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font-size:115%; border:none; background-color:#ffffff;"><tbody><tr><td align="left" style="line-height:135%; text:#731c2c; vertical-align:middle;"><center style="margin-top: -20px;"><a href="/Public_policy_in_Maryland" title="Public policy in Maryland"><img alt="Public Policy Logo-one line.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/41/Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png/250px-Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="43" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/41/Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png/375px-Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/41/Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png/500px-Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="162" /></a><span style="position:relative; top:12.5px;"><span style="font-size:150%;"><b>in <a href="/Public_policy_in_Maryland" title="Public policy in Maryland"> Maryland</a></b></span><span style="position:relative; top:-1px;"></span></span></center></td></tr><tr><td><div class="bp-dropdown-menu centered"> <p><small> </small></p><small> <ul><li><b>Fiscal</b> <ul><li><a href="/Budget_Policy" title="Budget Policy"><b>Budgets</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Maryland_state_budget_and_finances" title="Maryland state budget and finances">Maryland state budget and finances</a></li> <li><a href="/Tax_policy_in_Maryland" title="Tax policy in Maryland">Tax policy in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Finance_Policy" title="Finance Policy"><b>Finance</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Financial_regulation_in_Maryland" title="Financial regulation in Maryland">Financial regulation in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Pension_Policy" title="Pension Policy"><b>Pensions</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Public_pensions_in_Maryland" title="Public pensions in Maryland">Public pensions in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Pension_health_in_Maryland" title="Pension health in Maryland">Pension health in Maryland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Civil_Liberties_Policy" title="Civil Liberties Policy"><b>Civil liberties</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Affirmative_action_in_Maryland" title="Affirmative action in Maryland">Affirmative action in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Campaign_finance_requirements_in_Maryland" title="Campaign finance requirements in Maryland">Campaign finance requirements in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Campaign_finance_requirements_for_Maryland_ballot_measures" title="Campaign finance requirements for Maryland ballot measures">Campaign finance requirements for Maryland ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/Nonprofit_regulation_in_Maryland" title="Nonprofit regulation in Maryland">Nonprofit regulation in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Education_Policy" title="Education Policy"><b>Education</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Charter_schools_in_Maryland" title="Charter schools in Maryland">Charter schools in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Higher_education_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Maryland">Higher education in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Public_education_in_Maryland" title="Public education in Maryland">Public education in Maryland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">School choice in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Election_Policy" title="Election Policy"><b>Elections</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Portal:Ballot_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Ballot Access">Ballot access</a> <ul><li><a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_candidates_in_Maryland" title="Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Maryland">Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_political_parties_in_Maryland" title="Ballot access requirements for political parties in Maryland">Ballot access requirements for political parties in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Political_parties_in_Maryland" title="Political parties in Maryland">Political parties in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_Maryland" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Maryland">Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Redistricting_in_Maryland" title="Redistricting in Maryland">Redistricting in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Voting_in_Maryland" title="Voting in Maryland">Voting in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/Energy_Policy" title="Energy Policy">Energy</a> and <a href="/Environmental_Policy" title="Environmental Policy">Environment</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/Energy_policy_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy in Maryland">Energy policy in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Fracking_in_Maryland" title="Fracking in Maryland">Fracking in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Oil_and_gas_extraction_on_federal_land_in_Maryland" title="Oil and gas extraction on federal land in Maryland">Oil and gas extraction on federal land in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Endangered_species_in_Maryland" title="Endangered species in Maryland">Endangered species in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Maryland" title="Environmental policy in Maryland">Environmental policy in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Healthcare_Policy" title="Healthcare Policy"><b>Healthcare</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_Maryland" title="Healthcare policy in Maryland">Healthcare policy in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Medicaid_spending_in_Maryland" title="Medicaid spending in Maryland">Medicaid spending in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Effect_of_the_Affordable_Care_Act_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Effect of the Affordable Care Act in Maryland">Effect of the Affordable Care Act in Maryland</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/Immigration_Policy" title="Immigration Policy">Immigration</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/Immigration_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration in Maryland">Immigration in Maryland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </small><p><small></small> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <p><a href="/File:BP-Initials-UPDATED.png" class="image"><img alt="BP-Initials-UPDATED.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0c/BP-Initials-UPDATED.png/35px-BP-Initials-UPDATED.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="24" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0c/BP-Initials-UPDATED.png/53px-BP-Initials-UPDATED.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0c/BP-Initials-UPDATED.png/70px-BP-Initials-UPDATED.png 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="675" /></a> <i>This article does not contain the most recently published data on this subject. If you would like to help our coverage grow, consider <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">donating</a> to Ballotpedia.