CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sègle XI — Wikipèdia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ocwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"oc normal","wgMonthNames":["","genièr","febrièr","març","abril","mai","junh","julhet","agost","setembre","octobre","novembre","decembre"],"wgRequestId":"1a130538-ab0a-4af8-8590-2f4d523b4dad","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sègle_XI","wgTitle":"Sègle XI","wgCurRevisionId":2434131,"wgRevisionId":2434131,"wgArticleId":38846,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals","Article redigit en provençau","Sègle"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sègle_XI","wgRelevantArticleId":38846,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"oc","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"oc"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7063","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sègle XI — Wikipèdia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificar" href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipèdia (oc)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//oc.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.oc"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sègle_XI rootpage-Sègle_XI skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal/Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal/Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=S%C3%A8gle+XI" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=S%C3%A8gle+XI" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=S%C3%A8gle+XI" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=S%C3%A8gle+XI" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sègle XI</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 137 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/11de_eeu" title="11de eeu - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="11de eeu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._Jahrhundert" title="11. Jahrhundert - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="11. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="11ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="11ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_XI" title="Sieglo XI - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo XI" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/11e_g%C4%93arhundred" title="11e gēarhundred - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="11e gēarhundred" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_11" title="القرن 11 - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 11" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="القرن الحداشر - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن الحداشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_XI" title="Sieglu XI - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu XI" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D1%83" title="XI гӀасру - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="XI гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-eafa_decemda" title="11-eafa decemda - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="11-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%C9%99sr" title="XI əsr - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XI əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1._%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="۱۱. یوز ایل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۱. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XI быуат - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XI быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-11" title="Abad ka-11 - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-11" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_om%C5%BEios" title="XI omžios - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XI omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XI стагоддзе - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XI стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XI стагодзьдзе - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XI стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="11 век - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="11 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIvet_kantved" title="XIvet kantved - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XIvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._vijek" title="11. vijek - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="11. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XI" title="Segle XI - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle XI" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_si%C3%A9-g%C4%AB" title="11 sié-gī - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="11 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE" title="XI бӀешо - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="XI бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A1" title="سەدەی ١١ - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی ١١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._stolet%C3%AD" title="11. století - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="11. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XI ĕмĕр - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="XI ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/11eg_ganrif" title="11eg ganrif - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="11eg ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="11. århundrede - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="11. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._Jahrhundert" title="11. Jahrhundert - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="11. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_11ine" title="Seserra 11ine - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 11ine" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="11ος αιώνας - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="11ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_s%C3%A9col" title="XI sécol - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="XI sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="11th century" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-a_jarcento" title="11-a jarcento - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="11-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XI" title="Siglo XI - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo XI" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._sajand" title="11. sajand - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="11. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI._mendea" title="XI. mendea - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XI. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_XI" title="Sigru XI - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru XI" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سده یازدهم میلادی - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده یازدهم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000-luku" title="1000-luku - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1000-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._aastagasada" title="11. aastagasada - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="11. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._%C3%B8ld" title="11. øld - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="11. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XIe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI%C3%A9mo_si%C3%A8cllo" title="XIémo siècllo - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="XIémo siècllo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._juarhunert" title="11. juarhunert - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="11. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/11e_iuw" title="11e iuw - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="11e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%C3%BA_haois" title="11ú haois - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="11ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="11世紀 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="11世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/11mh_Linn" title="11mh Linn - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="11mh Linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XI" title="Século XI - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século XI" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/11d_eash" title="11d eash - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="11d eash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-11" title="המאה ה-11 - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-11" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="११वीं शताब्दी - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="११वीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._stolje%C4%87e" title="11. stoljeće - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="11. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._sz%C3%A1zad" title="11. század - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="11. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="11-րդ դար - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="11-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_11" title="Seculo 11 - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 11" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-11_hingga_20" title="Abad ke-11 hingga 20 - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-11 hingga 20" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/11ma_yarcento" title="11ma yarcento - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="11ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._%C3%B6ldin" title="11. öldin - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="11. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_secolo" title="XI secolo - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XI secolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="11世紀 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="11世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_11" title="Abad ping 11 - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 11" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="XI საუკუნე - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XI საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XI ғасыр - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XI ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="11세기 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="11세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_11an" title="Sedsala 11an - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 11an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/11ves_kansbledhen" title="11ves kansbledhen - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="11ves kansbledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_11" title="Saeculum 11 - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 11" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._Joerhonnert" title="11. Joerhonnert - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="11. