CINXE.COM

Britannica Academic

<!--[if HTML5]><![endif]--> <!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]><html class=" login ie no-js lt-ie9" site-type="academic" lang="en-US"><![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--><html class=" login ie no-js" site-type="academic" lang="en-US"><!--<![endif]--> <head> <!-- GTM Setup --> <!-- Set GTM Code Library --> <!-- Set GTM Code Library UK --> <!-- Set GTM Code Library AU --> <!-- Set GTM Code Library NZ --> <!-- Set GTM Code Library AS --> <!-- Set GTM Code Escolar --> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ Boat_ID: `` || 'NotLoggedIn', Individual_ID: `` || 'NotLoggedIn' }); </script> <script>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NNQRN79'); </script> <meta name="robots" content="noindex"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content=" default-src 'self' https: http: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-hashes'; img-src 'self' https: cdn.britannica.com/ cdn-qa.britannica.com/ cdn.jwplayer.com/ data:; media-src 'self' https: blob:; worker-src 'self' https: blob:"; /> <title> Britannica Academic </title> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="swQ7jYOyz1OZKzNpyR8wi-2pu8lo4e8M4y9BwPoge_s" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/resources/icons/favicons/academic/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script src="/resources/js/libs/joi-browser-17.1.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.0.js"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-1.4.1.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/clipboard-2.0.6.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.13.0/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-IIED/eyOkM6ihtOiQsX2zizxFBphgnv1zbe1bKA+njdFzkr6cDNy16jfIKWu4FNH" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/animate.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/jCarousel/jcarousel.responsive.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/jquery-ui/jquery-ui-1.13.2.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/fancybox/jquery.fancybox-1.3.4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/jgrowl/jquery.jgrowl-1.2.5.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/chosen/chosen.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/smoke/smoke.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/selectize/selectize.bootstrap2.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/justifiedGallery/justifiedGallery.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/resources/css/slick/slick-carousel-1.8.1.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/institution-webapp2.css?v=3.7.11-b2truth-2.10.33-oct-security-rc.5" /> <script src="/resources/js/check-ie-compatibility-mode.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/css/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer.min.css" /> <script src="/resources/js/libs/modernizr-2.6.2.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/respond-1.1.0.min.js"></script> <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js"></script> <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/client.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://js.live.net/v7.2/OneDrive.js"></script> </head> <body class=" login" onunload="" data-page-load-flags="" data-internal-name="" data-cdn="https://cdn.britannica.com" data-language="en" data-country="US" data-site-type="academic" data-publish-timestamp="1724112000000" data-individual-id="" data-is-internal="false" data-canada-focus="" data-individual-name="user" data-od="academic.eb.com"> <!-- Google Tag Manager - 1004 --> <noscript> <iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NNQRN79" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <div id="root"> <header id="site-header"> <div class="no-gutters"> <div class="col-12"> </div> <div class="col-12"> <a href='#main-ada' class="navbar navbar-expand-xl navbar-dark bg-dark text-white w-100 sr-only sr-only-focusable skip-content">Skip to Main Content</a> <nav id="primary-site-nav" class="navbar navbar-expand-xl navbar-dark bg-dark text-white w-100"> <a class="py-0 mr-2 d-block d-md-inline-block" href="/levels/" title="Welcome to Britannica Academic" data-ga="Global Menu|Click on Britannica Academic logo"> <img class="navbar-brand-image navbar-brand p-0 m-0" src="/resources/img/shared/BAcademic_Logo-color-RGB.svg" alt="Encyclopedia Britannica Logo" /> </a> <!-- The actual navigation elements for the site. --> <div class="ml-auto collapse navbar-collapse all-of-it text-white mx-0" id="navigation-elements"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-middle ml-lg-1"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="perm-link-container col-12" style="display: none"> <div> <span>Share this page with a link that makes access easy.</span> </div> <div> <button id="get-perm-link" class="btn btn-get-perm-link" type="button"> COPY LINK <i class="fas fa-link"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="site-main" > <div id="shared-wrapper"> <div class="container p-6 bg-white mt-10 failed-login"> <div class="row m-0"> <div class="col-lg-8 order-lg-1 order-2 p-0"> <div class="pt-4 px-4 p-lg-0 pr-lg-6 failed-login-welcome"> <p><strong>Welcome to <em>Britannica Academic</em></strong>, an accurate, current, and comprehensive resource for college-level learners, researchers, and faculty.