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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izbjegavanje_korištenja_pojma_manjina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izbjegavanje_korištenja_pojma_manjina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izbjegavanje korištenja pojma manjina</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Izbjegavanje_korištenja_pojma_manjina-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Izbjegavanje korištenja pojma manjina</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Izbjegavanje_korištenja_pojma_manjina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nacionalne_zajednice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nacionalne_zajednice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nacionalne zajednice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nacionalne_zajednice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nacionalne_manjine_u_socijalizmu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nacionalne_manjine_u_socijalizmu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Nacionalne manjine u socijalizmu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nacionalne_manjine_u_socijalizmu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominantne_manjine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominantne_manjine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Dominantne manjine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominantne_manjine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezani_članci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_članci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povezani članci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_članci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nacionalna manjina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 25 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86" title="أقلية وطن – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أقلية وطن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milli_azl%C4%B1q" title="Milli azlıq – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Milli azlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Нацыянальная меншасць – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальная меншасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Нацыянальная меншасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нацыянальная меншасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Национално малцинство – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национално малцинство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoria_nacional" title="Minoria nacional – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Minoria nacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Нацилле çумйыш – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нацилле çумйыш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationale_Minderheit" title="Nationale Minderheit – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nationale Minderheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_minority" title="National minority – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="National minority" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_malplimulto" title="Nacia malplimulto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia malplimulto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hemusrahvus" title="Vähemusrahvus – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vähemusrahvus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minorit%C3%A9_nationale" title="Minorité nationale – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Minorité nationale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minorit%C3%A2ts" title="Minoritâts – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Minoritâts" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9u-s%C3%BA_m%C3%ACn-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Séu-sú mìn-chhu̍k – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Séu-sú mìn-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzeti_kisebbs%C3%A9g" title="Nemzeti kisebbség – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzeti kisebbség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%84%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ազգային փոքրամասնություններ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազգային փոքրամասնություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoranza_nazionale" title="Minoranza nazionale – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Minoranza nazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mniejszo%C5%9B%C4%87_narodowa" title="Mniejszość narodowa – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mniejszość narodowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_manjina" title="Nacionalna manjina – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nacionalna manjina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rodnostn%C3%A1_men%C5%A1ina" title="Národnostná menšina – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Národnostná menšina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodna_manj%C5%A1ina" title="Narodna manjšina – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narodna manjšina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Национална мањина – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Национална мањина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationell_minoritet" title="Nationell minoritet – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nationell minoritet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Ақаллияти миллӣ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ақаллияти миллӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya%27daki_az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1klar" 