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Hinkov</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Georgi Hinkov"> <meta name="keywords" content="Georgi Hinkov"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Georgi Hinkov"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Georgi Hinkov</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Study on the Presence of Protozoal Coinfections among Patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Bulgaria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Tsvetkova">Nina Tsvetkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rumen%20Harizanov"> Rumen Harizanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandra%20Ivanova"> Aleksandra Ivanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iskra%20Rainova"> Iskra Rainova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Yancheva-Petrova"> Nina Yancheva-Petrova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Strashimirov"> Dimitar Strashimirov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raina%20Enikova"> Raina Enikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihaela%20Videnova"> Mihaela Videnova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleonora%20Kaneva"> Eleonora Kaneva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iskren%20Kaftandjiev"> Iskren Kaftandjiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktoria%20Levterova"> Viktoria Levterova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Simeonovski"> Ivan Simeonovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolay%20Yanev"> Nikolay Yanev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Hinkov"> Georgi Hinkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) and protozoan of the genera Acanthamoeba, Cryptosporidium, and Toxoplasma gondii are opportunistic pathogens that can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Aim of the study was to evaluate the coinfection rate with opportunistic protozoal agents among Bulgarian patients diagnosed with P. jirovecii pneumonia. Thirty-eight pulmonary samples were collected from 38 patients (28 HIV-infected) with P. jirovecii infection. P. jirovecii DNA was detected by real-time PCR targeting the large mitochondrial subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Acanthamoeba was determined by genus-specific conventional PCR assay. Real-time PCR for the detection of a Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium DNA fragment was used. Pneumocystis DNA was detected in all 38 specimens; 28 (73.7%) were from HIV-infected patients. Three (10,7%) of them were co-infected with T. gondii and 1 (3.6%) with Cryptosporidium. In the group of non-HIV-infected (n=10), Cryptosporidium DNA was detected in an infant (10%). Acanthamoeba DNA was not found in the tested samples. The current study showed a relatively low rate of coinfections of Cryptosporidium spp./T. gondii and P. jirovecii in the Bulgarian patients studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coinfection" title="coinfection">coinfection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opportunistic%20protozoal%20agents" title=" opportunistic protozoal agents"> opportunistic protozoal agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pneumocystis%20jirovecii" title=" Pneumocystis jirovecii"> Pneumocystis jirovecii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20infections" title=" pulmonary infections"> pulmonary infections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151450/study-on-the-presence-of-protozoal-coinfections-among-patients-with-pneumocystis-jirovecii-pneumonia-in-bulgaria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Software Improvements of the Accuracy in the Air-Electronic Measurement Systems for Geometrical Dimensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslav%20H.%20Hristov">Miroslav H. Hristov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Velizar%20A.%20Vassilev"> Velizar A. Vassilev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20K.%20Dukendjiev"> Georgi K. Dukendjiev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the constant development of measurement systems and the aim for computerization, unavoidable improvements are made for the main disadvantages of air gauges. With the appearance of the air-electronic measuring devices, some of their disadvantages are solved. The output electrical signal allows them to be included in the modern systems for measuring information processing and process management. Producer efforts are aimed at reducing the influence of supply pressure and measurement system setup errors. Increased accuracy requirements and preventive error measures are due to the main uses of air electronic systems - measurement of geometric dimensions in the automotive industry where they are applied as modules in measuring systems to measure geometric parameters, form, orientation and location of the elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-electronic" title="air-electronic">air-electronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20parameters" title=" geometrical parameters"> geometrical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement%20systems" title=" measurement systems"> measurement systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82283/software-improvements-of-the-accuracy-in-the-air-electronic-measurement-systems-for-geometrical-dimensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Discovering the Dimension of Abstractness: Structure-Based Model that Learns New Categories and Categorizes on Different Levels of Abstraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20I.%20Petkov">Georgi I. Petkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20I.%20Vankov"> Ivan I. Vankov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yolina%20A.