CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cranberry - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5359f21e-c9a5-4917-b034-f31e43040b44","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cranberry","wgTitle":"Cranberry","wgCurRevisionId":1281286291,"wgRevisionId":1281286291,"wgArticleId":7025,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","CS1: long volume value","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2021","Use American English from May 2018","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles with 'species' microformats","Articles needing additional references from February 2021","All articles needing additional references","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from November 2023","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms","Cranberries","Berries","Crops originating from the United States","Vaccinium","Crops originating from Canada","Subshrubs","Medicinal plants of North America","Crops originating from indigenous Americans"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cranberry","wgRelevantArticleId":7025,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q13181","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/1200px-Cranberry_bog.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="792"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/800px-Cranberry_bog.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="528"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/640px-Cranberry_bog.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="422"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cranberry - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cranberry rootpage-Cranberry skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cranberry" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cranberry" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cranberry" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cranberry" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Description_and_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description_and_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Description and species</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description_and_species-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description and species subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description_and_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subgenus_Oxycoccus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subgenus_Oxycoccus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Subgenus <i>Oxycoccus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subgenus_Oxycoccus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subgenus_Oxycoccus,_sect._Oxycoccoides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subgenus_Oxycoccus,_sect._Oxycoccoides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Subgenus <i>Oxycoccus</i>, sect. <i>Oxycoccoides</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subgenus_Oxycoccus,_sect._Oxycoccoides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Similar species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography_and_bog_method" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_bog_method"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geography and bog method</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_bog_method-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propagation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propagation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Propagation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propagation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ripening_and_harvest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ripening_and_harvest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ripening and harvest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ripening_and_harvest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insect_Pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insect_Pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Insect Pests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insect_Pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_safety_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_safety_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Possible safety concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_safety_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urinary_tract_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urinary_tract_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Urinary tract infections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urinary_tract_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phytochemicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phytochemicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Phytochemicals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phytochemicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extract_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extract_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Extract quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extract_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing_and_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing_and_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Marketing and economics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marketing_and_economics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Marketing and economics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marketing_and_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cranberry_Marketing_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cranberry_Marketing_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Cranberry Marketing Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cranberry_Marketing_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>International trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cranberry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenberge" title="Fenberge – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fenberge" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="عنيبية حامضة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عنيبية حامضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1ndanu_color%C3%A1u" title="Arándanu coloráu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arándanu coloráu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickekominan" title="Mickekominan – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Mickekominan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مرجانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مرجانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Мүк еләге – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мүк еләге" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Журавіны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Журавіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Журавіны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Журавіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Клюква – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клюква" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus-gwern" title="Lus-gwern – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lus-gwern" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabiu_de_grua" title="Nabiu de grua – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nabiu de grua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klikva" title="Klikva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klikva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llugaeron" title="Llugaeron – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llugaeron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosbeeren" title="Moosbeeren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Moosbeeren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDorawina" title="Žorawina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Žorawina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5hvikas_(perekond)" title="Jõhvikas (perekond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jõhvikas (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Κράνμπερι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κράνμπερι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A1ndano_rojo" title="Arándano rojo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arándano rojo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksikoko" title="Oksikoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oksikoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabia_gorri" title="Ahabia gorri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ahabia gorri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="توت خرس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توت خرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranuber" title="Tranuber – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tranuber" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycoccos" title="Oxycoccos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oxycoccos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3n%C3%B3g" title="Mónóg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mónóg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smeyr_churree" title="Smeyr churree – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Smeyr churree" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arandeira_vermella" title="Arandeira vermella – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arandeira vermella" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ушалкомар – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ушалкомар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%8C%EC%B6%9C%EC%9B%94%EA%B7%A4%EC%95%84%EC%86%8D" title="넌출월귤아속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="넌출월귤아속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB" title="Լոռամրգի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոռամրգի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymjenka" title="Tymjenka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Tymjenka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brusnica" title="Brusnica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brusnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentigi_paya" title="Mentigi paya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mentigi paya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B3" title="Сырхнæмыг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сырхнæмыг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycoccus" title="Oxycoccus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oxycoccus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חמוצית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמוצית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kranb%C3%A9ri" title="Kranbéri – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kranbéri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cranberry" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwasnica" title="Kwasnica – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kwasnica" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Мүкжидек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мүкжидек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Турипув – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турипув" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycoccus" title="Oxycoccus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oxycoccus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%93rve%C5%86u_apak%C5%A1%C4%A3ints" title="Dzērveņu apakšģints – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzērveņu apakšģints" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanguol%C4%97" title="Spanguolė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Spanguolė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbalo" title="Garbalo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Garbalo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Брусница – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брусница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="क्रॅनबेरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रॅनबेरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="عنبيه حادة الخباء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عنبيه حادة الخباء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kranberi" title="Kranberi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kranberi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Цангис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цангис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veenbes" title="Veenbes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veenbes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="クランベリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クランベリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traneb%C3%A6r" title="Tranebær – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tranebær" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klyukva" title="Klyukva – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Klyukva" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBurawina" title="Żurawina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żurawina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airela" title="Airela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Airela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Клюква – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клюква" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belushi" title="Belushi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Belushi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milucuccu" title="Milucuccu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Milucuccu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cranberry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Брусница – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брусница" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brusnica" title="Brusnica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brusnica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranb%C3%A4r" title="Tranbär – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tranbär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kranberya" title="Kranberya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kranberya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Мүк җиләге – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мүк җиләге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="แครนเบอร์รี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แครนเบอร์รี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8B" title="Нюрмульы – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Нюрмульы" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Журавлина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Журавлина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbol" title="Garbol – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Garbol" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1n_vi%E1%BB%87t_qu%E1%BA%A5t" title="Mạn việt quất – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mạn việt quất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicoine" title="Bicoine – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bicoine" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cranberry" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%A9%98" title="蔓越橘 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蔓越橘" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%95%A4%E6%A2%A8" title="金啤梨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金啤梨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spongoul%C4%97" title="Spongoulė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Spongoulė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%A9%98" title="蔓越橘 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蔓越橘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13181#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cranberry" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cranberry" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cranberry" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&oldid=1281286291" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cranberry&id=1281286291&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCranberry"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCranberry"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cranberry&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cranberries" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13181" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of plant species bearing edible fruit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a group of plant species. For the rock band, see <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">The Cranberries</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cranberry_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cranberry (disambiguation)">Cranberry (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Wild cranberry" redirects here. The term may also refer to <a href="/wiki/Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi" title="Arctostaphylos uva-ursi">Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Cranberries </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberry_bog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/240px-Cranberry_bog.