</i> </p> <hr /> <table style="width:200px; background:#F8F8F8; border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#70ae43; padding-top: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size:120%; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;">School choice </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Education_Policy" title="Education Policy"><img alt="Education Policy Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/8/82/Education_Policy_Logo.png/200px-Education_Policy_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="87" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/8/82/Education_Policy_Logo.png/300px-Education_Policy_Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/8/82/Education_Policy_Logo.png/400px-Education_Policy_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="300" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#70ae43; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /><a href="/School_choice_in_the_United_States" title="School choice in the United States">School choice in the U.S.</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><a href="/Education_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Education policy in the United States">Education policy in the U.S.</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><a href="/Public_education_in_the_United_States" title="Public education in the United States">Public education in the U.S</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><a href="/List_of_education_statistics_tables" title="List of education statistics tables">Education statistics</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><a href="/Higher_education_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education by state">Higher education by state</a><hr style="height:3px; background-color:#70ae43; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; line-height:125%;"><small><a href="/School_Boards_and_School_Board_Elections" title="School Boards and School Board Elections"> School board elections portal </a><br /><a href="/Glossary_of_education_terms" title="Glossary of education terms">Glossary of education terms</a><br /><a href="/School_choice_on_the_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="School choice on the ballot">School choice on the ballot</a><br /><a href="/Education_on_the_ballot" title="Education on the ballot">Education on the ballot</a></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="background-color:#E0EEDB; padding:0.8em 0.8em; border:1px solid #A3B1BF; line-height:135%; font-size: 80%;"><b>Note:</b> If you notice an an error, please <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:editor@ballotpedia.org">contact us</a>.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="float:right; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; ; max-width:200px;" class="toclimit-3"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Educational_choice_options"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Educational choice options</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Charter_schools"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Charter schools</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Magnet_schools"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Magnet schools</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Open_enrollment_policies"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Open enrollment policies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Private_schools"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Private schools</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Homeschooling"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Homeschooling</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Online_learning"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Online learning</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Financial_assistance"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Financial assistance</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#School_vouchers"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">School vouchers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue_(2020)"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</i> (2020)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Studies_and_reports"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Studies and reports</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#School_choice_ballot_measures"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">School choice ballot measures</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#School_choice_legislation"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">School choice legislation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Recent_news"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Recent news</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p><br /> <b><a href="/School_choice" class="mw-redirect" title="School choice">School choice</a></b> is a term that refers to programs offering alternatives to assigned local public school options. Public school choice options include open enrollment policies, <a href="/Magnet_schools" title="Magnet schools">magnet schools</a>, and <a href="/Charter_schools" title="Charter schools">charter schools</a>. Other options include <a href="/School_vouchers" title="School vouchers">school vouchers</a>, scholarship tax credits, and education savings accounts (ESAs).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </p> <div style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #E5E5E5; background: #fbfbfb;"> <div style="padding: .5em 1em 0.3em; font-size: 90%; width: 100%; color:#202020;"> <b>HIGHLIGHTS</b></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li> According to the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, a charter school advocacy group, there were an estimated 50 total charter schools in Maryland in the 2015-2016 school year. These schools enrolled approximately 19,000 students. </li></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>In Maryland, there were 143,530 students enrolled in 770 private schools in fall 2013, accounting for roughly 14.66 percent of the state's total school-age population. </li></div><div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>The Maryland General Assembly enacted a <a href="/School_voucher" class="mw-redirect" title="School voucher">school voucher</a> program for low-income students in March 2016. </li></div></div> <p>Proponents argue that school choice programs improve educational outcomes by expanding opportunity and access for historically disadvantaged students. In addition, advocates claim that school choice programs empower parents and improve traditional public schools through competition. Critics contend that these programs divert funds from traditional public schools, thereby generating unequal outcomes for students. In addition, some critics argue that school voucher programs wrongly direct tax dollars to religious organizations, which operate many private schools. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Educational_choice_options">Educational choice options</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Number_of_schools_by_school_type_in_the_U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="Number of schools by school type in the U.S.">Number of schools by school type in the United States</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Charter_schools">Charter schools</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Charter_schools_in_Maryland" title="Charter schools in Maryland">Charter schools in Maryland</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/Charter_schools" title="Charter schools">Charter schools</a> are public schools operated independently of the public school system, either by nonprofit or for-profit organizations. Although they are publicly funded, charter schools are exempt from many of the requirements imposed by state and local boards of education regarding hiring and curriculum. As public schools, charter schools cannot charge tuition or impose special entrance requirements; students are typically admitted through a lottery process if demand exceeds the number of spaces available in a school. Generally speaking, charter schools receive a percentage of per-pupil funds from state and local boards of education for operational costs based on enrollment. In most states, they do not receive funds for facilities or start-up costs; therefore, they must rely to some extent on private donations. The federal government also provides revenues through special grants.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/National_Alliance_for_Public_Charter_Schools" title="National Alliance for Public Charter Schools">National Alliance for Public Charter Schools</a>, a charter school advocacy group, there were an estimated 50 total charter schools in Maryland in the 2015-2016 school year. These schools enrolled approximately 19,000 students. Overall, charter school students accounted for 2.17 percent of total public school enrollment in Maryland in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:center; margin:auto; width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;">Charter schools, 2015-2016 </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">State </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Total number of charter schools </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Estimated enrollment </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Percentage of total public school enrollment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Charter_schools_in_Maryland" title="Charter schools in Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td>50</td> <td>19,000</td> <td>2.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Charter_schools_in_Delaware" title="Charter schools in Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td>27</td> <td>14,400</td> <td>11.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Charter_schools_in_New_Jersey" title="Charter schools in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>89</td> <td>44,600</td> <td>3.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Charter_schools_in_Virginia" title="Charter schools in Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td>9</td> <td>1,200</td> <td>0.09% </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><b>United States total</b></td> <td><b>6,824</b></td> <td><b>2,930,600</b></td> <td><b>5.85%</b> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left; line-height:135%;"><small><b>Note:</b> The percentages in the column labeled "Percentage of total public school enrollment" were calculated by taking the estimated number of charter school students in a given state and dividing by the total estimated number of public school students in that state in 2015. Total public school enrollment estimates came from the National Center for Education Statistics.<br /><b>Source</b>: <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.publiccharters.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/New-Closed-2016.pdf"><i>National Alliance for Public Charter Schools</i>, "A Closer Look at the Charter School Movement," February 3, 2016</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Magnet_schools">Magnet schools</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Magnet_school_participation_statistics" title="Magnet school participation statistics">Magnet school participation statistics</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/Magnet_schools" title="Magnet schools">Magnet schools</a>, or theme-based schools, are public <a href="/School_choice_information_by_state" title="School choice information by state">schools of choice</a> that utilize specialized subject areas or innovative learning approaches to attract students from more diverse backgrounds. Magnet schools were first formed to desegregate public schools through choice rather than force. Magnet schools can reach beyond the boundaries of school districts, but they are still managed and funded publicly by local districts even though they are centered around specialized themes and subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-psr_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psr-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msa_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msa-8">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there were 3,254 magnet schools in the United States in the 2013-2014 school year, 91 of which were in Maryland. According to Public School Review, those 91 magnet schools served 81,487 students in Maryland, 74 percent of whom were racial/ethnic minorities. The average student-teacher ratio in Maryland's magnet schools was 15:1. The table below presents this information for Maryland and surrounding states.<sup id="cite_ref-nces2014_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nces2014-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:center; margin:auto; width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" align="center" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;">Magnet schools, 2013-2014 </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">State </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Number of magnet schools </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Total enrollment </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Minority enrollment percentage </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Student-teacher ratio </th></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td>91</td> <td>81,487</td> <td>74%</td> <td>15:1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Delaware</td> <td>3</td> <td>2,480</td> <td>31%</td> <td>18:1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td>137</td> <td>138,395</td> <td>61%</td> <td>16:1 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><b>United States total</b></td> <td><b>3,254</b></td> <td><b>2,549,825</b></td> <td><b>N/A</b></td> <td><b>N/A</b> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:left; line-height:135%;"><small><b>Note:</b> "N/A" indicates that information was not available, either because the state does not have magnet schools or because the data were not reported.<br /><b>Source</b>: <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.publicschoolreview.com/find-schools"><i>Public School Review</i>, "Find Public Schools," accessed May 24, 2016</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Open_enrollment_policies">Open enrollment policies</span></h3> <p>According to the Education Commission of the States, there are two primary types of open enrollment policies:<sup id="cite_ref-ecs_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecs-11">[11]</a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Under <b>intra</b>-district enrollment policies, students may transfer to schools within their home districts.</li> <li>Under <b>inter</b>-district enrollment policies, students may transfer to schools outside of their home districts.