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class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Poienile_de_Sub_Munte_Obcina_09_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Poienile_de_Sub_Munte_Obcina_09_2009.JPG/230px-Poienile_de_Sub_Munte_Obcina_09_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Poienile_de_Sub_Munte_Obcina_09_2009.JPG/345px-Poienile_de_Sub_Munte_Obcina_09_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Poienile_de_Sub_Munte_Obcina_09_2009.JPG/460px-Poienile_de_Sub_Munte_Obcina_09_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Tri dječaka <a href="/wiki/Rusini" title="Rusini">Rusina</a> u <a href="/wiki/Rumunjska" title="Rumunjska">Rumunjskoj</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nacionalna manjina</b> je dio određenog <a href="/wiki/Narod" title="Narod">naroda</a> i/ili <a href="/wiki/Nacija" title="Nacija">nacije</a> koji ne živi u svojoj <a href="/wiki/Nacionalna_dr%C5%BEava" title="Nacionalna država">nacionalnoj državi</a>, već kao manjina u nekoj drugoj državi, zajedno s drugim narodima. Pojmovi <b>nacionalna manjina</b> i <b>etnička manjina</b> bliski su i često se značajnim dijelom preklapaju ili koriste naizmjenično. Kako u dominantnoj literaturi iz <a href="/wiki/Anglofonski_svijet" title="Anglofonski svijet">anglofonskog svijeta</a> dominira pojam <i>etnička manjina</i> dok su pojmovi <i>nacionalnost</i> i <i>državljanstvo</i> blisko povezani, dio komentatora termin <b>nacionalna manjina</b> smatra <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misnomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misnomer (stranica ne postoji)">misnomerom</a></i> (pogrešnim nazivom) i preferira termin etnička ili narodna manjina. Naziv nacionalna manjina se unatoč tome udomaćio u <a href="/wiki/Srednja_Europa" title="Srednja Europa">srednjoj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jugoisto%C4%8Dna_Europa" title="Jugoistočna Europa">jugoistočnoj Europi</a> nakon <a href="/wiki/Pari%C5%A1ka_mirovna_konferencija_1919." title="Pariška mirovna konferencija 1919.">Pariške mirovne konferencije 1919.</a> godine, a poseban je u tome što nasuprot etničkim manjinama, uz prava i obveze unutar same države u kojoj manjina živi implicira i vezu s nacionalnom državom manjinske skupine (npr. vezu <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91ari_u_Slova%C4%8Dkoj" title="Mađari u Slovačkoj">Mađara u Slovačkoj</a> s <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91arska" title="Mađarska">Mađarskom</a> i drugim <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91ari" title="Mađari">Mađarima</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Valentine_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentine-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Još <a href="/wiki/1998." title="1998.">1998.</a> godine članice <a href="/wiki/Vije%C4%87e_Europe" title="Vijeće Europe">Vijeća Europe</a> koje u svom pravnom sustavu koriste kategoriju nacionalna manjina bile su <a href="/wiki/Danska" title="Danska">Danska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija">Estonija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litva" title="Litva">Litva</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka">Češka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slova%C4%8Dka" title="Slovačka">Slovačka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumunjska" title="Rumunjska">Rumunjska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91arska" title="Mađarska">Mađarska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenija" title="Slovenija">Slovenija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavija" title="Moldavija">Moldavija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Makedonija" title="Sjeverna Makedonija">Sjeverna Makedonija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanija" title="Albanija">Albanija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrajina" title="Ukrajina">Ukrajina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska">Hrvatska</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ivanov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivanov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a do danas i zemlje <a href="/wiki/Zapadni_Balkan" title="Zapadni Balkan">zapadnog Balkana</a>. </p><p>Položaj nacionalnih manjina određen je danas međunarodnim pravom, ali uvijek uz veliki utjecaj društvenih prilika i političkih karakteristika <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država">države</a> u kojoj nacionalne manjine žive. Međunarodno pravo na globalnoj razini ponajviše uređuju dokumenti <a href="/wiki/Ujedinjeni_narodi" title="Ujedinjeni narodi">Ujedinjenih naroda</a> koji najčešće prava nacionalnih manjina svode na garancije ljudskih i individualnih kulturnih prava pojedincima pripadnicima manjinskih skupina. Na regionalnoj razini razvili su se regionalni sustavi manjinske zaštite koji uz individualne prepoznaju i štite i kolektivna prava manjinskih skupina. Ti su mehanizmi posebice razvijeni u <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europi</a>. Danas je uobičajeno da se položaj i prava nacionalnih manjina reguliraju na najvišoj razini <a href="/wiki/Ustav" title="Ustav">ustavnim</a> odredbama, uz preciziranje zakonima. U Hrvatskoj su tako manjinska prava zaštićena i ustavom i posebnim <a href="/wiki/Ustavni_zakon_o_pravima_nacionalnih_manjina" title="Ustavni zakon o pravima nacionalnih manjina">ustavnim zakonom o pravima nacionalnih manjina</a> koji izričito prepoznaje pravo manjinama na razvoj kulturnih veza s matičnom zemljom. </p><p>U pogledu koncepta pravnog prepoznavanja nacionalnih manjina, razlikuju se građanske i nacionalne države. U građanskim državama ne vrši se podjela na etničke zajednice u okviru države, već se svi građani formalno smatraju jednom nacijom i kao takvima im se garantiraju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prava (stranica ne postoji)">prava</a>. Često se smatra da je rješenje političkog, pravnog, kulturnog i društvenog položaja manjina u nekom društvu mjerilo <a href="/wiki/Demokracija" title="Demokracija">demokratizacije</a> i modernizacije tog društva. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izbjegavanje_korištenja_pojma_manjina"><span id="Izbjegavanje_kori.C5.A1tenja_pojma_manjina"></span>Izbjegavanje korištenja pojma manjina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Izbjegavanje korištenja pojma manjina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izbjegavanje korištenja pojma manjina"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nacionalne_zajednice">Nacionalne zajednice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Nacionalne zajednice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nacionalne zajednice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nacionalne_manjine_u_socijalizmu">Nacionalne manjine u socijalizmu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Nacionalne manjine u socijalizmu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nacionalne manjine u socijalizmu"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dancers_of_the_Shuvani_Romani_Kumpania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dancers_of_the_Shuvani_Romani_Kumpania.jpg/230px-Dancers_of_the_Shuvani_Romani_Kumpania.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dancers_of_the_Shuvani_Romani_Kumpania.jpg/345px-Dancers_of_the_Shuvani_Romani_Kumpania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dancers_of_the_Shuvani_Romani_Kumpania.jpg/460px-Dancers_of_the_Shuvani_Romani_Kumpania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Romi" title="Romi">Romi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>U <a href="/wiki/SFRJ" class="mw-redirect" title="SFRJ">SFRJ</a> je izraz <i>nacionalna manjina</i> smatran politički nekorektnim i omalovažavajućim te se umjesto toga koristio izraz <i>narodnost</i>. Tako su umjesto para pojmova narod/nacionalna manjina upotrebljavani narod/narodnost. U ovakvoj nomenklaturi nije postojao prostor za pojam etnička skupina u smislu etničke zajednice koja nema svoju matičnu državu, iako su neki, na primjer <a href="/wiki/Rusini" title="Rusini">Rusini</a> priznavani kao narodnost. </p><p>Ostale <a href="/wiki/Socijalizam" title="Socijalizam">socijalističke</a> zemlje nisu imale jedinstven odnos prema ovom pitanju usprkos ideološkom postulatu socijalizma da je narod <a href="/wiki/Kapitalizam" title="Kapitalizam">kapitalistički</a> izum te da se smatra nepotrebnim i štetnim nasljeđem iz prošlih vremena. Na primjer, u <a href="/wiki/Rumunjska" title="Rumunjska">Rumunjskoj</a> je korišten zajednički naziv <i>manjinci</i> za pripadnike nacionalnih manjina i zbog naslijeđenih povijesnih problema s <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%91arska" title="Mađarska">Mađarskom</a> svi <i>manjinci</i> tretirani su nezadovoljavajuće, prema današnjim standardima. Druge su socijalističke zemlje kroz svoju povijest ili njezin dio podržavale procese nacionalne emancipacije manjih etničkih skupina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominantne_manjine">Dominantne manjine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Dominantne manjine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dominantne manjine"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kako status <a href="/wiki/Manjina" title="Manjina">manjine</a> implicira set prava koja proizlaze iz međunarodnih ugovora, dominantnim manjinama često se ne priznaje manjinski status. Iz toga proizlazi kako je položaj manjina povezan s nedominantnim položajem, a manjinska prava s politikama za postizanje ravnopravnosti u društvu.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatalović_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatalović-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tako se na bjelačke zajednice u <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEnoafri%C4%8Dka_Unija" title="Južnoafrička Unija">Južnoj Africi</a> u razdoblju <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheida</a> nisu odnosile međunarodne odredbe o zaštiti manjinskih prava, dok se brojnija crnačka zajednica na njih mogla pozvati.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatalović_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatalović-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dana <a href="/wiki/27._prosinca" title="27. prosinca">27. prosinca</a> <a href="/wiki/1949." title="1949.">1949.</a> godine usvojen je memorandum <i>Definicija i svrstavanje manjina</i> koji u članu 61 eksplicitno navodi: „<i>Normalno pojam manjina uključuje određeni pojam broja, uglavnom označava broj pojedinaca koji je manji od broja ostalog dijela stanovništva. Ima, međutim, slučajeva gdje je brojčana većina stanovništva, bila ona ujednačena ili sastavljena od grupa koje se međusobno razlikuju u situaciji manjine, jer u državi prevladava brojčano manja grupa koja nameće svoj vlastiti jezik, kulturu itd</i>”.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatalović_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatalović-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezani_članci"><span id="Povezani_.C4.8Dlanci"></span>Povezani članci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani članci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani članci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okvirna_konvencija_o_za%C5%A1titi_nacionalnih_manjina" title="Okvirna konvencija o zaštiti nacionalnih manjina">Okvirna konvencija o zaštiti nacionalnih manjina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europska_povelja_o_regionalnim_ili_manjinskim_jezicima" title="Europska povelja o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima">Europska povelja o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustavni_zakon_o_pravima_nacionalnih_manjina" title="Ustavni zakon o pravima nacionalnih manjina">Ustavni zakon o pravima nacionalnih manjina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjinski_jezici_u_Hrvatskoj" title="Manjinski jezici u Hrvatskoj">Manjinski jezici u Hrvatskoj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manjinski_ugovori_po_okon%C4%8Danju_I._svjetskog_rata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manjinski