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/360px-Cranberry_bog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/480px-Cranberry_bog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1781" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Cranberry bush with fruit partially submerged in <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bog</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Vaccinium_subg._Oxycoccus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium" title="Vaccinium"><i>Vaccinium</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subgenus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Vaccinium <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Oxycoccus</i></a><br /><small>(Hill) A.Gray</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_erythrocarpum" title="Vaccinium erythrocarpum">Vaccinium erythrocarpum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_japonicum" title="Vaccinium japonicum">Vaccinium japonicum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon">Vaccinium macrocarpon</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_microcarpum" title="Vaccinium microcarpum">Vaccinium microcarpum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_oxycoccos" title="Vaccinium oxycoccos">Vaccinium oxycoccos</a></i> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberrymap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cranberrymap.jpg/280px-Cranberrymap.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cranberrymap.jpg/420px-Cranberrymap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cranberrymap.jpg/560px-Cranberrymap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Approximate ranges of the cranberries in sect. <i>Oxycoccus</i>: Red: common cranberry. Orange: small cranberry. Green: American cranberry.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberries20101210.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Cranberries20101210.jpg/250px-Cranberries20101210.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Cranberries20101210.jpg/330px-Cranberries20101210.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Cranberries20101210.jpg/500px-Cranberries20101210.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Raw cranberries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberry_harvest,_Kingston_Massachusetts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cranberry_harvest%2C_Kingston_Massachusetts.jpg/220px-Cranberry_harvest%2C_Kingston_Massachusetts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cranberry_harvest%2C_Kingston_Massachusetts.jpg/330px-Cranberry_harvest%2C_Kingston_Massachusetts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cranberry_harvest%2C_Kingston_Massachusetts.jpg/440px-Cranberry_harvest%2C_Kingston_Massachusetts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>Cranberry harvest</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cranberries</b> are a group of <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_shrub" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf shrub">dwarf shrubs</a> or trailing vines in the <a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">subgenus</a> <i><b>Oxycoccus</b></i> of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium" title="Vaccinium">Vaccinium</a></i>. Cranberries are low, creeping shrubs or vines up to 2 meters (7 ft) long and 5 to 20 centimeters (2 to 8 in) in height; they have slender stems that are not thickly woody and have small <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> leaves. The flowers are dark pink. The fruit is a <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">berry</a> that is larger than the leaves of the plant; it is initially light green, turning red when ripe. It is edible, but has an acidic taste. </p><p>In Britain, <i>cranberry</i> may refer to the native species <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_oxycoccos" title="Vaccinium oxycoccos">Vaccinium oxycoccos</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Stac10_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stac10-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in North America, <i>cranberry</i> may refer to <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon">V. macrocarpon</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-usdaplants_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdaplants-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> is cultivated in central and northern Europe, while <i>V. macrocarpon</i> is cultivated throughout the northern United States, Canada and Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some methods of classification, <i>Oxycoccus</i> is regarded as a genus in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cranberries can be found in <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acidic</a> bogs throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. </p><p>In 2020, the U.S., Canada, and Chile accounted for 97% of the world production of cranberries. Most cranberries are processed into products such as <a href="/wiki/Cranberry_juice" title="Cranberry juice">juice</a>, sauce, jam, and sweetened <a href="/wiki/Dried_cranberry" title="Dried cranberry">dried cranberries</a>, with the remainder sold fresh to consumers. <a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a> is a traditional accompaniment to turkey at Christmas and <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> dinners in the U.S. and Canada, and at Christmas dinner in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_species">Description and species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description and species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cranberries are low, creeping shrubs or vines up to 2 meters (7 ft) long and 5 to 20 centimeters (2 to 8 in) in height;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they have slender, wiry stems that are not thickly woody and have small <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> leaves. The flowers are dark pink, with very distinct reflexed petals, leaving the <a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">style</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a> fully exposed and pointing forward. They are pollinated by bees. The fruit is a <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">berry</a> that is larger than the leaves of the plant; it is initially light green, turning red when ripe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has an acidic taste which usually overwhelms its sweetness. </p><p>There are 4–5 species of cranberry, classified by <a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">subgenus</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subgenus_Oxycoccus">Subgenus <i>Oxycoccus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subgenus Oxycoccus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Distribution </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/120px-%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/250px-%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_oxycoccos" title="Vaccinium oxycoccos">Vaccinium oxycoccos</a></i> or <i>Oxycoccus palustris</i> (common cranberry, northern cranberry or cranberry)</td> <td>It has small <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>5–10 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) leaves, with an inrolled margin. The flowers are dark pink, with a purple central spike, produced on finely hairy stalks. The fruit is a small pale pink to red <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">berry</a>, with a refreshing sharp acidic flavor.</td> <td>Widespread throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere, including northern Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20121015-FS-UNK-0009_(8090982330).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20121015-FS-UNK-0009_%288090982330%29.jpg/120px-20121015-FS-UNK-0009_%288090982330%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20121015-FS-UNK-0009_%288090982330%29.jpg/250px-20121015-FS-UNK-0009_%288090982330%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_microcarpum" title="Vaccinium microcarpum">Vaccinium microcarpum</a></i> or <i>Oxycoccus microcarpus</i> (small cranberry)</td> <td>It is highly similar to <i>V. oxycoccos</i>, differing in the leaves being more triangular, and the flower stems hairless; additionally, their stems can also be smaller and produce a smaller number of flowers than <i>V. ocycoccos</i>. They also differ in the fact that their leaves can be smaller in size, even though the main difference is their triangular shape.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some botanists include it within <i>V. oxycoccos</i>.</td> <td>Occurs in northern North America,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> northern Europe and northern Asia. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaccinium_macrocarpon_15-p.bot-vacci.macro-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vaccinium_macrocarpon_15-p.bot-vacci.macro-17.jpg/120px-Vaccinium_macrocarpon_15-p.bot-vacci.macro-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vaccinium_macrocarpon_15-p.bot-vacci.macro-17.jpg/250px-Vaccinium_macrocarpon_15-p.bot-vacci.macro-17.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon">Vaccinium macrocarpon</a></i> or <i>Oxycoccus macrocarpus</i> (large cranberry, American cranberry, bearberry)</td> <td>It differs from <i>V. oxycoccos</i> in the leaves being larger, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />10–20 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) long, and flat, and in the slightly apple-like taste of the berries.</td> <td>Native to northern North America across Canada, and eastern United States, south to <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> at high altitudes). </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subgenus_Oxycoccus,_sect._Oxycoccoides"><span id="Subgenus_Oxycoccus.2C_sect._Oxycoccoides"></span>Subgenus <i>Oxycoccus</i>, sect. <i>Oxycoccoides</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subgenus Oxycoccus, sect. Oxycoccoides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Distribution </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaccinium_erythrocarpum_in_bud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vaccinium_erythrocarpum_in_bud.jpg/250px-Vaccinium_erythrocarpum_in_bud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vaccinium_erythrocarpum_in_bud.jpg/330px-Vaccinium_erythrocarpum_in_bud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Vaccinium_erythrocarpum_in_bud.jpg/500px-Vaccinium_erythrocarpum_in_bud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="757" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_erythrocarpum" title="Vaccinium erythrocarpum">Vaccinium erythrocarpum</a></i> or <i>Oxycarpus erythrocarpus</i> (southern mountain cranberry, bearberry)</td> <td>This species differs significantly from sect. <i>oxycoccus</i> cranberries particularly in growth habit. A deciduous shrub, their flowers are borne in June of a tubular shape with reflexed petals consistent with the rest of the subgenera. They produce edible scarlet berries described as being seemingly translucent.</td> <td>Native to southeastern United States at high altitudes in the southern <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaccinium_japonicum_(flower).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vaccinium_japonicum_%28flower%29.jpg/220px-Vaccinium_japonicum_%28flower%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vaccinium_japonicum_%28flower%29.jpg/330px-Vaccinium_japonicum_%28flower%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vaccinium_japonicum_%28flower%29.jpg/440px-Vaccinium_japonicum_%28flower%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_japonicum" title="Vaccinium japonicum">Vaccinium japonicum</a></i> </td> <td>They are typically found in forests and thickets within alpine areas between 1,000–2,600 metres (3,300–8,500 ft). </td> <td>Native to Southern China, Taiwan, the Japanese archipelago, and the Korean Peninsula </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similar_species">Similar species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Similar species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cranberries are related to <a href="/wiki/Bilberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilberries">bilberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Blueberries">blueberries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huckleberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Huckleberries">huckleberries</a>, all in <i>Vaccinium</i> subgenus <i>Vaccinium</i>. These differ in having bell-shaped flowers, petals that are not reflexed, and woodier stems, forming taller shrubs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaccinum_oxycoccos_120604.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Vaccinum_oxycoccos_120604.jpg/220px-Vaccinum_oxycoccos_120604.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Vaccinum_oxycoccos_120604.jpg/330px-Vaccinum_oxycoccos_120604.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Vaccinum_oxycoccos_120604.jpg/440px-Vaccinum_oxycoccos_120604.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> flowers</figcaption></figure><p> The name <i>cranberry</i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Low_German" title="Middle Low German">Middle Low German</a> <i>kraanbere</i> (English translation, <i>craneberry</i>), first named as <i>cranberry</i> in English by the missionary <a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_(missionary)" title="John Eliot (missionary)">John Eliot</a> in 1647.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1694, German and Dutch colonists in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> used the word, cranberry, to represent the expanding flower, <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calyx_(flower)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyx (flower)">calyx</a>, and petals resembling the neck, head, and bill of a <a href="/wiki/Crane_(bird)" title="Crane (bird)">crane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aps_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional English name for the plant more common in Europe, <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>, <a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenber%C8%9De" class="extiw" title="ang:Fenberȝe">fenberry</a>, originated from plants with small red berries found growing in <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fen</a> (marsh) lands of England.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonathan_eastman_johnson_cranberry_harvest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jonathan_eastman_johnson_cranberry_harvest.jpg/220px-Jonathan_eastman_johnson_cranberry_harvest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jonathan_eastman_johnson_cranberry_harvest.jpg/330px-Jonathan_eastman_johnson_cranberry_harvest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jonathan_eastman_johnson_cranberry_harvest.jpg/440px-Jonathan_eastman_johnson_cranberry_harvest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="1934" /></a><figcaption><i>The Cranberry Harvest on the Island of <a href="/wiki/Nantucket,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantucket, Massachusetts">Nantucket</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Johnson" title="Eastman Johnson">Eastman Johnson</a>, 1880.