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="XI виш йис - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="XI виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_11" title="Sentenio 11 - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 11" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lfde_iew" title="Èlfde iew - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Èlfde iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_secolo" title="XI secolo - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="XI secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cul_XI" title="Sécul XI - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul XI" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_am%C5%BEius" title="XI amžius - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XI amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._gadsimts" title="11. gadsimts - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="11. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-11" title="Abad kaping-11 - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-11" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XI курым - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="XI курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_11" title="Rautau 11 - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 11" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="11 век - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="11 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ११ वे शतक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ११ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-11" title="Abad ke-11 - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-11" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%81_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၁၁ ရာစုနှစ် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၁ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="XI пинге - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="XI пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_XI" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XI - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XI" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_seculo" title="XI seculo - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="XI seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._Johrhunnert" title="11. Johrhunnert - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="11. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/11e_eeuw" title="11e eeuw - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="11e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/11e_eeuw" title="11e eeuw - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="11e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000-talet" title="1000-talet - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1000-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._%C3%A5rhundre" title="11. århundre - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="11. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIe_s." title="XIe s. - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="XIe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_11" title="Ngwagakgolo 11 - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 11" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_wiek" title="XI wiek - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XI wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گیارہويں صدی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیارہويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XI" title="Século XI - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século XI" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata" title="11 ñiqin pachakwata - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="11 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_XI-lea" title="Secolul al XI-lea - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al XI-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="XI век - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XI век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="XI. стороча - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="XI. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="XI үйэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="XI үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_s%C3%A8culu" title="XI sèculu - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="XI sèculu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._vijek" title="11. vijek - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="11. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasuta_tiss_XI" title="Tasuta tiss XI - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasuta tiss XI" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_11" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 11 - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 11" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83" title="11 වන සියවස - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="11 වන සියවස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="11th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._storo%C4%8Die" title="11. storočie - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="11. storočie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._stoletje" title="11. stoletje - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="11. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_XI" title="Shekulli XI - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli XI" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="11. век - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="11. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._Jierhunnert" title="11. Jierhunnert - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="11. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-11" title="Abad ka-11 - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-11" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000-talet" title="1000-talet - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1000-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_11" title="Karne ya 11 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 11" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="11-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="11-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_XI" title="Садаи XI - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи XI" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_11" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 11 - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 11" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-nji_asyr" title="11-nji asyr - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="11-nji asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-11_dantaon" title="Ika-11 dantaon - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-11 dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="11. yüzyıl - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="11. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XI гасыр - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XI гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="XI століття - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XI століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گیارہویں صدی - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیارہویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_asr" title="XI asr - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="XI asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_secolo" title="XI secolo - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XI secolo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_11" title="Thế kỷ 11 - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 11" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/11inme_sieke" title="11inme sieke - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="11inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-11_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-11 nga gatostuig - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-11 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="11世纪 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="11世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="XI ოშწანურა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="XI ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%22%D7%94" title="11טער י"ה - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="11טער י"ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/11e_e%C3%AAuw" title="11e eêuw - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="11e eêuw" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="11世纪 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="11世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_s%C3%A8-k%C3%AD" title="11 sè-kí - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="11 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="11世紀 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="11世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7063#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d'aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d'aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d'opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/S%C3%A8gle_XI" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/S%C3%A8gle_XI" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&oldid=2434131" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=S%C3%A8gle_XI&id=2434131&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FS%25C3%25A8gle_XI"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FS%25C3%25A8gle_XI"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=S%C3%A8gle+XI"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d'aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimibla</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d'autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:11th_century" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7063" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-dialecte-provençau" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span title="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau."><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au"><img alt="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <center><a href="/wiki/Millenni_I" title="Millenni I">Millenni I</a> | <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millenni_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millenni II (la pagina existís pas)">Millenni II</a></b> <b> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millenni_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millenni III (la pagina existís pas)">Millenni III</a></b></center> <center><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VIII" title="Sègle VIII">../..