</li></ol> <p>Open enrollment policies may be either mandatory or voluntary. Under <b>mandatory</b> programs, districts must allow for open enrollment. Under <b>voluntary</b> programs, districts may choose whether to allow for open enrollment.<sup id="cite_ref-ecs_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecs-11">[11]</a></sup> </p><p>Maryland does not provide for open public school enrollment.<sup id="cite_ref-ecs_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecs-11">[11]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Private_schools">Private schools</span></h3> <p>Private schools are operated by private organizations as opposed to government entities. Private schools typically rely on tuition, private grants, and donations for funding. Because private schools are not operated or funded directly by government entities, they may operate under different personnel and curricular standards. Private schools are often associated with religious institutions. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there were 5,395,740 students enrolled in 33,620 private schools nationwide in fall 2013. This accounted for approximately 10 percent of the total school-age population.<sup id="cite_ref-ncesprivate_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncesprivate-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schoolage_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoolage-13">[13]</a></sup> </p><p>In Maryland, there were 143,530 students enrolled in 770 private schools in fall 2013, accounting for roughly 14.66 percent of the state's total school-age population. The table below presents this information for Maryland and surrounding states. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:center; margin:auto; width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;">Private schools, fall 2013 </th></tr> <tr> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">State </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Number of private schools </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Enrollment </th> <th valign="center" style="background-color:#444; color: white;">Enrollment as a percentage of total school-age population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Maryland</td> <td>770</td> <td>143,530</td> <td>14.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Delaware</td> <td>120</td> <td>23,640</td> <td>16.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td>1,270</td> <td>211,150</td> <td>14.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia</td> <td>910</td> <td>131,330</td> <td>9.69% </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><b>United States total</b></td> <td><b>33,620</b></td> <td><b>5,395,740</b></td> <td><b>10.04%</b> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:left; line-height:135%;"><small><b>Note:</b> The column labeled "Enrollment as a percentage of total school-age population" was calculated by taking the total private school enrollment in a given state and dividing by the total school-age population of that state. Figures for total school-age population were obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics.<br /><b>Sources</b>: <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_101.40.asp"><i>National Center for Education Statistics</i>, "Table 101.40. Estimated total and school-age resident populations, by state: Selected years, 1970 through 2014," accessed May 24, 2016</a><br /><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_205.80.asp"><i>National Center for Education Statistics</i>, "Table 205.80. Private elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, teachers, and high school graduates, by state: Selected years, 2003 through 2013," accessed May 24, 2016</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</span></h3> <p>According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there were approximately 1.7 million homeschooled students in the United States as of 2012. This accounted for roughly 3.4 percent of the total school-age population.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>According to the Home School Legal Defense Association, there are three methods by which a parent or guardian may homeschool his or her child in Maryland:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Homeschooling under the portfolio option (this method requires to parent or guardian to maintain a portfolio of materials, which is subject to review by local school officials)</li> <li>Homeschooling under the church umbrella option (i.e., an educational program operated by a church)</li> <li>Homeschooling under the state-approved school umbrella option (under this method, a school-based teacher is assigned "to assist the home teacher and to issue progress reports, mark papers, and grade tests)</li></ol> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Online_learning">Online learning</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Blended_learning" title="Blended learning">Blended learning</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>According to the Evergreen Education Group, 24 states operated state virtual schools in the 2014-2015 school year. State virtual schools are "operational intermediate supplier organizations that provide online learning programs to schools statewide." State virtual schools are created by legislative or state agency action and are "usually funded in part or entirely by a state appropriation or grant." As of the 2014-2015 school year, Maryland did not have a state virtual school.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> </p><p>According to the Center for Education Reform, Maryland was home to no virtual charter schools as of May 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Financial_assistance">Financial assistance</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="School_vouchers">School vouchers</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/School_vouchers" title="School vouchers">School vouchers</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/File:Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg/300px-Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg/450px-Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg/600px-Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="509" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Highland_View_Academy_entrance_sign_DSC_0228.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Highland View Academy, a private religious school in Hagerstown, Maryland</div></div></div> <p>School vouchers are government-funded scholarships that allow public school students to attend private schools. Vouchers redirect state per-pupil education funding, giving it directly to individual families instead of school districts. Families can then apply those funds to tuition costs at the private school of their choice. As of April 2016, 13 states and the District of Columbia had implemented school voucher programs.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> </p><p>In March 2016, the <a href="/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland General Assembly</a> appropriated $5 million for a voucher program for low-income students. The budget, which included the voucher program appropriation, passed the <a href="/Maryland_State_Senate" title="Maryland State Senate">Maryland State Senate</a> by a vote of 46 to 0; the <a href="/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> approved the budget by a vote of 133 to 5. The plan came about after two Baltimore-area delegates, Antonio Hayes (D) and Keith E. Haynes (D), convinced other delegates and the governor of the "urgency of helping young black men in the city" in the wake of the Freddie Gray murder.