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mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh-mo"><span>資助維基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-mo" title="我們建議您建立賬號並登入，但並非必要"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>建立帳號</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-mo" title="建議您登入，儘管並非必須。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登入</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="了解更多有關編輯"><span>了解更多</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="由此 IP 位址編輯的清單[y]" accesskey="y"><span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="對於來自此IP地址編輯的討論[n]" accesskey="n"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">模式種</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 46 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipespesie" title="Tipespesie – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tipespesie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="نوع نمطي – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوع نمطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipik_n%C3%B6v" title="Tipik növ – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tipik növ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Тыпавы від – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тыпавы від" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="टाइप प्रजाति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टाइप प्रजाति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipska_vrsta" title="Tipska vrsta – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tipska vrsta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cie_tipus" title="Espècie tipus – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espècie tipus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typov%C3%BD_druh" title="Typový druh – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Typový druh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%81" title="Курăмлă тĕс – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Курăмлă тĕс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Type species" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipo-specio" title="Tipo-specio – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tipo-specio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie_tipo" title="Especie tipo – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Especie tipo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espezie_tipo" title="Espezie tipo – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espezie tipo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="گونه نماد – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گونه نماد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyyppilaji" title="Tyyppilaji – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tyyppilaji" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce_type" title="Espèce type – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espèce type" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especie_tipo" title="Especie tipo – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Especie tipo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="प्रकार जाति – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रकार जाति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipi%C4%8Dna_vrsta" title="Tipična vrsta – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tipična vrsta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADpusfaj" title="Típusfaj – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Típusfaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typo_specie" title="Typo specie – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Typo specie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies_tipe" title="Spesies tipe – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spesies tipe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebbangan-kita" title="Sebbangan-kita – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sebbangan-kita" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_tipo" title="Serie tipo – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Serie tipo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%8B%9D%EC%A2%85" title="모식종 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모식종" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Away%C3%AA_curey%C3%AA" title="Awayê cureyê – 庫德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Awayê cureyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typus_generis" title="Typus generis – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Typus generis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipisk%C4%81_suga" title="Tipiskā suga – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tipiskā suga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Типски вид – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Типски вид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies_jenis" title="Spesies jenis – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spesies jenis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="အမျိုးအစား မျိုးစိတ် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမျိုးအစား မျိုးစိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesoort" title="Typesoort – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Typesoort" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatunek_typowy" title="Gatunek typowy – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gatunek typowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie-tipo" title="Espécie-tipo – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espécie-tipo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie_tip" title="Specie tip – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Specie tip" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Типовой вид – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Типовой вид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipska_vrsta" title="Tipska vrsta – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tipska vrsta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Type species" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipska_vrsta" title="Tipska vrsta – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tipska vrsta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Типска врста – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Типска врста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மாதிரி இனங்கள் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாதிரி இனங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A" title="ชนิดต้นแบบ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนิดต้นแบบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip_t%C3%BCr" title="Tip tür – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tip tür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Типовий вид – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Типовий вид" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%A0i_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_h%C3%ACnh" title="Loài điển hình – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Loài điển hình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4%CD%98-sek_ch%C3%A9ng" title="Bô͘-sek chéng – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bô͘-sek chéng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q252730#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="編輯跨語言連結" class="wbc-editpage">編輯連結</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hant-MO" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE" title="瀏覽條目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>條目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cygnus_cygnus_EM1B8407_%2833625656403%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-Cygnus_cygnus_EM1B8407_%2833625656403%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cygnus_cygnus_EM1B8407_%2833625656403%29_%282%29.jpg/440px-Cygnus_cygnus_EM1B8407_%2833625656403%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2411" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%85" title="大天鵝">大天鵝</a>（<i>Cygnus cygnus</i>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%85%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="天鵝屬">天鵝屬</a>（<i>Cygnus</i>）的模式種</figcaption></figure> <p><b>模式種</b>（英語：<span lang="en">type species</span> 或 species typica），<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分類學">生物分類學</a>術語，又稱<b>屬型種</b>或<b>屬模</b><sup id="cite_ref-昆虫学名词_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-昆虫学名词-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，指建立某個新<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E" title="屬">屬</a>時所依據的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物種">種</a>，即該屬的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="载名模式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Name-bearing type"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="載名模式（頁面不存在）">載名種</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name-bearing_type" class="extiw" title="en:Name-bearing type"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Name-bearing type</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-昆虫学名词_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-昆虫学名词-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。