</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IX" title="Sègle IX">Sègle IX</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_X" title="Sègle X">Sègle X</a> | <b>Sègle XI</b> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XII" title="Sègle XII">Sègle XII</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIII" title="Sègle XIII">Sègle XIII</a> | <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIV" title="Sègle XIV">../..</a></center> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1001</b> : expedicion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud de Ghazni (la pagina existís pas)">Mahmud de Ghazni</a> còntra <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>. Amb una pichona armada de <a href="/wiki/Cavalari%C3%A1" title="Cavalariá">cavaliers</a>, ataquèt e pilhèt lo territòri de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaipal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaipal (la pagina existís pas)">Jaipal</a>, raja de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahore (la pagina existís pas)">Lahore</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Kabol" title="Kabol">Kabol</a>. Esquichat e umiliat, lo raja se suicidiguèt mai son fiu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anandapala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anandapala (la pagina existís pas)">Anandapala</a>, lo remplacèt e comencèt l'organizacion d'una importanta coalicion per s'aparar còntra una incursion novèla (→ <a href="/wiki/1004" class="mw-redirect" title="1004">1004</a>). <br /> <b>1001</b> : començament dau rèine dau prince <a href="/w/index.php?title=Est%C3%A8ve_I%C3%A8r_(r%C3%A8i_d%27Ongria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estève Ièr (rèi d'Ongria) (la pagina existís pas)">Estève I<sup>èr</sup></a> que marquèt l'intrada d'<a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a> au sen dei reiaumes <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a>. <br /> <b>1001</b> : annexion de l'<a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a> actuala per lo duc <a href="/wiki/Boleslau_I%C3%A8r_de_Polonha" title="Boleslau Ièr de Polonha">Boleslau I<sup>èr</sup> de Polonha</a>. <br /> <b>1002</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, la mòrt dau duc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enric_I%C3%A8r_de_Borgonha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enric Ièr de Borgonha (la pagina existís pas)">Enric I<sup>èr</sup> de Borgonha</a>, fraire dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Uc_Capet" title="Uc Capet">Uc Capet</a>, entraïnèt una guèrra entre lei senhors borgonhés desirós de se partejar l'eiretatge dau duc e lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Robèrt II de França">Robèrt II</a> que voliá lo mantenir dins lo reiaume capecian (→ <a href="/wiki/1015" class="mw-redirect" title="1015">1015</a>). <br /> <b>1003-1004</b> : importants combats entre <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanat_Bulgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khanat Bulgar (la pagina existís pas)">Bulgars</a>. S'acabèron per una trèva de 10 ans qu'èra globalament a l'avantatge de <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1014" class="mw-redirect" title="1014">1014</a>). <br /> <b>1004-1013</b> : après l'annexion de <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia" title="Boèmia">Boèmia</a> per lo duc <a href="/wiki/Boleslau_I%C3%A8r_de_Polonha" title="Boleslau Ièr de Polonha">Boleslau de Polonha</a> en <a href="/wiki/1003" class="mw-redirect" title="1003">1003</a>, començament d'una guèrra entre lo <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri Roman Germanic</a> de l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enric_III_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enric III (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Enric III</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonés</a>. S'acabèt per una victòria polonesa : en cambi d'un jurament de fidelitat, <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> gardèt la màger part de sei conquistas (→ <a href="/wiki/1015" class="mw-redirect" title="1015">1015</a>). <br /> <b>1004</b> : incursion novèla de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud de Ghazni (la pagina existís pas)">Mahmud de Ghazni</a> dins la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peninsula_Indiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peninsula Indiana (la pagina existís pas)">Peninsula Indiana</a> onte pilhèt la region de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhatia (la pagina existís pas)">Bhatia</a>. <br /> <b>1005</b> : data tradicionalament retenguda per la fondacion de la <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_G%C3%A8noa" title="Republica de Gènoa">Republica de Gènoa</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1008</b> : revòuta d'una partida de la noblesa <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">provençala</a> còntra lo còmte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_II_de_Proven%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilhèm II de Provença (la pagina existís pas)">Guilhèm II</a>. <br /> <b>1009</b> : en aplicacion de sa politica ostila ai populacions non <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmanas</a>, lo califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hakim_(Fatimida)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hakim (Fatimida) (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hakim</a> ordonèt la destruccion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A8isa_dau_Sant_Sepulcre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glèisa dau Sant Sepulcre (la pagina existís pas)">Glèisa dau Sant Sepulcre</a> de <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a>. Aquò entraïnèt de protestacions importantas en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> e foguèt una causa de l'organizacion dei <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosadas</a> a partir de la fin dau sègle (→ <a href="/wiki/1030" class="mw-redirect" title="1030">1030</a>). <br /> <b>1014-1018</b> : conquista e annexion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khanat_Bulgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khanat Bulgar (la pagina existís pas)">Khanat Bulgar</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a>. Aquò permetèt a <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> d'eliminar una menaça importanta e de tornar posicionar sa frontiera lòng de <a href="/wiki/Danubi" title="Danubi">Danubi</a>. <br /> <b>1015</b> : aliança entre <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_G%C3%A8noa" title="Republica de Gènoa">Gènoa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> per assaiar d'empachar la conquista de <a href="/wiki/Sardenha" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a> per l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirat_de_Denia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirat de Denia (la pagina existís pas)">emir de Denia</a>. <br /> <b>1015</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, reglament de la question dau <a href="/wiki/Ducat_de_Borgonha" title="Ducat de Borgonha">Ducat de Borgonha</a> amb una victòria dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Robèrt II de França">Robèrt II</a> que capitèt de mantenir lo fèu dins son esfèra d'influéncia. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg/220px-SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg/330px-SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg/440px-SamuilsDeathBGhistory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption>Representacion bizantina de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Kleidion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Kleidion (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Kleidion</a>, succès decisiu de la reconquista de <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin_(1025-1204)_e_Khanat_Bulgar_(996).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin_%281025-1204%29_e_Khanat_Bulgar_%28996%29.png/220px-Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin_%281025-1204%29_e_Khanat_Bulgar_%28996%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin_%281025-1204%29_e_Khanat_Bulgar_%28996%29.png/330px-Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin_%281025-1204%29_e_Khanat_Bulgar_%28996%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin_%281025-1204%29_e_Khanat_Bulgar_%28996%29.png/440px-Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin_%281025-1204%29_e_Khanat_Bulgar_%28996%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1839" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/1025" class="mw-redirect" title="1025">1025</a> après la reconquista de <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1015-1018</b> : guèrra novèla entre <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri Roman Germanic</a>. Coma lo conflicte precedent, s'acabèt per una victòria polonesa. L'Empèri deguèt abandonar una partida de <a href="/wiki/Lus%C3%A0cia" title="Lusàcia">Lusàcia</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via" title="Moràvia">Moràvia</a> a seis adversaris. En revènge, gardèt lo contraròtle de <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia" title="Boèmia">Boèmia</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1018</b> : mòrt dau còmte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_II_de_Proven%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilhèm II de Provença (la pagina existís pas)">Guilhèm II de Provença</a> durant una temptativa de reprimir una <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8tge_de_F%C3%B2s_(1018)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sètge de Fòs (1018) (la pagina existís pas)">revòuta</a> de <a href="/wiki/Pon%C3%A7_de_F%C3%B2s" title="Ponç de Fòs">Ponç de Fòs</a>. Aquò entraïnèt de sei domenis entre sei fèus e afebliguèt l'autoritat dei còmtes. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Druzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Druzes">Druzes</a>.</div> <p><b>1021</b> : disparicion dau <a href="/wiki/Califa" title="Califa">califa</a> <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a> que foguèt probablament assassinat a l'estigança de sa sòrre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitt_al-Mulk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitt al-Mulk (la pagina existís pas)">Sitt al-Mulk</a>. Son cadabre foguèt jamai descubèrt e sei partisans, gropats a l'entorn dau <a href="/wiki/Visir" title="Visir">visir</a> Muhammad al-Darazi, ne'n faguèron un personatge sant ocultat. Aquò foguèt a l'origina de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> <a href="/wiki/Druzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Druzes">drusa</a>. Regardant leis afaires dau Califat, son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_az-Zahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali az-Zahir (la pagina existís pas)">Ali az-Zahir</a> li succediguèt sota la tutèla de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitt_al-Mulk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitt al-Mulk (la pagina existís pas)">Sitt al-Mulk</a> (tanben dicha Sitt an-Nasr). Pasmens, la regéncia mau capitèt d'impausar son autoritat e lo rèine novèu comencèt amb quatre annadas de trèbols intèrnes. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1022</b> : segon lo monge cronicaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asemar_de_Chabannes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asemar de Chabannes (la pagina existís pas)">Asemar de Chabannes</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Eretgia" title="Eretgia">eretics</a> foguèron cremats dins lo corrent de l'annada a <a href="/wiki/Tolosa" title="Tolosa">Tolosa</a> après una condamnacion per « <a href="/wiki/Manique%C3%AFsme" title="Maniqueïsme">maniqueïsme</a> »<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aqueu tèrme designava benlèu d'eretics <a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">dualistas</a> precursors dau <a href="/wiki/Catarisme" title="Catarisme">catarisme</a> mai es pas segur. <br /> <b>1023</b> : presa de la succession dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comtat_de_Champanha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comtat de Champanha (la pagina existís pas)">còmte de Champanha</a> per lo còmte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Audoin_II_de_Bles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audoin II de Bles (la pagina existís pas)">Audoin II de Bles</a>. Aquò li permetèt de venir lo senhor d'un domeni poderòs format de Champanha, de <a href="/wiki/Bles" title="Bles">Bles</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Chartres">Chartres</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B2ias" title="Tròias">Tròias</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Meus" title="Meus">Meus</a> que foguèt una menaça per lo domeni reiau francés fins au començament dau sègle XIII. <br /> <b>1023-1025</b> : epidemia de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8sta" title="Pèsta">pèsta</a> e <a href="/wiki/Famina" title="Famina">famina</a> grèva en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>. Amb lo decès de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitt_al-Mulk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitt al-Mulk (la pagina existís pas)">Sitt al-Mulk</a>, agravèron lei trèbols intèrnes dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a> en entraïnant de revòutas en <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1028" class="mw-redirect" title="1028">1028</a>-<a href="/wiki/1029" class="mw-redirect" title="1029">1029</a>). <br /> <b>1024</b> : per de rasons desconegudas, un parent dau <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' de Kiev">prince de Kiev</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_entre_Rus%27_e_Bizantins_(1024)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra entre Rus' e Bizantins (1024) (la pagina existís pas)">ataquèt una flòta bizantina</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mar_Eg%C3%A8a" title="Mar Egèa">Mar Egèa</a>. Foguèt batut au larg de l'illa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemnos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemnos (la pagina existís pas)">Lemnos</a> per una segonda flòta. <br /> <b>1025</b> : per de rasons desconegudas — benlèu de rivalitats comercialas liadas a la politica d'expansion dei Chola vèrs leis estrechs d'Asia dau Sud-Èst — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srivijaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srivijaya (la pagina existís pas)">Srivijaya</a> foguèt atacada e pilhada per una importanta flòta chola dirigida per lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajendra_Choladeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajendra Choladeva (la pagina existís pas)">Rajendra Choladeva</a>. Après aquela desfacha, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srivijaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srivijaya (la pagina existís pas)">Srivijaya</a> comencèt son declin, perdiguèt sa posicion dominanta en <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> e i laissèt lo poder a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jambi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jambi (la pagina existís pas)">Jambi</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1079" class="mw-redirect" title="1079">1079</a>). <br /> <b>1027</b> : expedicion dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Cnut_lo_Grand" title="Cnut lo Grand">Cnut lo Grand</a> còntra <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">Escòcia</a>. Au contrari dei sobeirans de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wessex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wessex (la pagina existís pas)">Wessex</a> qu'avián obtengut la reconeissença de son primat dins l'illa, i obtenguèt solament una promessa de <a href="/wiki/Patz" title="Patz">patz</a> e d'amistat, çò qu'indica una reduccion de l'influéncia anglesa dins la region. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Occit%C3%A0nia_-_Division_territ%C3%B2riala_v%C3%A8rs_1030.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Occit%C3%A0nia_-_Division_territ%C3%B2riala_v%C3%A8rs_1030.png/220px-Occit%C3%A0nia_-_Division_territ%C3%B2riala_v%C3%A8rs_1030.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Occit%C3%A0nia_-_Division_territ%C3%B2riala_v%C3%A8rs_1030.png/330px-Occit%C3%A0nia_-_Division_territ%C3%B2riala_v%C3%A8rs_1030.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Occit%C3%A0nia_-_Division_territ%C3%B2riala_v%C3%A8rs_1030.png/440px-Occit%C3%A0nia_-_Division_territ%C3%B2riala_v%C3%A8rs_1030.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>Division territòriala d'<a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">Occitània</a> vèrs 1030.</figcaption></figure> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1028</b> : en fàcia de la multiplicacion dei cas d'<a href="/wiki/Eretgia" title="Eretgia">eresia</a> dualista — benlèu de precursors dau <a href="/wiki/Catarisme" title="Catarisme">catarisme</a> — dins sei fèus, lo duc d'Aquitània <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_V_de_Peitieus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilhèm V de Peitieus (la pagina existís pas)">Guilhèm V</a> reüniguèt un concili per estudiar lei mejans permetent de luchar còntra lo desvolopament d'aqueleis eresias<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1028-1029</b> : nominacion d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_bin_Ahmad_Jarjarai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali bin Ahmad Jarjarai (la pagina existís pas)">Ali bin Ahmad Jarjarai</a> coma <a href="/wiki/Visir" title="Visir">visir</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>. Favorizèt la restauracion de l'economia egipciana afeblida per lei trèbols entraïnats per la mòrt dau califa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a> en <a href="/wiki/1021" class="mw-redirect" title="1021">1021</a>. Un an pus pus tard, capitèt de reprimir totei lei revòutas en <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>. <br /> <b>v. 1030</b> : vèrs aqueu periòde<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, lo califa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_az-Zahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali az-Zahir (la pagina existís pas)">Ali az-Zahir</a> autorizèt l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a> d'organizar la restauracion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A8isa_dau_Sant_Sepulcre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glèisa dau Sant Sepulcre (la pagina existís pas)">Glèisa dau Sant Sepulcre</a> destrucha en <a href="/wiki/1009" class="mw-redirect" title="1009">1009</a> a l'iniciativa de son paire. L'objectiu èra de melhorar sei relacions ambé lei populacions crestianas dau Califat. <br /> <b>1030</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Stiklarstadir" title="Batalha de Stiklarstadir">batalha de Stiklarstadir</a> que s'acabèt amb la desfacha e la mòrt dau rèi norvegian crestian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olaf_II_de_Norv%C3%A8gia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olaf II de Norvègia (la pagina existís pas)">Olaf II</a>. Foguèt batut per una coalicion dei territòris autonòms dau nòrd pagan sostenguts per lei <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danés</a>. Aquò empediguèt tornarmai l'unificacion dau país. <br /> <b>1031</b> : data tradicionalament retenguda per la fragmentacion definitiva dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_de_C%C3%B2rdoa" title="Califat de Còrdoa">Califat de Còrdoa</a>. Foguèt remplaçat per un ensemble de principats. <br /> <b>1031-1034</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, mòrt dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Robèrt II de França">Robèrt II</a> que foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/wiki/Enric_I_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Enric I de França">Enric I<sup>èr</sup></a>. Pasmens, aquela succession entraïnèt una guèrra civila entre lo rèi novèu e lei partisans de son fraire cadet. Lo conflicte s'acabèt per una victòria d'<a href="/wiki/Enric_I_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Enric I de França">Enric I<sup>èr</sup></a> gràcias a l'ajuda dau duc de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norm%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normàndia (la pagina existís pas)">Normàndia</a>. <br /> <b>1032</b> : maugrat d'atacas organizadas per leis emirs <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimidas</a> locaus, de grops de <a href="/wiki/Druzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Druzes">Druzes</a> capitèron de s'installar lòng dau litorau <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">sirian</a>. Aquò marquèt lo començament de la formacion dau poblament fòrça complèx dau <a href="/wiki/Liban" title="Liban">Liban</a> modèrne. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Territ%C3%B2ris_de_Cnut_lo_Grand.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Territ%C3%B2ris_de_Cnut_lo_Grand.png/220px-Territ%C3%B2ris_de_Cnut_lo_Grand.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Territ%C3%B2ris_de_Cnut_lo_Grand.png/330px-Territ%C3%B2ris_de_Cnut_lo_Grand.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Territ%C3%B2ris_de_Cnut_lo_Grand.png/440px-Territ%C3%B2ris_de_Cnut_lo_Grand.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Territòris de <a href="/wiki/Cnut_lo_Grand" title="Cnut lo Grand">Cnut lo Grand</a> (<a href="/wiki/1016" class="mw-redirect" title="1016">1016</a>-<a href="/wiki/1035" class="mw-redirect" title="1035">1035</a>) a sa mòrt.