%20Petrova"> Yolina A. Petrova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A structure-based model of category learning and categorization at different levels of abstraction is presented. The model compares different structures and expresses their similarity implicitly in the forms of mappings. Based on this similarity, the model can categorize different targets either as members of categories that it already has or creates new categories. The model is novel using two threshold parameters to evaluate the structural correspondence. If the similarity between two structures exceeds the higher threshold, a new sub-ordinate category is created. Vice versa, if the similarity does not exceed the higher threshold but does the lower one, the model creates a new category on higher level of abstraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analogy-making" title="analogy-making">analogy-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=categorization" title=" categorization"> categorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20of%20categories" title=" learning of categories"> learning of categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abstraction" title=" abstraction"> abstraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20structure" title=" hierarchical structure"> hierarchical structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94222/discovering-the-dimension-of-abstractness-structure-based-model-that-learns-new-categories-and-categorizes-on-different-levels-of-abstraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Analysis of the Performance of a Solar Water Heating System with Flat Collector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Vendramin">Georgi Vendramin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurea%20L%C3%BAcia"> Aurea Lúcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamamoto"> Yamamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Itsuo"> Carlos Itsuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camargo%20Nogueira"> Camargo Nogueira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Eduardo"> Carlos Eduardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenz"> Lenz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20Miguel"> Anderson Miguel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souza%20Melegari"> Souza Melegari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20N."> Samuel N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal performance of a solar water heating with 1.00 m2 flat plate collectors in Cascavel-PR, is which presented in this article, paper presents the solution to leverage the marketing of solar heating systems through detailed constituent materials of the solar collector studies, these abundant materials in construction, such as expanded polyethylene, PVC, aluminum and glass tubes, mixing them with new materials to minimize loss of efficiency while decreasing its cost. The system was tested during months and the collector obtained maximum recorded temperature of outlet fluid of 55 °C, while the maximum temperature of the water at the bottom of the hot water tank was 35 °C. The average daily energy collected was 19 6 MJ/d; the energy supplied by the solar plate was 16.2 MJ/d; the loss in the feed pipe was 3.2 MJ/d; the solar fraction was 32.2%, the efficiency of the collector was 45.6% and the efficiency of the system was 37.8%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling%20materials" title="recycling materials">recycling materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20water%20heating%20system" title=" solar water heating system"> solar water heating system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18285/analysis-of-the-performance-of-a-solar-water-heating-system-with-flat-collector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Gabriel Mtsire’s "The Golden Spring" and Its Primary Sources, Textual and Content Changes Based on Cultural Development in the Context of the 4th-20th Centuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Kalandadze">Georgi Kalandadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For studying the development of world civilizations, textual sources that have undergone textological and worldview changes are of great importance. The conference will discuss the collection of the XVIII century "The Golden Spring", compiled by Gabriel Mtsire, which includes texts of John Chrysostom. John Chrysostom lived in the 4th century and his writings correspond to the culture of readers of that time. In the 10th-11th centuries, the works of John Chrysostom were translated into Georgian by Euthymius of Athos. These texts correspond to the requirements of the Georgian society of the 10th-11th centuries. In the 18th century, Gabriel Mtsire collected and edited these texts to make them more understandable to his modern readers. In the 20th century, these texts were again adapted. Thus, the present study provides an opportunity to evaluate and outline the linguistic and content transformation process of the same work over 16 centuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gabriel%20mtsire" title="gabriel mtsire">gabriel mtsire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=john%20chrysostom" title=" john chrysostom"> john chrysostom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euthymius%20the%20athonite" title=" euthymius the athonite"> euthymius the athonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20golden%20spring" title=" the golden spring"> the golden spring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166769/gabriel-mtsires-the-golden-spring-and-its-primary-sources-textual-and-content-changes-based-on-cultural-development-in-the-context-of-the-4th-20th-centuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Role-Governed Categorization and Category Learning as a Result from Structural Alignment: The RoleMap Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yolina%20A.%20Petrova">Yolina A. Petrova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20I.