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<span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_engineering_anti-patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_engineering_anti-patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Software engineering anti-patterns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Software_engineering_anti-patterns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Software engineering anti-patterns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Software_engineering_anti-patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Big_ball_of_mud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Big_ball_of_mud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Big ball of mud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Big_ball_of_mud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Project_management_anti-patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_management_anti-patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Project management anti-patterns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_management_anti-patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-What_supports_what" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_supports_what"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>What supports what</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-What_supports_what-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-pattern</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="نموذج مضاد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نموذج مضاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="এন্টি-প্যাটার্ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এন্টি-প্যাটার্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipatr%C3%B3_de_disseny" title="Antipatró de disseny – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antipatró de disseny" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1vrhov%C3%BD_antivzor" title="Návrhový antivzor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Návrhový antivzor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Pattern" title="Anti-Pattern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anti-Pattern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipatr%C3%B3n_de_dise%C3%B1o" title="Antipatrón de diseño – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antipatrón de diseño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipattern" title="Antipattern – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antipattern" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%8B%B0%ED%8C%A8%ED%84%B4" title="안티패턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안티패턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiobrazac" title="Antiobrazac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antiobrazac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern" title="Anti-pattern – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anti-pattern" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiexemplar" title="Antiexemplar – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antiexemplar" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiminta" title="Antiminta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antiminta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipatroon" title="Antipatroon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antipatroon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%91%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="アンチパターン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンチパターン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antywzorzec_projektowy" title="Antywzorzec projektowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antywzorzec projektowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipadr%C3%A3o" title="Antipadrão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antipadrão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern" title="Anti-pattern – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Anti-pattern" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern" title="Anti-pattern – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anti-pattern" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Антипаттерн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антипаттерн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-uzor" title="Anti-uzor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anti-uzor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisuunnittelumalli" title="Antisuunnittelumalli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antisuunnittelumalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antim%C3%B6nster" title="Antimönster – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antimönster" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Антипатерн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антипатерн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A2%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="反面模式 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反面模式" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anti-patterns" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76438" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common response to a recurring problem that is usually ineffective or counterproductive</div> <p>An <b>anti-pattern</b> in <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Business_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Business processes">business processes</a> is a common response to a recurring problem that is usually ineffective and risks being highly counterproductive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudgen2003225_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudgen2003225-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbler19984_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbler19984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term, coined in 1995 by computer programmer <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Koenig_(programmer)" title="Andrew Koenig (programmer)">Andrew Koenig</a>, was inspired by the book <i><a href="/wiki/Design_Patterns" title="Design Patterns">Design Patterns</a></i> (which highlights a number of <a href="/wiki/Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">design patterns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a> that its authors considered to be highly reliable and effective) and first published in his article in the <i>Journal of Object-Oriented Programming</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further paper in 1996 presented by Michael Ackroyd at the Object World West Conference also documented anti-patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was, however, the 1998 book <i><a href="/wiki/AntiPatterns" title="AntiPatterns">AntiPatterns</a></i> that both popularized the idea and extended its scope beyond the field of software design to include software architecture and project management.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other authors have extended it further since to encompass environmental, organizational, and cultural anti-patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20115_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20115-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the authors of <i>Design Patterns</i>, there are two key elements to an anti-pattern that distinguish it from a bad habit, bad practice, or bad idea: </p> <ol><li>The anti-pattern is a commonly-used process, structure or pattern of action that, despite initially appearing to be an appropriate and effective response to a problem, has more bad consequences than good ones.</li> <li>Another solution exists to the problem the anti-pattern is attempting to address. This solution is documented, repeatable, and proven to be effective where the anti-pattern is not.