomiko">nukleo atomiko</a>ak energia altuko partikulekin talka egiten dute. </p><p>Beruna urre bilakatzearen ideia ez da osoki okerra, teorian, berun atomo batetik hiru protoi ateraz gero, urrezko protoi bat lortuko litzatekeelako<sup id="cite_ref-#1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Esaterako, 1980an <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Gleen T. Seaborg</a>ek beruna urrean bilakatu zuen, ondorioz ateratako urreak segundo gutxi batzuk iraun zituen arren, bere ezegonkortasun atomikoa zela eta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egiaztatu_gabeko_transmutazio_baieztapenak">Egiaztatu gabeko transmutazio baieztapenak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Egiaztatu gabeko transmutazio baieztapenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Egiaztatu gabeko transmutazio baieztapenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1964.urtean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ohsewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ohsewa (sortu gabe)">George Ohsewa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michio_Kushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michio Kushi (sortu gabe)">Michio Kushi</a>-k, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Courentin_Louis_Kervran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Courentin Louis Kervran (sortu gabe)">Courentin Louis Kervran</a>-en lehen baieztapen batean oinarrituz, informatu zuten <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodioa</a> <a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">potasioan</a> transmutatzea lortu zutela arku elektriko baten bidez, eta ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Karbonoaren_talde" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbonoaren talde">karbonoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a> burdinan. 1994an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Sundaresan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Sundaresan (sortu gabe)">R. Sundaresan</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Bockris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Bockris (sortu gabe)">J. Bockris</a>-ek informatu zuten uretan murgilduta zeuden karbono barra batzuen tarteetako deskarga elektrikoetan fusioko erreakzioak ikusi zituztela. Hala ere, ondoko baieztapen hauek ez dira beste zientifikoen artean zabaldu eta ideiaren ukapena gaur egun nahiko hedaturik dago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psikologia_analitikoa">Psikologia analitikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Psikologia analitikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Psikologia analitikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Jung_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jung_1911.jpg/220px-Jung_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Jung_1911.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Jung" title="Carl Gustav Jung">Carl Gustav Jung</a></figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Jung" title="Carl Gustav Jung">Carl Gustav Jung</a> psikiatra suitzarrak interes ezetik abiatu zuen alkimiarekin harremana. Bere iritzia goitik behera aldatuko zuen 1928an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Wilhelm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Wilhelm (sortu gabe)">Richard Wilhelm</a> sinologoaren eskutik, XIII.mendeko alkimia tratatu baten itzulpena zela eta: <i>Urrezko Lorearen sekretua</i> (Tai Yi Jin Hua Zong Zhi), hain zuzen. Alkimiarekin zuen harremana, orduan, hasieratik baldintzatuta egon zen indibidualizazio prozesuak aurkitu zituelako obran. Hamar urte behar izan zituen alkimiaz solasten ziren testu horiek behar bezala interpretatu eta itzultzeko<sup id="cite_ref-#1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Jungek alkimia bereizketaren saria bilatzen zuen mendebaldeko proto-psikologia bat bezala ikusten zuen. Interpretazio horren arabera, alkimia <a href="/wiki/Berpizkundea" class="mw-redirect" title="Berpizkundea">Berpizkundean</a> gnostizismoak bizirik irauteko erabili zuen kareta izan zen. Alkimia mendebaldean <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>rekin alderatzen zuen Jungek. <i>Psychologie und Alchimie</i> (1944) bere obran, aipatzen du ametsak bezalako inkontzienteko fenomeno hautemangarriak sinbologia alkimikoan aurkitu daitezkeen elementu sinbolikoez osatzen direla. Gainera, sorgin harriaren eta kristoren arteko paralelismoari analisi bat eskaintzen dio. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mysterium_coniunctionis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mysterium coniunctionis (sortu gabe)">Mysterium coniunctionis</a></i> (1955-1956) obran, alkimia eta <a href="/wiki/Psikologia_analitikoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Psikologia analitikoa">psikologia analitikoa</a>ren arteko talkaren azken ezarpenak lotzen ditu. </p><p>Guzti honetaz gain, ezin da ahaztu Jungen alkimiaren esentziarako gura hori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judeako_Maria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judeako Maria (sortu gabe)">Judeako Maria</a>, Panopoliseko <a href="/wiki/Zosimo" title="Zosimo">Zosimo</a> edota <a href="/wiki/Parazeltso" title="Parazeltso">Paracelso</a> bezalako pertsonaia historikoek elikatu zutela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkimia_obra_klasikoak">Alkimia obra klasikoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Alkimia obra klasikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Alkimia obra klasikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:A_Christ-like_figure_seated_in_a_boiling_vat_while_a_man_wor_Wellcome_V0025634.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A_Christ-like_figure_seated_in_a_boiling_vat_while_a_man_wor_Wellcome_V0025634.jpg/253px-A_Christ-like_figure_seated_in_a_boiling_vat_while_a_man_wor_Wellcome_V0025634.jpg" decoding="async" width="253" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A_Christ-like_figure_seated_in_a_boiling_vat_while_a_man_wor_Wellcome_V0025634.jpg/380px-A_Christ-like_figure_seated_in_a_boiling_vat_while_a_man_wor_Wellcome_V0025634.