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cranberry" title="Special:EditPage/Cranberry">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cranberry%22">"Cranberry"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cranberry%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cranberry%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cranberry%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cranberry%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cranberry%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> veteran <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hall_(American)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hall (American)">Henry Hall</a> first cultivated cranberries in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Dennis_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Dennis (CDP), Massachusetts">Dennis</a> around 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-aps_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1820s, Hall was shipping cranberries to New York City and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> from which shipments were also sent to Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-aps_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1843, Eli Howes planted his own crop of cranberries on Cape Cod, using the "Howes" variety. In 1847, Cyrus Cahoon planted a crop of "Early Black" variety near Pleasant Lake, Harwich, Massachusetts.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberry_farm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cranberry_farm.jpg/220px-Cranberry_farm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cranberry_farm.jpg/330px-Cranberry_farm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cranberry_farm.jpg/440px-Cranberry_farm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Cranberry farm</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1900, 8,700 hectares (21,500 acres) were under cultivation in the New England region.<sup id="cite_ref-aps_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the total output of cranberries harvested in the United States was 360,000 metric tons (790 million pounds), with <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> as the largest state producer (59% of total), followed by <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yah_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ers_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cranberries have had two major breeding events.<sup id="cite_ref-yah_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first occurred in the 1920s, with aims to create a crop that was more insect resistant, specifically to blunt-nosed leafhopper (<i><a href="/wiki/Limotettix" title="Limotettix">Limotettix</a> vaccini</i>) the vector of cranberry false blossom disease. This resulted in cultivars such as "Stevens" and "Franklin". As such, cultivars like "Howes" tend to be more susceptible to insects as opposed to "Stevens".<sup id="cite_ref-yah_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with the introduction of many broad-spectrum <a href="/wiki/Pesticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesticides">pesticides</a> in the 1940s and 1950s, breeders eventually stopped breeding for pest resistance. Instead, beginning in the 1980s, cranberries were begun to be bred for high yielding varieties, leading to cultivars such as "Crimson Queen" and "Mullica Queen".<sup id="cite_ref-yah_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these varieties were spearheaded and bred by Dr. Nicholi Vorsa of <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nic_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nic-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more recent years, there have been <a href="/wiki/Food_Quality_Protection_Act" title="Food Quality Protection Act">heavier restrictions on pesticides</a> due to environmental safety concerns, leading to a larger emphasis of high yield-high resistance varieties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography_and_bog_method">Geography and bog method</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography and bog method"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/250px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/330px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/500px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3157" data-file-height="2125" /></a><figcaption>Cranberry harvest</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, cranberry beds were constructed in wetlands. Today's cranberry beds are constructed in upland areas with a shallow water table. The topsoil is scraped off to form <a href="/wiki/Dyke_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyke (construction)">dykes</a> around the bed perimeter. Clean sand is hauled in and spread to a depth of 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 in). The surface is <a href="/wiki/Laser_level" title="Laser level">laser leveled</a> flat to provide even drainage. Beds are frequently drained with socked tile in addition to the perimeter ditch. In addition to making it possible to hold water, the dykes allow equipment to service the beds without driving on the vines. Irrigation equipment is installed in the bed to provide <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> for vine growth and for spring and autumn frost protection. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions" title="List of common misconceptions">common misconception</a> about cranberry production is that the beds remain flooded throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the growing season cranberry beds are not flooded, but are irrigated regularly to maintain soil moisture. Beds are flooded in the autumn to facilitate harvest and again during the winter to protect against low temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In cold climates like Wisconsin, New England, and eastern Canada, the winter flood typically freezes into ice, while in warmer climates the water remains liquid. When ice forms on the beds, trucks can be driven onto the ice to spread a thin layer of sand to control pests and rejuvenate the vines. Sanding is done every three to five years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propagation">Propagation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Propagation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cranberry vines are propagated by moving vines from an established bed. The vines are spread on the surface of the sand of the new bed and pushed into the sand with a blunt disk. The vines are watered frequently during the first few weeks until roots form and new shoots grow. Beds are given frequent, light application of nitrogen fertilizer during the first year.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cost of renovating cranberry beds is estimated to be between $74,000 and $124,000 per hectare ($30,000 and $50,000 per acre).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ripening_and_harvest">Ripening and harvest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ripening and harvest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_labor,_cranberry_bog,_Burlington_County,_New_Jersey,_8a10151.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Child_labor%2C_cranberry_bog%2C_Burlington_County%2C_New_Jersey%2C_8a10151.jpg/250px-Child_labor%2C_cranberry_bog%2C_Burlington_County%2C_New_Jersey%2C_8a10151.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Child_labor%2C_cranberry_bog%2C_Burlington_County%2C_New_Jersey%2C_8a10151.jpg/330px-Child_labor%2C_cranberry_bog%2C_Burlington_County%2C_New_Jersey%2C_8a10151.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Child_labor%2C_cranberry_bog%2C_Burlington_County%2C_New_Jersey%2C_8a10151.jpg/500px-Child_labor%2C_cranberry_bog%2C_Burlington_County%2C_New_Jersey%2C_8a10151.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2755" data-file-height="4142" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rothstein" title="Arthur Rothstein">Arthur Rothstein</a>, <i>Child Labor, Cranberry Bog</i>, 1939. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvesting_cranberries_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harvesting_cranberries_2.jpg/220px-Harvesting_cranberries_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harvesting_cranberries_2.jpg/330px-Harvesting_cranberries_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harvesting_cranberries_2.jpg/440px-Harvesting_cranberries_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Cranberry harvest (wet-picking)</figcaption></figure> <p>Cranberries are harvested in the fall when the fruit takes on its distinctive deep red color, and most ideally after the first frost.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berries that receive sun turn a deep red when fully ripe, while those that do not fully mature are a pale pink or white color. This is usually in September through the first part of November. To harvest cranberries, the beds are flooded with 15 to 20 centimeters (6 to 8 in) of water above the vines. A harvester is driven through the beds to remove the fruit from the vines. For the past 50 years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, water reel type harvesters have been used. Harvested cranberries float in the water and can be corralled into a corner of the bed and conveyed or pumped from the bed. From the farm, cranberries are taken to receiving stations where they are cleaned, sorted, and stored prior to packaging or processing. While cranberries are harvested when they take on their deep red color, they can also be harvested beforehand when they are still white, which is how white cranberry juice is made.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yields are lower on beds harvested early and the early flooding tends to damage vines, but not severely. Vines can also be trained through dry picking to help avoid damage in subsequent harvests.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although most cranberries are wet-picked as described above, 5–10% of the US crop is still dry-picked. This entails higher labor costs and lower yield, but dry-picked berries are less bruised and can be sold as fresh fruit instead of having to be immediately frozen or processed. Originally performed with two-handed comb scoops, dry picking is today accomplished by motorized, walk-behind harvesters which must be small enough to traverse beds without damaging the vines. </p><p>Cranberries for fresh market are stored in shallow bins or boxes with perforated or slatted bottoms, which deter decay by allowing air to circulate. Because harvest occurs in late autumn, cranberries for fresh market are frequently stored in thick walled barns without mechanical refrigeration. Temperatures are regulated by opening and closing vents in the barn as needed. Cranberries destined for processing are usually frozen in bulk containers shortly after arriving at a receiving station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diseases">Diseases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Diseases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vaccinium_diseases" title="List of Vaccinium diseases">List of <i>Vaccinium</i> diseases</a></div> <p>Diseases of cranberry include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_fruit_rot" title="Cranberry fruit rot">Cranberry fruit rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_root_rot" title="Cranberry root rot">Cranberry root rot</a></li> <li>Cranberry false blossom disease, caused by a <a href="/wiki/Phytoplasma" title="Phytoplasma">phytoplasma</a> that is <a href="/wiki/Disease_vector" title="Disease vector">vectored</a> by the blunt-nosed leafhopper (<i><a href="/wiki/Limotettix" title="Limotettix">Limotettix</a> vaccinii</i>), and prevents the plant from creating fertile flowers and thus berries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insect_Pests">Insect Pests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Insect Pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Probably due to the high phenolics and plant defenses, in addition to the harsh environments that cranberries are grown under (acid, sandy soils that get flooded every year), a majority of insect <a href="/wiki/Pest_(organism)" title="Pest (organism)">pests</a> associated with cranberries are native to the cranberry's home range of North America. The top studied insect pests of cranberries include:<sup id="cite_ref-yah_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sparganothis_sulfureana" title="Sparganothis sulfureana">Sparganothis sulfureana</a></i> (Sparganothis fruitworm), a <a href="/wiki/Tortricidae" title="Tortricidae">leafrolling moth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acrobasis_vaccinii" title="Acrobasis vaccinii">Acrobasis vaccinii</a></i> (cranberry fruitworm), a <a href="/wiki/Pyralidae" title="Pyralidae">snout moth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhopobota_naevana" title="Rhopobota naevana">Rhopobota naevana</a></i> (blackheaded fireworm), a <a href="/wiki/Tortricidae" title="Tortricidae">leafrolling moth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Choristoneura_parallela" title="Choristoneura parallela">Choristoneura parallela</a></i> (spotted fireworm), a <a href="/wiki/Tortricidae" title="Tortricidae">leafrolling moth</a></li></ul> <p>All four of these top studied insect pests are direct pests, eating the berries. </p><p>Other well studied cranberry pests include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limotettix" title="Limotettix">Limotettix</a> vaccinii</i> (blunt-nosed leafhopper), a <a href="/wiki/Cicadellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicadellidae">leafhopper</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lymantria_dispar" title="Lymantria dispar">Lymantria dispar</a></i> (spongy moth), an invasive <a href="/wiki/Erebidae" title="Erebidae">moth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasineura" title="Dasineura">Dasineura</a> oxycoccana</i> (cranberry tipworm), a <a href="/wiki/Cecidomyiidae" title="Cecidomyiidae">gall-forming midge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysoteuchia_topiarius" title="Chrysoteuchia topiarius">Chrysoteuchia topiarius</a></i> (cranberry girdler), a <a href="/wiki/Crambidae" title="Crambidae">snout moth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthonomus_musculus" title="Anthonomus musculus">Anthonomus musculus</a></i> (cranberry weevil), a <a href="/wiki/Curculionidae" title="Curculionidae">weevil</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Systena_frontalis" title="Systena frontalis">Systena frontalis</a></i> (red-headed flea beetle), a <a href="/wiki/Chrysomelidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysomelidae">flea beetle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otiorhynchus_sulcatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Otiorhynchus sulcatus">Otiorhynchus sulcatus</a></i> (black vine weevil), an invasive <a href="/wiki/Curculionidae" title="Curculionidae">weevil</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anomala_orientalis" title="Anomala orientalis">Anomala orientalis</a></i> (oriental beetle), an invasive <a href="/wiki/Scarabaeidae" title="Scarabaeidae">scarab beetle</a></li></ul> <p>As more and more pesticides become banned due to environmental concern, there are increased resurgences of secondary pests.<sup id="cite_ref-yah_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, world production of cranberry was 582,924 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, with the United States and Canada together accounting for 99% of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> (59% of US production) and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> (60% of Canadian production) are two of the largest producers of cranberries in the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-ers_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-payne_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-payne-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cranberries are also a major commercial crop in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-yah_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> (33% of Canadian production).