%20Petkov"> Georgi I. Petkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a symbolic model for category learning and categorization (called <em>RoleMap</em>). Unlike the other models which implement learning in a separate working mode, role-governed category learning and categorization emerge in <em>RoleMap</em> while it does its usual reasoning. The model is based on several basic mechanisms known as reflecting the sub-processes of analogy-making. It steps on the assumption that in their everyday life people constantly compare what they experience and what they know. Various commonalities between the incoming information (current experience) and the stored one (long-term memory) emerge from those comparisons. Some of those commonalities are considered to be highly important, and they are transformed into concepts for further use. This process denotes the category learning. When there is missing knowledge in the incoming information (i.e. the perceived object is still not recognized), the model makes anticipations about what is missing, based on the similar episodes from its long-term memory. Various such anticipations may emerge for different reasons. However, with time only one of them wins and is transformed into a category member. This process denotes the act of categorization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analogy-making" title="analogy-making">analogy-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=categorization" title=" categorization"> categorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=category%20learning" title=" category learning"> category learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20modeling" title=" cognitive modeling"> cognitive modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=role-governed%20categories" title=" role-governed categories"> role-governed categories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94200/role-governed-categorization-and-category-learning-as-a-result-from-structural-alignment-the-rolemap-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Proposal of Optimality Evaluation for Quantum Secure Communication Protocols by Taking the Average of the Main Protocol Parameters: Efficiency, Security and Practicality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Bebrov">Georgi Bebrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozalina%20Dimova"> Rozalina Dimova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of quantum secure communication, there is no evaluation that characterizes quantum secure communication (QSC) protocols in a complete, general manner. The current paper addresses the problem concerning the lack of such an evaluation for QSC protocols by introducing an optimality evaluation, which is expressed as the average over the three main parameters of QSC protocols: efficiency, security, and practicality. For the efficiency evaluation, the common expression of this parameter is used, which incorporates all the classical and quantum resources (bits and qubits) utilized for transferring a certain amount of information (bits) in a secure manner. By using criteria approach whether or not certain criteria are met, an expression for the practicality evaluation is presented, which accounts for the complexity of the QSC practical realization. Based on the error rates that the common quantum attacks (Measurement and resend, Intercept and resend, probe attack, and entanglement swapping attack) induce, the security evaluation for a QSC protocol is proposed as the minimum function taken over the error rates of the mentioned quantum attacks. For the sake of clarity, an example is presented in order to show how the optimality is calculated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20cryptography" title="quantum cryptography">quantum cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20secure%20communcation" title=" quantum secure communcation"> quantum secure communcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20secure%20direct%20communcation%20security" title=" quantum secure direct communcation security"> quantum secure direct communcation security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20secure%20direct%20communcation%20efficiency" title=" quantum secure direct communcation efficiency"> quantum secure direct communcation efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20secure%20direct%20communcation%20practicality" title=" quantum secure direct communcation practicality"> quantum secure direct communcation practicality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104501/proposal-of-optimality-evaluation-for-quantum-secure-communication-protocols-by-taking-the-average-of-the-main-protocol-parameters-efficiency-security-and-practicality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Alumina Supported Cu-Mn-La Catalysts for CO and VOCs Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20N.%20Kolentsova">Elitsa N. Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Y.%20Dimitrov"> Dimitar Y. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petya%20Cv.%20Petrova"> Petya Cv. Petrova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20V.%20Avdeev"> Georgi V. Avdeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20D.%20Nihtianova"> Diana D. Nihtianova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20I.%20Ivanov"> Krasimir I. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20T.