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A_Christ-like_figure_seated_in_a_boiling_vat_while_a_man_wor_Wellcome_V0025634.jpg/507px-A_Christ-like_figure_seated_in_a_boiling_vat_while_a_man_wor_Wellcome_V0025634.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="3565" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Splendor_Solis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Splendor Solis (sortu gabe)">Splendor Solis</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Handia" title="Alberto Handia">Albertus Magnus</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compositum_de_Compositis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compositum de Compositis (sortu gabe)">Compositum de Compositis</a></i> (<i>El compuesto de los compuestos</i>).</li> <li>Altus, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutus_Liber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutus Liber (sortu gabe)">Mutus Liber</a></i> (<i>Liburu Mutua</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnau_de_Vilanova" title="Arnau de Vilanova">Arnau de Villanova</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semita_Semit%C3%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semita Semitæ (sortu gabe)">Semita Semitæ</a></i> (<i>Bidearen Bidea</i>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilius_Valentinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilius Valentinus (sortu gabe)">Basilius Valentinus</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrus_Triumphalis_Antimonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrus Triumphalis Antimonii (sortu gabe)">Carrus Triumphalis Antimonii</a></i> (<i>Antimonioren garaipen gurdia</i>); <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duodecim_Claves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duodecim Claves (sortu gabe)">Duodecim Claves</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardo_de_Treviso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardo de Treviso (sortu gabe)">Bernardo de Treviso</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Sue%C3%B1o_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Sueño Verde (sortu gabe)">El Sueño Verde</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliotheca_Philosophica_Hermetica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica (sortu gabe)">Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Calid erregearen eta Morien filosofoaren Hermesen heziketaren inguruko solasaldia.</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donum_Dei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donum Dei (sortu gabe)">Donum Dei</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elias_Ashmole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elias Ashmole (sortu gabe)">Elias Ashmole</a>, <i>Theatrum chemicum britannicum</i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Filaleteo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Filaleteo (sortu gabe)">Eugenio Filaleteo</a>, <i>El Arte Hermético al Descubierto</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulcanelli" title="Fulcanelli">Fulcanelli</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Misterio_de_las_Catedrales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Misterio de las Catedrales (sortu gabe)">El Misterio de las Catedrales</a></i>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Moradas_Filosofales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Moradas Filosofales (sortu gabe)">Las Moradas Filosofales</a></i>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finis_Glori%C3%A6_Mundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finis Gloriæ Mundi (sortu gabe)">Finis Gloriæ Mundi</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Aurach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Aurach (sortu gabe)">Georges Aurach</a>, <i>El Jardín de las Riquezas</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trimegisto" title="Hermes Trimegisto">Hermes Trismegisto</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabla_de_esmeralda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabla de esmeralda (sortu gabe)">Tabla de esmeralda</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Instrucción de un Padre a su Hijo acerca del Árbol Solar</i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Le_Tesson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Le Tesson (sortu gabe)">Jacques Le Tesson</a>, <i>La Obra del León Verde</i>.</li> <li><i>La Clavícula edo La Clave Universal</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimundus_Lullus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimundus Lullus (sortu gabe)">Raimundus Lullus</a>-i atxikia).</li> <li>Le Crom, <i>Tratado de la Sal de los Filósofos</i>.</li> <li><i>Libro de Picatrix</i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucas_Jennis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucas Jennis (sortu gabe)">Lucas Jennis</a>, <i>Musaeum hermeticum</i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Maier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Maier (sortu gabe)">Michael Maier</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atalanta_Fugiens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atalanta Fugiens (sortu gabe)">Atalanta Fugiens</a></i>; <i>Scrutinium Chymicum</i>; <i>Septimana Philosophica</i>; <i>Arcana Arcanissima</i>; <i>Viatorum</i>; <i>Lusus Scrius</i>; <i>Symbola Aureæ</i>; <i>Themis Aurea edo De Circulo Physico Cuadrato</i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sendivogius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Sendivogius (sortu gabe)">Michael Sendivogius</a>, <i>Carta Filosófica</i>; <i>Novum Lumen Chymicum</i>; <i>Dialogus Mercurii</i>; <i>Tractatus de Sulphure</i>; <i>Ænigma Philosphicum</i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Flamel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Flamel (sortu gabe)">Nicholas Flamel</a>, <i>El Libro de las Figuras Jeroglíficas</i>; <i>El Deseo Deseado</i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Valensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Valensis (sortu gabe)">Roberto Valensis</a>, <i>La Gloria del Mundo edo La Tabla del Paraíso</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>, <i>Speculum Alchemiæ</i> (<i>Alkimiaren ispilua</i>); <i>Alchemia Major</i>; <i>De Ione Viridi</i>; <i>Breviaram de dono Dei</i>; <i>Secretm secretorum</i>; <i>Epístolæ de secretis operibus artis et naturæ ac mullitate magiæ</i>.