</p><p>Discover encyclopedia articles, full-text journal and magazine articles, primary sources, multimedia, and other unique resources and tools that make research easier and more productive.</p> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row justify-content-start align-items-stretch mr-lg-6"> <section class="mb-4 m-lg-0 py-4 px-6 failed-login-subscribe"> <h2 class="mb-4"> Not a subscriber yet? </h2> <span> <p>Contact our sales office:<br><a href="tel:+18006213900">1-800-621-3900</a> or <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#482b27263c292b3c082d2a662b2725"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c3a0acadb7a2a0b783a6a1eda0acae">[email&#160;protected]</span></a></p><p>If you are based in Latin America, please contact us at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4f232e3b26212e222a3d262c2e0f2a2d612c2022"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="157974617c7b747870677c76745570773b767a78">[email&#160;protected]</span></a></p> <p> <a href="https://britannicaeducation.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > Britannica's Website </a> </p> </span> </section> <section class="m-0 ml-lg-6 p-4 p-lg-0 py-lg-4 px-lg-6 failed-login-action d-flex flex-column"> <h2 class="mb-4"> Learn More </h2> <div class="d-flex flex-column justify-content-start align-items-center flex-grow-1"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start w-100"> <i class="fas fa-arrow-circle-right failed-login-action-arrow-icon"></i> <div class="d-flex flex-column pl-2"> <a class="failed-login-action-btn-video" href="https://vimeo.com/174022471" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > Watch Video </a> <p> Take a video tour of the Britannica Academic website features. </p> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start w-100"> <i class="fas fa-arrow-circle-right failed-login-action-arrow-icon"></i> <div class="d-flex flex-column pl-2"> <a class="failed-login-action-btn-resources" href="https://britannicaeducation.com/britannica-academic/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" > About Academic </a> <p> Explore features and purchasing FAQs. </p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <section class="col-lg-4 order-lg-2 order-1 p-4 text-white failed-login-form-cont"> <div class="failed-login-header-cont d-flex flex-row justify-content-between align-items-center"> <h1 class="text-white mb-0"> Access Britannica Academic </h1> <span tabindex="0" id="failed-login-help-icon" aria-describedby="<p><strong>Access ID</strong> and <strong>Passcode</strong> used to be called Username and Password. Your institution's old Username and Password will still work here.</p>" data-toggle="popover" data-html="true" data-placement="bottom" data-trigger="hover focus" data-container=".failed-login-header-cont" data-template="<div class='popover failed-login-help-popover' role='tooltip'><div class='arrow failed-login-help-popover-arrow'></div><div class='popover-body failed-login-help-popover-content'></div></div>" data-content="<p><strong>Access ID</strong> and <strong>Passcode</strong> used to be called Username and Password. Your institution's old Username and Password will still work here.</p>" > <i class="fas fa-question-circle failed-login-form-question-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Having trouble signing in?</span> </span> </div> <div class="my-4 failed-login-school-login-descr"> <p>Enter the <strong>Access ID</strong> and <strong>Passcode</strong> provided by your institution to access <em>Britannica Academic</em>.</p> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-row justify-content-around align-items-start px-2"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center flex-column pt-4"> <div class="bg-white failed-login-form-building-icon rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"> <i class="fas fa-building"></i> </div> <p class="m-0"> Institution </p> </div> <form novalidate id="failed-login-form" data-is-moderna="academic" action="https://academic.eb.com/login" method="POST" class="mb-0" > <fieldset class="p-4"> <input type="hidden" name="target" value="/levels" /> <input type="text" id="accessId" class="form-control mb-2" name="accessId" aria-describedby="accessId" aria-label="Institution Access ID" placeholder="Institution Access ID" > <input type="password" id="passcode" name="passcode" class="form-control mb-2" aria-describedby="passcode" aria-label="Institution Passcode" placeholder="Institution Passcode" > <button type="submit" id="login-submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2" > Continue </button> <div class="alert alert-danger failed-login-form-error-message m-0 p-2" role="alert"> Incorrect Access ID or Passcode </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-row justify-content-around align-items-start px-2"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center flex-column pt-4"> <div class="bg-white failed-login-form-user-icon rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> </div> <p class="m-0"> Personal </p> </div> <div class="p-4 failed-login-personal-login-descr"> <p>Once you have institutional access, you can <strong>sign in</strong> to a personal account.