%20Tabakova"> Tatyana T. Tabakova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, copper and manganese-containing systems are recognized as active and selective catalysts in many oxidation reactions. The main idea of this study is to obtain more information about γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>supported Cu-La catalysts and to evaluate their activity to simultaneous oxidation of CO, CH<sub>3</sub>OH and dimethyl ether (DME). The catalysts were synthesized by impregnation of support with a mixed aqueous solution of nitrates of copper, manganese and lanthanum under different conditions. XRD, HRTEM/EDS, TPR and thermal analysis were performed to investigate catalysts’ bulk and surface properties. The texture characteristics were determined by Quantachrome Instruments NOVA 1200e specific surface area and pore analyzer. The catalytic measurements of single compounds oxidation were carried out on continuous flow equipment with a four-channel isothermal stainless steel reactor in a wide temperature range. On the basis of XRD analysis and HRTEM/EDS, it was concluded that the active component of the mixed Cu-Mn-La/γ–alumina catalysts strongly depends on the Cu/Mn molar ratio and consisted of at least four compounds – CuO, La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MnO<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. A homogeneous distribution of the active component on the carrier surface was found. The chemical composition strongly influenced catalytic properties. This influence was quite variable with regards to the different processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-Mn-La%20oxide%20catalysts" title="Cu-Mn-La oxide catalysts">Cu-Mn-La oxide catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20oxide" title=" carbon oxide"> carbon oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOCs" title=" VOCs"> VOCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20oxidation" title=" deep oxidation"> deep oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52487/alumina-supported-cu-mn-la-catalysts-for-co-and-vocs-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Medicinal Plants: An Antiviral Depository with Complex Mode of Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Todorov">Daniel Todorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Hinkov"> Anton Hinkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petya%20Angelova"> Petya Angelova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalina%20Shishkova"> Kalina Shishkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venelin%20Tsvetkov"> Venelin Tsvetkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stoyan%20Shishkov"> Stoyan Shishkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human herpes viruses (HHV) are ubiquitous pathogens with a pandemic spread across the globe. HHV type 1 is the main causative agent of cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth and on the face, whereas HHV type 2 is generally responsible for genital herpes outbreaks. The treatment of both viruses is more or less successful with antivirals from the nucleoside analogues group. Their wide application increasingly leads to the emergence of resistant mutants In the past, medicinal plants have been used to treat a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Their diversity and ability to produce the vast variety of secondary metabolites according to the characteristics of the environment give them the potential to help us in our warfare with viral infections. The variable chemical characteristics and complex composition is an advantage in the treatment of herpes since the emergence of resistant mutants is significantly complicated. The screening process is difficult due to the lack of standardization. That is why it is especially important to follow the mechanism of antiviral action of plants. On the one hand, it may be expected to interact with its compounds, resulting in enhanced antiviral effects, and the most appropriate environmental conditions can be chosen to maximize the amount of active secondary metabolites. During our study, we followed the activity of various plant extracts on the viral replication cycle as well as their effect on the extracellular virion. We obtained our results following the logical sequence of the experimental settings - determining the cytotoxicity of the extracts, evaluating the overall effect on viral replication and extracellular virion.During our research, we have screened a variety of plant extracts for their antiviral activity against both virus replication and the virion itself. We investigated the effect of the extracts on the individual stages of the viral replication cycle - viral adsorption, penetration and the effect on replication depending on the time of addition. If there are positive results in the later experiments, we had studied the activity over viral adsorption, penetration and the effect of replication according to the time of addition. Our results indicate that some of the extracts from the Lamium album have several targets. The first stages of the viral life cycle are most affected. Several of our active antiviral agents have shown an effect on extracellular virion and adsorption and penetration processes. Our research over the last decade has shown several curative antiviral plants - some of which are from the Lamiacea family. The rich set of active ingredients of the plants in this family makes them a good source of antiviral preparation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20herpes%20virus" title="human herpes virus">human herpes virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiviral%20activity" title=" antiviral activity"> antiviral activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamium%20album" title=" Lamium album"> Lamium album</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepeta%20nuda" title=" Nepeta nuda"> Nepeta nuda</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90194/medicinal-plants-an-antiviral-depository-with-complex-mode-of-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Towards a Sustainable Energy Future: Method Used in Existing Buildings to Implement Sustainable Energy Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Vendramin">Georgi Vendramin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurea%20L%C3%BAcia"> Aurea Lúcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamamoto"> Yamamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Itsuo"> Carlos Itsuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souza%20Melegari"> Souza Melegari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Samuel"> N. Samuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article describes the development of a model that uses a method where openings are represented by single glass and double glass. The model is based on a healthy balance equations purely theoretical and empirical