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Trahoulia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">in Trpimir Vedris, Gabor Klaniczay, and Dorottya Uhrin (eds.), The Saints of Rome: Diffusion and Reception from Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period (Zagreb: Jürgen Ehgartner, 2021) 305-17.</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper looks at the relationship of Catherine of Siena (1347-80) to the first saint of the New World, Rose of Lima (Isabel Flores de Oliva, 1586-1617), via two paintings, one of Catherine now in the Brooklyn Museum 1 (Fig. 2) and the other, the well-known mortuary portrait of Rose attributed to Angelino Medoro (b. Rome 1567) and now in the Church of Santa Rosa in Lima (Fig. 3). 2 While much scholarship has focused on Rose's imitation of Catherine, I am interested in how hagiographies of Rose, such as that of the Dominican Leonard Hansen, go beyond the notion of imitation by emphasizing the actual physical likeness of Rose to Catherine. Originally writing for a Roman audience, Hansen constructs his vita of Rose of Lima without ever having actually met her. 3 His fashioning of Rose into a simulacrum of Catherine has been seen as one of the strategic devices he uses to further the cause for her canonization. Rose's confessor, Pedro de Loayaza, missionary and Archbishop of Lima, had also included descriptions of Rose transformed into Catherine in his hagiography published soon after Rose's death in 1619, and comprising the first vita of the saint. 4 While I examine the vitae of Rose as a particular type of discursive practice informed by a certain agenda, that is not to say that Rose herself did not consciously follow the model of Catherine of Siena. 5</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Imitation and Likeness: Catherine of Siena and Rose of Lima,”","attachmentId":117191519,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122549611/_Imitation_and_Likeness_Catherine_of_Siena_and_Rose_of_Lima_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122549611/_Imitation_and_Likeness_Catherine_of_Siena_and_Rose_of_Lima_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="15233543" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15233543/Visions_of_Saint_Catherine_in_her_Songs_includes_a_draft_of_Laude_for_Catherine_of_Siena_published_in_A_Companion_to_Catherine_of_Siena_">Visions of Saint Catherine in her Songs [includes a draft of "Laude for Catherine of Siena", published in 'A Companion to Catherine of Siena']</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18292441" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/ElianaCorbari">Eliana Corbari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This conference paper contains a section draft of "Laude for Catherine of Siena", published in 'A Companion to Catherine of Siena'. Edited by Carolyn Muessig, George Ferzoco, and Beverly Mayne Kienzle. Brill, 2012. pp. 227-258.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Visions of Saint Catherine in her Songs [includes a draft of \"Laude for Catherine of Siena\", published in 'A Companion to Catherine of Siena']","attachmentId":38612977,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15233543/Visions_of_Saint_Catherine_in_her_Songs_includes_a_draft_of_Laude_for_Catherine_of_Siena_published_in_A_Companion_to_Catherine_of_Siena_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15233543/Visions_of_Saint_Catherine_in_her_Songs_includes_a_draft_of_Laude_for_Catherine_of_Siena_published_in_A_Companion_to_Catherine_of_Siena_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="7552617" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7552617/Review_F_Thomas_Luongo_The_Saintly_Politics_of_Catherine_of_Siena_Ithaca_NY_Cornell_University_Press_2004_in_American_Historical_Review_vol_112_5_Dec_2007_1594_95">Review: F. Thomas Luongo, The Saintly Politics of Catherine of Siena (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004) in American Historical Review, vol. 112.5 (Dec. 2007): 1594-95.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13563818" href="https://cua.academia.edu/KatherineJansen">Katherine Jansen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Historical Review, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review: F. Thomas Luongo, The Saintly Politics of Catherine of Siena (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004) in American Historical Review, vol. 112.5 (Dec. 2007): 