CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ludwigshafen - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fdc9e14d-0a34-4c6f-ad67-77e6b571d549","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ludwigshafen","wgTitle":"Ludwigshafen","wgCurRevisionId":1280629108,"wgRevisionId":1280629108,"wgArticleId":145612,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template","Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template without a link parameter","Articles needing additional references from June 2019","All articles needing additional references","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with German IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2014","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles with German-language sources (de)","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Cities in Rhineland-Palatinate","1844 establishments in Bavaria","Populated places established in 1844","Ludwigshafen","Urban districts of Rhineland-Palatinate","Palatinate (region)","Ludwig I of Bavaria"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ludwigshafen","wgRelevantArticleId":145612,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":49.48111111111111,"lon":8.435277777777777},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2910","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="701"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg/960px-Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="467"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="374"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ludwigshafen - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ludwigshafen rootpage-Ludwigshafen skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ludwigshafen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ludwigshafen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ludwigshafen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ludwigshafen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Rheinschanze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Rheinschanze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Rheinschanze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Rheinschanze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_and_growth_of_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_and_growth_of_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Industry and growth of population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_and_growth_of_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I_through_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I_through_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>World War I through World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I_through_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_rebuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_rebuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-war rebuilding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_rebuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Financial crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Ludwigshafen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Ludwigshafen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Contemporary Ludwigshafen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Ludwigshafen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Districts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Districts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>North</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friesenheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friesenheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Friesenheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friesenheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oppau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oppau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Oppau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oppau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edigheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edigheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Edigheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edigheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gartenstadt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gartenstadt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Gartenstadt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gartenstadt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mundenheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mundenheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Mundenheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mundenheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oggersheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oggersheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Oggersheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oggersheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rheingönheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rheingönheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Rheingönheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rheingönheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maudach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maudach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Maudach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maudach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruchheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruchheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Ruchheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruchheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Region_and_neighbours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Region_and_neighbours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Region and neighbours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Region_and_neighbours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1901–1940" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–1940"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>1901–1940</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1901–1940-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>1950–1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ludwigshafen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 87 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="لودفيغسهافن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لودفيغسهافن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCdviqshafen" title="Lüdviqshafen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lüdviqshafen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="لودویقسهافن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لودویقسهافن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Лудвигсхафен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лудвигсхафен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Kreisfreie Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kreisfreie Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%87%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Λούντβιχσχαφεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λούντβιχσχαφεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="لودویگسهافن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لودویگسهافن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%98%ED%8E%9C" title="루트비히스하펜 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루트비히스하펜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%BD%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լյուդվիգսհաֆեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյուդվիգսհաֆեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Людвигсхафен-ам-Райн – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Людвигсхафен-ам-Райн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="לודוויגסהאפן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לודוויגסהאפן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A1%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რაინის ლუდვიგსჰაფენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რაინის ლუდვიგსჰაფენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Рейндегі Людвигсхафен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рейндегі Людвигсхафен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D2%AF%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Лүдвигсхафен-на-Рейне – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лүдвигсхафен-на-Рейне" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovici_Portus_Rhenanus" title="Ludovici Portus Rhenanus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovici Portus Rhenanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvigsh%C4%81fene" title="Ludvigshāfene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ludvigshāfene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liudvigshafenas_prie_Reino" title="Liudvigshafenas prie Reino – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liudvigshafenas prie Reino" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Лудвигсхафен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лудвигсхафен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="लुडविक्सहाफेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुडविक्सहाफेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="لودفيجسهافن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لودفيجسهافن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%92%E3%82%B9%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ルートヴィヒスハーフェン・アム・ライン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルートヴィヒスハーフェン・アム・ライン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%88%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="لڈوگشافن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لڈوگشافن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_s%C3%ABl_Ren" title="Ludwigshafen sël Ren – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ludwigshafen sël Ren" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Людвигсхафен-ам-Райн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Людвигсхафен-ам-Райн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B3%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86" title="لودویگسھافن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لودویگسھافن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Лудвигсхафен на Рајни – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лудвигсхафен на Рајни" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D2%AF%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лүдвигсһафен-ам-Рейн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лүдвигсһафен-ам-Рейн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ลูทวิชส์ฮาเฟิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูทวิชส์ฮาเฟิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Людвігсгафен-на-Рейні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людвігсгафен-на-Рейні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E6%B8%AF" title="路德维希港 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路德维希港" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%B8%8C%E6%B8%AF" title="路德維希港 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="路德維希港" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ludwigshafen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E6%B8%AF" title="路德维希港 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路德维希港" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudvigshafen_Rejn%C9%99d%C9%99" title="Ljudvigshafen Rejnədə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ljudvigshafen Rejnədə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ludwigshafen" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ludwigshafen" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ludwigshafen" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&oldid=1280629108" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ludwigshafen&id=1280629108&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLudwigshafen"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLudwigshafen"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ludwigshafen&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2910" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ludwigshafen&params=49_28_52_N_8_26_07_E_type:city(174265)_region:DE-RP"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°28′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°26′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.48111°N 8.43528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.48111; 8.43528</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Ludwigshafen am Bodensee, see <a href="/wiki/Bodman-Ludwigshafen" title="Bodman-Ludwigshafen">Bodman-Ludwigshafen</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ludwigshafen" title="Special:EditPage/Ludwigshafen">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ludwigshafen%22">"Ludwigshafen"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ludwigshafen%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ludwigshafen%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ludwigshafen%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ludwigshafen%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ludwigshafen%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Ludwigshafen am Rhein </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="April 2006 aerial view"><img alt="April 2006 aerial view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg/250px-Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg/500px-Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="701" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">April 2006 aerial view</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ludwigshafen am Rhein"><img alt="Flag of Ludwigshafen am Rhein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flagge_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein.svg/100px-Flagge_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flagge_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein.svg/150px-Flagge_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flagge_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein.svg/200px-Flagge_Stadt_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Ludwigshafen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Ludwigshafen am Rhein"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ludwigshafen am Rhein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DEU_Ludwigshafen_COA.svg/120px-DEU_Ludwigshafen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DEU_Ludwigshafen_COA.svg/250px-DEU_Ludwigshafen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="502" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Ludwigshafen am Rhein</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_2fb5cf979894d8e1b18dc7194c89b058c3eefb34"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ludwigshafen&revid=1280629108&groups=_2fb5cf979894d8e1b18dc7194c89b058c3eefb34" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ludwigshafen&revid=1280629108&groups=_2fb5cf979894d8e1b18dc7194c89b058c3eefb34 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein is located in Germany"><img alt="Ludwigshafen am Rhein is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.125%;left:29.353%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein"><img alt="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Ludwigshafen am Rhein </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein is located in Rhineland-Palatinate"><img alt="Ludwigshafen am Rhein is located in Rhineland-Palatinate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg/250px-Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg/375px-Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg/500px-Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.442%;left:93.956%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein"><img alt="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Ludwigshafen am Rhein </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Rhineland-Palatinate</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ludwigshafen&params=49_28_52_N_8_26_07_E_type:city(174265)_region:DE-RP"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°28′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°26′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.48111°N 8.43528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.48111; 8.43528</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">10 districts</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2017–25) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jutta_Steinruck" title="Jutta Steinruck">Jutta Steinruck</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">77.68 km<sup>2</sup> (29.99 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">96 m (315 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">174,265</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200/km<sup>2</sup> (5,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">67059 - 67071</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0621, 06237</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">LU</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ludwigshafen.de">www.ludwigshafen.