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue_.282020.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue_(2020)"><i>Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</i> (2020)</span></h3> <table style="width:250px; background:#F0F0F0; font-size:90%; border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:3px; margin:5px; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #2d4299; ; color:#ee971e; padding-top: 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0.25em; font-size:110%"><big><i>Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</i></big> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-top: 0.5em;"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States"><img alt="Seal of SCOTUS.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_SCOTUS.png/200px-Seal_of_SCOTUS.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/9b/Seal_of_SCOTUS.png/300px-Seal_of_SCOTUS.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/9/9b/Seal_of_SCOTUS.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360" /></a></div></div> <hr style="background-color:#ee971e;" /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F0F0F0"><i><a href="/Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue" title="Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue">Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</a></i> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F0F0F0; line-height:135%; font-size:90%;"><a href="/Media_coverage_of_and_commentary_on_Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue" title="Media coverage of and commentary on Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue">Media coverage and commentary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F0F0F0; line-height:135%; font-size:90%;"><a href="/Supreme_Court_cases,_October_term_2019-2020" title="Supreme Court cases, October term 2019-2020">U.S. Supreme Court 2019-2020 term</a> <hr style="background-color:#ee971e;" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F0F0F0; line-height:135%; font-size:90%;"><a href="/Blaine_Amendment_(U.S._Constitution)" title="Blaine Amendment (U.S. Constitution)">Blaine Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F0F0F0; line-height:135%; font-size:90%;"><a href="/Blaine_amendments_in_state_constitutions" title="Blaine amendments in state constitutions">Blaine amendments in state constitutions</a> <hr style="background-color:#ee971e;" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F0F0F0; line-height:135%; font-size:90%;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F0F0F0; line-height:135%; font-size:90%;"><a href="/School_choice_on_the_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="School choice on the ballot">School choice on the ballot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F0F0F0; line-height:135%; font-size:90%;"><a href="/Education_on_the_ballot" title="Education on the ballot">Education on the ballot</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue" title="Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue">Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>On June 30, 2020, the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> decided <i><a href="/Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue" title="Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue">Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</a></i>, which concerned whether the government can exclude religious institutions from student-aid programs. The case related to <a href="/Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue#Blaine_Amendment_in_the_Montana_Constitution" title="Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue">Article X, Section 6</a> of the <a href="/Article_X,_Montana_Constitution#Section_6" title="Article X, Montana Constitution">Montana Constitution</a>, also known as Montana’s <a href="/Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue#Blaine_Amendment" title="Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue">Blaine Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-petition_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petition-23">[23]</a></sup> </p><p>In its 5-4 opinion, the court held that the application of <a href="/Espinoza_v._Montana_Department_of_Revenue#Blaine_Amendment_in_the_Montana_Constitution" title="Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue">Article X, Section 6</a> violated the <a href="#Free_Exercise_Clause">free exercise clause</a> of the U.S. Constitution. The majority held Article X, Section 6 barred religious schools and parents who wished to send their children to those schools from receiving public benefits because of the religious character of the school.<sup id="cite_ref-opinion_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinion-24">[24]</a></sup> </p><p>The case addressed the tension between the free exercise and Establishment clauses of the U.S. Constitution—where one guarantees the right of individuals' free exercise of religion and the other guarantees that the state won't establish a religion—and the intersections of state constitutions with state law and with the U.S. Constitution. </p><p>Maryland is not one of the states with a Blaine Amendment. </p><p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Studies_and_reports">Studies and reports</span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/File:Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png/150px-Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png/225px-Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png/300px-Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="457" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice</div></div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Friedman_Foundation_for_Educational_Choice">Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice</span></h3> <p>In January 2016, the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice released a report ranking school choice programs across the nation by participation. No Maryland programs were ranked in the report. For the full report, visit this <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.edchoice.org/blog/americas-school-choice-programs-ranked-by-participation-2016-edition/">website</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> </p><p>That same month, the Friedman Foundation released the 2016 edition of "The ABCs of School Choice," a comprehensive report detailing and commenting upon every school choice program in the nation. To access the full report, click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2016-ABCs-WEB-2.pdf">here</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="School_choice_ballot_measures">School choice ballot measures</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd>See also: <i><a href="/School_choice_on_the_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="School choice on the ballot">School choice on the ballot</a></i> and <i><a href="/List_of_Maryland_ballot_measures" title="List of Maryland ballot measures">List of Maryland ballot measures</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Ballotpedia has tracked no statewide ballot measures relating to school choice in Maryland. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="School_choice_legislation">School choice legislation</span></h2> <p>The following is a list of recent charter school bills that have been introduced in or passed by the <a href="/Maryland_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland State Legislature">Maryland state legislature</a>. To learn more about each of these bills, click the bill title. This information is provided by <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.billtrack50.com/">BillTrack50</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legiscan.com/">LegiScan</a>. </p><p><i>Note: Due to the nature of the sorting process used to generate this list, some results may not be relevant to the topic. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation pertaining to this topic has been introduced in the legislature recently.</i> </p> <table align="center" style="margin-top:.2em; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="2"> <p> <script src="https://www.billtrack50.com/Scripts/bt50.widget.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> BT50.Widget({ backImage: "flat", billSheet: "c70b0de4-0472-4c83-92f1-f241e8277dce", borderColor: "#9C9C9C", linkColor: "#0b0080", fontFamily: "Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", height: 300, rows: 25, stateFilter: "MD", sortBy: "0", sortDir: "desc", tBackground: "#CCCCCC", tForeground: "#444444", title: "Charter schools in Maryland", width: 650 }); </script> </p> <div id="BT50Widget"></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_news">Recent news</span></h2> <p>The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms <b>Maryland education choice.</b> These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles. </p> <div class="rss-feed"> <p><b><span style="font-size:135%"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://google.com/search?hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&q=Maryland+education+choice&um=1&ie=UTF-8">School choice in Maryland - Google News</a></span></b> </p> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <div class="floatright"><a href="/School_Boards_and_School_Board_Elections" title="School Boards and School Board Elections"><img alt="School Board badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/55/School_Board_badge.png/150px-School_Board_badge.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/55/School_Board_badge.png/225px-School_Board_badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/55/School_Board_badge.png/300px-School_Board_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div> <ul><li><a href="/Public_education_in_Maryland" title="Public education in Maryland">Public education in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/Charter_schools_in_Maryland" title="Charter schools in Maryland">Charter schools in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/List_of_school_districts_in_Maryland" title="List of school districts in Maryland">List of school districts in Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/School_choice" class="mw-redirect" title="School choice">School choice</a></li> <li><a href="/Charter_schools" title="Charter schools">Charter schools</a></li> <li><a href="/Magnet_schools" title="Magnet schools">Magnet schools</a></li> <li><a href="/School_vouchers" title="School vouchers">School vouchers</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.publiccharters.org/">National Alliance for Public Charter Schools</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.edchoice.org/">Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.hslda.org/hs/state/IN/default.asp">Home School Legal Defense Association</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/school-choice-and-charters.aspx"><i>National Conference of State Legislatures</i>, "School Choice and Charters," accessed June 18, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.edchoice.org/School-Choice/What-is-School-Choice.aspx"><i>Friedman Foundation for School Choice</i>, "What is School Choice?" accessed June 18, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.charterschoolcenter.org/priority-area/understanding-charter-schools"><i>National Charter School Resource Center</i>, "Understanding Charter Schools," accessed April 29, 2104</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.uncommonschools.org/faq-what-is-charter-school"><i>Uncommon Schools,</i> "Frequently Asked Questions About Public, Charter Schools," accessed April 30, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.edreform.com/2012/03/just-the-faqs-charter-schools/"><i>The Center for Education Reform,</i> "Just the FAQs--Charter Schools," accessed April 30, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.publiccharters.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/New-Closed-2016.pdf"><i>National Alliance for Public Charter Schools</i>, "A Closer Look at the Charter School Movement," February 3, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psr-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-psr_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.publicschoolreview.com/articles/2"><i>Public School Review</i>, "What is a magnet school?" accessed December 9, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msa-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-msa_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.magnet.edu/about/what-are-magnet-schools"><i>Magnet Schools of America</i>, "What are magnet schools?" accessed December 9, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nces2014-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nces2014_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2015/2015151/tables/table_03.asp"><i>National Center for Education Statistics</i>, "Table 3. Number of operating public elementary and secondary schools, by school type, charter, magnet, Title I, and Title I schoolwide status, and state or jurisdiction: School year 2013–14," accessed May 24, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.publicschoolreview.com/find-schools"><i>Public School Review</i>, "Find Public Schools," accessed May 24, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecs-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ecs_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ecs_11-1">11.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ecs_11-2">11.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecs.force.com/mbdata/mbquest4e?rep=OE1505"><i>Education Commission of the States</i>, "Open Enrollment 50-State Report," updated November 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncesprivate-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ncesprivate_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_205.80.asp"><i>National Center for Education Statistics</i>, "Table 205.80. Private elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, teachers, and high school graduates, by state: Selected years, 2003 through 2013," accessed May 24, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schoolage-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-schoolage_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_101.40.asp"><i>National Center for Education Statistics</i>, "Table 101.40. Estimated total and school-age resident populations, by state: Selected years, 1970 through 2014," accessed May 24, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.responsiblehomeschooling.org/homeschooling-101/homeschooling-numbers/"><i>Coalition for Responsible Home Education</i>, "Homeschooling Numbers," accessed May 25, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d13/tables/dt13_206.10.asp?current=yes"><i>National Center for Education Statistics</i>, "Table 206.10. Number and percentage of homeschooled students ages 5 through 17 with a grade equivalent of kindergarten through 12th grade, by selected child, parent, and household characteristics: 2003, 2007, and 2012," accessed May 25, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.hslda.org/hs101/MD.aspx"><i>Home School Legal Defense Association</i>, "Maryland," accessed May 25, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.kpk12.com/wp-content/uploads/Evergreen_KeepingPace_2015.pdf"><i>Evergreen Education Group</i>, "Keeping Pace with K-12 Digital Learning, 2015," accessed May 25, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.edreform.com/in-the-states/know-your-choices/find-a-charter-school/?filter%5Bname%5D=&filter%5Bcity%5D=&filter%5Bstate%5D=MD&filter%5Bgrade%5D=&filter%5Bgrades_categories%5D=&filter%5Bspecialty%5D=virtual"><i>Center for Education Reform</i>, "Find a Charter School," accessed May 30, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.schoolchoices.org/roo/vouchers.htm"><i>School Choices</i>, "School Vouchers: Issues and Arguments," accessed May 26, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.edchoice.org/School-Choice/State/MD.aspx"><i>The Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice</i>, "School Choice in Maryland," accessed June 20, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/md-senate-to-finalize-hogans-budget-compromise-reached-on-private-school-scholarships/2016/03/28/7d711cd8-f553-11e5-a3ce-f06b5ba21f33_story.html"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "After 10-year fight, Md. lawmakers vote to fund private-school scholarships," March 29, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/an-education-breakthrough-in-maryland/2016/04/08/2e628538-fd9a-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "An education breakthrough in Maryland," April 8, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-petition-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-petition_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/18/18-1195/91749/20190312143801341_Cert%20Petition_FINAL.pdf">Supreme Court of the United States, <i>Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</i>: "Petition for a writ of certiorari," accessed July 3, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opinion-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-opinion_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/18-1195_g314.pdf">Supreme Court of the United States, <i>Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue</i>, decided June 30, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.edchoice.org/blog/americas-school-choice-programs-ranked-by-participation-2016-edition/"><i>Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice</i>, "America's School Choice Programs Ranked by Participation, 2016 Edition," January 27, 2016</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Plp_education_hnt" title="Template:Plp education hnt"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Plp_education_hnt&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Education_Policy" title="Education Policy">Education policy</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Terms</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Charter_schools" title="Charter schools">Charter schools</a> • <a href="/Common_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Core">Common Core</a> • <a href="/Dropout_rate" title="Dropout rate">Dropout rate</a> • <a href="/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> • <a href="/Regulatory_Adjusted_Cohort_Graduation_Rate" title="Regulatory Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate">Regulatory Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate</a> • <a href="/School_vouchers" title="School vouchers">School vouchers</a> • <a href="/Teacher_merit_pay" title="Teacher merit pay">Teacher merit pay</a><hr /></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="7"><a href="/Education_Policy" title="Education Policy"><img alt="Education Policy" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/c/c6/Education_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png/220px-Education_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/c/c6/Education_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png/330px-Education_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/c/c6/Education_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png/440px-Education_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>State public education pages</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Public_education_in_Alabama" title="Public education in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Alaska" title="Public education in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Arizona" title="Public education in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Arkansas" title="Public education in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_California" title="Public education in California">California</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Colorado" title="Public education in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Connecticut" title="Public education in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Delaware" title="Public education in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Public education in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Florida" title="Public education in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Georgia" title="Public education in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Hawaii" title="Public education in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Idaho" title="Public education in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Illinois" title="Public education in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Indiana" title="Public education in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Iowa" title="Public education in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Kansas" title="Public education in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Kentucky" title="Public education in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Louisiana" title="Public education in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Maine" title="Public education in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Maryland" title="Public education in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Massachusetts" title="Public education in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Michigan" title="Public education in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Minnesota" title="Public education in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Mississippi" title="Public education in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Missouri" title="Public education in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Montana" title="Public education in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Nebraska" title="Public education in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Nevada" title="Public education in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_New_Hampshire" title="Public education in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_New_Jersey" title="Public education in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_New_Mexico" title="Public