<sup id="cite_ref-payne_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-payne-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_safety_concerns">Possible safety concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Possible safety concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulant</a> effects of <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a> may be increased by consuming cranberry juice, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a> such as increased incidence of bleeding and <a href="/wiki/Bruising" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruising">bruising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mskcc_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mskcc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other safety concerns from consuming large quantities of cranberry juice or using cranberry supplements include potential for nausea, and increasing stomach inflammation, sugar intake or <a href="/wiki/Kidney_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidney stone">kidney stone</a> formation.<sup id="cite_ref-mskcc_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mskcc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cranberry" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cranberry"> Cranberry</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Cranberries, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">46 kcal (190 kJ)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">12 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.3 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.6 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.1 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.5 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.012 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.02 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.101 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.295 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.057 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 1 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">16%</div> 14 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 1.3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 5 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 8 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">16%</div> 0.36 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 11 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 80 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.1 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">87 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1102706/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raw cranberries are 87% water, 12% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, and contain negligible <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> and fat (table). In a 100 gram reference amount, raw cranberries supply 46 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> and moderate levels of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, and the essential <a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary mineral">dietary mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, each with more than 10% of its <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a> have low content (table). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dried_cranberry" title="Dried cranberry">Dried cranberries</a> are commonly processed with up to 10 times their natural <a href="/wiki/Added_sugar" title="Added sugar">sugar content</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USDA-dried_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-dried-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drying process also eliminates vitamin C content.<sup id="cite_ref-USDA-dried_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA-dried-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In North America, the <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people">Narragansett people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian nation</a> in the regions of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> appeared to be using cranberries in <a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">pemmican</a> for food and for dye.<sup id="cite_ref-aps_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calling the red berries, <i>sasemineash</i>, the Narragansett people may have introduced cranberries to colonists in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aps_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1550, James White Norwood made reference to Native Americans using cranberries, and it was the first reference to American cranberries up until this point.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In James Rosier's book <i>The Land of Virginia</i> there is an account of Europeans coming ashore and being met with Native Americans bearing bark cups full of cranberries. In Plymouth, Massachusetts, there is a 1633 account of the husband of Mary Ring auctioning her cranberry-dyed petticoat for 16 shillings. In 1643, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/A_Key_into_the_Language_of_America" title="A Key into the Language of America">A Key into the Language of America</a></i> described cranberries, referring to them as "bearberries" because bears ate them. In 1648, preacher John Elliott was quoted in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shepard_(minister)" title="Thomas Shepard (minister)">Thomas Shepard's</a> book <i>Clear Sunshine of the Gospel</i> with an account of the difficulties the Pilgrims were having in using the Indians to harvest cranberries as they preferred to hunt and fish. In 1663, the Pilgrim cookbook appears with a recipe for cranberry sauce. In 1667, New Englanders sent to <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles</a> ten barrels of cranberries, three barrels of codfish and some Indian corn as a means of appeasement for his anger over their local coining of the <a href="/wiki/Pine_tree_shilling" title="Pine tree shilling">pine tree shilling</a> minted by <a href="/wiki/John_Hull_(merchant)" title="John Hull (merchant)">John Hull</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1669, Captain Richard Cobb had a banquet in his house (to celebrate both his marriage to Mary Gorham and his election to the Convention of Assistance), serving wild turkey with sauce made from wild cranberries. In the 1672 book <i>New England Rarities Discovered</i> author <a href="/wiki/John_Josselyn" title="John Josselyn">John Josselyn</a> described cranberries, writing:</p><blockquote><p>Sauce for the Pilgrims, cranberry or bearberry, is a small trayling [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] plant that grows in salt marshes that are overgrown with moss. The berries are of a pale yellow color, afterwards red, as big as a cherry, some perfectly round, others oval, all of them hollow with sower [<i>sic</i>] astringent taste; they are ripe in August and September. They are excellent against the Scurvy. They are also good to allay the fervor of hoof diseases. The Indians and English use them mush, boyling [<i>sic</i>] them with sugar for sauce to eat with their meat; and it is a delicate sauce, especially with roasted mutton. Some make tarts with them as with gooseberries.</p></blockquote> <p><i>The Compleat Cook's Guide</i>, published in 1683, made reference to cranberry juice. In 1703, cranberries were served at the Harvard University commencement dinner. In 1787, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> wrote <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> in France for background information on constitutional government to use at the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a>. Jefferson sent back a number of books on the subject and in return asked for a gift of apples, pecans and cranberries. <a href="/wiki/William_Aiton" title="William Aiton">William Aiton</a>, a Scottish botanist, included an entry for the cranberry in volume II of his 1789 work <i><a href="/wiki/Hortus_Kewensis" title="Hortus Kewensis">Hortus Kewensis</a></i>. He notes that <i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon">Vaccinium macrocarpon</a></i> (American cranberry) was cultivated by James Gordon in 1760. In 1796, cranberries were served at the first celebration of the landing of the Pilgrims, and Amelia Simmons (an American orphan) wrote a book entitled <i>American Cookery</i> which contained a recipe for cranberry tarts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Products">Products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried-Cranberries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dried-Cranberries.png/250px-Dried-Cranberries.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dried-Cranberries.png/330px-Dried-Cranberries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Dried-Cranberries.png/500px-Dried-Cranberries.png 2x" data-file-width="5154" data-file-height="3436" /></a><figcaption>Dried cranberries</figcaption></figure> <p>As fresh cranberries are hard, sour, and bitter, about 95% of cranberries are processed and used to make <a href="/wiki/Cranberry_juice" title="Cranberry juice">cranberry juice</a> and sauce. They are also sold dried and sweetened.<sup id="cite_ref-zeldes_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeldes-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uw_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uw-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cranberry juice is usually sweetened or blended with other fruit juices to reduce its natural tartness. At four teaspoons of sugar per 100 grams (one teaspoon per ounce), cranberry juice cocktail is more highly sweetened than even soda drinks that have been linked to obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Usually cranberries as fruit are cooked into a <a href="/wiki/Compote" title="Compote">compote</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jelly_(fruit_preserves)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelly (fruit preserves)">jelly</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">cranberry sauce</a>. Such preparations are traditionally served with roast <a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">turkey</a>, as a staple of Thanksgiving (both <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">in Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">in the United States</a>) as well as English dinners. The berry is also used in baking (<a href="/wiki/Muffin" title="Muffin">muffins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scones" class="mw-redirect" title="Scones">scones</a>, cakes and <a href="/wiki/Breads" class="mw-redirect" title="Breads">breads</a>). In baking it is often combined with orange or <a href="/wiki/Orange_zest" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange zest">orange zest</a>. Less commonly, cranberries are used to add tartness to savory dishes such as soups and stews.<sup id="cite_ref-zeldes_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeldes-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fresh cranberries can be frozen at home, and will keep up to nine months; they can be used directly in recipes without thawing.<sup id="cite_ref-uw_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uw-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several alcoholic cocktails, including the <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(cocktail)" title="Cosmopolitan (cocktail)">cosmopolitan</a>, that include cranberry juice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urinary_tract_infections">Urinary tract infections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Urinary tract infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2023 <a href="/wiki/Cochrane_(organisation)" title="Cochrane (organisation)">Cochrane</a> <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a> of 50 studies concluded there is evidence that consuming cranberry products (such as juice or capsules) is effective for reducing the risk of <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">urinary tract infections</a> (UTIs) in women with recurrent UTIs, in children, and in people susceptible to UTIs following clinical interventions; there was little evidence of effect in elderly people, those with <a href="/wiki/Urination#Disorders" title="Urination">urination disorders</a> or pregnant women.<sup id="cite_ref-Cochrane2023_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochrane2023-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the quality of <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analyses</a> on the efficacy of consuming cranberry products for preventing or treating UTIs is examined with the weaker evidence that is available, large variation and uncertainty of effects are seen, resulting from inconsistencies of <a href="/wiki/Clinical_research" title="Clinical research">clinical research</a> design and inadequate numbers of subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-liska_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liska-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a> reviewed the evidence for one brand of cranberry extract and concluded that a <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">cause and effect relationship</a> had not been established between cranberry consumption and reduced risk of UTIs.<sup id="cite_ref-efsa_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efsa-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2022 review of international <a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">urology</a> guidelines on UTI found that most clinical organizations felt the evidence for use of cranberry products to inhibit UTIs was conflicting, unconvincing or weak.<sup id="cite_ref-kwok_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwok-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phytochemicals">Phytochemicals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Phytochemicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raw cranberries, cranberry juice and cranberry extracts are a source of <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">polyphenols</a> – including <a href="/wiki/Proanthocyanidin" title="Proanthocyanidin">proanthocyanidins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flavonol" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavonol">flavonols</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">quercetin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">phytochemical</a> compounds are being studied <a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a> and <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a> for possible effects on the cardiovascular system, immune system and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-blumberg_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blumberg-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mskcc_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mskcc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is no confirmation from human studies that consuming cranberry polyphenols provides anti-cancer, immune, or cardiovascular benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-mskcc_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mskcc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potential is limited by poor <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">absorption</a> and rapid excretion.<sup id="cite_ref-blumberg_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blumberg-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cranberry juice contains a high <a href="/wiki/Molecular_mass" title="Molecular mass">molecular weight</a> non-<a href="/wiki/Dialysis_(chemistry)" title="Dialysis (chemistry)">dializable</a> material that is under research for its potential to affect formation of <a href="/wiki/Dental_plaque" title="Dental plaque">plaque</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_mutans" title="Streptococcus mutans">Streptococcus mutans</a></i> pathogens that cause tooth decay.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cranberry juice components are also being studied for possible effects on <a href="/wiki/Kidney_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidney stone">kidney stone</a> formation.