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ludwigshafen</b>, officially <b>Ludwigshafen am Rhein</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔam<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʁaɪn]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/53\/De-Ludwigshafen_%28Rhein%29.ogg\/De-Ludwigshafen_%28Rhein%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Ludwigshafen (Rhein).ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/De-Ludwigshafen_%28Rhein%29.ogg/De-Ludwigshafen_%28Rhein%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Ludwigshafen_(Rhein).ogg" title="File:De-Ludwigshafen (Rhein).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; meaning "<a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig</a>'s Port upon the Rhine"), is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/German_state" class="mw-redirect" title="German state">German state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, on the river <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine" title="Upper Rhine">Upper Rhine</a>), opposite <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>. With Mannheim, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, and the surrounding region, it forms the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Neckar_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine Neckar Area">Rhine Neckar Area</a>. </p><p>Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_chemical_producers" title="List of largest chemical producers">largest chemical producer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the <a href="/wiki/Staatsphilharmonie_Rheinland-Pfalz" title="Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz">Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz</a>. </p><p>It is the birthplace and death place of the former <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>. </p><p>In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> with '<a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network#Sufficiency" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Sufficiency</a>' status by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a> (GaWC).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">antiquity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> tribes settled in the Rhine Neckar area. During the 1st century B.C. the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> conquered the region, and a Roman <a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries_(Roman_military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliaries (Roman military)">auxiliary</a> fort was constructed near the present suburb of Rheingönheim. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> saw the foundation of some of Ludwigshafen's future suburbs, including <a href="/wiki/Oggersheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Oggersheim">Oggersheim</a>, Maudach, <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen-Oppau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwigshafen-Oppau">Oppau</a>, and Mundenheim. Most of the area, however, remained swampland, with its development hindered by seasonal flooding of the Rhine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Rheinschanze">The Rheinschanze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Rheinschanze"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg/220px-RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg/330px-RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg/440px-RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Rheinschanze c. 1750</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rhine Neckar region was part of the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector</a> of the <i>Kurpfalz</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Electorate of the Palatinate</a>, one of the larger states within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. The foundation of the new capital of the Kurpfalz, Mannheim, was a decisive influence on the development of the area as a whole. Parallel to the foundation of Mannheim in 1606, a fortress (<i>die Rheinschanze</i>) was built by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Elector_Palatine" title="Frederick IV, Elector Palatine">Frederick IV, Elector Palatine</a> on the other side of the Rhine to protect the City of Mannheim, thus forming the nucleus of the City of Ludwigshafen itself. </p><p>In the 17th century, the region was devastated and depopulated during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, and also in King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>’s wars of conquest in the later part of the century. </p><p>It was only in the 18th century, that the settlements around the Rheinschanze began to prosper, profiting from the proximity of the capital Mannheim. Oggersheim in particular gained some importance, after the construction of both a small palace serving as secondary residence for the Elector, and the famous pilgrimage church, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wallfahrtskirche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wallfahrtskirche (page does not exist)">Wallfahrtskirche</a>. For some weeks in 1782, the great German writer and playwright <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a> lived in Oggersheim, on flight from his native <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a>. </p><p>War returned to the Ludwigshafen area with the armies of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. The palace at Oggersheim was burned down, Mannheim besieged several times, and all the area west of the Rhine annexed by France from 1798 to 1813. The <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Electorate of the Palatinate</a> was split up. The eastern bank of the Rhine with Mannheim and <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> was given to <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>, while the western bank (including the Ludwigshafen area) was granted to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Wars of Liberation</a> (1813–1815), in which the French were expelled. The Rhine had become a frontier and the Rheinschanze, cut off politically from Mannheim, lost its function as the neighbouring city's military bulwark. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Karl_Stieler_-_King_Ludwig_I_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA21796.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Joseph_Karl_Stieler_-_King_Ludwig_I_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA21796.jpg/220px-Joseph_Karl_Stieler_-_King_Ludwig_I_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA21796.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Joseph_Karl_Stieler_-_King_Ludwig_I_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA21796.jpg/330px-Joseph_Karl_Stieler_-_King_Ludwig_I_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA21796.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Joseph_Karl_Stieler_-_King_Ludwig_I_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA21796.jpg/440px-Joseph_Karl_Stieler_-_King_Ludwig_I_in_his_Coronation_Robes_-_WGA21796.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="2275" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Portrait of Ludwig I of Bavaria">Portrait of Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karl_Stieler" title="Joseph Karl Stieler">Joseph Karl Stieler</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineteenth century">nineteenth century</a> King of Bavaria named the settlement after himself.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1808, during the French occupation, Carl Hornig of Mannheim purchased the fortress from the French authorities and turned it into a way station for passing river traffic. Later, the Rheinschanze with its winter-proof harbour basin (created by a flood in 1824) was used as trading post. Hornig died in 1819, but <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Heinrich_Scharpff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Heinrich Scharpff (page does not exist)">Johann Heinrich Scharpff</a>, a businessman from <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, continued Hornig's plans, which were then turned over to his son-in-law, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Markus_Lichtenberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Markus Lichtenberger (page does not exist)">Philipp Markus Lichtenberger</a>, in 1830. Their activities marked the beginning of the civilian use of the Rheinschanze. </p><p>The year 1844 was the official birth of Ludwigshafen, when Lichtenberger sold this property to the state of Bavaria (Bayern), and the military title of the fortress was finally removed. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavarian</a> king, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig I">Ludwig I</a>, set forth plans to rename the settlement after himself and to start construction of an urban area as a Bavarian rival to Mannheim on the opposite bank. </p><p>During the failed German revolution of 1848 rebels captured Ludwigshafen, but they were bombarded from Mannheim (rumours said the Mannheimers didn't aim at the revolutionaries, but on the rival harbour's infrastructure), and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a> troops quickly expelled the revolutionaries. On December 27, 1852, <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian II of Bavaria">King Maximilian II</a> granted Ludwigshafen am Rhein political freedom and as on November 8, 1859, the settlement gained city status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_and_growth_of_population">Industry and growth of population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industry and growth of population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1840</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1848</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+566.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1852</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+133.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1858</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+100.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">7,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+182.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1885</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+165.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1895</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+90.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+55.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1914</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">102,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">144,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1945</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">61,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−57.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">124,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+103.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">147,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">180,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+22.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">161,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">165,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2004</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">166,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">163,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1866.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1866.JPG/220px-BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1866.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1866.JPG/330px-BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1866.