data. Simplified equations are derived through a synthesis of the measured data obtained from meteorological stations. The implementation of the model in a design tool integrated buildings is discussed in this article, to better punctuate the requirements of comfort and energy efficiency in architecture and engineering. Sustainability, energy efficiency, and the integration of alternative energy systems and concepts are beginning to be incorporated into designs for new buildings and renovations to existing buildings. Few means have existed to effectively validate the potential performance benefits of the design concepts. It was used a method of degree-days for an assessment of the energy performance of a building showed that the design of the architectural design should always be considered the materials used and the size of the openings. The energy performance was obtained through the model, considering the location of the building Central Park Shopping Mall, in the city of Cascavel - PR. Obtained climatic data of these locations and in a second step, it was obtained the coefficient of total heat loss in the building pre-established so evaluating the thermal comfort and energy performance. This means that the more openings in buildings in Cascavel – PR, installed to the east side, they may be higher because the glass added to the geometry of architectural spaces will cause the environment conserve energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design" title="sustainable design">sustainable design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20modeling" title=" energy modeling"> energy modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20validation" title=" design validation"> design validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree-days%20methods" title=" degree-days methods"> degree-days methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11925/towards-a-sustainable-energy-future-method-used-in-existing-buildings-to-implement-sustainable-energy-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Alumina Supported Copper-manganese Catalysts for Combustion of Exhaust Gases: Catalysts Characterization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20I.%20Ivanov">Krasimir I. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20N.%20Kolentsova"> Elitsa N. Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Y.%20Dimitrov"> Dimitar Y. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20V.%20Avdeev"> Georgi V. Avdeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20T.%20Tabakova"> Tatyana T. Tabakova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent research copper and manganese systems were found to be the most active in CO and organic compounds oxidation among the base catalysts. The mixed copper manganese oxide has been widely studied in oxidation reactions because of their higher activity at low temperatures in comparison with single oxide catalysts. The results showed that the formation of spinel CuxMn3−xO4 in the oxidized catalyst is responsible for the activity even at room temperature. That is why most of the investigations are focused on the hopcalite catalyst (CuMn2O4) as the best copper-manganese catalyst. Now it’s known that this is true only for CO oxidation, but not for mixture of CO and VOCs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the alumina supported copper-manganese catalysts with different Cu/Mn molar ratio in terms of oxidation of CO, methanol and dimethyl ether. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation of γ-Al2O3 with copper and manganese nitrates and the catalytic activity measurements were carried out in continuous flow equipment with a four-channel isothermal stainless steel reactor. Gas mixtures on the input and output of the reactor were analyzed with a gas chromatograph, equipped with FID and TCD detectors. The texture characteristics were determined by low-temperature (- 196 oС) nitrogen adsorption in a Quantachrome Instruments NOVA 1200e (USA) specific surface area&pore analyzer. Thermal, XRD and TPR analyses were performed. It was established that the active component of the mixed Cu-Mn/γ–alumina catalysts strongly depends on the Cu/Mn molar ratio. Highly active alumina supported Cu-Mn catalysts for CO, methanol and DME oxidation were synthesized. While the hopcalite is the best catalyst for CO oxidation, the best compromise for simultaneous oxidation of all components is the catalyst with Cu/Mn molar ratio 1:5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supported%20copper-manganese%20catalysts" title="supported copper-manganese catalysts">supported copper-manganese catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO" title=" CO"> CO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOCs%20oxidation" title=" VOCs oxidation"> VOCs oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20of%20exhaust%20gases" title=" combustion of exhaust gases"> combustion of exhaust gases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23639/alumina-supported-copper-manganese-catalysts-for-combustion-of-exhaust-gases-catalysts-characterization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Structure-Activity Relationship of Gold Catalysts on Alumina Supported Cu-Ce Oxides for CO and Volatile Organic Compound Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20T.%20Tabakova">Tatyana T. Tabakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20N.%20Kolentsova"> Elitsa N. Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Y.%20Dimitrov"> Dimitar Y. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20I.%20Ivanov"> Krasimir I. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yordanka%20G.%20Karakirova"> Yordanka G. Karakirova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petya%20Cv.%20Petrova"> Petya Cv. Petrova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20V.