</li></ol> <p>A guide to what is commonly used is a "rule-of-three" similar to that for patterns: to be an anti-pattern it must have been witnessed occurring at least three times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20116_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20116-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Documenting anti-patterns can be an effective way to analyze a problem space and to capture expert knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimenez2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimenez2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While some anti-pattern descriptions merely document the adverse consequences of the pattern, good anti-pattern documentation also provides an alternative, or a means to ameliorate the anti-pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemeyer2008102_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemeyer2008102-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_engineering_anti-patterns">Software engineering anti-patterns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Software engineering anti-patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In software engineering, anti-patterns include the <b>big ball of mud</b> (lack of) design, the <a href="/wiki/God_object" title="God object">god object</a> (where a single <a href="/wiki/Class_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class (programming)">class</a> handles all control in a <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a> rather than control being distributed across multiple classes), <a href="/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)" title="Magic number (programming)">magic numbers</a> (unique values with an unexplained meaning or multiple occurrences which could be replaced with a named constant), and <a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(computer_programming)" title="Poltergeist (computer programming)">poltergeists</a> (ephemeral controller classes that only exist to invoke other methods on classes).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemeyer2008102_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemeyer2008102-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Big_ball_of_mud">Big ball of mud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Big ball of mud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This indicates a <a href="/wiki/Software_system" title="Software system">software system</a> that lacks a perceivable architecture. Although undesirable from a software engineering point of view, such systems are common in practice due to business pressures, developer <a href="/wiki/Turnover_(employment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnover (employment)">turnover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Software_entropy" class="mw-redirect" title="Software entropy">code entropy</a>. </p><p>The term was popularized in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Foote_(computer_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Foote (computer scientist) (page does not exist)">Brian Foote</a> and Joseph Yoder's 1997 paper of the same name, which defines the term: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>A Big Ball of Mud is a haphazardly structured, sprawling, sloppy, duct-tape-and-baling-wire, <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti-code" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaghetti-code">spaghetti-code</a> jungle. These systems show unmistakable signs of unregulated growth, and repeated, expedient repair. Information is shared promiscuously among distant elements of the system, often to the point where nearly all the important information becomes global or duplicated. </p><p>The overall structure of the system may never have been well defined. </p><p>If it was, it may have eroded beyond recognition. Programmers with a shred of architectural sensibility shun these quagmires. Only those who are unconcerned about architecture, and, perhaps, are comfortable with the inertia of the day-to-day chore of patching the holes in these failing dikes, are content to work on such systems. </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Brian Foote and Joseph Yoder, <i>Big Ball of Mud.</i> Fourth Conference on Patterns Languages of Programs (PLoP '97/EuroPLoP '97) Monticello, Illinois, September 1997</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Foote and Yoder have credited Brian Marick as the originator of the "big ball of mud" term for this sort of architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_management_anti-patterns">Project management anti-patterns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Project management anti-patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Project management anti-patterns included in the <i>Antipatterns</i> book include: </p> <ul><li>Blowhard Jamboree (an excess of industry pundits)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analysis_paralysis" title="Analysis paralysis">Analysis paralysis</a></li> <li>Viewgraph Engineering (too much time spent making presentations and not enough on the actual software)</li> <li>Death by Planning (similarly, too much planning)</li> <li>Fear of Success (irrational fears near to project completion)</li> <li>The Corncob (difficulties with people)</li> <li>Intellectual Violence (intimidation through use of jargon or arcane technology)</li> <li>Irrational Management (bad management habits)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_and_mirrors" title="Smoke and mirrors">Smoke and Mirrors</a> (excessive use of demos and prototypes by salespeople)</li> <li>Throw It Over the Wall (forcing fad software engineering practices onto developers without buy-in)</li> <li>Fire Drill (long periods of monotony punctuated by short crises)</li> <li>The Feud (conflicts between managers)</li> <li>e-mail Is Dangerous (situations resulting from ill-advised e-mail messages).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20115_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20115-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_smell" title="Code smell">Code smell</a> – Computer programming characteristic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_smell" title="Design smell">Design smell</a> – Term in computer programming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_pattern" title="Dark pattern">Dark pattern</a> – Deceptive user interface designs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_development_philosophies" title="List of software development philosophies">List of software development philosophies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis" title="List of tools for static code analysis">List of tools for static code analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_rot" title="Software rot">Software rot</a> – Process of software deterioration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_Peter_principle" title="Software Peter principle">Software Peter principle</a> – Engineering term for a complex, failing project</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capability_Immaturity_Model" title="Capability Immaturity Model">Capability Immaturity Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards_28000%E2%80%9329999" title="List of ISO standards 28000–29999">ISO/IEC 29110</a>: Software Life Cycle Profiles and Guidelines for Very Small Entities (VSEs)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Innovator%27s_Dilemma" title="The Innovator's Dilemma">The Innovator's Dilemma</a> – 1997 book by Clayton M. Christensen</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="What_supports_what">What supports what</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: What supports what"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudgen2003225-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudgen2003225_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudgen2003">Budgen 2003</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbler19984-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbler19984_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmbler1998">Ambler 1998</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20114_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeillLaplanteDeFranco2011">Neill, Laplante & DeFranco 2011</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20115-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20115_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20115_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeillLaplanteDeFranco2011">Neill, Laplante & DeFranco 2011</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20116-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeillLaplanteDeFranco20116_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeillLaplanteDeFranco2011">Neill, Laplante & DeFranco 2011</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJimenez2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJimenez2006_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJimenez2006">Jimenez 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemeyer2008102-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemeyer2008102_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemeyer2008102_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemeyer2008">Demeyer 2008</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFooteYoder1999" class="citation web cs1">Foote, Brian; Yoder, Joseph (26 June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laputan.org/mud/mud.html#BigBallOfMud">"Big Ball of Mud"</a>. <i>laputan.