</li> <li><i>Rosarium philosophorum</i>.</li> <li><i>Speculum veritatis</i>.</li> <li><i>Splendor Solis</i>.</li> <li>Stolcius von Stolcenberg, <i>Vyridarium Chymicum</i>.</li> <li>Teofrasto <a href="/wiki/Parazeltso" title="Parazeltso">Paracelso</a>, <i>Opera Omnia</i>; <i>De Natura Rerum Libri Novem</i>; <i>Thesaurus Thesaurorum Alchimistorum</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimisten_altxorren_altxorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkimisten altxorren altxorra (sortu gabe)">Alkimisten altxorren altxorra</a>)</i></li> <li><i>Theatrum chemicum</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antzerki_kimikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antzerki kimikoa (sortu gabe)">Antzerki kimikoa</a></i>), Berpizkundeko alkimia tratatuen bilduma.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Akinokoa" title="Tomas Akinokoa">Tomas Akinokoa</a>, <i>Aurora Consurgens</i>; <i>Tratado de la Piedra Filosofal</i>; <i>Tratado sobre el Arte de la Alquimia</i>.</li> <li><i>Tratado del Secreto del Arte Filosófico: <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Arqueta_del_Peque%C3%B1o_Campesino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Arqueta del Pequeño Campesino (sortu gabe)">La Arqueta del Pequeño Campesino</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turba_philosophorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turba philosophorum (sortu gabe)">Turba philosophorum</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valent%C3%ADn_Andreae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentín Andreae (sortu gabe)">Valentín Andreae</a>, <i>Las Bodas Químicas Christian Rosenkreutz-ena</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkimia_herritar_kulturan">Alkimia herritar kulturan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Alkimia herritar kulturan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Alkimia herritar kulturan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Alchemical_Laboratory_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Alchemical_Laboratory_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14218.jpg/277px-Alchemical_Laboratory_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14218.jpg" decoding="async" width="277" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Alchemical_Laboratory_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14218.jpg/416px-Alchemical_Laboratory_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Alchemical_Laboratory_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14218.jpg/554px-Alchemical_Laboratory_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Alkimia-laborategi bat, <i>Alkimiaren historia eta kimikaren hastapenak</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>  Hainbat idazlek alkimisten figura erasotu zuten satiraren bidez. Bi adibide klasiko dira: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, <i>The Canon´s Yeoman´s Prologue and Tale</i> (1380 k.). Bertan, protagonista Canterburyra bidean doan alkimista bat da eta urre eta zilarrez estaliko duela dio.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>, <i>Alkimista</i> (1610 k.). Bost aktoetan zatituriko obra honetan, pertsonaiek alkimia tailer bat sortzen dute jendeari iruzur egiteko.</li></ul> <p>  Obra berriagotan, alkimistak mago eta sorgin bezala adierazten dira, argi erromantiko eta mistiko batekin: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <i>Ekaitza</i> (1611). Alkimiaren eragin esanguratsua duen obra, alkimiaren imajinagintza anitz agertzen da eta, Prospero mago arketipikoaren paperan.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a></i> (1818). Victor Frankenstein doktoreak zientzia modernoaz gain, alkimia ere erabiltzen du munstroa sortzeko orduan.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Odoevsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Odoevsky (sortu gabe)">Vladimir Odoevsky</a>, Salamandra (1828).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>, <i>Fausto</i> liburuaren bigarren zatia (1832). Wagnerrek, Faustoren morroiak, alkimiaren bitartez homunkulo bat sortzen du.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <i>La Recherche de l'absolu</i> (1834).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antal_Szerb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antal Szerb (sortu gabe)">Antal Szerb</a>, <i>A Pendragon legenda</i> (1934).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel Garcia Marquez</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cien_a%C3%B1os_de_soledad" title="Cien años de soledad">Cien años de soledad</a></i> (1967). Melquiades deituriko alkimista bat aurkitzen da nobelaren atmosfera surrealistean.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Watson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Watson (sortu gabe)">Ian Watson</a>, <i>The Gardens of Delight</i> (1980). Etorkizuneko alkimista batek, estralurtar boteretsu baten laguntzaz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Bosco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Bosco (sortu gabe)">El Bosco</a>ren <i>Atseginen baratzea</i> pinturan oinarritutako planeta bat eraikitzen du.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a> idazlearen <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mundodisco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mundodisco (sortu gabe)">Mundodisco</a></i>-ren nobela batzuetan (1983 - gaur egun) alkimista gremio bat agertzen da. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Men_at_arms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Men at arms (sortu gabe)">Men at arms</a></i> (1993) testuan paper garrantzitsua jokatzen dute.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Crowley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Crowley (sortu gabe)">John Crowley</a>, <i>Ægypt</i> (1987-2007). Dr. Dee, alkimia, astrologia eta magia sakonean tratatzen dituzten nobela errealista magikoak.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Coelho" title="Paulo Coelho">Paulo Coelho</a>, <i>Alkimista</i> (1988). Protagonistak alkimista bat ezagutzen du eta alkimiaren printzipioak ikasten ditu.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_pendolo_di_Foucault" title="Il pendolo di Foucault">Il pendolo di Foucault</a></i> (1988).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.K._Rowling" class="mw-redirect" title="J.K. Rowling">J.K. Rowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</a> (1997). Betan, Nicolas Flamel pertsonaia bezala agertzen da.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neal_Stephenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neal Stephenson (sortu gabe)">Neal Stephenson</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclo_Barroco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclo Barroco (sortu gabe)">Ciclo Barroco</a></i> (2003-2004). Alkimista imajinarioak eta errealak txertatzen ditu; hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Duillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Duillier (sortu gabe)">de Duillier</a> edota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enoch_Root&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enoch Root (sortu gabe)">Enoch Root</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiromu_Arakawa" title="Hiromu Arakawa">Hiromu Arakawa</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Full Metal Alchemist</a></i> (2001-2010). Autoreak alkimiaren printzipioak indarrean dauden mundu paralelo bat eraikitzen du.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2011/12/27 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alquimia&oldid=106362841"><i>Alquimia. </i></a> 2018-03-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-03-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Dictionnaire_des_termes_de_m%C3%A9decine_chi/uHZEAAAAcAAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=chrysop%C3%A9e+%CF%87%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%89&pg=PA155&printsec=frontcover">«Chrysopée»</a> <i>Dictionnaire des termes de médecine, chirurgie, art vétérinaire, pharmacie, histoire naturelle, botanique, physique, chimie, etc. </i> Baillière, Crevot, Béchet, 155 or.<span class="printonly"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Dictionnaire_des_termes_de_m%C3%A9decine_chi/uHZEAAAAcAAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=chrysop%C3%A9e+%CF%87%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%89&pg=PA155&printsec=frontcover">https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Dictionnaire_des_termes_de_m%C3%A9decine_chi/uHZEAAAAcAAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=chrysop%C3%A9e+%CF%87%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%89&pg=PA155&printsec=frontcover</a></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_3-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_3-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alquimia&oldid=106362841"><i>Alquimia. </i></a> 2018-03-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-03-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39689" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q39689">Q39689</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alchemy">Alchemy</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q39689%22">Q39689</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119308569">119308569</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119308569">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4127921-9">4127921-9</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85003265">sh85003265</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569397">00569397</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118340">ph118340</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300054588">300054588</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_Aragonesa" title="Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa">GEA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=742">742</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/008251">008251</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/alchemy">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000422">D000422</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39689" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q39689">Q39689</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alchemy">Alchemy</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q39689%22">Q39689</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alkimia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Navbox" title="Txantiloi:Navbox"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Navbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Navbox (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alkimia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alkimia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alkimista" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkimista">Alkimistak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Greko-Egipzirrak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandriako_Moises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandriako Moises (sortu gabe)">Alexandriako Moises</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleopatra_(alkimista)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleopatra (alkimista) (sortu