</p> </div> </div> <div class="failed-login-form-help my-2"> Trouble signing in? <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#315455424441415e43457154531f525e5c"><strong>Contact us</strong></a>. </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="site-footer" class="no-print d-print-none"> <div class="py-3 text-light"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-5 col-lg-2"> <img src="/resources/img/bolse3_ftr_brand.png" class="align-self-start align-self-lg-center" /> </div> <div id="footer-links-section" class="col-7 col-lg-10"> <div class="text-right footer-list-links w-100 d-flex"> <div class="pb-md-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <a class="footer-info-links px-0 px-lg-2 py-2 py-lg-0 text-white" href="https://corporate.eb.com" target="_blank"> About </a> </div> <div class="pb-md-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <a class="footer-info-links px-0 px-lg-2 py-2 py-lg-0 text-white" href="https://britannicalearn.com/contact/" target="_blank"> Contact </a> </div> <div class="pb-md-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <a class="footer-info-links px-0 px-lg-2 py-2 py-lg-0 text-white" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/termsofuse.html" target="_blank"> Copyright Guidelines/Terms of Use </a> </div> <div class="pb-md-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <a class="footer-info-links px-0 px-lg-2 py-2 py-lg-0 text-white" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy.html">Privacy Policy</a> </div> <div class="pb-md-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <a class="footer-info-links px-0 px-lg-2 py-2 py-lg-0 text-white" href="https://britannicalearn.com/product/britannica-academic/" target="_blank">School and Library Information</a> </div> </div> <span class="footer-copyright text-right d-block"> &copy; 2024 Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica, Inc.</span> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/resources/js/libs/autoCompletejs-7.2.0.min.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/sugar-1.4.1.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/underscore.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/libraries/4cQW7BXb.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/jquery-ui-1.13.2.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/jquery-lazyload-1.9.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/libs/director.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/js/libs/slick-carousel-1.8.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-LtrjvnR4Twt/qOuYxE721u19sVFLVSA4hf/rRt6PrZTmiPltdZcI7q7PXQBYTKyf" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/resources/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-and-player.js"></script> <script src="//individual.eb.com/dynamicstatic/js/individual-login-webapp.js"></script> <script src="/resources/js/min-institution-webapp.js?v=3.7.11-b2truth-2.10.33-oct-security-rc.5" charset="UTF-8"></script> <script> $(EB.failedLoginPage.init); </script> <script> $(function () { $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); $('[data-toggle="popover"]').popover(); }) </script> <script src="//webstats.eb.com/webstats/stats.js?v=1"></script> <script>var EBStat={accountId:-1,host:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'academic.eb.com'};try{writeStat(null,{accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'academic.eb.com',referrerUrl:'',json:''});}catch(err){}</script> <script> (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function () { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments); }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', 'UA-43294220-33'); ga('set', 'dimension1', ''); ga('set', 'dimension2', ''); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <div id="generic-modal"> <div class="modal" tabindex="-1" id="generic-modal-window" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 tabindex="0" class="modal-title" data-bind="text:title"></h5> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p data-bind="html: content"></p> <!-- ko if: errorMessage --> <p class="alert alert-danger" data-bind="html: errorMessage"></p> <!-- /ko --> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <!--ko foreach: $root.buttons()--> <!--ko if: actionType ==='link'--> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" data-bind=" attr: { css: buttonClass + ' btn btn-inline-block', href: url, 'disabled': disableOnError && $parent.errorMessage() }, text: buttonText"></a> <!--/ko--> <!--ko if: actionType === 'function'--> <button data-bind=" attr:{ class: buttonClass + ' btn btn-inline-block', 'disabled': disableOnError && $parent.errorMessage() }, click: fn, text: buttonText "> </button> <!--/ko--> <!--ko if: actionType === 'close' --> <button data-dismiss="modal" data-bind=" attr: { class: buttonClass + ' btn btn-inline-block', 'disabled': disableOnError && $parent.errorMessage() }, text: buttonText"></button> <!--/ko--> <!--/ko--> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10