<sup id="cite_ref-mskcc_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mskcc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extract_quality">Extract quality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Extract quality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Problems may arise with the lack of validation for quantifying of <a href="/wiki/A-type_proanthocyanidin" title="A-type proanthocyanidin">A-type proanthocyanidins</a> (PAC) extracted from cranberries. For instance, PAC extract quality and content can be performed using different methods including the <a href="/wiki/European_Pharmacopoeia" title="European Pharmacopoeia">European Pharmacopoeia</a> method, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_chromatography%E2%80%93mass_spectrometry" title="Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry">liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a modified <a href="/wiki/4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde">4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde</a> <a href="/wiki/Colorimetric" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorimetric">colorimetric</a> method.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variations in extract analysis can lead to difficulties in assessing the quality of PAC extracts from different cranberry starting material, such as by regional origin, ripeness at time of harvest and post-harvest processing. Assessments show that quality varies greatly from one commercial PAC extract product to another.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing_and_economics">Marketing and economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Marketing and economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cranberry sales in the United States have traditionally been associated with holidays of <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> and Christmas. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annual_Crops_of_Cranberries,_1907_to_1935,_American_Cranberry_Exchange.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Annual_Crops_of_Cranberries%2C_1907_to_1935%2C_American_Cranberry_Exchange.png/220px-Annual_Crops_of_Cranberries%2C_1907_to_1935%2C_American_Cranberry_Exchange.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Annual_Crops_of_Cranberries%2C_1907_to_1935%2C_American_Cranberry_Exchange.png/330px-Annual_Crops_of_Cranberries%2C_1907_to_1935%2C_American_Cranberry_Exchange.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Annual_Crops_of_Cranberries%2C_1907_to_1935%2C_American_Cranberry_Exchange.png/440px-Annual_Crops_of_Cranberries%2C_1907_to_1935%2C_American_Cranberry_Exchange.png 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1018" /></a><figcaption>Annual U.S. crops of cranberries, 1907 to 1935</figcaption></figure> <p>In the U.S., large-scale cranberry cultivation has been developed as opposed to other countries. American cranberry growers have a long history of cooperative marketing. As early as 1904, John Gaynor, a Wisconsin grower, and A.U. Chaney, a fruit broker from Des Moines, Iowa, organized Wisconsin growers into a cooperative called the Wisconsin Cranberry Sales Company to receive a uniform price from buyers. Growers in New Jersey and Massachusetts were also organized into cooperatives, creating the National Fruit Exchange that marketed fruit under the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eatmor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eatmor (page does not exist)">Eatmor</a> brand. The success of cooperative marketing almost led to its failure. With consistent and high prices, area and production doubled between 1903 and 1917 and prices fell. </p><p>With surplus cranberries and changing American households some enterprising growers began canning cranberries that were below-grade for fresh market. Competition between canners was fierce because profits were thin. The <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Spray_(cooperative)" title="Ocean Spray (cooperative)">Ocean Spray</a> cooperative was established in 1930 through a merger of three primary processing companies: Ocean Spray Preserving company, Makepeace Preserving Co, and Cranberry Products Co. The new company was called Cranberry Canners, Inc. and used the Ocean Spray label on their products. Since the new company represented over 90% of the market, it would have been illegal under American antitrust laws had attorney John Quarles not found an exemption for <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_cooperative" title="Agricultural cooperative">agricultural cooperatives</a>. As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, about 65% of the North American industry belongs to the Ocean Spray cooperative.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Morris April Brothers—who produced Eatmor brand cranberry sauce in Tuckahoe, New Jersey—brought an action against Ocean Spray for violation of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act" title="Sherman Antitrust Act">Sherman Antitrust Act</a> and won $200,000 in real damages plus triple damages,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> just in time for the Great Cranberry Scare: on 9 November 1959, Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare">United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_S._Flemming" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur S. Flemming">Arthur S. Flemming</a> announced that some of the 1959 cranberry crop was tainted with traces of the herbicide <a href="/wiki/Aminotriazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminotriazole">aminotriazole</a>. The market for cranberries collapsed and growers lost millions of dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-zeldes_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeldes-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the scare taught the industry that they could not be completely dependent on the holiday market for their products; they had to find year-round markets for their fruit. They also had to be exceedingly careful about their use of pesticides. After the aminotriazole scare, Ocean Spray reorganized and spent substantial sums on product development. New products such as cranberry-apple juice blends were introduced, followed by other juice blends. </p><p>Prices and production increased steadily during the 1980s and 1990s. Prices peaked at about $65.00 per barrel ($0.65 per pound or $1.43 per kilogram)—a cranberry barrel equals 100 pounds or 45.4 kilograms—in 1996 then fell to $18.00 per barrel ($0.18 per pound or $0.40 per kilogram) in 2001. The cause for the precipitous drop was classic oversupply. Production had outpaced consumption leading to substantial inventory in freezers or as concentrate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cranberry handlers (processors) include <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Spray_(cooperative)" title="Ocean Spray (cooperative)">Ocean Spray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cliffstar" title="Cliffstar">Cliffstar Corporation</a>, Northland Cranberries Inc. (Sun Northland LLC), Clement Pappas & Co., and Decas Cranberry Products as well as a number of small handlers and processors.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cranberry_Marketing_Committee">Cranberry Marketing Committee</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cranberry Marketing Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cranberry Marketing Committee is an organization that was established in 1962 as a Federal Marketing Order to ensure a stable, orderly supply of good quality product.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order has been renewed and modified slightly over the years. The market order has been invoked during six crop years: 1962 (12%), 1963 (5%), 1970 (10%), 1971 (12%), 2000 (15%), and 2001 (35%). Even though supply still exceeds demand, there is little will to invoke the Federal Marketing Order out of the realization that any pullback in supply by U.S. growers would easily be filled by Canadian production. </p><p>The Cranberry Marketing Committee, based in Wareham, Massachusetts, represents more than 1,100 cranberry growers and 60 cranberry handlers across Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington and New York (<a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>). The authority for the actions taken by the Cranberry Marketing Committee is provided in Chapter IX, Title 7, Code of Federal Regulations which is called the Federal Cranberry Marketing Order. The Order is part of the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, identifying cranberries as a commodity good that can be regulated by Congress. The Federal Cranberry Marketing Order has been altered over the years to expand the Cranberry Marketing Committee's ability to develop projects in the United States and around the world. The Cranberry Marketing Committee currently runs promotional programs in the United States, China, India, Mexico, Pan-Europe, and South Korea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_trade">International trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: International trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the European Union was the largest importer of American cranberries, followed individually by Canada, China, Mexico, and South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2013 to 2017, U.S. cranberry exports to China grew exponentially, making China the second largest country importer, reaching $36 million in cranberry products.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a> resulted in many Chinese businesses cutting off ties with their U.S. cranberry suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stac10-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stac10_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStace2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Stace" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive Stace">Stace, Clive</a> (2010), <i>New Flora of the British Isles</i> (3rd ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p. 512, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-70772-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-70772-5"><bdi>978-0-521-70772-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Flora+of+the+British+Isles&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=512&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-70772-5&rft.aulast=Stace&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usdaplants-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usdaplants_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNRCS" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">NRCS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/VAMA">"<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>"</a>. <i>PLANTS Database</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLANTS+Database&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EVaccinium+macrocarpon%3C%2Fi%3E&rft.au=NRCS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplants.sc.egov.usda.gov%2Fplant-profile%2FVAMA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206023238/http://www.cranberries.org/cranberries/grow_intro.html">"How Cranberries Grow: "Cranberries 101" – An Introduction"</a>. Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association. 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cranberries.org/cranberries/grow_intro.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Cranberries+Grow%3A+%22Cranberries+101%22+%E2%80%93+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Cape+Cod+Cranberry+Growers%27+Association&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cranberries.org%2Fcranberries%2Fgrow_intro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Clemants" class="citation web cs1">Steven Clemants. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823125439/http://nymf.bbg.org/profile_species_tech.asp?id=412">"<i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>: Small Cranberry, Technical Page"</a>. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymf.bbg.org/profile_species_tech.asp?id=412">the original</a> on 23 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vaccinium+oxycoccos%3A+Small+Cranberry%2C+Technical+Page&rft.pub=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.au=Steven+Clemants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymf.bbg.org%2Fprofile_species_tech.asp%3Fid%3D412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarol_Cloud_Bailey2009" class="citation web cs1">Carol Cloud Bailey (19 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcpalm.com/news/2009/nov/19/give-thanks-for-cranberries-grown-with-a-taste">"Garden Tips: Give thanks for cranberries, grown with a taste of Florida"</a>. <i>TCPalm.com</i>. Scripps Interactive Newspapers Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCPalm.com&rft.atitle=Garden+Tips%3A+Give+thanks+for+cranberries%2C+grown+with+a+taste+of+Florida&rft.date=2009-11-19&rft.au=Carol+Cloud+Bailey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcpalm.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2Fnov%2F19%2Fgive-thanks-for-cranberries-grown-with-a-taste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109050831/http://www.cranberryinstitute.org/about_cranberry.htm">"About Cranberries"</a>. Cranberry Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cranberryinstitute.org/about_cranberry.htm">the original</a> on 9 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Cranberries&rft.pub=Cranberry+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cranberryinstitute.org%2Fabout_cranberry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeith" class="citation web cs1">Keith, Gabriel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extension.sdstate.edu/cranberries-colorful-and-nutritious-fruit">"Cranberries: A colorful and nutritious fruit"</a>. South Dakota State University Extension<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberries%3A+A+colorful+and+nutritious+fruit&rft.pub=South+Dakota+State+University+Extension&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.sdstate.edu%2Fcranberries-colorful-and-nutritious-fruit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/cranberry">"Encyclopaedia Britannica: Cranberry"</a>. 23 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%3A+Cranberry&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplant%2Fcranberry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacquemart1997" class="citation journal cs1">Jacquemart, Anne-Laure (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235743745">"<i>Vaccinium Oxycoccos</i> L. (<i>Oxycoccus Palustris</i> Pers.) and <i>Vaccinium Microcarpum</i> (Turcz. ex Rupr.) Schmalh. (<i>Oxycoccus Microcarpus</i> Turcz. ex Rupr.)"</a>. <i>Journal of Ecology</i>. <b>85</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">381–</span>396. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JEcol..85..381J">1997JEcol..85..381J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2960511">10.2307/2960511</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2960511">2960511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ecology&rft.atitle=Vaccinium+Oxycoccos+L.+%28Oxycoccus+Palustris+Pers.%29+and+Vaccinium+Microcarpum+%28Turcz.+ex+Rupr.%29+Schmalh.+%28Oxycoccus+Microcarpus+Turcz.+ex+Rupr.%29&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E381-%3C%2Fspan%3E396&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2960511%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2960511&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997JEcol..85..381J&rft.aulast=Jacquemart&rft.aufirst=Anne-Laure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F235743745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaculty_of_Natural_Resources_Management" class="citation web cs1">Faculty of Natural Resources Management. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020225121823/http://www.borealforest.org/shrubs/shrub29.htm">"<i>Oxycoccus microcarpus</i> Small Cranberry"</a>. <i>borealforest.org</i>. Lakehead University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borealforest.org/shrubs/shrub29.