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1866.JPG/440px-BASF_Werk_Ludwigshafen_1866.JPG 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>BASF, 1866</figcaption></figure> <p>At its founding Ludwigshafen was still a very modest settlement with just 1,500 inhabitants. Real growth began with <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>, and gained enormous momentum in Ludwigshafen due to its ideal transport facilities. In addition to its excellent position and harbor facilities on the Rhine, a railway connecting Ludwigshafen with the <a href="/wiki/Saar_(river)" title="Saar (river)">Saar</a> coalfields was completed in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The year 1865 was an important date in the history of independent Ludwigshafen. After several discussions, <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> decided to move its factories from Mannheim to the <a href="/wiki/Hemshof" title="Hemshof">Hemshof</a> district, which belonged to Ludwigshafen. From then on, the city's rapid growth and wealth were linked to BASF's success and its expansion into becoming one of the world's most important chemical companies. Ludwigshafen also became home to several other rapidly growing chemical companies, including <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Raschig" title="Friedrich Raschig">Friedrich Raschig</a> GmbH, the <a href="/wiki/Reckitt_Benckiser#Benckiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Reckitt Benckiser">Benckiser</a> company (founded by Johann Benckiser), Giulini Brothers, Grünzweig&Hartmann AG, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knoll_AG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knoll AG (page does not exist)">Knoll AG</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoll_AG" class="extiw" title="de:Knoll AG">de</a>]</span>. </p><p>With more jobs available, the population of Ludwigshafen increased rapidly. In 1899 the city was governing more than 62,000 residents (compared to 1,500 in 1852). </p><p>This population explosion looked quite “American” to contemporaries; it determined Ludwigshafen's character as a “worker's city”, and created problematic shortages of housing and real estate. The solution was the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal">municipal</a> area and the incorporation of the two nearest villages, Friesenheim and Mundenheim, in the years 1892 and 1899. In the area between the city centre and those two suburbs new quarters (“North” and “South”) were built after (then) modern urban development plans. Because the ground was marshy and too low to be protected from Rhine floods, all the new houses were built on raised ground, sometimes as high as 5 metres above the original ground. Visitors can see the original ground level in many backyards of Ludwigshafen, which are sometimes two floors below street level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_through_World_War_II">World War I through World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War I through World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918), Ludwigshafen's industrial plants played a key role in Germany's war economy, producing chemical ingredients for munitions, as well as much of the <a href="/wiki/Poison_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison gas">poison gas</a> used on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>. This contributed to Ludwigshafen, on May 27, 1915, being the target of the world's first strategic aerial bombardment. French aircraft attacked the BASF plants, killing twelve people and setting the precedent for the age to come. </p><p>When the war was lost by Germany in 1918, the left bank of the Rhine was occupied by French troops, in accordance with the terms of the peace agreement. The French occupation lasted until 1930, and some of Ludwigshafen's most elegant houses were erected for the officers of the French garrison. </p><p>The economic recovery of the 1920s was marred by one of the worst <a href="/wiki/Oppau_explosion" title="Oppau explosion">industrial explosions</a> in history when, on Sept. 21, 1921, a BASF storage silo in Oppau blew up, killing more than 500 people, injuring a further 2,000, and destroying countless buildings. </p><p>Despite this setback, Ludwigshafen reached a population of 100,000 in 1922, thus gaining "<a href="/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges">City</a>" status. It prospered until 1929 and the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, which brought unemployment, labor trouble, political strife, and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a>. </p><p>The Nazi party had few followers and votes in working-class-dominated Ludwigshafen, but succeeded in enforcing their policies. Many small houses with gardens were built, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Gartenstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gartenstadt">Gartenstadt</a>. Further, similar to Nazi plans in other cities (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>), they aimed at creating a "Greater Ludwigshafen" by agglomerating smaller towns and villages in the vicinity. Thus Oggersheim, Oppau, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edigheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edigheim (page does not exist)">Edigheim</a>, Rheingönheim, and Maudach became suburbs of Ludwigshafen, raising its population to 135,000. The Ludwigshafen <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> was destroyed in 1938 and its <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> population of 1,400<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was deported in 1940. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Oil_Campaign_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Campaign of World War II">Oil Campaign of World War II</a>, the Allies conducted <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Ludwigshafen_and_Oppau_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau in World War II">bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau</a>. Thirteen thousand Allied bombers hit the city in 121 separate raids during the war, of which 56 succeeded in hitting the <a href="/wiki/IG_Farben" title="IG Farben">IG Farben</a> plant. Those 56 raids dropped 53,000 bombs each containing 250 to 4,000 pounds of high explosives, plus 2.5 million 4-pound magnesium incendiary bombs (the bombers also dropped millions of leaflets warning the civilians to evacuate the city, plus counterfeit ration coupons). Repairs took longer and longer as spare parts became more difficult to find. By December 1944, so much damage had been done to vital utilities that output dropped to nearly zero. Follow-up raids every week ended production permanently. By the end of the war most dwellings had been destroyed or damaged; 1,800 people had died, and 3,000 were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Ludwigshafen in March 1945. The US <a href="/wiki/12th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="12th Armored Division (United States)">12th Armored Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/94th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="94th Infantry Division (United States)">94th Infantry Division</a> captured Ludwigshafen against determined German resistance in house-to-house and block-to-block urban combat during 21–24 March 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_rebuilding">Post-war rebuilding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-war rebuilding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">Post-war</a>, Ludwigshafen was part of the French occupation zone, becoming part of the newly founded <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Bundesland</a> (state) of Rheinland-Pfalz and thus part of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a>. Reconstruction of the devastated city and revival of the economy was supported by the Allies, especially by American aid. In 1948, the "Pasadena Shares Committee" sent packages of blankets, clothing, food, and medicines to help the residents of post-war Ludwigshafen. Many friendships started to form, so that in 1956, Ludwigshafen am Rhein and <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> became sister cities. </p><p>Large parts of the city were literally ruined, which were rebuilt in the architectural style of the 1950s and 1960s. The most important projects were the Hochstraßen (highways on stilts), the revolutionary new main station (then the most modern station in Europe), several tower blocks and a whole new suburb, the satellite quarter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfingstweide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfingstweide (page does not exist)">Pfingstweide</a> north of Edigheim. </p><p>The city's economic wealth allowed social benefits and institutions to be introduced. The population number reached its all-time climax in 1970 with more than 180,000 inhabitants, thus surpassing even the capital of Rheinland-Pfalz, <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, for a while. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_crisis">Financial crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Financial crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1970s, a plan to reform the composition of the German Bundesländer, which would have created a new state around a united Mannheim-Ludwigshafen as capital with more than half a million inhabitants, failed. </p><p>Nevertheless, further ambitious projects were financed in Ludwigshafen, first of all the 15-floor city hall with its linked-up shopping centre (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rathaus_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rathaus Center (page does not exist)">Rathaus Center</a>). The last (up to now) new incorporated suburb was <a href="/wiki/Ruchheim" title="Ruchheim">Ruchheim</a> in 1974. </p><p>But then a process began that accelerated during the 1980s and 1990s and caused the financial near-collapse of Ludwigshafen. The enormous maintenance costs of the buildings and institutions introduced during the "fat time", new tax regulations that cut down the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_tax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade tax (page does not exist)">trade tax</a> profits from the local industries, and thousands of dismissals in BASF were the main causes for the city's crisis. Loss of population due to the loss of working places and general economic trends, such as the oil crises, further worsened Ludwigshafen's financial situation at the end of the 20th century. </p><p>The negative aspects of industrial success became obvious when examinations revealed the bad state of air and the Rhine due to <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>. There had always been some stench or dirt all over the city, caused by BASF and other plants, and as long as the industry had prospered, people had accepted it. Besides that, the concrete constructions that had been so modern after the war and had a formative influence on today's cityscape were increasingly considered as obsolete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_Ludwigshafen">Contemporary Ludwigshafen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Contemporary Ludwigshafen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blick_auf_die_BASF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blick_auf_die_BASF.jpg/220px-Blick_auf_die_BASF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blick_auf_die_BASF.jpg/330px-Blick_auf_die_BASF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blick_auf_die_BASF.jpg/440px-Blick_auf_die_BASF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2312" /></a><figcaption>View from west over Edigheim and Oppau to the <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> Ludwigshafen</figcaption></figure> <p>In recent years, many efforts have been made to enhance Ludwigshafen's image in the media. The city administration has cut down its deficit by cutting down social payments and maintenance, pollution has been (not least by BASF) restricted, the formerly rotten Hemshof quarter has been restored. </p><p>In 2008, a fire broke out in a building where many ethnic Turks lived.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 9 people died, all of them Turks and 5 of them children. It was believed to be an arsonist attack, however this was found to be not true.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most annoying faults<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of Ludwigshafen – at least for many of the city's inhabitants - was its comparative lack of high-quality shopping possibilities. It has attempted to repair this deficiency by creating a second large shopping mall on the southern tip of the city centre (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walzm%C3%BChle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walzmühle (page does not exist)">Walzmühle</a> near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berliner_Platz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berliner Platz (page does not exist)">Berliner Platz</a>) with affiliated railway station (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen-Mitte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwigshafen-Mitte (page does not exist)">Ludwigshafen-Mitte</a>). In addition, another shopping mall on the banks of the Rhine, the Rhein-Galerie, was completed in September 2010. </p><p>Ludwigshafen has enormous importance as an industrial city. </p> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>9,010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>6,309 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>3,656 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>2,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>2,574 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>2,086 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>1,821 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>1,730 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>1,647 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>1,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>1,437 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centre">Centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Mitte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ludwigshafen_Mitte.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Mitte.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ludwigshafen_Mitte.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Mitte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ludwigshafen_Mitte.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Mitte.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wilhelm Hack Museum of Art. "Miró-Wand" mural (1971) by Joan Miró, in collaboration with the Catalan ceramist Joan Gardy Artigas."><img alt="Wilhelm Hack Museum of Art. "Miró-Wand" mural (1971) by Joan Miró, in collaboration with the Catalan ceramist Joan Gardy Artigas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_13.jpg/120px-Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_13.jpg/250px-Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_13.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1767" data-file-height="2314" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wilhelm Hack Museum of Art. "Miró-Wand" mural (1971) by <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a>, in collaboration with the Catalan ceramist Joan Gardy Artigas.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Pfalzbau_Pfalzs%C3%A4ule_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pfalzbau concert hall and theater. In the foreground: "Pfalzsäule" (Palatinate Column, 1968), by the Munich artist Blasius Spreng and the local artist Ernst W. Kunz."><img alt="Pfalzbau concert hall and theater. In the foreground: "Pfalzsäule" (Palatinate Column, 1968), by the Munich artist Blasius Spreng and the local artist Ernst W. Kunz." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ludwigshafen_Pfalzbau_Pfalzs%C3%A4ule_2005.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen_Pfalzbau_Pfalzs%C3%A4ule_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ludwigshafen_Pfalzbau_Pfalzs%C3%A4ule_2005.jpg/250px-Ludwigshafen_Pfalzbau_Pfalzs%C3%A4ule_2005.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pfalzbau concert hall and theater. In the foreground: "Pfalzsäule" (Palatinate Column, 1968), by the Munich artist Blasius Spreng and the local artist Ernst W. Kunz.