類似的概念用於超屬群體，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%B1%9E" title="模式屬">模式屬</a> (type genus)。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>與之近似的術語有：代表種<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（representative species）、特徵種<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（characteristic species）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節：定義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當學者命名一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E" title="屬">屬</a>時，需要指定一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物種">種</a>作為成立該屬的依據，而被指定的種即為該屬的模式種，代表了該屬的生物學特徵。例如在2009年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>植物學家列昂尼德·弗拉基米羅維奇·阿韋里亞諾夫（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁轉寫">拉丁轉寫</a>：Leonid Vladimirovich Averyanov）根據採集自<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>的新種<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E7%A7%91" title="蘭科">蘭科植物</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%82%E5%94%87%E6%97%A9%E7%94%B0%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裂唇早田蘭（頁面不存在）">裂唇早田蘭</a>（後命名為「<i>Hayata glandulifera</i>」），擬新增一新屬：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E7%94%B0%E8%98%AD%E5%B1%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早田蘭屬（頁面不存在）">早田蘭屬</a>（<i>Hayata</i>）；阿韋里亞諾夫指定以<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>植物學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E7%94%B0%E6%96%87%E8%97%8F" title="早田文藏">早田文藏</a>（拉丁轉寫：Hayata Bunzō）所命名的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E7%BA%BF%E6%9F%B1%E5%85%B0" title="東部線柱蘭">東部線柱蘭</a>（<i>Zeuxine tabiyahanensis</i>）作為該屬的模式種<sup id="cite_ref-Hayata1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayata1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，並以「Hayata」命名該屬，以紀念早田文藏。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節：參見"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科學命名術語表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Glossary of scientific naming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科學命名術語表（頁面不存在）">科學命名術語表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_scientific_naming" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of scientific naming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of scientific naming</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因模式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Genetypes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因模式（頁面不存在）">基因模式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetypes" class="extiw" title="en:Genetypes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetypes</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E6%A0%87%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="模式標本">模式標本</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="基因序列">基因序列</a>數據）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%A8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="正模">正模</a>與<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="副模" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Paratype"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%AF%E6%A8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="副模（頁面不存在）">副模</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratype" class="extiw" title="en:Paratype"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paratype</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模式化法則" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Principle of Typification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模式化法則（頁面不存在）">模式化法則</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_Typification" class="extiw" title="en:Principle of Typification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Principle of Typification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模式 (生物學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Type (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模式 (生物學)（頁面不存在）">模式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Type (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Type (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%B1%9E" title="模式屬">模式屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="模式生物">模式生物</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節：參考文獻"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/48px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/64px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:生物學">生物學主題</a></span></li></ul></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-昆虫学名词-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-昆虫学名词_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-昆虫学名词_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">昆蟲學名詞審定委員會 (編). 昆虫学名词. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="科學出版社">科學出版社</a>. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-03-008691-4" title="Special:網絡書源/978-7-03-008691-4"><span title="國際標準書號">ISBN</span> 978-7-03-008691-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&rft.au=%E6%98%86%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E5%AE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%E6%98%86%E8%99%AB%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-03-008691-4&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/word/251265/1">屬模</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210812201053/https://www.termonline.cn/word/251265/1">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/word/251148/1">模式種</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211023164723/https://www.termonline.cn/word/251148/1">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>））<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（簡體中文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">Article 63. Name-bearing types</a>. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023]</span>. <q>The name-bearing type of a nominal family-group taxon is a nominal genus called the "type genus"; the family-group name is based upon that of the type genus</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&rft.atitle=Article+63.+Name-bearing+types&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Commission+on+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iczn.org%2Fthe-code%2Fthe-code-online%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/word/321846/1#s1">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-07-24</span>]</span>. （原始內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230724033939/https://www.termonline.cn/word/321846/1#s1">存檔</a>於2023-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2Fword%2F321846%2F1%23s1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/word/327057/1#s1">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-07-24</span>]</span>. （原始內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230724033939/https://www.termonline.cn/word/327057/1#s1">存檔</a>於2023-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%A8%AE&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2Fword%2F327057%2F1%23s1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayata1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hayata1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/taiwania/pdf/tai.2009.54.4.311.pdf">Averyanov. 2009.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140913063906/http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/taiwania/pdf/tai.2009.54.4.311.pdf">頁面存檔備份</a>，存於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互聯網檔案館">互聯網檔案館</a>）, 1916年早田文藏發表於《臺灣植物圖譜》第六冊: <i>Zeuxine tabiyahanensis</i> Hayata; 同時該屬還包括了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>的特有種 <i>Hayata sherriffii</i>（N. 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