gabe)"> Kleopatra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maria_Hebrearra" title="Maria Hebrearra">Maria Hebrearra</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pafnutia_birjina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pafnutia birjina (sortu gabe)">Pafnutia birjina</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panopoliseko_Teosebeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panopoliseko Teosebeia (sortu gabe)">Panopoliseko Teosebeia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panopoliseko_Zosimos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panopoliseko Zosimos (sortu gabe)">Panopoliseko Zosimos</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Demokrito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudo-Demokrito (sortu gabe)">Pseudo-Demokrito</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Bizantiarrak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estefano_Alexandriakoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estefano Alexandriakoa (sortu gabe)">Estefano Alexandriakoa</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olinpiodoro_gaztea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olinpiodoro gaztea (sortu gabe)">Olinpiodoro gaztea</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinesio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinesio (sortu gabe)">Sinesio</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Islamikoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abulkasis" title="Abulkasis">Abulkasis</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfidius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfidius (sortu gabe)">Alfidius</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jildaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jildaki (sortu gabe)">Al-Jildaki</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Simawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Simawi (sortu gabe)">Al-Simawi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Tugrai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Tugrai (sortu gabe)">Al-Tugrai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ar-Razi" title="Ar-Razi">Ar-Razi</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artefius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artefius (sortu gabe)">Artefius</a> · <a href="/wiki/Avizena" title="Avizena">Avizena</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Arfa%CA%BF_Ra%CA%BEs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs (sortu gabe)">Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Umayl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Umayl (sortu gabe)">Ibn Umayl</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Wahshiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Wahshiyya (sortu gabe)">Ibn Wahshiyya</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_Yazid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn Yazid (sortu gabe)">Khalid ibn Yazid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jabir ibn Hayyan</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maslama_al-Mayriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maslama al-Mayriti (sortu gabe)">Maslama al-Mayriti</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pikatrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pikatrix (sortu gabe)">Pikatrix</a>) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Apolonio_Tyanakoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudo-Apolonio Tyanakoa (sortu gabe)">pseudo-Apolonio Tyanakoa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Erdi Arokoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Norton_(alkimista)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Norton (alkimista) (sortu gabe)">Thomas Norton</a> ·</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Aro modernokoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Atwood" title="Mary Anne Atwood">Mary Anne Atwood</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Legendazkoak / Fikziozkoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trimegisto" title="Hermes Trimegisto">Hermes Trimegisto</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostanes (sortu gabe)">Ostanes</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Flamel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Flamel (sortu gabe)">Nicolas Flamel</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perenelle Flamel (sortu gabe)">Perenelle Flamel</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deabru_(Marvel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deabru (Marvel) (sortu gabe)">Deabru (Marvel)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Edward Elric</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Roy Mustang</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dokumentuak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dokumentuak (sortu gabe)">Dokumentuak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Lan nagusiak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atalanta_fugiens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atalanta fugiens (sortu gabe)">Atalanta fugiens</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_consurgens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurora consurgens (sortu gabe)">Aurora consurgens</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_de_compositione_alchemiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber de compositione alchemiae (sortu gabe)">Liber de compositione alchemiae</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_Umayl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muḥammad ibn Umayl (sortu gabe)">Ur zilartsu eta Lur izartsuaren Liburua (al-Mā’ al-Waraqî wa'l-Arḍ an-Najmīya)</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Errukiaren Liburu Handia (Kitāb al-Raḥma al-kabīr)</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Oreken Liburuak (Kutub al-Mawāzīn)</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirutasun_Santuaren_Liburua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirutasun Santuaren Liburua (sortu gabe)">Hirutasun Santuaren Liburua (Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit)</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Rosenkreutzen_Ezkontza_Kimikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Rosenkreutzen Ezkontza Kimikoa (sortu gabe)">Christian Rosenkreutzen Ezkontza Kimikoa</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artefius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artefius (sortu gabe)">Clavis sapientiae (Miftāḥ al-ḥikma)</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_consideratione_quintae_essentiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De consideratione quintae essentiae (sortu gabe)">De consideratione quintae essentiae</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Esmeraldazko_Taula" title="Esmeraldazko Taula">Esmeraldazko Taula</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leidengo_X_papiroa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leidengo X papiroa (sortu gabe)">Leidengo X papiroa</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_Hermetis_de_alchemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber Hermetis de alchemia (sortu gabe)">Hermesen Alkimia Liburua</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_ignium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber ignium (sortu gabe)">Liber ignium</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_lucis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber lucis (sortu gabe)">Liber lucis</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mappae_clavicula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mappae clavicula (sortu gabe)">Mappae clavicula</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speculum_Alchemiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speculum Alchemiae (sortu gabe)">Speculum Alchemiae</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutus_liber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mutus liber (sortu gabe)">Mutus liber</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nekazaritza_Nabatear_Liburua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nekazaritza Nabatear Liburua (sortu gabe)">Nekazaritza Nabatear Liburua (Kitāb al-Filāḥa al-Nabaṭiyya)</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Norton_(alkimista)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Norton (alkimista) (sortu gabe)">Alkimiako Ordinala</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis (sortu gabe)">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Demokrito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudo-Demokrito (sortu gabe)">Physika kai Mystika</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosarium_philosophorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosarium philosophorum (sortu gabe)">Rosarium philosophorum</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pikatrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pikatrix (sortu gabe)">Jakintsuaren Helburua (Ghāyat al-Ḥakīm)</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Hirurogeita hamar Liburuak (al-Kutub al-sabʿūn)</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kit%C4%81b_al-%CA%BFilal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitāb al-ʿilal (sortu gabe)">Sorkuntzaren Sekretua eta Naturaren Artea (Sirr al-khalīqa wa-ṣanʿat al-ṭabīʿa)</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretum_Secretorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretum Secretorum (sortu gabe)">Secretum Secretorum (Sirr al-asrār)</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Ar-Razi" title="Ar-Razi">Sekretuen sekretua (Sirr al-asrār)</a></i> (Ar-Razi) · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Splendor_solis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Splendor solis (sortu gabe)">Splendor solis</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summa_perfectionis_magisterii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Summa perfectionis magisterii (sortu gabe)">Summa perfectionis magisterii</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airearen_Errealitate_Ezkutuen_Susmoak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airearen Errealitate Ezkutuen Susmoak (sortu gabe)">Airearen Errealitate Ezkutuen Susmoak</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turba_philosophorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turba philosophorum (sortu gabe)">Turba philosophorum</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilio_Valentinen_Hamabi_Klabeak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilio Valentinen Hamabi Klabeak (sortu gabe)">Basilio Valentinen Hamabi Klabeak</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Bildumak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aureum_vellus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aureum vellus (sortu gabe)">Aureum vellus</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliotheca_chemica_curiosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliotheca chemica curiosa (sortu gabe)">Bibliotheca chemica curiosa</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_alchemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De alchemia (sortu gabe)">De alchemia</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsches_Theatrum_Chemicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum (sortu gabe)">Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasciculus_chemicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasciculus chemicus (sortu gabe)">Fasciculus chemicus</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musaeum_Hermeticum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musaeum Hermeticum (sortu gabe)">Musaeum Hermeticum</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatrum_chemicum_Britannicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatrum chemicum Britannicum (sortu gabe)">Theatrum chemicum Britannicum</a></i> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripus_aureus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripus aureus (sortu gabe)">Tripus aureus</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimiako_ikur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkimiako ikur (sortu gabe)">Alkimiako ikurrak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Elementuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementuak">Elementuak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ura" class="mw-redirect" title="Ura">Ura</a> (🜄) · <a href="/wiki/Sua" class="mw-redirect" title="Sua">Sua</a> (🜂) · <a href="/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra">Lurra</a> (🜃) · <a href="/wiki/Airea" class="mw-redirect" title="Airea">Airea</a> (🜁)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Metalak" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalak">Metalak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Berun" title="Berun">Beruna</a> (♄) · <a href="/wiki/Eztainu" title="Eztainu"> Eztainua</a> (♃) · <a href="/wiki/Eztainu" title="Eztainu"> Eztainua</a> (♃) · <a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">Burdina</a> (♂) · <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre"> Urrea</a> (☉) · <a href="/wiki/Kupre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupre"> Kuprea</a> (♀) · <a href="/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua)"> Merkurioa</a> (☿) · <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar"> Zilarra</a> (☽)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konposatuak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konposatuak (sortu gabe)">Konposatuak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ozpin" title="Ozpin">Ozpina</a>/<a href="/wiki/Azido" title="Azido">Azidoa</a> (🜊) · <a href="/wiki/Salammoniac" title="Salammoniac">Salammoniac</a> (🜹) · <a href="/wiki/Azido_nitriko" title="Azido nitriko"> Aqua fortis (azido nitrikoa)</a> (🜅) · <a href="/wiki/Errege_ur" title="Errege ur">Aqua regia (Errege ura)</a> (🜆) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur_izpiritu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ur izpiritu (sortu gabe)">Aqua vita (Ardo izpiritua)</a> (🜈) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalgama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalgama (sortu gabe)">Amalgama</a> (🝛) · <a href="/wiki/Zinabrio" title="Zinabrio"> Zinabrioa (merkurio sulfidoa)</a> (🜓) · <a href="/wiki/Sulfato_ferroso" title="Sulfato ferroso">Sulfato ferrosoa</a> (⚨) · <a href="/wiki/Ozpin" title="Ozpin">Ozpin destilatua</a> (🜋) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitriol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitriol (sortu gabe)"> Bitrioloa (sulfatoak)</a> (🜖) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azufre_beltza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azufre beltza (sortu gabe)">Azufre beltza</a> (🜏)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prozesuak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prozesuak (sortu gabe)">Prozesuak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaltzinazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaltzinazio (sortu gabe)">Kaltzinazioa</a> (♈︎) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izozketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izozketa (sortu gabe)">Izozketa</a> (♉︎) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finkapena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finkapena (sortu gabe)">Finkapena</a> (♊︎) · <a href="/wiki/Disoluzio" title="Disoluzio">Disoluzioa</a> (♋︎) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digestio_(alkimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digestio (alkimia) (sortu gabe)">Digestioa</a> (♌︎) · <a href="/wiki/Destilazio" title="Destilazio"> Destilazioa</a> (♍︎) · <a href="/wiki/Sublimazio" title="Sublimazio">Sublimazioa</a> (♎︎) · <a href="/wiki/Banaketa_prozesu" title="Banaketa prozesu"> Banaketa</a> (♏︎) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zerazio (sortu gabe)">Zerazioa</a> (♐︎) · <a href="/wiki/Hartzidura" title="Hartzidura">Hartzidura</a>/<a href="/wiki/Usteltze" title="Usteltze">Usteltzea</a> (♑︎) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikoizketa_(alkimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bikoizketa (alkimia) (sortu gabe)">Bikoizketa</a> (♒︎) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proiekzio_(alkimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proiekzio (alkimia) (sortu gabe)">Proiekzioa</a> (♓︎) · <a href="/wiki/Chrysopoeia" title="Chrysopoeia">Chrysopoeia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Unitate" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Unitate">Unitateak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hilabete" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilabete">Hilabetea</a> (🝱) · <a href="/wiki/Egun" title="Egun">Eguna</a> (🝰) · <a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Ordua</a> (🝮) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dragma_(unitatea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragma (unitatea) (sortu gabe)">Dragma</a> (ʒ) · <a href="/wiki/Ontza_(unitatea)" title="Ontza (unitatea)">Ontza</a> (℥) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskrupulu_(unitatea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskrupulu (unitatea) (sortu gabe)"> Eskrupulua</a> (℈) · <a href="/wiki/Libra_(masa_unitatea)" title="Libra (masa unitatea)">Libra</a> (℔)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Besteak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prima_materia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prima materia (sortu gabe)">Prima materia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebis (sortu gabe)"> Rebisa</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnum_opus_(alkimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnum opus (alkimia) (sortu gabe)">Magnum opus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Filosofoen_harri" title="Filosofoen harri">Filosofoen