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunnen_am_Berliner_Platz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berliner Platz. In the foreground: "Conversation II" (1999), kinetic sculpture by the American sculptor, George Rickey."><img alt="Berliner Platz. In the foreground: "Conversation II" (1999), kinetic sculpture by the American sculptor, George Rickey." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Brunnen_am_Berliner_Platz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg/120px-Brunnen_am_Berliner_Platz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Brunnen_am_Berliner_Platz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg/250px-Brunnen_am_Berliner_Platz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1773" data-file-height="2080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berliner Platz. In the foreground: "Conversation II" (1999), kinetic sculpture by the American sculptor, <a href="/wiki/George_Rickey" title="George Rickey">George Rickey</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The city centre of Ludwigshafen is comparatively small and dominated by post-war buildings. Its northern and southern boundaries are the Hochstraßen (highways on stilts), the Rhine is in the East and the <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_(Rhein)_Hauptbahnhof" title="Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof">main station</a> is located in the West of downtown Ludwigshafen, at a walking distance of about 15 minutes from the central pedestrian precinct <i>Bismarckstraße</i> that forms, together with the shopping mile <i>Ludwigsstraße</i>, the main North-South Axis, connecting the so-called “North Pole” with the <i>Rathaus Center</i> and the “South Pole” with Berliner Platz, the Walzmühle shopping centre and <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_(Rhein)_Mitte_station" title="Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Mitte station">Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Mitte station</a>. The main east–west connections are the <i>Bahnhofsstraße</i> and <i>Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße</i>. The Pfalzbau, Staatsphilharmonie, Wilhelm-Hack-Museum and the half-destroyed monument <a href="/wiki/Lutherkirche,_Wiesbaden" title="Lutherkirche, Wiesbaden">Lutherkirche</a> are main features of downtown Ludwigshafen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South">South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Sued.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ludwigshafen_Sued.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Sued.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ludwigshafen_Sued.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Sued.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ludwigshafen_Sued.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Sued.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Pegeluhr_Norden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pegeluhr"><img alt="Pegeluhr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ludwigshafen_Pegeluhr_Norden.jpg/78px-Ludwigshafen_Pegeluhr_Norden.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ludwigshafen_Pegeluhr_Norden.jpg/117px-Ludwigshafen_Pegeluhr_Norden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ludwigshafen_Pegeluhr_Norden.jpg/156px-Ludwigshafen_Pegeluhr_Norden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pegeluhr</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Luitpoldhafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harbour"><img alt="Harbour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Luitpoldhafen.jpg/106px-Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Luitpoldhafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Luitpoldhafen.jpg/160px-Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Luitpoldhafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Luitpoldhafen.jpg/213px-Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Luitpoldhafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1929" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harbour</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suedwest_Ludwigshafen_Platz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Südwestplatz"><img alt="Südwestplatz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Suedwest_Ludwigshafen_Platz.jpg/120px-Suedwest_Ludwigshafen_Platz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Suedwest_Ludwigshafen_Platz.jpg/250px-Suedwest_Ludwigshafen_Platz.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Südwestplatz</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <i>Südliche Innenstadt</i> or “southern city centre” (ca. 29,000 inhabitants) includes the real city centre as described above and the <i>Stadtteil Süd</i> or “South” quarter. “South” has some of the most attractive<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2014)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> residential areas, especially the <i>Parkinsel</i> area. Other sub-quarters of “South” are the <i>Musikantenviertel</i> or the <i>Malerviertel</i>. In a few years, there will be one more highly prized residential area (“<i>Rheinufer Süd</i>”) on the Rhine near the Walzmühle on former industrial estates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North">North</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: North"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Hemshof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ludwigshafen_Hemshof.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Hemshof.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ludwigshafen_Hemshof.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Hemshof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ludwigshafen_Hemshof.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Hemshof.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europaplatz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Europaplatz"><img alt="Europaplatz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Europaplatz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg/120px-Europaplatz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Europaplatz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg/180px-Europaplatz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Europaplatz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg/240px-Europaplatz_in_Ludwigshafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1693" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Europaplatz</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Landratsamt"><img alt="Landratsamt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg/120px-RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg/180px-RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg/240px-RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Landratsamt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Klinikum_Ring_des_Seyns2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Municipal Clinic (Städtisches Klinikum), with the sculpture "Ring des Seyns" (The Ring of Being, 1998) by the Japanese conceptual artist, Kazuo Katase"><img alt="Municipal Clinic (Städtisches Klinikum), with the sculpture "Ring des Seyns" (The Ring of Being, 1998) by the Japanese conceptual artist, Kazuo Katase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Klinikum_Ring_des_Seyns2.jpg/80px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Klinikum_Ring_des_Seyns2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Klinikum_Ring_des_Seyns2.jpg/119px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Klinikum_Ring_des_Seyns2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Klinikum_Ring_des_Seyns2.jpg/159px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Klinikum_Ring_des_Seyns2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1468" data-file-height="2210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Municipal Clinic (Städtisches Klinikum), with the sculpture "Ring des Seyns" (The Ring of Being, 1998) by the Japanese conceptual artist, Kazuo Katase</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <i>Nördliche Innenstadt</i> (ca. 22,000 inhabitants) includes the Hemshof, “North” and “West” districts. Hemshof and “North” represent the “old town” of Ludwigshafen, they are known for their very high proportion of foreign inhabitants, making them culturally diverse. ”West” (also called <i>Valentin-Bauer-Siedlung</i>) is located between main station and main cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friesenheim">Friesenheim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Friesenheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the Eberthalle, an exhibition and concert hall dating from 1965"><img alt="Detail of the Eberthalle, an exhibition and concert hall dating from 1965" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle3.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle3.jpg/250px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the Eberthalle, an exhibition and concert hall dating from 1965</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Friedrich-Ebert-Halle (Eberthalle for short), general view, built by the Viennese architect, Roland Rainer, in 1965"><img alt="The Friedrich-Ebert-Halle (Eberthalle for short), general view, built by the Viennese architect, Roland Rainer, in 1965" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle2.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle2.jpg/180px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle2.jpg/240px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Eberthalle2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Friedrich-Ebert-Halle (Eberthalle for short), general view, built by the Viennese architect, Roland Rainer, in 1965</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Ebertpark1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ebertpark"><img alt="Ebertpark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Ebertpark1.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Ebertpark1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Ebertpark1.jpg/180px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Ebertpark1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Ebertpark1.jpg/240px-Ludwigshafen_Friesenheim_Ebertpark1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="937" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ebertpark</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Friesenheim</i> (ca. 18,000 inhabitants) is located north of Hemshof and is one of the two (the other one being Mundenheim) “mother villages” of Ludwigshafen, because they were responsible for the administration of Ludwigshafen prior to its independence. Helmut Kohl was born in Friesenheim. Its western district, the <i>Froschlache</i>, boasts four impressive tower blocks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oppau">Oppau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Oppau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Oppau.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ludwigshafen_Oppau.png/120px-Ludwigshafen_Oppau.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ludwigshafen_Oppau.png/250px-Ludwigshafen_Oppau.png 1.5x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Oppau_katholische_Kirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catholic church"><img alt="Catholic church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_katholische_Kirche.jpg/87px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_katholische_Kirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_katholische_Kirche.jpg/131px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_katholische_Kirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_katholische_Kirche.jpg/174px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_katholische_Kirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Catholic church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Oppau_BASF-Parkplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BASF bicycles"><img alt="BASF bicycles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_BASF-Parkplatz.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_BASF-Parkplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_BASF-Parkplatz.jpg/180px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_BASF-Parkplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_BASF-Parkplatz.jpg/240px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_BASF-Parkplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BASF bicycles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Oppau_Gedenkstaette_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1921 memorial"><img alt="1921 memorial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_Gedenkstaette_1921.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_Gedenkstaette_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_Gedenkstaette_1921.jpg/180px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_Gedenkstaette_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ludwigshafen-Oppau_Gedenkstaette_1921.jpg/240px-Ludwigshafen-Oppau_Gedenkstaette_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="1377" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1921 memorial</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Oppau</i> (ca. 10,000 inhabitants) in the North is dominated by the nearby BASF and had once been a town of its own prior to its incorporation into Ludwigshafen. In its history, it has been afflicted by several catastrophes like the <a href="/wiki/Oppau_explosion" title="Oppau explosion">explosion of 1921</a> and the flood of 1882. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edigheim">Edigheim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Edigheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Edigheim.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ludwigshafen_Edigheim.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Edigheim.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ludwigshafen_Edigheim.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Edigheim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ludwigshafen_Edigheim.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Edigheim.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Kirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church"><img alt="Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Kirche.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Kirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Kirche.jpg/250px-Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Kirche.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="1093" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Wasserturm_Norden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Water tower"><img alt="Water tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Wasserturm_Norden.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Wasserturm_Norden.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Wasserturm_Norden.jpg/250px-Ludwigshafen-Edigheim_Wasserturm_Norden.