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=borealforest.org&rft.atitle=Oxycoccus+microcarpus+Small+Cranberry&rft.au=Faculty+of+Natural+Resources+Management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borealforest.org%2Fshrubs%2Fshrub29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/c.php?g=177896&p=1169823">"American Cranberry (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>) : FAQ"</a>. Research Guides, University of Wisconsin Libraries, Madison, WI. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Cranberry+%28Vaccinium+macrocarpon%29+%3A+FAQ&rft.pub=Research+Guides%2C+University+of+Wisconsin+Libraries%2C+Madison%2C+WI&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchguides.library.wisc.edu%2Fc.php%3Fg%3D177896%26p%3D1169823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/cranberry">"Cranberry"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberry&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary%2C+Douglas+Harper&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fcranberry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aps-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aps_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aps_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aps_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aps_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aps_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aps_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaruso_FLBristow_PROudemans_PV2000" class="citation journal cs1">Caruso FL; Bristow PR; Oudemans PV (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003544/http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Cranberries.aspx">"Cranberries: The Most Intriguing Native North American Fruit"</a>. <i>Apsnet Feature Articles</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1094%2FAPSnetFeature-2000-1100">10.1094/APSnetFeature-2000-1100</a> (inactive 12 November 2024). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Cranberries.aspx">the original</a> on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apsnet+Feature+Articles&rft.atitle=Cranberries%3A+The+Most+Intriguing+Native+North+American+Fruit&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1094%2FAPSnetFeature-2000-1100&rft.au=Caruso+FL&rft.au=Bristow+PR&rft.au=Oudemans+PV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apsnet.org%2Fpublications%2Fapsnetfeatures%2FPages%2FCranberries.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yah-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yah_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yah_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yah_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yah_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yah_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yah_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yah_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBen-Zvi,_Y.Rodriguez-Saona,_C.2023" class="citation journal cs1">Ben-Zvi, Y.; Rodriguez-Saona, C. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffagro.2023.1006106">"Advances in cranberry insect pest management: A literature synthesis"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Agronomy</i>. <b>5</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffagro.2023.1006106">10.3389/fagro.2023.1006106</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Agronomy&rft.atitle=Advances+in+cranberry+insect+pest+management%3A+A+literature+synthesis&rft.volume=5&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffagro.2023.1006106&rft.au=Ben-Zvi%2C+Y.&rft.au=Rodriguez-Saona%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3389%252Ffagro.2023.1006106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ers-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ers_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ers_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=102649">"Cranberry production in top-producing States to increase modestly in 2021"</a>. Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. 24 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberry+production+in+top-producing+States+to+increase+modestly+in+2021&rft.pub=Economic+Research+Service%2C+US+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ers.usda.gov%2Fdata-products%2Fchart-gallery%2Fgallery%2Fchart-detail%2F%3FchartId%3D102649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nic-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nic_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.rutgers.edu/agricultural-products/cranberries#varieties">"Rutgers Cranberries"</a>. Rutgers University Office of Research. 23 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rutgers+Cranberries&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Office+of+Research&rft.date=2024-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.rutgers.edu%2Fagricultural-products%2Fcranberries%23varieties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorales2022" class="citation news cs1">Morales, Christina (17 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/17/dining/canned-jellied-cranberry-sauce-thanksgiving.html">"How Jellied Cranberry Sauce Is Made"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117053845/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/17/dining/canned-jellied-cranberry-sauce-thanksgiving.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Jellied+Cranberry+Sauce+Is+Made&rft.date=2022-11-17&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F11%2F17%2Fdining%2Fcanned-jellied-cranberry-sauce-thanksgiving.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHutton2023" class="citation news cs1">Hutton, Rachel (16 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.startribune.com/cranberry-harvest-minnesota-wisconsin-ocean-spray-forster/600320148/">"There's only one cranberry farm in Minnesota, and it's run by a 21-year-old woman and her brother"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Tribune">Star Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=There%27s+only+one+cranberry+farm+in+Minnesota%2C+and+it%27s+run+by+a+21-year-old+woman+and+her+brother&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.startribune.com%2Fcranberry-harvest-minnesota-wisconsin-ocean-spray-forster%2F600320148%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ag.umass.edu/cranberry/about/cranberry">"The Cranberry"</a>. <i>Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment</i>. 7 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Agriculture%2C+Food+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=The+Cranberry&rft.date=2015-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fag.umass.edu%2Fcranberry%2Fabout%2Fcranberry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarolyn_J._DeMoranvilleHilary_A._SandlerFrank_L._Caruso2001" class="citation web cs1">Carolyn J. DeMoranville; Hilary A. Sandler & Frank L. Caruso (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umass.edu/cranberry/downloads/Planting%20New%20Cranberry%20Beds.pdf">"Planting New Cranberry Beds: Recommendations and management"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Massachusetts, Cranberry Experiment Station. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529141004/http://www.umass.edu/cranberry/downloads/Planting%20New%20Cranberry%20Beds.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planting+New+Cranberry+Beds%3A+Recommendations+and+management&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts%2C+Cranberry+Experiment+Station&rft.date=2001-06&rft.au=Carolyn+J.+DeMoranville&rft.au=Hilary+A.+Sandler&rft.au=Frank+L.+Caruso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umass.edu%2Fcranberry%2Fdownloads%2FPlanting%2520New%2520Cranberry%2520Beds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173614/http://www.carlislema.gov/pages/carlislema_concomm/Alternatives%20for%20the%20Future%20of%20Carlisle%27s%20Cranberry%20Bog%202017/Reports%20on%20the%20Ten%20Alternatives/11%20-%20Alternative%204%20-%20Bog%20Renovation.pdf">"Alternative 4 – Bog Renovation for Cranberry Growing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Town of Carlisle, Massachusetts</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlislema.gov/pages/carlislema_concomm/Alternatives%20for%20the%20Future%20of%20Carlisle%27s%20Cranberry%20Bog%202017/Reports%20on%20the%20Ten%20Alternatives/11%20-%20Alternative%204%20-%20Bog%20Renovation.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Town+of+Carlisle%2C+Massachusetts&rft.atitle=Alternative+4+%E2%80%93+Bog+Renovation+for+Cranberry+Growing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carlislema.gov%2Fpages%2Fcarlislema_concomm%2FAlternatives%2520for%2520the%2520Future%2520of%2520Carlisle%2527s%2520Cranberry%2520Bog%25202017%2FReports%2520on%2520the%2520Ten%2520Alternatives%2F11%2520-%2520Alternative%25204%2520-%2520Bog%2520Renovation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAngier1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Angier" title="Bradford Angier">Angier, Bradford</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetoedib00angi/page/66/mode/2up"><i>Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants</i></a>. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8117-0616-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8117-0616-8"><bdi>0-8117-0616-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/799792">799792</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Guide+to+Edible+Wild+Plants&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+PA&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F799792&rft.isbn=0-8117-0616-8&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Bradford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffieldguidetoedib00angi%2Fpage%2F66%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507021146/https://stonebridgefarmevents.com/wet-picking/">"Wet Picking"</a>. <i>Stone Bridge Farm</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stonebridgefarmevents.com/wet-picking/">the original</a> on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stone+Bridge+Farm&rft.atitle=Wet+Picking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstonebridgefarmevents.com%2Fwet-picking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umass.edu/cranberry/pubs/bmp_fruit.html">"Fresh Fruit Production BMP: Publications UMass Cranberry Station"</a>. <i>www.umass.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.umass.edu&rft.atitle=Fresh+Fruit+Production+BMP%3A+Publications+UMass+Cranberry+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umass.edu%2Fcranberry%2Fpubs%2Fbmp_fruit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faostat-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faostat_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC">"Cranberry production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"</a>. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberry+production+in+2022%2C+Crops%2FRegions%2FWorld+list%2FProduction+Quantity%2FYear+%28pick+lists%29&rft.pub=UN+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization%2C+Corporate+Statistical+Database+%28FAOSTAT%29&rft.date=2024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-payne-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-payne_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-payne_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRonda_Payne2019" class="citation web cs1">Ronda Payne (2 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fruitandveggie.com/crazy-for-cranberries-in-canada-20713/">"Crazy for cranberries in Canada"</a>. Fruit & Vegetable, Annex Business Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crazy+for+cranberries+in+Canada&rft.pub=Fruit+%26+Vegetable%2C+Annex+Business+Media&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft.au=Ronda+Payne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fruitandveggie.com%2Fcrazy-for-cranberries-in-canada-20713%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscranberries.com/about-cranberries/cultivation/">"Cranberry cultivation"</a>. US Cranberries. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberry+cultivation&rft.pub=US+Cranberries&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscranberries.com%2Fabout-cranberries%2Fcultivation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mskcc-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mskcc_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mskcc_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mskcc_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mskcc_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mskcc_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/cranberry">"Cranberry"</a>. New York: Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Gerstner+Sloan+Kettering+Graduate+School+of+Biomedical+Sciences%2C+Memorial+Sloan+Kettering+Cancer+Center&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mskcc.org%2Fcancer-care%2Fintegrative-medicine%2Fherbs%2Fcranberry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhamPham2007" class="citation journal cs1">Pham DQ, Pham AQ (March 2007). "Interaction potential between cranberry juice and warfarin". <i>Am J Health Syst Pharm</i>. <b>64</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">490–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2146%2Fajhp060370">10.2146/ajhp060370</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17322161">17322161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+J+Health+Syst+Pharm&rft.atitle=Interaction+potential+between+cranberry+juice+and+warfarin&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E490-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2146%2Fajhp060370&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17322161&rft.aulast=Pham&rft.aufirst=DQ&rft.au=Pham%2C+AQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/">"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TABLE+4-7+Comparison+of+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+This+Report+to+Potassium+Adequate+Intakes+Established+in+the+2005+DRI+Report&rft.pages=120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545428%2Ftable%2Ftab_4_7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span> In: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStallingsHarrisonOria2019" class="citation book cs1">Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". <i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F25353">10.17226/25353</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bookshelf_ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookshelf ID (identifier)">NCBI</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428">NBK545428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium%3A+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Adequacy&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F25353&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDA-dried-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USDA-dried_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDA-dried_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403171801/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1102630/nutrients">"Cranberries, dried (survey)"</a>. FoodData Central, US Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/1102630/nutrients">the original</a> on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberries%2C+dried+%28survey%29&rft.pub=FoodData+Central%2C+US+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffdc.nal.usda.gov%2Ffdc-app.html%23%2Ffood-details%2F1102630%2Fnutrients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBroussardRaoStephenWhite2011" class="citation journal cs1">Broussard, Melissa; Rao, Sujaya; Stephen, William P.; White, Linda (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21273%2Fhortsci.46.6.885">"Native Bees, Honeybees, and Pollination in Oregon Cranberries"</a>. <i>HortScience</i>. <b>46</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">885–</span>888. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21273%2Fhortsci.46.6.885">10.21273/hortsci.46.6.885</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-5345">0018-5345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HortScience&rft.atitle=Native+Bees%2C+Honeybees%2C+and+Pollination+in+Oregon+Cranberries&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E885-%3C%2Fspan%3E888&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21273%2Fhortsci.46.6.885&rft.issn=0018-5345&rft.aulast=Broussard&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.au=Rao%2C+Sujaya&rft.au=Stephen%2C+William+P.