1594-95.","attachmentId":37806098,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7552617/Review_F_Thomas_Luongo_The_Saintly_Politics_of_Catherine_of_Siena_Ithaca_NY_Cornell_University_Press_2004_in_American_Historical_Review_vol_112_5_Dec_2007_1594_95","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7552617/Review_F_Thomas_Luongo_The_Saintly_Politics_of_Catherine_of_Siena_Ithaca_NY_Cornell_University_Press_2004_in_American_Historical_Review_vol_112_5_Dec_2007_1594_95"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="6770959" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6770959/_Italian_Holy_Women_against_Bohemian_Heretics_Catherine_of_Siena_and_the_Second_Catherines_in_the_Kingdom_of_Bohemia_in_Catherine_of_Siena_The_Creation_of_a_Cult_ed_Jeffrey_Hamburger_and_Gabriela_Signori_Medieval_Women_Texts_and_Contexts_vol_13_Turnhout_Brepols_2013_pp_315_338">“Italian Holy Women against Bohemian Heretics: Catherine of Siena and ‘the Second Catherines’ in the Kingdom of Bohemia,” in Catherine of Siena: The Creation of a Cult, ed. Jeffrey Hamburger and Gabriela Signori [Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, vol. 13]. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013, pp. 315-338.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11171837" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/TamarHerzig">Tamar Herzig</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Italian Holy Women against Bohemian Heretics: Catherine of Siena and ‘the Second Catherines’ in the Kingdom of Bohemia,” in Catherine of Siena: The Creation of a Cult, ed. Jeffrey Hamburger and Gabriela Signori [Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, vol. 13]. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013, pp. 315-338.","attachmentId":33612034,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6770959/_Italian_Holy_Women_against_Bohemian_Heretics_Catherine_of_Siena_and_the_Second_Catherines_in_the_Kingdom_of_Bohemia_in_Catherine_of_Siena_The_Creation_of_a_Cult_ed_Jeffrey_Hamburger_and_Gabriela_Signori_Medieval_Women_Texts_and_Contexts_vol_13_Turnhout_Brepols_2013_pp_315_338","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6770959/_Italian_Holy_Women_against_Bohemian_Heretics_Catherine_of_Siena_and_the_Second_Catherines_in_the_Kingdom_of_Bohemia_in_Catherine_of_Siena_The_Creation_of_a_Cult_ed_Jeffrey_Hamburger_and_Gabriela_Signori_Medieval_Women_Texts_and_Contexts_vol_13_Turnhout_Brepols_2013_pp_315_338"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="91868965" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91868965/Heroic_Virtue_in_Blessed_Raymond_of_Capua_s_Life_of_Catherine_of_Siena">Heroic Virtue in Blessed Raymond of Capua’s Life of Catherine of Siena</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41492628" href="https://nd.academia.edu/AnnAstell">Ann Astell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Composed at a point of significant transition in the history of hagiography as a genre, due to changes in the canonization process, Raymond of Capua’s Life of Catherine of Siena (1395) endeavors to attest to her heroic virtue by using both traditional discourse and the new scholastic discourse. Raymond’s fidelity to Catherine’s own doctrine of the virtues puts his argument in tension with that of Saint Thomas Aquinas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Heroic Virtue in Blessed Raymond of Capua’s Life of Catherine of Siena","attachmentId":95033792,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91868965/Heroic_Virtue_in_Blessed_Raymond_of_Capua_s_Life_of_Catherine_of_Siena","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91868965/Heroic_Virtue_in_Blessed_Raymond_of_Capua_s_Life_of_Catherine_of_Siena"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="97523319" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97523319/Cor_castum_Dei_speculum_Emblematics_and_the_Heart_Emblem_in_Jesuit_Literature">Cor castum Dei speculum: Emblematics and the Heart Emblem in Jesuit Literature</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="213845746" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Marta%C5%A0p%C3%A1niov%C3%A1">Marta Špániová</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study focuses on the characteristic features of the emblems, the emblematic procedure, and the main functions, goals, and significance of the emblem books in the context of Jesuit spirituality and practice. It points out some prominent authors of Jesuit emblem books with a major influence on the development of this form of art in literature and art. It focuses on the heart emblem as a symbol of heart purification and on the artistic manifestations of “religio cordis” (the religious cult of the heart). It introduces one of the most popular books with heart emblems published on the territory of present-day Slovakia in the first half of the seventeenth century, the so-called “heart booklet” of Mátyás Hajnal, a typical sample of Jesuit emblematics devoted to the promotion of Catholic reforms at the time of the Counter-Reformation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cor castum Dei speculum: Emblematics and the Heart Emblem in Jesuit Literature","attachmentId":99121105,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97523319/Cor_castum_Dei_speculum_Emblematics_and_the_Heart_Emblem_in_Jesuit_Literature","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97523319/Cor_castum_Dei_speculum_Emblematics_and_the_Heart_Emblem_in_Jesuit_Literature"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="36550315" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36550315/_When_Flesh_Becomes_Word_Teresa_of_Avilas_Handwritten_Relics_Hispan%C3%B3fila_181_2_2017_17_30">"When Flesh Becomes Word: Teresa of Avila's Handwritten Relics." Hispanófila 181.2 (2017): 17-30.