harria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alanbike" title="Alanbike">Alanbikea</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atanore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atanore (sortu gabe)"> Atanorea</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia_txinatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkimia txinatar (sortu gabe)">Alkimia txinatarra</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takwin (sortu gabe)">Takwin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Golem" title="Golem">Golem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bizitzaren_elixir" title="Bizitzaren elixir">Bizitzaren elixir</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homunkulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homunkulu (sortu gabe)">Homunkulu</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iliaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iliaster (sortu gabe)">Iliaster</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iatrokimika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iatrokimika (sortu gabe)">Iatrokimika</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See \u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetak\u003E.");});</script><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&oldid=9064264">https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&oldid=9064264</a>"(e)tik eskuratuta</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Kategoriak" title="Berezi:Kategoriak">Kategoriak</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Arabiar_jatorriko_hitzak" title="Kategoria:Arabiar jatorriko hitzak">Arabiar jatorriko hitzak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kimika" title="Kategoria:Kimika">Kimika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Esoterismoa" title="Kategoria:Esoterismoa">Esoterismoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zientziaren_historia" title="Kategoria:Zientziaren historia">Zientziaren historia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Erdi_Aroko_zientzia" title="Kategoria:Erdi Aroko zientzia">Erdi Aroko zientzia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pseudozientzia" title="Kategoria:Pseudozientzia">Pseudozientzia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ezkutuko kategoriak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hezkuntza_Programako_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak">Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hezkuntza_Programa/Fisika_eta_Kimika" title="Kategoria:Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika">Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Testuan_arabiera_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Testuan arabiera duten artikuluak">Testuan arabiera duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Lur_entziklopedietatik_osatu_diren_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Lur entziklopedietatik osatu diren artikuluak">Lur entziklopedietatik osatu diren artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:GEA_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:GEA identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:GEA identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Orriaren azken aldaketa: 19 urria 2022, 17:21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Testua <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu">Creative Commons Aitortu-PartekatuBerdin 4.0 lizentziari</a> jarraituz erabil daiteke; baliteke beste klausularen batzuk ere aplikatu behar izatea. Xehetasunen berri izateko, ikus <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">erabilera-baldintzak</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pribazitate politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Wikipediari_buruz">Wikipediari buruz</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Erantzukizunen_mugaketa_orokorra">Lege oharra</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Garatzaileak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/eu.wikipedia.org">Estatistikak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie adierazpena</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkimia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mugikorreko bista</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-rjgvs","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.456","walltime":"0.855","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2577,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":66490,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4926,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":14679,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":12,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 515.061 1 -total"," 71.03% 365.846 1 Txantiloi:Autoritate_kontrola"," 9.87% 50.841 1 Txantiloi:HezkuntzaPrograma"," 9.20% 47.410 1 Txantiloi:Top_icon"," 8.69% 44.765 1 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia_zerrenda"," 8.26% 42.555 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler"," 7.55% 38.894 3 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia"," 7.11% 36.633 1 Txantiloi:Alkimia"," 6.85% 35.292 6 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia/oinarria"," 6.00% 30.911 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler/numbered"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.286","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4920523,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-745f94f9f8-c8tsw","timestamp":"20241119224346","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Alkimia","url":"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alkimia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39689","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39689","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-12-06T17:03:28Z","dateModified":"2022-10-19T16:21:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/40\/Raimundus_Lullus_alchemic_page.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>