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="1986" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Water tower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasse_in_Edigheim_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Street"><img alt="Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Strasse_in_Edigheim_01.JPG/120px-Strasse_in_Edigheim_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Strasse_in_Edigheim_01.JPG/180px-Strasse_in_Edigheim_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Strasse_in_Edigheim_01.JPG/240px-Strasse_in_Edigheim_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="1750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Edigheim</i> (ca. 9,000 inhabitants) had once been a part of Oppau in the South, today ist almost as large as Oppau. </p><p>The <i>Pfingstweide</i> (ca. 6,000 inhabitants) is Ludwigshafen's northernmost district; it is dominated by tower blocks and is located in close vicinity to Frankenthal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gartenstadt">Gartenstadt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gartenstadt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Gartenstadt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ludwigshafen_Gartenstadt.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Gartenstadt.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ludwigshafen_Gartenstadt.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Gartenstadt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ludwigshafen_Gartenstadt.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Gartenstadt.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marienkrankenhaus_Ludwigshafen_Eingang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hospital"><img alt="Hospital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Marienkrankenhaus_Ludwigshafen_Eingang.jpg/120px-Marienkrankenhaus_Ludwigshafen_Eingang.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Marienkrankenhaus_Ludwigshafen_Eingang.jpg/250px-Marienkrankenhaus_Ludwigshafen_Eingang.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="2030" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hospital</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hedwigs-Kindergarten_Ludwigshafen-Gartenstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kindergarten"><img alt="Kindergarten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hedwigs-Kindergarten_Ludwigshafen-Gartenstadt.jpg/120px-Hedwigs-Kindergarten_Ludwigshafen-Gartenstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hedwigs-Kindergarten_Ludwigshafen-Gartenstadt.jpg/250px-Hedwigs-Kindergarten_Ludwigshafen-Gartenstadt.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2197" data-file-height="1581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kindergarten</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church"><img alt="Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg/98px-KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg/147px-KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg/195px-KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <i>Gartenstadt</i> (ca. 18,000 inhabitants), west of Mundenheim, is (as the name “garden city” suggests) a very green suburb, dominated by flat roofed houses and some tower blocks. Its sub-districts are <i>Niederfeld</i>, <i>Hochfeld</i> and <i>Ernst-Reuter-Siedlung</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mundenheim">Mundenheim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Mundenheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Mundenheim.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ludwigshafen_Mundenheim.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Mundenheim.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ludwigshafen_Mundenheim.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Mundenheim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ludwigshafen_Mundenheim.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Mundenheim.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triport_Ludwigshafen_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Triport"><img alt="Triport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Triport_Ludwigshafen_2.jpg/120px-Triport_Ludwigshafen_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Triport_Ludwigshafen_2.jpg/250px-Triport_Ludwigshafen_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="1623" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Triport</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mundeheim_Friedhofkapelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cemetery chapel"><img alt="Cemetery chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mundeheim_Friedhofkapelle.jpg/120px-Mundeheim_Friedhofkapelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mundeheim_Friedhofkapelle.jpg/250px-Mundeheim_Friedhofkapelle.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cemetery chapel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Josefspflege_Mundenheim_Ludwigshafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nursing home"><img alt="Nursing home" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Josefspflege_Mundenheim_Ludwigshafen.jpg/113px-Josefspflege_Mundenheim_Ludwigshafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Josefspflege_Mundenheim_Ludwigshafen.jpg/170px-Josefspflege_Mundenheim_Ludwigshafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Josefspflege_Mundenheim_Ludwigshafen.jpg/227px-Josefspflege_Mundenheim_Ludwigshafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nursing home</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Mundenheim</i> (ca. 13,000 inhabitants) is a very old suburb, it boasts its own railway station, an extensive industrial area near the harbour. A sub-district is the <i>Herderviertel</i> in Mundenheim's North. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oggersheim">Oggersheim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Oggersheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim.png/120px-Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim.png/250px-Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim.png 1.5x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim_Wallfahrtskirche_Sueden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wallfahrtskirche"><img alt="Wallfahrtskirche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim_Wallfahrtskirche_Sueden.jpg/90px-Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim_Wallfahrtskirche_Sueden.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim_Wallfahrtskirche_Sueden.jpg/135px-Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim_Wallfahrtskirche_Sueden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim_Wallfahrtskirche_Sueden.jpg/180px-Ludwigshafen_Oggersheim_Wallfahrtskirche_Sueden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wallfahrtskirche</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim_Brauerei.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The "Privatbrauerei Gebrüder Mayer" (Meyer Brother's Private Brewery), founded in 1846 and still going strong"><img alt="The "Privatbrauerei Gebrüder Mayer" (Meyer Brother's Private Brewery), founded in 1846 and still going strong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim_Brauerei.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim_Brauerei.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim_Brauerei.jpg/250px-Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim_Brauerei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="2180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "Privatbrauerei Gebrüder Mayer" (Meyer Brother's Private Brewery), founded in 1846 and still going strong</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schillerdenkmal_Oggersheim_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Friedrich Schiller"><img alt="Friedrich Schiller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Schillerdenkmal_Oggersheim_2.jpg/120px-Schillerdenkmal_Oggersheim_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Schillerdenkmal_Oggersheim_2.jpg/250px-Schillerdenkmal_Oggersheim_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1855" data-file-height="2087" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a></div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Oggersheim</i> (ca. 23,000 inhabitants) is one of the most important suburbs, being much like a town for itself (which it was in the Middle Ages). It is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Descriptio_Wormatiensis_civitatis" title="Descriptio Wormatiensis civitatis">Wormser wall-building ordinance</a> from around 900 as one of the places that shared responsibility for maintaining the <a href="/wiki/City_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="City wall">city wall</a> of <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CVDKJFN_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CVDKJFN-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Electress_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Electress Palatine">Electress Palatine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Elisabeth_Auguste_of_Sulzbach" title="Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach">Elisabeth Auguste</a> used <a href="/wiki/Schloss_Oggersheim" title="Schloss Oggersheim">Schloss Oggersheim</a> as her summer palace. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> owned a bungalow in southern Oggersheim. The Wallfahrtskirche, a railway station, the important Unfallklinik (“casualty hospital”), and several large residential blocks are to be found in Oggersheim. For the last few years, the northern subdistricts of <i>Notwende</i> and <i>Melm</i> have seen a large amount of building activities in their new housing estates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rheingönheim"><span id="Rheing.C3.B6nheim"></span>Rheingönheim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rheingönheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Rheingoenheim.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ludwigshafen_Rheingoenheim.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Rheingoenheim.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ludwigshafen_Rheingoenheim.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Rheingoenheim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ludwigshafen_Rheingoenheim.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Rheingoenheim.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark_Eingang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wildpark"><img alt="Wildpark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark_Eingang.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark_Eingang.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark_Eingang.jpg/180px-Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark_Eingang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark_Eingang.jpg/240px-Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark_Eingang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wildpark</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wildpark"><img alt="Wildpark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark.jpg/85px-Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark.jpg/127px-Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark.jpg/170px-Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim_Wildpark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1988" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wildpark</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katholische_Kirche_von_Rheingoenheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catholic church"><img alt="Catholic church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Katholische_Kirche_von_Rheingoenheim.jpg/120px-Katholische_Kirche_von_Rheingoenheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Katholische_Kirche_von_Rheingoenheim.jpg/250px-Katholische_Kirche_von_Rheingoenheim.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1636" data-file-height="2245" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Catholic church</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Rheingönheim</i> (ca 7,000 inhabitants), as the southernmost suburb of Ludwigshafen, is known mainly for its industry (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Woellner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woellner (page does not exist)">Woellner</a>) and its game enclosure Wildpark. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maudach">Maudach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Maudach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Maudach.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location"><img alt="Location" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ludwigshafen_Maudach.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Maudach.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ludwigshafen_Maudach.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Maudach.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ludwigshafen_Maudach.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Maudach.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Location</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortsmitte_von_Maudach_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The centre"><img alt="The centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ortsmitte_von_Maudach_02.JPG/120px-Ortsmitte_von_Maudach_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ortsmitte_von_Maudach_02.JPG/250px-Ortsmitte_von_Maudach_02.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2431" data-file-height="1281" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The centre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MaudacherSchloss.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castle"><img alt="Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/MaudacherSchloss.jpg/120px-MaudacherSchloss.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/MaudacherSchloss.jpg/250px-MaudacherSchloss.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Castle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weg_im_Maudacher_Bruch_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Maudacher Bruch"><img alt="Maudacher Bruch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Weg_im_Maudacher_Bruch_01.JPG/120px-Weg_im_Maudacher_Bruch_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Weg_im_Maudacher_Bruch_01.JPG/250px-Weg_im_Maudacher_Bruch_01.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1526" data-file-height="1095" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maudacher Bruch</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Maudach</i> (ca. 7,000 inhabitants), in Ludwigshafen's South-West, is a popular residential area, closely associated with the Maudacher Bruch park. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruchheim">Ruchheim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ruchheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Ruchheim.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Position"><img alt="Position" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ludwigshafen_Ruchheim.png/109px-Ludwigshafen_Ruchheim.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ludwigshafen_Ruchheim.png/164px-Ludwigshafen_Ruchheim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ludwigshafen_Ruchheim.png/218px-Ludwigshafen_Ruchheim.