%20Avdeev"> Georgi V. Avdeev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The catalytic oxidation of CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is considered as one of the most efficient ways to reduce harmful emissions from various chemical industries. The effectiveness of gold-based catalysts for many reactions of environmental significance was proven during the past three decades. The aim of this work was to combine the favorable features of Au and Cu-Ce mixed oxides in the design of new catalytic materials of improved efficiency and economic viability for removal of air pollutants in waste gases from formaldehyde production. Supported oxides of copper and cerium with Cu: Ce molar ratio 2:1 and 1:5 were prepared by wet impregnation of g-alumina. Gold (2 wt.%) catalysts were synthesized by a deposition-precipitation method. Catalysts characterization was carried out by texture measurements, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The catalytic activity in the oxidation of CO, CH<sub>3</sub>OH and (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O was measured using continuous flow equipment with fixed bed reactor. Both Cu-Ce/alumina samples demonstrated similar catalytic behavior. The addition of gold caused significant enhancement of CO and methanol oxidation activity (100 % degree of CO and CH<sub>3</sub>OH conversion at about 60 and 140 <sup>o</sup>C, respectively). The composition of Cu-Ce mixed oxides affected the performance of gold-based samples considerably. Gold catalyst on Cu-Ce/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1:5 exhibited higher activity for CO and CH<sub>3</sub>OH oxidation in comparison with Au on Cu-Ce/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 2:1. The better performance of Au/Cu-Ce 1:5 was related to the availability of highly dispersed gold particles and copper oxide clusters in close contact with ceria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%20and%20VOCs%20oxidation" title="CO and VOCs oxidation">CO and VOCs oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20oxide" title=" copper oxide"> copper oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceria" title=" Ceria"> Ceria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20catalysts" title=" gold catalysts"> gold catalysts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68871/structure-activity-relationship-of-gold-catalysts-on-alumina-supported-cu-ce-oxides-for-co-and-volatile-organic-compound-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Cable De-Commissioning of Legacy Accelerators at CERN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adya%20Uluwita">Adya Uluwita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Pedrosa"> Fernando Pedrosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Georgiev"> Georgi Georgiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Bernard"> Christian Bernard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raoul%20Masterson"> Raoul Masterson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CERN is an international organisation funded by 23 countries that provide the particle physics community with excellence in particle accelerators and other related facilities. Founded in 1954, CERN has a wide range of accelerators that allow groundbreaking science to be conducted. Accelerators bring particles to high levels of energy and make them collide with each other or with fixed targets, creating specific conditions that are of high interest to physicists. A chain of accelerators is used to ramp up the energy of particles and eventually inject them into the largest and most recent one: the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Among this chain of machines is, for instance the Proton Synchrotron, which was started in 1959 and is still in operation. These machines, called "injectors”, keep evolving over time, as well as the related infrastructure. Massive decommissioning of obsolete cables started in 2015 at CERN in the frame of the so-called "injectors de-cabling project phase 1". Its goal was to replace aging cables and remove unused ones, freeing space for new cables necessary for upgrades and consolidation campaigns. To proceed with the de-cabling, a project co-ordination team was assembled. The start of this project led to the investigation of legacy cables throughout the organisation. The identification of cables stacked over half a century proved to be arduous. Phase 1 of the injectors de-cabling was implemented for 3 years with success after overcoming some difficulties. Phase 2, started 3 years later, focused on improving safety and structure with the introduction of a quality assurance procedure. This paper discusses the implementation of this quality assurance procedure throughout phase 2 of the project and the transition between the two phases. Over hundreds of kilometres of cable were removed in the injectors complex at CERN from 2015 to 2023. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de-cabling" title=" de-cabling"> de-cabling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injectors" title=" injectors"> injectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance%20procedure" title=" quality assurance procedure"> quality assurance procedure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187307/cable-de-commissioning-of-legacy-accelerators-at-cern" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Relation of Optimal Pilot Offsets in the Shifted Constellation-Based Method for the Detection of Pilot Contamination Attacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitriya%20A.%20Mihaylova">Dimitriya A. Mihaylova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zlatka%20V.%20Valkova-Jarvis"> Zlatka V. Valkova-Jarvis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20L.