education in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_New_York" title="Public education in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_North_Carolina" title="Public education in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_North_Dakota" title="Public education in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Ohio" title="Public education in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Oklahoma" title="Public education in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Oregon" title="Public education in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Pennsylvania" title="Public education in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Rhode_Island" title="Public education in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_South_Carolina" title="Public education in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_South_Dakota" title="Public education in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Tennessee" title="Public education in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Texas" title="Public education in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Utah" title="Public education in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Vermont" title="Public education in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Virginia" title="Public education in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Washington" title="Public education in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_West_Virginia" title="Public education in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Wisconsin" title="Public education in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Public_education_in_Wyoming" title="Public education in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>State higher education pages</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Higher_education_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in California">California</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Higher_education_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>State school choice pages</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/School_choice_in_Alabama" title="School choice in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Alaska" title="School choice in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Arizona" title="School choice in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Arkansas" title="School choice in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_California" title="School choice in California">California</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Colorado" title="School choice in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Connecticut" title="School choice in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Delaware" title="School choice in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Florida" title="School choice in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Georgia" title="School choice in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Hawaii" title="School choice in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Idaho" title="School choice in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Illinois" title="School choice in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Indiana" title="School choice in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Iowa" title="School choice in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Kansas" title="School choice in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Kentucky" title="School choice in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Louisiana" title="School choice in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Maine" title="School choice in Maine">Maine</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maryland</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Massachusetts" title="School choice in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Michigan" title="School choice in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Minnesota" title="School choice in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Mississippi" title="School choice in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Missouri" title="School choice in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Montana" title="School choice in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Nebraska" title="School choice in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Nevada" title="School choice in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_New_Hampshire" title="School choice in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_New_Jersey" title="School choice in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_New_Mexico" title="School choice in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_New_York" title="School choice in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_North_Carolina" title="School choice in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_North_Dakota" title="School choice in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Ohio" title="School choice in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Oklahoma" title="School choice in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Oregon" title="School choice in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Pennsylvania" title="School choice in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Rhode_Island" title="School choice in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_South_Carolina" title="School choice in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_South_Dakota" title="School choice in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Tennessee" title="School choice in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Texas" title="School choice in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Utah" title="School choice in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Vermont" title="School choice in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Virginia" title="School choice in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Washington" title="School choice in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_West_Virginia" title="School choice in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Wisconsin" title="School choice in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/School_choice_in_Wyoming" title="School choice in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="margin-top:auto; font-size:84%;"> <tbody><tr 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class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b>Editorial Content</b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Geoff_Pallay" title="Ballotpedia:Geoff Pallay">Geoff Pallay, Director of Editorial Content and Editor-in-Chief</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ken_Carbullido" title="Ballotpedia:Ken Carbullido">Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Daniel_Anderson" title="Ballotpedia:Daniel Anderson">Daniel Anderson, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ryan_Byrne" title="Ballotpedia:Ryan Byrne">Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Cory_Eucalitto" title="Ballotpedia:Cory Eucalitto">Cory Eucalitto, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Gillip" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy 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