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Position</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Münch"><img alt="Paul Münch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg/88px-Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg/132px-Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg/176px-Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paul Münch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former townhall"><img alt="Former townhall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Rathaus.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Rathaus.jpg/250px-Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim_Rathaus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former townhall</div> </li> </ul> <p><i>Ruchheim</i> (ca. 6,000 inhabitants), as the westernmost suburb, has long been a small agricultural village, but now it is growing rapidly due to new housing estates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mh_RHB_GT6_mit_gelenkbeiwagen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mh_RHB_GT6_mit_gelenkbeiwagen.jpg/250px-Mh_RHB_GT6_mit_gelenkbeiwagen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mh_RHB_GT6_mit_gelenkbeiwagen.jpg/330px-Mh_RHB_GT6_mit_gelenkbeiwagen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mh_RHB_GT6_mit_gelenkbeiwagen.jpg/500px-Mh_RHB_GT6_mit_gelenkbeiwagen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Tramway from the 1960s in regular service</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Ludwigshafen has no airfield, it is well connected with several airports in the region. There are small airfields near <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim" title="Bad Dürkheim">Bad Dürkheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>, a medium-sized regional <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airport</a> in Mannheim, and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt International Airport">Frankfurt International Airport</a> in about an hour's driving distance. </p><p>Ludwigshafen is the most important German harbour west of the Rhine. The local industry depends on shipping their raw materials and products on the river. The harbour of Ludwigshafen consists of several basins in the South of the city near Mundenheim (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luitpoldhafen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luitpoldhafen (page does not exist)">Luitpoldhafen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaiserw%C3%B6rthhafen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaiserwörthhafen (page does not exist)">Kaiserwörthhafen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mundenheimer_Altrheinhafen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mundenheimer Altrheinhafen (page does not exist)">Mundenheimer Altrheinhafen</a>), the wharfs along the river parallel to the city centre and the BASF, and, finally, of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landeshafen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landeshafen (page does not exist)">Landeshafen</a> basin in the North that connects the BASF. </p><p>Ludwigshafen has excellent <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahn</a> (motorway/highway) connections to all directions. Most important are the A 650 in west–east direction, the A 61 in north–south direction. But there are also A 6, A 65 and B 9 to be mentioned. Bundesstraße 37 and 44 pass the city center on elevated expressways. Parts of them are closed because of structural deficiencies. They continue across the Rhine to Mannheim ond <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer_Bridge" title="Konrad Adenauer Bridge">Konrad Adenauer Bridge</a> and Kurt Schumacher Bridge. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_Hauptbahnhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwigshafen Hauptbahnhof">Ludwigshafen Hauptbahnhof</a> is a huge train station, its impressive pylon bridge pier serving as the city's landmark. The extraordinary architecture of the station complex is caused by the need to connect three joining tracks (to <a href="/wiki/Frankenthal" title="Frankenthal">Frankenthal</a>/Worms/Mainz, to <a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Weinstra%C3%9Fe" title="Neustadt an der Weinstraße">Neustadt</a>/Speyer and to Mannheim) and to work in the underground <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Germany" title="Trams in Germany">Straßenbahn</a> station and the massive road bridge above the concourse. The station has fallen into disuse due to its remote location and bad layout. The new more central <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_(Rhein)_Mitte_station" title="Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Mitte station">Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Mitte station</a>, near Berliner Platz, was opened in 2003 and has become the busiest station in Ludwigshafen. <a href="/wiki/Mannheim_Hauptbahnhof" title="Mannheim Hauptbahnhof">Mannheim Hauptbahnhof</a>, one of the most important stations in Germany, is in easy reach of Ludwigshafen's center, just across the Rhine, and serves as Ludwigshafen's long-distance station. Other railway stations are at Oggersheim, Mundenheim, and Rheingönheim. The <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Rhein-Neckar" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Bahn Rhein-Neckar">S-Bahn Rhein-Neckar</a> suburban train system started operations in 2003; it serves all these stations. </p><p>Ludwigshafen's public transport system is run by the VBL (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkehrsbetriebe_Ludwigshafen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkehrsbetriebe Ludwigshafen (page does not exist)">Verkehrsbetriebe Ludwigshafen</a>) and the holding companies <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr" title="Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr">Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr</a> (RNV) and VRN. There is an integrated <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mannheim/Ludwigshafen" title="Trams in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen">Mannheim/Ludwigshafen tramway network</a>. Lines 4, 4a, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, and 10 operate in Ludwigshafen; they all serve Berliner Platz in central Ludwigshafen, adjacent to Ludwigshafen Mitte train station. Except line 10, which runs through Ludwigshafen only, the lines all cross one of the two Rhine bridges between the two cities. Lines 4, 4a, 6, 8, and 9 also serve Mannheim Hauptbahnhof. Furthermore, there is a <a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">cross-country tram link</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim" title="Bad Dürkheim">Bad Dürkheim</a>, used by lines 4, 4a, and 9. The bus network consists of about ten municipal lines and further regional lines. </p><p>A rather strange feature of Ludwigshafen's public transport system is the existence of four underground tram stations (Rathaus, Danziger Platz (closed since late 2008), Hauptbahnhof, Hemshofstraße). They go back to the 1970s, when a common underground network in Mannheim and Ludwigshafen was planned. The rash construction of these first stations in Ludwigshafen became superfluous when Mannheim cancelled the project due to its enormous costs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Region_and_neighbours">Region and neighbours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Region and neighbours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The twin cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen closely cooperate in many areas; although they are separated by the <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>/Rhineland Palatinate boundary, this frontier is mainly an administrative one. Many Ludwigshafeners shop and go out in Mannheim's inner city, as it is within easy reach. In the reverse case, some Mannheimers work in Ludwigshafen and many <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">University of Mannheim</a> students choose Ludwigshafen as residence because of its cheaper rents. </p><p>The surroundings of Ludwigshafen on the left bank of the Rhine are called Pfalz and are the easternmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_(region)" title="Palatinate (region)">Palatinate region</a>. The administrative district around Ludwigshafen is called <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis" title="Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis">Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis</a>. North of Ludwigshafen, there is the industrial town of Frankenthal. In the western vicinity of Ludwigshafen, there are several villages producing enormous amounts of vegetables, thus securing the Rheinpfalz the title of “Germany's vegetable garden”. The district south of Ludwigshafen is dominated by the Rhine and the <a href="/wiki/Altrhein" class="mw-redirect" title="Altrhein">Altrhein</a> arms (lakes marking the earlier course of the river) and the ancient town of <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a> with its magnificent imperial cathedral, a noteworthy and remarkable city. </p><p>The regions with some more distance to Ludwigshafen include the beautiful <a href="/wiki/German_Wine_Route" title="German Wine Route">German Wine Route</a> region with Germany's biggest coherent winegrowing area and the <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatinate forest">Palatinate forest</a>, the biggest coherent forest of Europe 50 kilometres (31 miles) in the West, the French region <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> and the German Schwarzwald (<a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a>) hills in the South, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a> hills in the East and the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Rhine_Main_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Rhine Main Area">Rhein-Main</a> region with the city of Frankfurt about 100 kilometres (62 miles) in the North. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_07.jpg/220px-Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_07.jpg/330px-Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_07.jpg/440px-Miro-Wand_in_Ludwigshafen_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1612" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption>Miró mural, known as the Miró-Wand, on the Wilhelm-Hack-Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pfalzbau" title="Pfalzbau">Pfalzbau</a> is a theatre and concert hall with regional importance. The Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz keeps its own <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphonic orchestra">symphonic orchestra</a>, and there is a production company that stages operas 25 nights per year.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Hemshof district, there are smaller theatres playing regional dialect plays. </p><p>The Wilhelm-Hack-Museum is the municipal art museum, with collections spanning from ancient to contemporary art. It is known for the emblematic <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a> mural covering an entire façade, called the "<a href="/wiki/Mir%C3%B3_Wall" title="Miró Wall">Miró Wall</a>" (Miró-Wand in German). The mural is a work of art by the Spanish artist <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a>, with the collaboration of his long-time colleague, the ceramist, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Gardy_Artigas" title="Joan Gardy Artigas">Joan Gardy Artigas</a>, and is made of 7,200 ceramic tiles. It has been subject to degradation due to air pollution since it was installed in 1979. </p><p>Several small museums in Ludwigshafen focus on the city's history, first of all the Stadtmuseum in the <i>Rathaus Center</i>, but also the Schillerhaus Oggersheim, K.O. Braun-Museum in Oppau or the Frankenthaler Kanal Museum in the North. </p><p>The Fachhochschule Ludwigshafen (technical college) specialises in economics and has an affiliated Ostasieninstitut (East Asia Institute). There is also the Evangelische Fachhochschule Ludwigshafen, specialising in social sciences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> is by far the most important industrial company in Ludwigshafen, there are many other firms. Trade and industry in Ludwigshafen have about 90,000 employees in total, with an annual total turnover of nearly 17 billion euros. </p><p>BASF is the world's leading chemical company, employing 110,000 people in total and about 35,000 (a few years ago, the employee total was about 55,000) of them in the Ludwigshafen plant, which is also the largest chemical plant in the world. The company's main products are fertilizers, dye, coolants and many other chemical substances. Among the other chemical companies with plants in Ludwigshafen rank BK Giulini, <a href="/wiki/Abbvie" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbvie">Abbvie</a>, Raschig and <a href="/wiki/Reckitt_%26_Colman" class="mw-redirect" title="Reckitt & Colman">Benckiser</a>. Other important branches of industry are mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, IT and brewery (Mayerbräu Oggersheim). </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1210px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ludwigshafen production site"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg/1200px-BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg/1800px-BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg/2400px-BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="46879" data-file-height="4508" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:BASF_Ludwigshafen_panorama_2023-1.jpg" title="File:BASF Ludwigshafen panorama 2023-1.jpg"> </a></div>Ludwigshafen production site</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suedweststadion_Ludwigshafen_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Suedweststadion_Ludwigshafen_05.JPG/250px-Suedweststadion_Ludwigshafen_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Suedweststadion_Ludwigshafen_05.JPG/330px-Suedweststadion_Ludwigshafen_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Suedweststadion_Ludwigshafen_05.JPG/500px-Suedweststadion_Ludwigshafen_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1759" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdweststadion" title="Südweststadion">Südweststadion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ludwigshafen is one of the German cities that has never had a professional football club. Ludwigshafen has quite a large stadium, the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdweststadion" title="Südweststadion">Südweststadion</a>, built from debris from World War II with a capacity of around 40,000. Several international matches and some <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> matches when <a href="/wiki/1._FC_Kaiserslautern" title="1. FC Kaiserslautern">1. FC Kaiserslautern</a> or <a href="/wiki/Waldhof_Mannheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldhof Mannheim">Waldhof Mannheim</a> used it as alternative stadium during the past decades have been held there. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Huddersfield_Town_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Huddersfield Town F.C.">Huddersfield Town</a> left-back <a href="/wiki/Dominik_Werling" title="Dominik Werling">Dominik Werling</a> was born in Ludwigshafen. </p><p>Formerly the most successful Ludwigshafen football club was <a href="/wiki/FSV_Oggersheim" title="FSV Oggersheim">FSV Oggersheim</a>, whose team experienced short-term success when gaining promotion to the <a href="/wiki/Regionalliga" title="Regionalliga">Regionalliga</a> (3rd Division) at the end of the 2006–07 season. However, the club found itself outclassed, and as the financial situation grew worse after two poor seasons, the club withdrew to 11th tier local level play in 2010–11. </p><p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Arminia_Ludwigshafen" title="Arminia Ludwigshafen">Arminia Ludwigshafen</a> is the highest-classed football club from the city, competing in the <a href="/wiki/Oberliga_Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar" title="Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar">Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar</a> (V). </p><p>An athletics hall has been constructed near the Stadium a few years ago. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/TSG_Friesenheim" title="TSG Friesenheim">TSG Friesenheim</a> plays in the German 1st handball division since summer 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nature">Nature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Weg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Weg.jpg/220px-Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Weg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Weg.jpg/330px-Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Weg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Weg.jpg/440px-Ludwigshafen_Parkinsel_Weg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1897" data-file-height="1470" /></a><figcaption>Parkinsel</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several municipal parks in Ludwigshafen: First of all the Ebertpark in the North quarter and Friesenheim. It was created for the South German Horticulture Exhibition in 1925 with the Friedrich-Ebert-Halle, a multi-purpose hall. </p><p>The official Stadtpark, or municipal park, is somewhat remote from the city centre (yet easy to reach by the #10 tram), because it is situated on the Parkinsel, or park island, on a bank of the Rhine. </p><p>The Friedenspark is closer to the city centre, being located just north of the main station and west of the city hall. It is the youngest of Ludwigshafen's parks, having been created on a former industrial area. </p><p>Further, there are numerous smaller parks that are just a bit larger than a towel in the suburbs, for example the Stadtpark Oggersheim, Riedsaumpark, Alwin-Mittasch-Platz and Friesenpark in Friesenheim, Stadtpark Oppau, Bürgerpark Pfingstweide or Zedtwitzpark Mundenheim. </p><p>The Maudacher Bruch in the West between Maudach, Gartenstadt and Oggersheim, is a very extensive, horse-shoe shaped area, including the Michaelsberg (126m), a mountain built of debris and wreckage after World War II. Due to excessive extraction of ground water from chemical companies the ground water level drops and the diversity of nature is no longer preserved. The Kief’scher Weiher in the South is connected with the Rhine and serves as yacht harbour, being surrounded by weekend camping areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27348-0008,_Berlin,_Ernst_Bloch_auf_Begegnung_der_Geistesschaffenden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27348-0008%2C_Berlin%2C_Ernst_Bloch_auf_Begegnung_der_Geistesschaffenden.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27348-0008%2C_Berlin%2C_Ernst_Bloch_auf_Begegnung_der_Geistesschaffenden.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27348-0008%2C_Berlin%2C_Ernst_Bloch_auf_Begegnung_der_Geistesschaffenden.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27348-0008%2C_Berlin%2C_Ernst_Bloch_auf_Begegnung_der_Geistesschaffenden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27348-0008%2C_Berlin%2C_Ernst_Bloch_auf_Begegnung_der_Geistesschaffenden.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-27348-0008%2C_Berlin%2C_Ernst_Bloch_auf_Begegnung_der_Geistesschaffenden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Ernst Bloch Berlin 1954</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bloch" title="Ernst Bloch">Ernst Bloch</a> (1885–1977), philosopher and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_A._Lehmann" title="Ernst A. Lehmann">Ernst A. Lehmann</a> (1886–1937), airship captain and <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> builder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dieterle" title="William Dieterle">William Dieterle</a> (1893–1972), <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> film director, actor and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a>-winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Julius_Jung" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Julius Jung">Edgar Julius Jung</a> (1894–1934), lawyer, politician and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ehrhart" title="Gustav Ehrhart">Gustav Ehrhart</a> (1894–1971), chemist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurt_Biedenkopf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kurt_Biedenkopf.jpg/150px-Kurt_Biedenkopf.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kurt_Biedenkopf.jpg/225px-Kurt_Biedenkopf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kurt_Biedenkopf.jpg/300px-Kurt_Biedenkopf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="2346" /></a><figcaption>Kurt Biedenkopf, Leipzig 2006</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1901–1940"><span id="1901.E2.80.931940"></span>1901–1940</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 1901–1940"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F074398-0021_Kohl_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F074398-0021_Kohl_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F074398-0021_Kohl_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F074398-0021_Kohl_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F074398-0021_Kohl_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F074398-0021_Kohl_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F074398-0021_Kohl_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>, former Chancellor of Germany</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Gehring" title="Georg Gehring">Georg Gehring</a> (1903–1943), wrestler, Olympic bronze medalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Karch" title="Oswald Karch">Oswald Karch</a> (1917–2009), German racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Gutting" title="Ernst Gutting">Ernst Gutting</a> (1919–2013) auxiliary bishop of Speyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Gamber" title="Klaus Gamber">Klaus Gamber</a> (1919–1989), Catholic priest and liturgical historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Clos" title="Max Clos">Max Clos</a> (1925–2002), French journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kortokraks" title="Rudolf Kortokraks">Rudolf Kortokraks</a> (1928–2014), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Haas" title="Carl Haas">Carl Haas</a> (1929–2016), American racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Schreckenberger" title="Waldemar Schreckenberger">Waldemar Schreckenberger</a> (1929–2017), lawyer, professor emeritus and secretary of state and head of the <i>Bundeskanzleramt</i> 1982–1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> (1930–2017), German chancellor (1982–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Biedenkopf" title="Kurt Biedenkopf">Kurt Biedenkopf</a> (1930–2021), politician (CDU), former <a href="/wiki/Ministerpr%C3%A4sident" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministerpräsident">Ministerpräsident</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> (1990–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Franz_Schmidt" title="Robert Franz Schmidt">Robert Franz Schmidt</a> (1932–2017), physiologist and professor emeritus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Morweiser" title="Fanny Morweiser">Fanny Morweiser</a> (1940–2014), author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_Hamel" title="Lambert Hamel">Lambert Hamel</a> (born 1940), actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1950–1990"><span id="1950.E2.80.931990"></span>1950–1990</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 1950–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Frosch" title="Walter Frosch">Walter Frosch</a> (1950 - 2013), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Kaltz" title="Manfred Kaltz">Manfred Kaltz</a> (born 1953), football player and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Bolz" title="Norbert Bolz">Norbert Bolz</a> (born 1953), media scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Barnett" title="Doris Barnett">Doris Barnett</a> (born 1953), politician (SPD), Member of Bundestag since 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_G%C3%BCllich" title="Wolfgang Güllich">Wolfgang Güllich</a> (1960–1992), rock climber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Eligmann" title="Barbara Eligmann">Barbara Eligmann</a> (born 1963), television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Passarelli" title="Claudio Passarelli">Claudio Passarelli</a> (born 1965), wrestler and champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Weickert" title="Joachim Weickert">Joachim Weickert</a> (born 1965), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Kordi%C4%87" title="Mario Kordić">Mario Kordić</a> (born 1972), politician (<a href="/wiki/HDZ_BiH" class="mw-redirect" title="HDZ BiH">HDZ BiH</a>), mayor of <a href="/wiki/Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanne_Kurz" title="Sanne Kurz">Sanne Kurz</a> (born 1974), camera woman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M%C3%B6ller" title="Richard Möller">Richard Möller</a> (born 1977), football player and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan-Peter_Peckolt" title="Jan-Peter Peckolt">Jan-Peter Peckolt</a> (born 1981), sailor (49er dinghy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Sch%C3%BCrrle" title="André Schürrle">André Schürrle</a> (born 1990), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dissinger" title="Christian Dissinger">Christian Dissinger</a> (born 1991), handball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehmann" title="Paul Ehmann">Paul Ehmann</a> (born 1993), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiem_Amiri" title="Nadiem Amiri">Nadiem Amiri</a> (born 1996), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_207" title="Apache 207">Apache 207</a> (born 1997), rapper</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Ludwigshafen is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>, United States (1948)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a>, France (1963)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Havering" title="London Borough of Havering">Havering (London)</a>, United Kingdom (1971)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sumqayit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumqayit">Sumqayit</a>, Azerbaijan (1987)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dessau-Ro%C3%9Flau" title="Dessau-Roßlau">Dessau-Roßlau</a>, Germany (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a>, Turkey (2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zviahel" title="Zviahel">Zviahel</a>, Ukraine (2022)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/direktwahlen/wahl-der-buergermeister-kreisfreier-staedte/">Wahl der Oberbürgermeister der kreisfreien Städte</a>, Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 30 July 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistischebibliothek.de/mir/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/RPHeft_derivate_00008227/A1033_202222_hj_G.pdf">"Bevölkerungsstand 2022, Kreise, Gemeinden, Verbandsgemeinden"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Statistisches_Landesamt_Rheinland-Pfalz" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz</a>. 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstand+2022%2C+Kreise%2C+Gemeinden%2C+Verbandsgemeinden&rft.pub=Statistisches+Landesamt+Rheinland-Pfalz&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistischebibliothek.de%2Fmir%2Fservlets%2FMCRFileNodeServlet%2FRPHeft_derivate_00008227%2FA1033_202222_hj_G.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170602133724/https://www.basf.com/us/en/company/career/why-join-basf/basf-at-a-glance/basf-headquarters.html">"BASF Headquarters"</a>. <i>BASF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basf.com/us/en/company/career/why-join-basf/basf-at-a-glance/basf-headquarters.html">the original</a> on 2 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BASF&rft.atitle=BASF+Headquarters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.basf.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fcompany%2Fcareer%2Fwhy-join-basf%2Fbasf-at-a-glance%2Fbasf-headquarters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-world-s-largest-chemical-producing-companies.html">"Who Are The World's Largest Chemical Producing Companies?"</a>. <i>World Atlas</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025190122/http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-world-s-largest-chemical-producing-companies.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Atlas&rft.atitle=Who+Are+The+World%27s+Largest+Chemical+Producing+Companies%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fwhich-are-the-world-s-largest-chemical-producing-companies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/272704/top-10-chemical-companies-worldwide-based-on-revenue/">"Largest chemical companies worldwide based on revenue in 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)"</a>. <i>Statista</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025185701/https://www.statista.com/statistics/272704/top-10-chemical-companies-worldwide-based-on-revenue/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Largest+chemical+companies+worldwide+based+on+revenue+in+2017+%28in+billion+U.S.+dollars%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F272704%2Ftop-10-chemical-companies-worldwide-based-on-revenue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html">"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2012"</a>. <i>www.lboro.