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1035</b> : mòrt dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Cnut_lo_Grand" title="Cnut lo Grand">Cnut lo Grand</a>. Son domeni foguèt partejat entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cnut_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cnut III (la pagina existís pas)">Cnut III</a> que venguèt rèi de <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_I%C3%A8r_de_Norv%C3%A8gia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnus Ièr de Norvègia (la pagina existís pas)">Magnus I<sup>èr</sup></a> que venguèt rèi de <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_I%C3%A8r_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Ièr d'Anglatèrra (la pagina existís pas)">Harold I<sup>èr</sup></a> que venguèt rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>. <br /> <b>1035</b> : mòrt dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanche_III_Garc%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanche III Garcés (la pagina existís pas)">Sanche III Garcés</a>. Sei domenis foguèron partejats entre sei fius entraïnant la fondacion de plusors reiaumes dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a> coma <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_d%27Aragon" title="Reiaume d'Aragon">Aragon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Castelha" title="Reiaume de Castelha">Castelha</a>. De conflictes opausèron tanben lei maucontents. <br /> <b>1036</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, mòrt dau califa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_az-Zahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali az-Zahir (la pagina existís pas)">Ali az-Zahir</a> que foguèt tuat per una epidemia de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8sta" title="Pèsta">pèsta</a>. Aquò afebliguèt grèvament lo califa car son eiretier èra un enfant de 7 ans. La cort dau Califat venguèt ansin lo teatre de combats entre diferentei faccions per s'assegurar dau contraròtle de la <a href="/wiki/Reg%C3%A9ncia" title="Regéncia">regéncia</a>. <br /> <b>1036</b> : importanta victòria de la <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' de Kiev">Rus' de Kiev</a>, menada per lo grand prince <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaroslav_lo_Savi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iaroslav lo Savi (la pagina existís pas)">Iaroslav lo Savi</a>, còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a>. <br /> <b>1038-1040</b> : revirada d'una expedicion <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantina</a> de reconquista de <a href="/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>. Pasmens, afebliguèt fòrça lei senhors <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> locaus que foguèron unicament sauvats per lei divisions intèrnas dau camp grèc (complòt còntra lo cap de l'expedicion). <br /> <b>1038</b> : mòrt dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Est%C3%A8ve_I%C3%A8r_d%27Ongria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estève Ièr d'Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Estève d'Ongria</a> que foguèt remplaçat per son nebòt venecian <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8ire_I%C3%A8r_d%27Ongria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pèire Ièr d'Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Pèire d'Ongria</a>. <br /> <b>1039</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, grèva guèrra entre lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_I_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Enric I de França">Enric I<sup>èr</sup></a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Audo%C3%AFn_II_de_Bles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audoïn II de Bles (la pagina existís pas)">Audoïn II de Bles</a>. Lei tropas dau rèi capitèron de conquistar <a href="/wiki/Torena_(par%C3%A7an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Torena (parçan)">Torena</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sens" class="mw-disambig" title="Sens">Sens</a>. <br /> <b>1040</b> : annada probabla de la fondacion dau movement deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> per lo <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologian</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme">conservador</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Yasin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Yasin (la pagina existís pas)">Abdallah ibn Yasin</a>. Indignat per l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> superficiau dei tribüs berbèras de certaneis oasís de <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a>, son objectiu èra de restaurar la puretat de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>. Obtenguèt un succès important e sei fòrças venguèron rapidament un actor militar important de <a href="/wiki/Magr%C3%A8b" title="Magrèb">Magrèb</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1053" class="mw-redirect" title="1053">1053</a>). <br /> <b>1042</b> : importanta famina dins la màger part dau reiaume de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. <br /> <b>1050-1058</b> : important periòde de prosperitat en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> durant lo periòde dau visir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_Hasan_bin_Abdur_Rehman_Yazuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad Hasan bin Abdur Rehman Yazuri (la pagina existís pas)">Abu Muhammad Hasan bin Abdur Rehman Yazuri</a>. <br /> <b>1053-1055</b> : guèrra entre lo rèi de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e lo duc de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norm%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normàndia (la pagina existís pas)">Normàndia</a>. S'acabèt per un succès normand que permetèt au Ducat de venir <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independent</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1058" class="mw-redirect" title="1058">1058</a>). <br /> <b>1053-1056</b> : començament dei conquistas militaras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravidas</a> amb la presa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sijilmasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sijilmasa (la pagina existís pas)">Sijilmasa</a> e d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Audaghost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audaghost (la pagina existís pas)">Audaghost</a>. Vilas marchandas importantas dei regions occidentalas de <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, assegurèron la prosperitat dau movement. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png/220px-Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png/330px-Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png/440px-Rus%27_de_Kiev_-_Peri%C3%B2de_1054-1132.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Extension de la <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' de Kiev">Rus' de Kiev</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/1054" class="mw-redirect" title="1054">1054</a>-<a href="/wiki/1132" class="mw-redirect" title="1132">1132</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1054</b> : <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> dau grand prince <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaroslav_lo_Savi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iaroslav lo Savi (la pagina existís pas)">Iaroslav lo Savi</a>. Aquò marca lo començament dau declin de la <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' de Kiev">Rus' de Kiev</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Seldjokidas_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Seldjokidas_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/220px-Seldjokidas_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Seldjokidas_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/330px-Seldjokidas_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Seldjokidas_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/440px-Seldjokidas_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Extension dei territòris ocupats per lei Seldjokidas.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1055</b> : presa de <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Turcs Seldjokids</a>. Aquò marquèt la fin de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirat_Buyide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirat Buyide (la pagina existís pas)">Emirat Buyide</a> e lo començament d'un periòde de dominacion dei Seldjokids en <a href="/wiki/Orient_Mejan" title="Orient Mejan">Orient Mejan</a>. <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Occitania_(with_star).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Occitania_%28with_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> <b>1056</b> : somission dei senhors de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2s" title="Fòs">Fòs</a> au còmte de Provença. Dins la region de <a href="/wiki/Tolosa" title="Tolosa">Tolosa</a>, reünion novèla d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concili (la pagina existís pas)">concili</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> dau Comtat per estudiar lei mejans de lucha còntra una eresia dualista locala. <br /> <b>1057</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">Escòcia</a>, restabliment de l'unitat dau reiaume amb la fin de la guèrra civila entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macbeth_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macbeth d'Escòcia (la pagina existís pas)">Macbeth</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm III d'Escòcia (la pagina existís pas)">Malcolm III</a>. <br /> <b>1057-1059</b> : començament de la conquista de <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. De combats fòrça violents li permetèron d'ocupar lo sud mai lo cap dau movement, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Yasin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Yasin (la pagina existís pas)">Abdallah ibn Yasin</a> foguèt tuat durant una campanha còntra lei regions centralas e septentrionalas. Foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_Umar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr ibn Umar (la pagina existís pas)">Abu Bakr ibn Umar</a>. <br /> <b>1058-1059</b> : represa de la guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norm%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normàndia (la pagina existís pas)">Normàndia</a>. Tornarmai batut, lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enric_I%C3%A8r_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enric Ièr de França (la pagina existís pas)">Enric I<sup>èr</sup></a> deguèt tornar acceptar lei clausas de <a href="/wiki/1055" class="mw-redirect" title="1055">1055</a>. <br /> <b>1062</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a>, fondacion dau camp militar de <a href="/wiki/Marraqu%C3%A8sh" title="Marraquèsh">Marraquèsh</a> per l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravide</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_Umar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr ibn Umar (la pagina existís pas)">Abu Bakr ibn Umar</a>. <br /> <b>1062-1067</b> : dins lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>, guèrra civila entre lei soudats negres e lei <a href="/wiki/Mercenari" title="Mercenari">mercenaris</a> turcs. Lo poder sostenguèt lei Turcs mai lei rebèls capitèron de resistir dins lo sud egipcian durant 5 ans. Divèrsei tribüs de bedoins aprofichèron lo caos per pilhar la region (→ <a href="/wiki/1067" class="mw-redirect" title="1067">1067</a>). <br /> <b>1063</b> : mòrt dau sultan <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">seldjokid</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toghril_Beg_Ier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toghril Beg Ier (la pagina existís pas)">Toghril Beg I<sup>èr</sup></a> que foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Illas_Britanicas_-_Conquista_normanda_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Illas_Britanicas_-_Conquista_normanda_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra.png/220px-Illas_Britanicas_-_Conquista_normanda_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Illas_Britanicas_-_Conquista_normanda_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra.png/330px-Illas_Britanicas_-_Conquista_normanda_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Illas_Britanicas_-_Conquista_normanda_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra.png/440px-Illas_Britanicas_-_Conquista_normanda_d%27Anglat%C3%A8rra.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Esquèma de la conquista normanda d'Anglatèrra.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1066</b> : guèrra de succession en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>. S'acabèt amb la victòria dau duc de Normàndia <a href="/wiki/Guilh%C3%A8m_lo_Conquistaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilhèm lo Conquistaire">Guilhèm lo Conquistaire</a> sus las tropas anglosaxonas d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Godwinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Godwinson (la pagina existís pas)">Harold Godwinson</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_d%27Hastings" title="Batalha d'Hastings">batalha d'Hastings</a>. Lo duc venguèt ansin rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>. <br /> <b>1067</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, après sa victòria còntra lei soudats negres, lei <a href="/wiki/Mercenari" title="Mercenari">mercenaris</a> turcs dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>, menats per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_ad-Dawla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir ad-Dawla (la pagina existís pas)">Nasir ad-Dawla</a>, eliminèron la garda personala dau califa e prenguèron dirèctament lo poder. Lo califa foguèt gardat unicament coma simbòl (→ <a href="/wiki/1074" class="mw-redirect" title="1074">1074</a>). <br /> <b>1070</b> : transformacion de <a href="/wiki/Marraqu%C3%A8sh" title="Marraquèsh">Marraquèsh</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a>. Venguèt la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> e participèt a l'institucionalizacion dau movement que comencèt de se transformar en estat. En parallèl, la presa de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8s" title="Fès">Fès</a> marquèt una victòria importanta dins la conquista de <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a>. <br /> <b>1071</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> Orientala, <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Manzikert" class="mw-redirect" title="Batalha de Manzikert">batalha de Manzikert</a> entre lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Turcs Seldjokids</a>. Lo sultan <a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a> capitèt de capturar l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_IV_Diog%C3%A8n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman IV Diogèn (la pagina existís pas)">Roman IV Diogèn</a> entraïnant una guèrra civila generalizada dins l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a>. Cercant de tropas novèlas, lei pretendents au tròne demandèron l'ajuda de <a href="/wiki/Mercenari" title="Mercenari">mercenaris</a> turcs qu'aprofichèron lei combats per s'installar en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> Centrala (→ <a href="/wiki/1077" class="mw-redirect" title="1077">1077</a>). <br /> <b>1072</b> : après divèrseis incursions <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">escocesas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>, lei tropas de <a href="/wiki/Guilh%C3%A8m_lo_Conquistaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilhèm lo Conquistaire">Guilhèm lo Conquistaire</a> ataquèron lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Tay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firth of Tay (la pagina existís pas)">Firth of Tay</a>. Lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm III d'Escòcia (la pagina existís pas)">Malcolm III</a> foguèt obligat de reconóisser la senhoriá dau rèi normand. <br /> <b>1074</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, assassinat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_ad-Dawla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir ad-Dawla (la pagina existís pas)">Nasir ad-Dawla</a>. Lo poder passèt au visir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badr_al-Jamali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badr al-Jamali (la pagina existís pas)">Badr al-Jamali</a> que demorèt lo cap vertadier dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a> durant 20 ans. Capitèt de restaurar l'òrdre dins lo país e de tornar desvolopar lei vilas. <br /> <b>1074</b> : annexion de <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Seldjokids</a>. <br /> <b>1074</b> : annexion d'<a href="/wiki/Amians" title="Amians">Amians</a> per lo rèi de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. <br /> <b>1076</b> : campanha militara deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> dins la vau de <a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8r_(fluvi)" title="Nigèr (fluvi)">Nigèr</a>. Son resultat es descongut mai foguèt probablament a l'origina de l'introduccion de l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> dins la region. <br /> <b>1076-1077</b> : guèrra novèla entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norm%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normàndia (la pagina existís pas)">Normàndia</a>. Permetèt de ben definir lo limit entre lei dos domenis. <br /> <b>1078</b> : conquista de <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Seldjokids</a>. Illustra lo declin militar fatimida. <br /> <b>1079-1080</b> : conquista dau <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrt</a> de <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0nger" title="Tànger">Tànger</a> e de la vila de <a href="/wiki/Tlemcen" title="Tlemcen">Tlemcen</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. <br /> <b>1085</b> : après 11 ans de sètge, presa de <a href="/wiki/Toledo" title="Toledo">Toledo</a> per lei fòrças dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfons_VI_de_Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfons VI de Leon (la pagina existís pas)">Alfons VI de Leon</a>. I transferiguèt sa <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1086" class="mw-redirect" title="1086">1086</a>). <br /> <b>1086</b> : inquiets en fàcia de l'avançada dei <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>, lei senhors d'<a href="/wiki/Al_Andal%C3%BAs" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Andalús">Al Andalús</a> demandèron l'ajuda deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. Destruguèron una importanta fòrça de chivaliers a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Sagrajas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Sagrajas (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Sagrajas</a> e establiguèron son autoritat sus la mitat <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1090" class="mw-redirect" title="1090">1090</a>). <br /> <b>1087</b> : mòrt dau cap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_Umar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr ibn Umar (la pagina existís pas)">Abu Bakr ibn Umar</a> durant una campanha en <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>. Aquò permetèt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> d'establir son primat sus l'ensemble dau movement. <br /> <b>1090</b> : victòria <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravida</a> novèla còntra lei reiaumes crestians iberics a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27Alado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d'Alado (la pagina existís pas)">batalha d'Alado</a>. Après aqueu succès, l'emir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> comencèt la conquista dei principats <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> locaus per lei tornar organizar e melhorar sa defensa. Impausèt durament lei crestians mai laissèt de drechs importants ai <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">judieus</a>. <br /> <b>1092</b> : mòrt dau sultan <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">seldjokid</a> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Chah_Ier" title="Malik Chah Ier">Malik Chah I<sup>èr</sup></a> que foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Ier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud Ier (la pagina existís pas)">Mahmud I<sup>èr</sup></a>. <br /> <b>1092-1093</b> : guèrra novèla entre <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> e <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">Escòcia</a>. Entraïnèt la mòrt dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm III d'Escòcia (la pagina existís pas)">Malcolm III</a> e son remplaçament per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_III_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald III d'Escòcia (la pagina existís pas)">Donald III</a>. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizarisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizarisme (la pagina existís pas)">Nizarisme</a>.