&rft.au=White%2C+Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21273%252Fhortsci.46.6.885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zeldes-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zeldes_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zeldes_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zeldes_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZeldes2009" class="citation web cs1">Zeldes, Leah A. (25 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100201233420/http://blog.diningchicago.com/2009/11/25/eat-this-cranberries-more-than-a-thanksgiving-condiment/">"Eat this! Cranberries more than a thanksgiving condiment"</a>. <i>Dining Chicago</i>. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.diningchicago.com/2009/11/25/eat-this-cranberries-more-than-a-thanksgiving-condiment/">the original</a> on 1 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dining+Chicago&rft.atitle=Eat+this%21+Cranberries+more+than+a+thanksgiving+condiment&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft.aulast=Zeldes&rft.aufirst=Leah+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.diningchicago.com%2F2009%2F11%2F25%2Feat-this-cranberries-more-than-a-thanksgiving-condiment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uw-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uw_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uw_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/content.php?pid=87646&sid=652165">"The American Cranberry-Basic Information on Cranberries"</a>. Library.wisc.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+American+Cranberry-Basic+Information+on+Cranberries&rft.pub=Library.wisc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearchguides.library.wisc.edu%2Fcontent.php%3Fpid%3D87646%26sid%3D652165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalvan" class="citation web cs1">Calvan, Bobby Caina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2012/06/24/under-siege-war-against-sugary-drinks-cranberry-industry-hopes-battle-back/4Ki1sEpAMI4cms9ZdgS9CK/story.html">"Cranberry industry seeks to avoid school ban - The Boston Globe"</a>. <i>BostonGlobe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BostonGlobe.com&rft.atitle=Cranberry+industry+seeks+to+avoid+school+ban+-+The+Boston+Globe&rft.aulast=Calvan&rft.aufirst=Bobby+Caina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2012%2F06%2F24%2Funder-siege-war-against-sugary-drinks-cranberry-industry-hopes-battle-back%2F4Ki1sEpAMI4cms9ZdgS9CK%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cochrane2023-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cochrane2023_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsStothartHahnStephens2023" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Gabrielle; Stothart, Christopher I.; Hahn, Deirdre; et al. (10 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636779">"Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2023</b> (11): CD001321. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD001321.pub7">10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-493X">1469-493X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636779">10636779</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37947276">37947276</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Cranberries+for+preventing+urinary+tract+infections&rft.volume=2023&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=CD001321&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10636779%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1469-493X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37947276&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD001321.pub7&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft.au=Stothart%2C+Christopher+I.&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Deirdre&rft.au=Stephens%2C+Jacqueline+H.&rft.au=Craig%2C+Jonathan+C.&rft.au=Hodson%2C+Elisabeth+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10636779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liska-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liska_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiskaKernMaki2016" class="citation journal cs1">Liska, D. J.; Kern, H. J.; Maki, K. C. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863270">"Cranberries and Urinary Tract Infections: How Can the Same Evidence Lead to Conflicting Advice?"</a>. <i>Advances in Nutrition</i>. <b>7</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">498–</span>506. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3945%2Fan.115.011197">10.3945/an.115.011197</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863270">4863270</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27184277">27184277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Cranberries+and+Urinary+Tract+Infections%3A+How+Can+the+Same+Evidence+Lead+to+Conflicting+Advice%3F&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E498-%3C%2Fspan%3E506&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4863270%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27184277&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3945%2Fan.115.011197&rft.aulast=Liska&rft.aufirst=D.+J.&rft.au=Kern%2C+H.+J.&rft.au=Maki%2C+K.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4863270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-efsa-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-efsa_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEFSA_Panel_on_Dietetic_Products,_Nutrition_and_Allergies_(NDA)2014" class="citation journal cs1">EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2014.3657">"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to CranMax® and reduction of the risk of urinary tract infection by inhibiting the adhesion of certain bacteria in the urinary tract pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061"</a>. <i>EFSA Journal</i>. <b>12</b> (5). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2014.3657">10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3657</a></span>. 3657.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EFSA+Journal&rft.atitle=Scientific+Opinion+on+the+substantiation+of+a+health+claim+related+to+CranMax%C2%AE+and+reduction+of+the+risk+of+urinary+tract+infection+by+inhibiting+the+adhesion+of+certain+bacteria+in+the+urinary+tract+pursuant+to+Article+14+of+Regulation+%28EC%29+No+1924%2F20061&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2014.3657&rft.au=EFSA+Panel+on+Dietetic+Products%2C+Nutrition+and+Allergies+%28NDA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2903%252Fj.efsa.2014.3657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kwok-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kwok_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKwokMcGeorgeMayer-CoverdaleGraves2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kwok M, McGeorge S, Mayer-Coverdale J, et al. (November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9790742">"Guideline of guidelines: management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women (table 2)"</a>. <i>British Journal of Urology International</i>. 130 Suppl 3 (Suppl 3): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbju.15756">10.1111/bju.15756</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9790742">9790742</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35579121">35579121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Urology+International&rft.atitle=Guideline+of+guidelines%3A+management+of+recurrent+urinary+tract+infections+in+women+%28table+2%29&rft.volume=130+Suppl+3&rft.issue=Suppl+3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9790742%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35579121&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fbju.15756&rft.aulast=Kwok&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=McGeorge%2C+S&rft.au=Mayer-Coverdale%2C+J&rft.au=Graves%2C+B&rft.au=Paterson%2C+DL&rft.au=Harris%2C+PN&rft.au=Esler%2C+R&rft.au=Dowling%2C+C&rft.au=Britton%2C+S&rft.au=Roberts%2C+MJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9790742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVvedenskayaVorsa2004" class="citation journal cs1">Vvedenskaya, Irina O; Vorsa, Nicholi (2004). "Flavonoid composition over fruit development and maturation in American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait". <i>Plant Science</i>. <b>167</b> (5): 1043. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PlnSc.167.1043V">2004PlnSc.167.1043V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.plantsci.2004.06.001">10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.06.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Science&rft.atitle=Flavonoid+composition+over+fruit+development+and+maturation+in+American+cranberry%2C+Vaccinium+macrocarpon+Ait&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1043&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.plantsci.2004.06.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PlnSc.167.1043V&rft.aulast=Vvedenskaya&rft.aufirst=Irina+O&rft.au=Vorsa%2C+Nicholi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuthieJenkinsonCrozier2006" class="citation journal cs1">Duthie SJ, Jenkinson AM, Crozier A, et al. (March 2006). "The effects of cranberry juice consumption on antioxidant status and biomarkers relating to heart disease and cancer in healthy human volunteers". <i>Eur J Nutr</i>. <b>45</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">113–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00394-005-0572-9">10.1007/s00394-005-0572-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16032375">16032375</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46727119">46727119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eur+J+Nutr&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+cranberry+juice+consumption+on+antioxidant+status+and+biomarkers+relating+to+heart+disease+and+cancer+in+healthy+human+volunteers&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46727119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16032375&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00394-005-0572-9&rft.aulast=Duthie&rft.aufirst=SJ&rft.au=Jenkinson%2C+AM&rft.au=Crozier%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhengWang2003" class="citation journal cs1">Zheng W, Wang SY (January 2003). "Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of phenolics in blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, and lingonberries". <i>J Agric Food Chem</i>. <b>51</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">502–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JAFC...51..502Z">2003JAFC...51..502Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf020728u">10.1021/jf020728u</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12517117">12517117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Agric+Food+Chem&rft.atitle=Oxygen+radical+absorbing+capacity+of+phenolics+in+blueberries%2C+cranberries%2C+chokeberries%2C+and+lingonberries&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E502-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2003-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12517117&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf020728u&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003JAFC...51..502Z&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Wang%2C+SY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blumberg-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blumberg_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blumberg_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlumbergCamesanoCassidyKris-Etherton2013" class="citation journal cs1">Blumberg, JB; Camesano, TA; Cassidy, A; Kris-Etherton, P; Howell, A; Manach, C; Ostertag, LM; Sies, H; Skulas-Ray, A; Vita, JA (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823508">"Cranberries and their bioactive constituents in human health"</a>. <i>Advances in Nutrition</i>. <b>4</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">618–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3945%2Fan.113.004473">10.3945/an.113.004473</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823508">3823508</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228191">24228191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Cranberries+and+their+bioactive+constituents+in+human+health&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E618-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3823508%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24228191&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3945%2Fan.113.004473&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=JB&rft.au=Camesano%2C+TA&rft.au=Cassidy%2C+A&rft.au=Kris-Etherton%2C+P&rft.au=Howell%2C+A&rft.au=Manach%2C+C&rft.au=Ostertag%2C+LM&rft.au=Sies%2C+H&rft.au=Skulas-Ray%2C+A&rft.au=Vita%2C+JA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3823508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiranda_Hill2005" class="citation web cs1">Miranda Hill (23 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/content/article/115/111780">"Blocking tooth decay"</a>. Webmd.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blocking+tooth+decay&rft.pub=Webmd.com&rft.date=2005-11-23&rft.au=Miranda+Hill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F115%2F111780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoo,_H.Nino_de_Guzman,_P.Schobel,_B.D.Vacca_Smith,_A.V.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Koo, H.; Nino de Guzman, P.; Schobel, B.D.; Vacca Smith, A.V. & Bowen W.H. (January 2006). "Influence of Cranberry Juice on Glucan-Mediated Processes Involved in Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Development". <i>Caries Research</i>. <b>40</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">20–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000088901">10.1159/000088901</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352876">16352876</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22205175">22205175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caries+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Cranberry+Juice+on+Glucan-Mediated+Processes+Involved+in+Streptococcus+mutans+Biofilm+Development.&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E20-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.date=2006-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22205175%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16352876&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000088901&rft.au=Koo%2C+H.&rft.au=Nino+de+Guzman%2C+P.&rft.au=Schobel%2C+B.D.&rft.au=Vacca+Smith%2C+A.V.&rft.au=Bowen+W.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcHargRodgersCharlton2003" class="citation journal cs1">McHarg T, Rodgers A, Charlton K (November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1464-410X.2003.04472.x">"Influence of cranberry juice on the urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate kidney stone formation"</a>. <i>BJU Int</i>. <b>92</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">765–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1464-410X.2003.04472.x">10.1046/j.1464-410X.2003.04472.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14616463">14616463</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39898498">39898498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BJU+Int.&rft.atitle=Influence+of+cranberry+juice+on+the+urinary+risk+factors+for+calcium+oxalate+kidney+stone+formation&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E765-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2003-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A39898498%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14616463&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1464-410X.2003.04472.x&rft.aulast=McHarg&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+A&rft.au=Charlton%2C+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1464-410X.2003.04472.