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lboro.ac.uk&rft.atitle=GaWC+-+The+World+According+to+GaWC+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2012t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliver Zimmer, <i>Remaking the Rhythms of Life: German Communities in the Age of the Nation-State</i> (Oxford University Press; 2013) compares the city to Augsburg and Ulm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Once_We_Walked" title="Where Once We Walked">Where Once We Walked</a></i>, first edition, p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Physical Damage Division, "IG Farbenindustrie Ludwigshafen, Germany", vol. I, 2nd ed. (April 1947)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Shelby, <i>World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946</i>, Stackpole Books (Revised Edition 2006), pp. 65, 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,533293,00.html">"Turkish Immigrants Killed in Blaze : German Police Probing Arson Claim"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 5 February 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603015133/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,533293,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Turkish+Immigrants+Killed+in+Blaze+%3A+German+Police+Probing+Arson+Claim&rft.date=2008-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C533293%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,538341,00.html">"Ludwigshafen Blaze: Deadly Fire Not Arson, Say Investigators"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 28 February 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100824031135/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,538341,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Ludwigshafen+Blaze%3A+Deadly+Fire+Not+Arson%2C+Say+Investigators&rft.date=2008-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C538341%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ludwigshafen.de/fileadmin/Websites/Stadt_Ludwigshafen/Nachhaltig/Stadtentwicklung/Veroeffentlichungen/PDF/Jahresbericht_2016.pdf">"Statistischer Jahresbericht 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618175442/http://www.ludwigshafen.de/fileadmin/Websites/Stadt_Ludwigshafen/Nachhaltig/Stadtentwicklung/Veroeffentlichungen/PDF/Jahresbericht_2016.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistischer+Jahresbericht+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ludwigshafen.de%2Ffileadmin%2FWebsites%2FStadt_Ludwigshafen%2FNachhaltig%2FStadtentwicklung%2FVeroeffentlichungen%2FPDF%2FJahresbericht_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CVDKJFN-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CVDKJFN_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Van De Kieft and J. F. Niermeyer, eds. (1967), <i>Elenchus fontium historiae urbanae</i> (Leiden: E. J. Brill), pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalász2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Halász, Gábor (2001). "Ludwigshafen". In <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Sadie, Stanley</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">Tyrrell, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5"><bdi>978-1-56159-239-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ludwigshafen&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-239-5&rft.aulast=Hal%C3%A1sz&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span>‎</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ludwigshafen.de/lebenswert/stadt-am-rhein/partnerstaedte/">"Partnerstädte"</a>. <i>ludwigshafen.de</i> (in German). Ludwigshafen am Rhein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326141817/https://www.ludwigshafen.de/lebenswert/stadt-am-rhein/partnerstaedte/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ludwigshafen.de&rft.atitle=Partnerst%C3%A4dte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ludwigshafen.de%2Flebenswert%2Fstadt-am-rhein%2Fpartnerstaedte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudwigshafen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ludwigshafen#Q2910" class="extiw" title="voy:Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ludwigshafen.de/">Official City Website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020402003807/http://www.wilhelm-hack-museum.de/">Wilhelm-Hack-Museum</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Important_cities_and_tourist_sites_in_Germany:_Greater_region_of_Heidelberg_/_Rhine-Neckar–Palatinate195" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_tourism_Heidelberg_area" title="Template:Germany tourism Heidelberg area"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_tourism_Heidelberg_area" title="Template talk:Germany tourism Heidelberg area"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_tourism_Heidelberg_area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany tourism Heidelberg area"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Important_cities_and_tourist_sites_in_Germany:_Greater_region_of_Heidelberg_/_Rhine-Neckar–Palatinate195" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Important cities and tourist sites in Germany: Greater region of <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Neckar" title="Rhine-Neckar">Rhine-Neckar</a>–<a href="/wiki/Palatinate_(region)" title="Palatinate (region)">Palatinate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Weinstra%C3%9Fe" title="Neustadt an der Weinstraße">Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other touristic sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim" title="Bad Dürkheim">Bad Dürkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Rappenau" title="Bad Rappenau">Bad Rappenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchen" title="Buchen">Buchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberbach_(Baden)" title="Eberbach (Baden)">Eberbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenkoben" title="Edenkoben">Edenkoben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladenburg" title="Ladenburg">Ladenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorsch" title="Lorsch">Lorsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosbach" title="Mosbach">Mosbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckargem%C3%BCnd" title="Neckargemünd">Neckargemünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsheim" title="Sinsheim">Sinsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinheim" title="Weinheim">Weinheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walld%C3%BCrn" title="Walldürn">Walldürn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landscapes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Wine_Route" title="German Wine Route">German Wine Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palatinate" title="Electoral Palatinate">Kurpfalz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckar" title="Neckar">Neckar river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odenwald" title="Odenwald">Odenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinate_Forest" title="Palatinate Forest">Palatinate Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine river</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighboring areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Germany</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">France</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Wissembourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;20px&#124;Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_State_of_Rhineland-Palatinate_in_Germany_border&#124;20px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template talk:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;20px&#124;Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_State_of_Rhineland-Palatinate_in_Germany_border&#124;20px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Rhineland-Palatinate"><img alt="Flag of Rhineland-Palatinate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Urban and rural districts in the State of <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankenthal" title="Frankenthal">Frankenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Weinstra%C3%9Fe" title="Neustadt an der Weinstraße">Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirmasens" title="Pirmasens">Pirmasens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Zweibrücken">Zweibrücken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahrweiler_(district)" title="Ahrweiler (district)">Ahrweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altenkirchen_(district)" title="Altenkirchen (district)"> Altenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzey-Worms" title="Alzey-Worms">Alzey-Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim_(district)" title="Bad Dürkheim (district)">Bad Dürkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Kreuznach_(district)" title="Bad Kreuznach (district)">Bad Kreuznach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernkastel-Wittlich" title="Bernkastel-Wittlich">Bernkastel-Wittlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkenfeld_(district)" title="Birkenfeld (district)">Birkenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitburg-Pr%C3%BCm" title="Bitburg-Prüm">Bitburg-Prüm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochem-Zell" title="Cochem-Zell">Cochem-Zell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnersbergkreis" title="Donnersbergkreis">Donnersbergkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germersheim_(district)" title="Germersheim (district)">Germersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern_(district)" title="Kaiserslautern (district)">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusel_(district)" title="Kusel (district)">Kusel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz-Bingen" title="Mainz-Bingen">Mainz-Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayen-Koblenz" title="Mayen-Koblenz">Mayen-Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuwied_(district)" title="Neuwied (district)">Neuwied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Hunsr%C3%BCck-Kreis" title="Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis">Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Lahn-Kreis" title="Rhein-Lahn-Kreis">Rhein-Lahn-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis" title="Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis">Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdliche_Weinstra%C3%9Fe" title="Südliche Weinstraße">Südliche Weinstraße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestpfalz" title="Südwestpfalz">Südwestpfalz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier-Saarburg" title="Trier-Saarburg">Trier-Saarburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkaneifel" title="Vulkaneifel">Vulkaneifel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerwaldkreis" title="Westerwaldkreis">Westerwaldkreis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1705" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1705" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406006999">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119568825">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/263473089">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyCJ8DGKmQpJK34BbGvHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036472-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80158512">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12312821t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12312821t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge391044&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564196505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3f73445c-fec7-4178-8e30-15d7ccb0ec36">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032018800">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045624">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&oldid=1280629108">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&oldid=1280629108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Category:Cities in Rhineland-Palatinate">Cities in Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1844_establishments_in_Bavaria" title="Category:1844 establishments in Bavaria">1844 establishments in Bavaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1844" title="Category:Populated places established in 1844">Populated places established in 1844</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ludwigshafen" title="Category:Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urban_districts_of_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Category:Urban districts of Rhineland-Palatinate">Urban districts of Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palatinate_(region)" title="Category:Palatinate (region)">Palatinate (region)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Category:Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_the_Cite_Grove_template" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template">Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_the_Cite_Grove_template_without_a_link_parameter" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template without a link parameter">Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template without a link parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2019">Articles needing additional references from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_February_2014" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2014">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2015" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 March 2025, at 16:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ludwigshafen</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>87 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d6f4c4464-gmtdr","wgBackendResponseTime":245,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_2fb5cf979894d8e1b18dc7194c89b058c3eefb34":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q2910","properties":{"title":"Ludwigshafen","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q2910","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Ludwigshafen"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.760","walltime":"2.411","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10309,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":164089,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":24611,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128993,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2127.667 1 -total"," 39.16% 833.095 1 Template:Infobox_German_place"," 37.95% 807.357 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 30.66% 652.288 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.23% 196.343 1 Template:IPA"," 8.61% 183.152 23 Template:Main_other"," 7.94% 168.949 7 Template:Population_Germany"," 6.91% 146.984 7 Template:Metadata_Population_DE-RP"," 6.50% 138.296 7 Template:Cite_web"," 6.35% 135.170 4 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.923","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":28595589,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-65bf7dbd64-f2rlr","timestamp":"20250325193237","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ludwigshafen","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwigshafen","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2910","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2910","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-10T00:28:15Z","dateModified":"2025-03-15T16:41:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e7\/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg","headline":"city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany"}</script> </body> </html>