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55534535" href="https://beloit.academia.edu/NuriaSanju%C3%A1nPastor">Nuria Sanjuán Pastor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"When Flesh Becomes Word: Teresa of Avila's Handwritten Relics.\" Hispanófila 181.2 (2017): 17-30.","attachmentId":56475086,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36550315/_When_Flesh_Becomes_Word_Teresa_of_Avilas_Handwritten_Relics_Hispan%C3%B3fila_181_2_2017_17_30","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36550315/_When_Flesh_Becomes_Word_Teresa_of_Avilas_Handwritten_Relics_Hispan%C3%B3fila_181_2_2017_17_30"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3473263" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3473263/_The_St_Victor_Altarpiece_in_Siena_Cathedral_A_Reconstruction_">"The St. Victor Altarpiece in Siena Cathedral: A Reconstruction"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2236642" href="https://uh.academia.edu/JudithSteinhoff">Judith Steinhoff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Art Bulletin, co-authored with E. Beatson and N. Muller, 1986</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"The St. Victor Altarpiece in Siena Cathedral: A Reconstruction\"","attachmentId":44746229,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3473263/_The_St_Victor_Altarpiece_in_Siena_Cathedral_A_Reconstruction_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3473263/_The_St_Victor_Altarpiece_in_Siena_Cathedral_A_Reconstruction_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="49752409" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49752409/The_Saintly_Politics_of_Catherine_of_Siena_review_">The Saintly Politics of Catherine of Siena (review)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41291999" href="https://unifi.academia.edu/GabriellaBrunaZarri">Gabriella Bruna Zarri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Renaissance Quarterly, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Saintly Politics of Catherine of Siena (review)","attachmentId":68001683,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49752409/The_Saintly_Politics_of_Catherine_of_Siena_review_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49752409/The_Saintly_Politics_of_Catherine_of_Siena_review_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1039819" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1039819/The_Body_as_a_Lived_Metaphor_Interpreting_Catherine_of_Siena_as_an_Ethical_Agent">The Body as a Lived Metaphor: Interpreting Catherine of Siena as an Ethical Agent</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="875454" href="https://cumbria.academia.edu/TomGrimwood">Tom Grimwood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Feminist Theology, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article argues that reading the life of Catherine of Siena can fall into passive models of feminine agency that stifle the potential such a life has to offer. By investigating the way passivity is imposed by both traditional and feminist writers on her life, this article argues that new ways of conceptualizing asceticism are possible through the affirmation of Catherine of Siena’s agency as active. This involves viewing the relation of the ascetic body to its explanatory texts (both historical and contemporary) as something more than literal. Using recent interpretations of Paul, this article argues that Catherine of Siena can be read as a performative exposition of the hidden oppressiveness of the dualistic framework ascetics are often taken to be mere ‘victims’ of.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Body as a Lived Metaphor: Interpreting Catherine of Siena as an Ethical Agent","attachmentId":33186680,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1039819/The_Body_as_a_Lived_Metaphor_Interpreting_Catherine_of_Siena_as_an_Ethical_Agent","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1039819/The_Body_as_a_Lived_Metaphor_Interpreting_Catherine_of_Siena_as_an_Ethical_Agent"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":4717325,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":4717325,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_4717325" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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