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laputan.org&rft.atitle=Big+Ball+of+Mud&rft.date=1999-06-26&rft.aulast=Foote&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Yoder%2C+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laputan.org%2Fmud%2Fmud.html%23BigBallOfMud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeillLaplanteDeFranco2011" class="citation book cs1">Neill, Colin J.; Laplante, Philip A.; DeFranco, Joanna F. (2011). <i>Antipatterns: Managing Software Organizations and People</i>. Applied Software Engineering Series (second ed.). CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439862162" title="Special:BookSources/9781439862162"><bdi>9781439862162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antipatterns%3A+Managing+Software+Organizations+and+People&rft.series=Applied+Software+Engineering+Series&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781439862162&rft.aulast=Neill&rft.aufirst=Colin+J.&rft.au=Laplante%2C+Philip+A.&rft.au=DeFranco%2C+Joanna+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBudgen2003" class="citation book cs1">Budgen, D. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bnY3vb606bAC&q=%22anti-pattern%22+date:1990-2003&pg=PA225"><i>Software design</i></a>. Harlow, Eng.: Addison-Wesley. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-72219-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-72219-4"><bdi>0-201-72219-4</bdi></a>. <q>As described in Long (2001), design anti-patterns are 'obvious, but wrong, solutions to recurring problems'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Software+design&rft.place=Harlow%2C+Eng.&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-201-72219-4&rft.aulast=Budgen&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbnY3vb606bAC%26q%3D%2522anti-pattern%2522%2Bdate%3A1990-2003%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmbler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Ambler" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott W. Ambler">Ambler, Scott W.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qJJk2yEeoZoC&q=%22anti-pattern%22+date:1990-2001&pg=PA4"><i>Process patterns: building large-scale systems using object technology</i></a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64568-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64568-9"><bdi>0-521-64568-9</bdi></a>. <q>...common approaches to solving recurring problems that prove to be ineffective. These approaches are called antipatterns.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Process+patterns%3A+building+large-scale+systems+using+object+technology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-64568-9&rft.aulast=Ambler&rft.aufirst=Scott+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqJJk2yEeoZoC%26q%3D%2522anti-pattern%2522%2Bdate%3A1990-2001%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJimenez2006" class="citation web cs1">Jimenez, Edward (2006-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antipatterns.com/EdJs_Paper/Antipatterns.html">"AntiPatterns"</a>. <i>AntiPatterns</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AntiPatterns&rft.atitle=AntiPatterns&rft.date=2006-04-24&rft.aulast=Jimenez&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantipatterns.com%2FEdJs_Paper%2FAntipatterns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDemeyer2008" class="citation book cs1">Demeyer, Serge (2008). "ObjectOriented Reengineering". In Mens, Tom; Demeyer, Serge (eds.). <i>Software Evolution</i>. Springer Science + Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540764403" title="Special:BookSources/9783540764403"><bdi>9783540764403</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ObjectOriented+Reengineering&rft.btitle=Software+Evolution&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%2B+Business+Media&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9783540764403&rft.aulast=Demeyer&rft.aufirst=Serge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-pattern&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoenig1995" class="citation journal cs1">Koenig, Andrew (March–April 1995). "Patterns and Antipatterns". <i>Journal of Object-Oriented Programming</i>. <b>8</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">46–</span>48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Object-Oriented+Programming&rft.atitle=Patterns+and+Antipatterns&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=1995-03%2F1995-04&rft.aulast=Koenig&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Later re-printed in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRising,_Linda1998" class="citation book cs1">Rising, Linda (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HBAuixGMYWEC&q=0-521-64818-1&pg=PT1"><i>The patterns handbook: techniques, strategies, and applications</i></a>. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 387. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64818-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64818-1"><bdi>0-521-64818-1</bdi></a>. <q>An antipattern is just like a pattern, except that instead of a solution it gives something that looks superficially like a solution, but isn't one.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+patterns+handbook%3A+techniques%2C+strategies%2C+and+applications&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=387&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-64818-1&rft.au=Rising%2C+Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHBAuixGMYWEC%26q%3D0-521-64818-1%26pg%3DPT1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaplanteNeill2005" class="citation book cs1">Laplante, Phillip A.; Neill, Colin J. (2005). <i>Antipatterns: Identification, Refactoring and Management</i>. Auerbach Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-2994-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-2994-9"><bdi>0-8493-2994-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antipatterns%3A+Identification%2C+Refactoring+and+Management&rft.pub=Auerbach+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-2994-9&rft.aulast=Laplante&rft.aufirst=Phillip+A.&rft.au=Neill%2C+Colin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrownMalveauMcCormickThomas2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, William J.; Malveau, Raphael C.; McCormick, Hays W.; Thomas, Scott W. (2000). Hudson, Theresa Hudson (ed.). <i>Anti-Patterns in Project Management</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-36366-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-36366-9"><bdi>0-471-36366-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anti-Patterns+in+Project+Management&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-471-36366-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Malveau%2C+Raphael+C.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Hays+W.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Scott+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStamelos2010" class="citation journal cs1">Stamelos, Ioannis (January 2010). "Software project management anti-patterns". <i>Journal of Systems and Software</i>. <b>83</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">52–</span>59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jss.2009.09.016">10.1016/j.jss.2009.09.016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Systems+and+Software&rft.atitle=Software+project+management+anti-patterns&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jss.2009.09.016&rft.aulast=Stamelos&rft.aufirst=Ioannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-pattern" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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