%20Iliev"> Georgi L. Iliev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One possible approach for maintaining the security of communication systems relies on Physical Layer Security mechanisms. However, in wireless time division duplex systems, where uplink and downlink channels are reciprocal, the channel estimate procedure is exposed to attacks known as pilot contamination, with the aim of having an enhanced data signal sent to the malicious user. The <em>Shifted</em> <em>2-N-PSK</em> method involves two random legitimate pilots in the training phase, each of which belongs to a constellation, shifted from the original N-PSK symbols by certain degrees. In this paper, legitimate pilots’ offset values and their influence on the detection capabilities of the <em>Shifted</em> <em>2-N-PSK</em> method are investigated. As the implementation of the technique depends on the relation between the shift angles rather than their specific values, the optimal interconnection between the two legitimate constellations is investigated. The results show that no regularity exists in the relation between the pilot contamination attacks (PCA) detection probability and the choice of offset values. Therefore, an adversary who aims to obtain the exact offset values can only employ a brute-force attack but the large number of possible combinations for the shifted constellations makes such a type of attack difficult to successfully mount. For this reason, the number of optimal shift value pairs is also studied for both 100% and 98% probabilities of detecting pilot contamination attacks. Although the <em>Shifted</em> <em>2-N-PSK</em> method has been broadly studied in different signal-to-noise ratio scenarios, in multi-cell systems the interference from the signals in other cells should be also taken into account. Therefore, the inter-cell interference impact on the performance of the method is investigated by means of a large number of simulations. The results show that the detection probability of the <em>Shifted 2-N-PSK</em> decreases inversely to the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20estimation" title="channel estimation">channel estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-cell%20interference" title=" inter-cell interference"> inter-cell interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilot%20contamination%20attacks" title=" pilot contamination attacks"> pilot contamination attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20communications" title=" wireless communications"> wireless communications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81729/relation-of-optimal-pilot-offsets-in-the-shifted-constellation-based-method-for-the-detection-of-pilot-contamination-attacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Agent-Based Modeling Investigating Self-Organization in Open, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Y.%20Georgiev">Georgi Y. Georgiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Brouillet"> Matthew Brouillet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research applies the power of agent-based modeling to a pivotal question at the intersection of biology, computer science, physics, and complex systems theory about the self-organization processes in open, complex, non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems. Central to this investigation is the principle of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP). This principle suggests that such systems evolve toward states that optimize entropy production, leading to the formation of structured environments. It is hypothesized that guided by the least action principle, open thermodynamic systems identify and follow the shortest paths to transmit energy and matter, resulting in maximal entropy production, internal structure formation, and a decrease in internal entropy. Concurrently, it is predicted that there will be an increase in system information as more information is required to describe the developing structure. To test this, an agent-based model is developed simulating an ant colony's formation of a path between a food source and its nest. Utilizing the Netlogo software for modeling and Python for data analysis and visualization, self-organization is quantified by calculating the decrease in system entropy based on the potential states and distribution of the ants within the simulated environment. External entropy production is also evaluated for information increase and efficiency improvements in the system's action. Simulations demonstrated that the system begins at maximal entropy, which decreases as the ants form paths over time. A range of system behaviors contingent upon the number of ants are observed. Notably, no path formation occurred with fewer than five ants, whereas clear paths were established by 200 ants, and saturation of path formation and entropy state was reached at populations exceeding 1000 ants. This analytical approach identified the inflection point marking the transition from disorder to order and computed the slope at this point. Combined with extrapolation to the final path entropy, these parameters yield important insights into the eventual entropy state of the system and the timeframe for its establishment, enabling the estimation of the self-organization rate. This study provides a novel perspective on the exploration of self-organization in thermodynamic systems, establishing a correlation between internal entropy decrease rate and external entropy production rate. Moreover, it presents a flexible framework for assessing the impact of external factors like changes in world size, path obstacles, and friction. Overall, this research offers a robust, replicable model for studying self-organization processes in any open thermodynamic system. As such, it provides a foundation for further in-depth exploration of the complex behaviors of these systems and contributes to the development of more efficient self-organizing systems across various scientific fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-organization" title=" self-organization"> self-organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent%20based%20modelling" title=" agent based modelling"> agent based modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174837/agent-based-modeling-investigating-self-organization-in-open-non-equilibrium-thermodynamic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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