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKesslerJansenHesse2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kessler T, Jansen B, Hesse A (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601442">"Effect of blackcurrant-, cranberry- and plum juice consumption on risk factors associated with kidney stone formation"</a>. <i>Eur J Clin Nutr</i>. <b>56</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">1020–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601442">10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601442</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12373623">12373623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eur+J+Clin+Nutr&rft.atitle=Effect+of+blackcurrant-%2C+cranberry-+and+plum+juice+consumption+on+risk+factors+associated+with+kidney+stone+formation&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1020-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601442&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12373623&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Jansen%2C+B&rft.au=Hesse%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fsj.ejcn.1601442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTarascouMazauricMeudecSouquet2011" class="citation journal cs1">Tarascou, Isabelle; Mazauric, Jean-Paul; Meudec, Emmanuelle; et al. (2011). "Characterisation of genuine and derived cranberry proanthocyanidins by LC–ESI-MS". <i>Food Chemistry</i>. <b>128</b> (3): 802. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2011.03.062">10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterisation+of+genuine+and+derived+cranberry+proanthocyanidins+by+LC%E2%80%93ESI-MS&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=802&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2011.03.062&rft.aulast=Tarascou&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft.au=Mazauric%2C+Jean-Paul&rft.au=Meudec%2C+Emmanuelle&rft.au=Souquet%2C+Jean-Marc&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+David&rft.au=Nojeim%2C+Steve&rft.au=Cheynier%2C+V%C3%A9ronique&rft.au=Fulcrand%2C+H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPriorFanJiHowell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Prior, Ronald L; Fan, Ellen; Ji, Hongping; et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjsfa.3966">"Multi-laboratory validation of a standard method for quantifying proanthocyanidins in cranberry powders"</a>. <i>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture</i>. <b>90</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">1473–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JSFA...90.1473P">2010JSFA...90.1473P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjsfa.3966">10.1002/jsfa.3966</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20549799">20549799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Multi-laboratory+validation+of+a+standard+method+for+quantifying+proanthocyanidins+in+cranberry+powders&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1473-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20549799&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjsfa.3966&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010JSFA...90.1473P&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L&rft.au=Fan%2C+Ellen&rft.au=Ji%2C+Hongping&rft.au=Howell%2C+Amy&rft.au=Nio%2C+Christian&rft.au=Payne%2C+Mark+J&rft.au=Reed%2C+Jess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjsfa.3966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSánchez-PatánBartoloméMartín-AlvarezAnderson2012" class="citation journal cs1">Sánchez-Patán, Fernando; Bartolomé, Begoña; Martín-Alvarez, Pedro J.; Anderson, Mark; Howell, Amy; Monagas, María (2012). "Comprehensive Assessment of the Quality of Commercial Cranberry Products. Phenolic Characterization and in Vitro Bioactivity". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>60</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">3396–</span>408. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAFC...60.3396S">2012JAFC...60.3396S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf204912u">10.1021/jf204912u</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F101264">10261/101264</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22439747">22439747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+Assessment+of+the+Quality+of+Commercial+Cranberry+Products.+Phenolic+Characterization+and+in+Vitro+Bioactivity&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3396-%3C%2Fspan%3E408&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F101264&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22439747&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf204912u&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012JAFC...60.3396S&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez-Pat%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft.au=Bartolom%C3%A9%2C+Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADn-Alvarez%2C+Pedro+J.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Mark&rft.au=Howell%2C+Amy&rft.au=Monagas%2C+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umass.edu/resec/sites/default/files/19cranberryjan06_0.pdf"><i>The Cranberry Industry and Ocean Spray Cooperative: Lessons in Cooperative Governance</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911024004/http://www.umass.edu/resec/sites/default/files/19cranberryjan06_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cranberry+Industry+and+Ocean+Spray+Cooperative%3A+Lessons+in+Cooperative+Governance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umass.edu%2Fresec%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F19cranberryjan06_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoperVorsa1997" class="citation book cs1">Roper TR, Vorsa N (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubhort.org/hr/hr21/HR_21_07_00000000.pdf">"Cranberry: Botany and Horticulture"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Janick J (ed.). <i>Horticultural Reviews</i>. New York: Wiley. pp. <span class="nowrap">215–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-18907-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-18907-7"><bdi>978-0-471-18907-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614123603/http://www.pubhort.org/hr/hr21/HR_21_07_00000000.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cranberry%3A+Botany+and+Horticulture&rft.btitle=Horticultural+Reviews&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-471-18907-7&rft.aulast=Roper&rft.aufirst=TR&rft.au=Vorsa%2C+N&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubhort.org%2Fhr%2Fhr21%2FHR_21_07_00000000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225150024/https://www.uscranberries.com/about-cmc/">"About CMC » Cranberry Marketing Committee"</a>. <i>Cranberry Marketing Committee</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscranberries.com/about-cmc/">the original</a> on 25 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cranberry+Marketing+Committee&rft.atitle=About+CMC+%C2%BB+Cranberry+Marketing+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscranberries.com%2Fabout-cmc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/cranberries-no-longer-just-american-tradition">"Cranberries: No Longer Just an American Tradition"</a>. Foreign Agricultural Service, US Department of Agriculture. 22 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cranberries%3A+No+Longer+Just+an+American+Tradition&rft.pub=Foreign+Agricultural+Service%2C+US+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.usda.gov%2Fdata%2Fcranberries-no-longer-just-american-tradition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Levitz2017" class="citation news cs1">Jennifer Levitz (4 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/beyond-thanksgiving-the-humble-cranberry-takes-root-in-china-1509793203">"Beyond Thanksgiving: The Humble Cranberry Takes Root in China"</a>. New York: The Wall Street Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beyond+Thanksgiving%3A+The+Humble+Cranberry+Takes+Root+in+China&rft.date=2017-11-04&rft.au=Jennifer+Levitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fbeyond-thanksgiving-the-humble-cranberry-takes-root-in-china-1509793203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMa2019" class="citation news cs1">Ma, Adrian (6 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/10/06/763463639/how-the-trade-war-crushed-a-growing-chinese-market-for-u-s-cranberries">"How The Trade War Crushed A Growing Chinese Market For U.S. Cranberries"</a>. <i>NPR News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR+News&rft.atitle=How+The+Trade+War+Crushed+A+Growing+Chinese+Market+For+U.S.+Cranberries&rft.date=2019-10-06&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthesalt%2F2019%2F10%2F06%2F763463639%2Fhow-the-trade-war-crushed-a-growing-chinese-market-for-u-s-cranberries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACranberry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Further reading</b> </p> <ul><li>Cole, S. & Gifford, L. (2009). <i>The Cranberry: Hard Work and Holiday Sauce</i>. Tilbury House Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88448-316-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88448-316-8">978-0-88448-316-8</a></li> <li>Trehane, J. (2009). <i>Blueberries, Cranberries and Other Vacciniums</i>. Timber Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60469-072-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60469-072-9">978-1-60469-072-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cranberry" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cranberry"> Cranberry</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cranberries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cranberries">Cranberries</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1905 <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Cranberry" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Cranberry">Cranberry</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Germplasm Resources Information Network: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102182245/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?18661">Sect. <i>Oxycoccus</i></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102182246/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?18658">Sect. <i>Oxycoccoides</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umass.edu/cranberry">University of Massachusetts Amherst Cranberry Station</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207010813/http://www.umass.edu/cranberry">Archived</a> 7 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for information on cranberry research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029070614/http://www.library.wisc.edu/guides/agnic/cranberry/cranhome.html">Cranberry Library Page</a> Hosted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=44426885&x=-89758258&z=15&l=0&m=s">Wikimapia</a> An overhead view of a cranberry farm near Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pemaruccicenter.rutgers.edu/">Cranberry research at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cranberry/">University of Massachusetts Cranberry Station</a> Hosted by the University of Massachusetts – Amherst</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/appletonsmagazin04newy#page/748/mode/2up">"Harvest-Time in a Cranberry Bog"</a>, <i>The Booklovers Magazine</i>, December 1904. Internet Archive.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers2265" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers2265" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Vaccinium <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Oxycoccus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13181" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q13181">Q13181</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/50253531">50253531</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Oxycoccus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15940583" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q15940583">Q15940583</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=123488">123488</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7327868">7327868</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=15694">15694</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/30007533-2">30007533-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1294822">1294822</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=7594406">7594406</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Panarctic Flora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://panarcticflora.org/results?name=#paf-7414">7414</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30007533-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30007533-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40035373">40035373</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000027552">wfo-4000027552</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox504" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13181#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85033725">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531387805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&oldid=1281286291">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&oldid=1281286291</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cranberries" title="Category:Cranberries">Cranberries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Berries" title="Category:Berries">Berries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_the_United_States" title="Category:Crops originating from the United States">Crops originating from the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vaccinium" title="Category:Vaccinium">Vaccinium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_Canada" title="Category:Crops originating from Canada">Crops originating from Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subshrubs" title="Category:Subshrubs">Subshrubs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medicinal_plants_of_North_America" title="Category:Medicinal plants of North America">Medicinal plants of North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crops_originating_from_indigenous_Americans" title="Category:Crops originating from indigenous Americans">Crops originating from indigenous Americans</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2021">Use dmy dates from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_May_2018" title="Category:Use American English from May 2018">Use American English from May 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2021">Articles needing additional references from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_November_2023" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from November 2023">Vague or ambiguous time from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2006" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_automatically_added_basionyms" title="Category:Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms">Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 March 2025, at 12:48<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cranberry</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>75 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bb5cf9976-mvspg","wgBackendResponseTime":183,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.139","walltime":"1.444","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11669,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":240701,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9817,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":251426,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":11,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1278.352 1 -total"," 32.90% 420.562 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.75% 188.589 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 11.66% 149.006 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 9.95% 127.137 7 Template:Infobox"," 9.18% 117.369 19 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.12% 103.833 29 Template:Cite_web"," 6.50% 83.105 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.38% 81.597 1 Template:Infobox_nutritional_value"," 5.65% 72.185 1 Template:Citation"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.751","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10601221,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fd9bbc867-qg6rq","timestamp":"20250326221900","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cranberry","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cranberry","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13181","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13181","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-06T22:13:14Z","dateModified":"2025-03-19T12:48:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3a\/Cranberry_bog.jpg","headline":"subgenus of plant"}</script> </body> </html>