ugovori po okončanju I. svjetskog rata (stranica ne postoji)">Manjinski ugovori po okončanju I. svjetskog rata</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Treaties" class="extiw" title="en:Minority Treaties">članak na engleskoj Wikipediji</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savjet_za_nacionalne_manjine" class="mw-redirect" title="Savjet za nacionalne manjine">Savjet za nacionalne manjine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Valentine-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Valentine_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohn_R._Valentine2020" class="citation journal cs1">John R. Valentine. Travanj 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1376&context=djilp">Toward a Definition of National Minority</a>. <i>Denver Journal of International Law & Policy. Vol 32: broj 3</i>. <a href="/wiki/Denver" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver">Denver</a>: 449<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 18. prosinca 2020.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Denver+Journal+of+International+Law+%26+Policy.+Vol+32%3A+broj+3.&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Definition+of+National+Minority&rft.pages=449&rft.date=2020-04&rft.au=John+R.+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.du.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1376%26context%3Ddjilp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ANacionalna+manjina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivanov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ivanov_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMihail_Ivanov" class="citation web cs1">Mihail Ivanov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000/balkanologie.244">Interpreting the Term « National Minority »</a>. Balkanologie:VOL. II, N° 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 19. prosinca 2020.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interpreting+the+Term+%C2%AB+National+Minority+%C2%BB&rft.pub=Balkanologie%3AVOL.+II%2C+N%C2%B0+1&rft.au=Mihail+Ivanov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%2Fbalkanologie.244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ANacionalna+manjina" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Zanemaren tekst "1998: Volume II Numéro 1" (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke#text_ignored" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tatalović-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Tatalović_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tatalović_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tatalović_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFSiniša_Tatalović1997" class="citation journal cs1">Siniša Tatalović. 1997. Manjinski narodi i manjine. <i><a href="/wiki/Srpsko_kulturno_dru%C5%A1tvo_%22Prosvjeta%22" title="Srpsko kulturno društvo "Prosvjeta"">Srpsko kulturno društvo "Prosvjeta"</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>: 22</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Srpsko+kulturno+dru%C5%A1tvo+%22Prosvjeta%22&rft.atitle=Manjinski+narodi+i+manjine&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Sini%C5%A1a+Tatalovi%C4%87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ANacionalna+manjina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Manjnske_etni%C4%8Dke_zajednice" title="Predložak:Manjnske etničke zajednice"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Manjnske_etni%C4%8Dke_zajednice&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Manjnske etničke zajednice</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Domoroda%C4%8Dki_narodi" title="Domorodački narodi">Domorodački narodi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manjinski_narod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manjinski narod (stranica ne postoji)">Manjinski narod</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nacionalna manjina</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etni%C4%8Dka_manjina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnička manjina (stranica ne postoji)">Etnička manjina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dijaspora" title="Dijaspora">Dijaspora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stranac" title="Stranac">Stranac</a> (dugoročni ili trajni emigrant s reguliranim/nereguliranim statusom)</div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Thulstrup,_Nordiska_Dr%C3%A4gter_(1895)_pl014_Lule%C3%A5-lappar_i_vinterdr%C3%A4kt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Thulstrup%2C_Nordiska_Dr%C3%A4gter_%281895%29_pl014_Lule%C3%A5-lappar_i_vinterdr%C3%A4kt.jpg/125px-Thulstrup%2C_Nordiska_Dr%C3%A4gter_%281895%29_pl014_Lule%C3%A5-lappar_i_vinterdr%C3%A4kt.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Thulstrup%2C_Nordiska_Dr%C3%A4gter_%281895%29_pl014_Lule%C3%A5-lappar_i_vinterdr%C3%A4kt.jpg/188px-Thulstrup%2C_Nordiska_Dr%C3%A4gter_%281895%29_pl014_Lule%C3%A5-lappar_i_vinterdr%C3%A4kt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Thulstrup%2C_Nordiska_Dr%C3%A4gter_%281895%29_pl014_Lule%C3%A5-lappar_i_vinterdr%C3%A4kt.jpg/250px-Thulstrup%2C_Nordiska_Dr%C3%A4gter_%281895%29_pl014_Lule%C3%A5-lappar_i_vinterdr%C3%A4kt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5029" data-file-height="6119" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&oldid=6468251">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_manjina&oldid=6468251</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Dr%C5%BEava" title="Kategorija:Država">Država</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nacionalne_manjine" title="Kategorija:Nacionalne manjine">Nacionalne manjine</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke:_nepoznati_parametar" title="Kategorija:CS1 greške: nepoznati parametar">CS1 greške: nepoznati parametar</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 19. rujna 2022. u 20:36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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