</div> <p><b>1094</b> : mòrt dau <a href="/wiki/Visir" title="Visir">visir</a> <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badr_al-Jamali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badr al-Jamali (la pagina existís pas)">Badr al-Jamali</a> qu'èra lo cap vertadier dau Califat. Foguèt remplaçat per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Afdal_Shahanshah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Afdal Shahanshah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Afdal Shahanshah</a>. Dins aquò, aquela succession mau contentèt lei partisans d'una restauracion de l'autoritat califala. Gropats a l'entorn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizar_ben_al-Mustansir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizar ben al-Mustansir (la pagina existís pas)">Nizar ben al-Mustansir</a>, fiu dau califa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mustansir_Billah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mustansir Billah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Mustansir Billah</a>, assaièron sensa succès de reversar lo visir. Gardèron pasmens de posicions en <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> e i fondèron lo movement <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizarisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizarisme (la pagina existís pas)">nizarita</a>, çò qu'afebliguèt la preséncia fatimida dins aquelei regions. <br /> <b>1095</b> : viatge dau <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban II (la pagina existís pas)">Urban II</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> per predicar l'organizacion d'una expedicion armada destinada a reconquistar lei Luòcs Sants dau <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> ocupats per lei <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1096" class="mw-redirect" title="1096">1096</a>). <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:1099_Siege_of_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/1099_Siege_of_Jerusalem.jpg/220px-1099_Siege_of_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/1099_Siege_of_Jerusalem.jpg/330px-1099_Siege_of_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/1099_Siege_of_Jerusalem.jpg/440px-1099_Siege_of_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Representacion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8tge_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m_(1099)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sètge de Jerusalèm (1099) (la pagina existís pas)">sètge de Jerusalèm</a> (sègle XIII).</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Premiera_Crosada" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Crosada">Premiera Crosada</a>.</div> <p><b>1096-1099</b> : après l'apèu dau papa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban II (la pagina existís pas)">Urban II</a>, organizacion de la <a href="/wiki/Premiera_Crosada" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Crosada">Premiera Crosada</a> que reüniguèt plusors senhors importants d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> Occidentala (<a href="/wiki/Ramon_IV_de_Tolosa" title="Ramon IV de Tolosa">Ramon IV de Tolosa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob%C3%A8rt_Courteheuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robèrt Courteheuse (la pagina existís pas)">Robèrt Courteheuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godofred_de_Bouillon" title="Godofred de Bouillon">Godofred de Bouillon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boemond_de_Tarent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boemond de Tarent (la pagina existís pas)">Boemond de Tarent</a>...). Après 3 ans de combats en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> capitèron d'aprofichar la division dei princes <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> locaus per prendre <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm">Jerusalèm</a> e fondar un ensemble d'estats dins la region. Sostenent inicialament l'operacion, l'emperaire <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_I%C3%A8r_Comn%C3%A8n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Ièr Comnèn (la pagina existís pas)">Alexis I<sup>èr</sup> Comnèn</a> capitèt de tornar conquistar divèrsei territòris en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. <br /> <b>1097</b> : dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Consuegra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Consuegra (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Consuegra</a> entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a> e reiaumes crestians. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin (la pagina existís pas)">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> foguèt tornarmai venceire mai poguèt pas esplechar sa victòria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:AHMosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AHMosque.jpg/220px-AHMosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/AHMosque.jpg/330px-AHMosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/AHMosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosqueta_Al-Hakim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosqueta Al-Hakim (la pagina existís pas)">Mosqueta Al-Hakim</a> en <a href="/wiki/2014" class="mw-redirect" title="2014">2014</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1013</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, acabament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosqueta_Al-Hakim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosqueta Al-Hakim (la pagina existís pas)">Mosqueta Al-Hakim</a> que fa partida dei mosquetas pus importantas dau mond <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulman</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG/220px-Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG/330px-Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG/440px-Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag%C3%B2da_de_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagòda de Fèrre (la pagina existís pas)">Pagòda de Fèrre</a> en <a href="/wiki/2008" class="mw-redirect" title="2008">2008</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1049</b> : acabament de la construccion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag%C3%B2da_de_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagòda de Fèrre (la pagina existís pas)">Pagòda de Fèrre</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaifeng (la pagina existís pas)">Kaifeng</a>. Totjorn intacta au començament dau sègle XXI maugrat 38 <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rratrem" title="Tèrratrem">tèrratrems</a> e 6 vengudas deis aigas, es considerada coma una òbra majora de l'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura">arquitectura</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song">periòde Song</a>. <br /> <b>1086</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, restauracion dau <a href="/wiki/Mosqueta_de_l%27imam_Ali" title="Mosqueta de l'imam Ali">santuari de l'imam Ali</a> qu'èra estat destruch per un <a href="/wiki/Incendi" title="Incendi">incendi</a>. Iniciat per lei <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Seldjokids</a>, aqueu trabalh marquèt la segonda etapa de la construccion dau monument. <br /> <b>1098</b> : acabament de la glèisa romanica <a href="/wiki/Sant_Andrieu_de_Crac%C3%B2via" title="Sant Andrieu de Cracòvia">Sant Andrieu</a> de <a href="/wiki/Crac%C3%B2via" title="Cracòvia">Cracòvia</a>. Foguèt l'unica glèisa de la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> que subrevisquèt au pilhatge mongòl de <a href="/wiki/1241" class="mw-redirect" title="1241">1241</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"><span id="Sci.C3.A9ncias_e_tecnicas"></span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Sciéncias e tecnicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sciéncias e tecnicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>v. 1000</b> : documents mostrant un usatge frequent de la <a href="/wiki/Variolizacion" title="Variolizacion">variolizacion</a> en Asia Orientala, premiera tecnica d'immunizacion coneguda còntra una <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a>. Èra basada sus l'innoculacion volontària de la <a href="/wiki/Vari%C3%B2la" class="mw-redirect" title="Variòla">variòla</a> a un individú per l'immunizar. Perilhosa, aquela tecnica foguèt utilizada sus la planeta fins ai trabalhs de Jansen sus la vaccinacion en <a href="/wiki/1796" class="mw-redirect" title="1796">1796</a>. <br /> <b>1005</b> : fondacion de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostau_dau_Saber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostau dau Saber (la pagina existís pas)">Ostau dau Saber</a> a l'iniciativa dau califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a>. L'ensemble assostava una <a href="/wiki/Bibliot%C3%A8ca" title="Bibliotèca">bibliotèca</a> publica fòrça importanta e d'ensenhaments regardant lei <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">sciéncias</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astron%C3%B2mia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronòmia (la pagina existís pas)">astronòmia</a> per exemple), la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Avicenna_canon_1597.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Avicenna_canon_1597.jpg/220px-Avicenna_canon_1597.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Avicenna_canon_1597.jpg/330px-Avicenna_canon_1597.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Avicenna_canon_1597.jpg/440px-Avicenna_canon_1597.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'una edicion de <a href="/wiki/1597" class="mw-redirect" title="1597">1597</a> de l'òbra d'<a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1005</b> : publicacion dau <i>Kitab Al Qanûn fi Al-Tibb</i> (« Lo Libre de la Lèi regardant la medecina » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>). Òbra majora dau sabent persan <a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a>, èra una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enciclopedia (la pagina existís pas)">enciclopedia</a> escricha en <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a> que gropava la màger part dei coneissenças medicalas dau periòde au sen de cinc libres regardant l'<a href="/wiki/Anatomia" title="Anatomia">anatomia</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Medicament" title="Medicament">medicament</a> simples, lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patologia (la pagina existís pas)">patologias</a>, lei fèbres, la <a href="/wiki/Cirurgia" title="Cirurgia">cirurgia</a>, lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poison (la pagina existís pas)">poisons</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmacop%C3%A8a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmacopèa (la pagina existís pas)">farmacopèa</a>. Aguèt una gròssa influéncia sus tota la medecina <a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">medievala</a>. <br /> <b>1006</b> : explosion de la <a href="/wiki/Supernova" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova">supernova</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1006 (la pagina existís pas)">SN 1006</a> que foguèt probablament la pus lusenta de l'Istòria umana. Lo fenomèn foguèt descrich per plusors astronòms en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Orient_Mejan" title="Orient Mejan">Orient Mejan</a>. D'Amerindians marquèron tanben aquela observacion sus una estela. Sa <a href="/wiki/Magnitud_aparenta" title="Magnitud aparenta">magnitud aparenta</a> agantèt benlèu -9, çò que permetèt a la <a href="/wiki/Supernova" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova">supernova</a> de far ombra ais objèctes sus <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra">Tèrra</a>. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a>.</div> <p><b>v. 1020</b> : data probabla de la publicacion dau <i><a href="/wiki/Lo_Canon_de_la_Medecina" title="Lo Canon de la Medecina">Canon de la Medecina</a></i> d'<a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a>. Sintèsi <a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia" title="Enciclopèdia">enciclopedica</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">medecina</a> <a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">medievala</a>, venguèt la referéncia de l'ensenhament medicau fins au sègle XVII<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a>.</div> <p><b>1021</b> : publicacion dau <i>Kitab al-Manazir</i> (« <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractat_d%27Optica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractat d'Optica (la pagina existís pas)">Tractat d'Optica</a> » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>) per lo sabent arabopersan <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a>. Escrich entre <a href="/wiki/1015" class="mw-redirect" title="1015">1015</a> e 1021, aqueu tractat èra devesit entre sèt libres regardant la <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> (subretot l'<a href="/wiki/Optica" title="Optica">optica</a>), lei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">medecina</a>. Permetèt de donar una definicion melhora de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambra_negra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambra negra (la pagina existís pas)">chambra negra</a> e de desvolopar lo <a href="/wiki/Met%C3%B2de_scientific" title="Metòde scientific">metòde scientific</a> modèrne. Aquela òbra aguèt una influéncia gròssa sus lo desvolopament dei sciéncias dins lo corrent dei sègles seguents. <br /> <b>1037</b> : mòrt dau sabent arabe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Tahir_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi (la pagina existís pas)">Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi</a>, autor de l'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Takmila_fi-l-Hisab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Takmila fi-l-Hisab (la pagina existís pas)">al-Takmila fi-l-Hisab</a></i>, qu'es a l'origina de progrès importants dins lo domeni de la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_dels_nombres" title="Teoria dels nombres">teoria dei nombres</a>. <br /> <b>1044</b> : publicacion dau libre <i><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></i> (<i>Principis generaus dau classic de la guèrra</i> en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>) que donèt lei premierei recèptas conegudas de la <a href="/wiki/Polvera" title="Polvera">polvera</a>, probablament inventada dins lo corrent dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VII" title="Sègle VII">sègle VII</a>. L'obratge depintèt tanben lo principi de foncionament de la <a href="/wiki/Boss%C3%B2la" title="Bossòla">bossòla</a>. <br /> <b>1046</b> : illustrant la perseguida de la diffusion dau <a href="/wiki/Papi%C3%A8r" title="Papièr">papier</a> en direccion d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>, divèrsei testimònis atestan l'existéncia de papetariás en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Andal%C3%BAs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Andalús (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Andalús</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1085" class="mw-redirect" title="1085">1085</a>). <br /> <b>1054</b> : observacion de la <a href="/wiki/Supernova" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernova">supernova</a> a l'origina de la <a href="/wiki/Messier_1" title="Messier 1">Nebulosa dau Cranc</a> per d'astronòms chinés, arabes e europèus. Foguèt pron lusenta per demorar visible de jorn. <br /> <b>1068</b> : publicacion a <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2rdoa" title="Còrdoa">Còrdoa</a> dau <i>Kitāb al-Masālik wa-al-Mamālik</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libre_dei_Rotas_e_dei_Reiaumes_(al-Bakri)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libre dei Rotas e dei Reiaumes (al-Bakri) (la pagina existís pas)">Libre dei Rotas e dei Reiaumes</a></i>) òbra principala de l'istorian e geograf <a href="/wiki/Al-Bakri" title="Al-Bakri">Al-Bakri</a> (<a href="/wiki/1014" class="mw-redirect" title="1014">1014</a>-<a href="/wiki/1094" class="mw-redirect" title="1094">1094</a>). Depintava lei regions dau nòrd e dau centre d'<a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. <br /> <b>1070</b> : publicacion dei <i>Demonstracions de problemas d'algèbra</i> dau matematician persan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omar_Khayyam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omar Khayyam (la pagina existís pas)">Omar Khayyam</a> (<a href="/wiki/1048" class="mw-redirect" title="1048">1048</a>-<a href="/wiki/1131" class="mw-redirect" title="1131">1131</a>). I demostrèt l'existéncia d'equacions ambé doas solucions e menèt lo premier estudi sistematic deis equacions cubicas gràcias ai conicas per determinar lo nombre de racinas realas e leis avalorar d'un biais aproximatiu. <br /> <b>1078</b> : illustracion dei progrès tecnics complits en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> durant lei sègles IX, X e XI, la produccion d'<a href="/wiki/Aci%C3%A8r" title="Acièr">acier</a> foguèt estimada a 127 000 tonas. <br /> <b>1085</b> : difusion dau mestritge de la fabricacion de papier dins l'espaci <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestian</a> amb l'existéncia de papetariás dins la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> de <a href="/wiki/Toledo" title="Toledo">Toledo</a>. <br /> <b>1088</b> : publicacion de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meng_xi_bi_tan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meng xi bi tan (la pagina existís pas)">Meng xi bi tan</a></i> (« Discussions de pincèu dempuei un raiòu de pantais » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>), òbra majora dau generau, foncionari e sabent <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">chinés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Kuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Kuo (la pagina existís pas)">Shen Kuo</a> (<a href="/wiki/1031" class="mw-redirect" title="1031">1031</a>-<a href="/wiki/1095" class="mw-redirect" title="1095">1095</a>). Aqueu libre tracta d'un nombre important de domenis regardant lei <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">sciéncias</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica">botanica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoologia" title="Zoologia">zoologia</a>, estudi de fenomèns naturaus...), la <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologia</a> (estampariá de caractèrs mobils<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Espasa" title="Espasa">espasas</a>...), la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">musica</a> ò lei crèires. Per exemple, dona la descripcion d'una <a href="/wiki/Boss%C3%B2la" title="Bossòla">bossòla</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisme (la pagina existís pas)">magnetica</a> e depinta la descubèrta de <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> dins la ròca d'un bauç. <br /> <b>1092</b> : publicacion d'una carta dei <a href="/wiki/Constellacion" title="Constellacion">constellacions</a> per l'astronòm chinés <a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a>. En fòra de sa precision avançada, l'aspècte pus important d'aqueu trabalh foguèt l'utilizacion d'una projeccion fòrça similara a la <a href="/wiki/Projeccion_de_Mercator" title="Projeccion de Mercator">projeccion de Mercator</a>. <br /> <b>1097</b> : invencion probabla (au mens en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>) dau <a href="/wiki/Trabuc" title="Trabuc">trabuc</a> de <a href="/wiki/Contrap%C3%A9s" title="Contrapés">contrapés</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Bizantins</a>. Pus eficaç que lo trabuc de traccion qu'existiá dempuei l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a>, se difusèt rapidament en <a href="/wiki/Mediterran%C3%A8a" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranèa">Mediterranèa</a> tant dins leis armadas <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestianas</a> que <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmanas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decès"><span id="Dec.C3.A8s"></span>Decès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Decès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Decès"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Yasin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Yasin (la pagina existís pas)">Abdallah ibn Yasin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologian</a> fondator dau movement <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_Umar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Bakr ibn Umar (la pagina existís pas)">Abu Bakr ibn Umar</a>, emir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_Hasan_bin_Abdur_Rehman_Yazuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad Hasan bin Abdur Rehman Yazuri (la pagina existís pas)">Abu Muhammad Hasan bin Abdur Rehman Yazuri</a>, visir <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bakri" title="Al-Bakri">Al-Bakri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorian</a> e <a href="/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia">geograf</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">arabe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a>, califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a>, sabent arabopersan.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_az-Zahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali az-Zahir (la pagina existís pas)">Ali az-Zahir</a>, califa <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_bin_Ahmad_Jarjarai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali bin Ahmad Jarjarai (la pagina existís pas)">Ali bin Ahmad Jarjarai</a>, visir <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ma%27arri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ma'arri (la pagina existís pas)">Al-Ma'arri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">arabi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a>, sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turcs_Seldjokid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turcs Seldjokid (la pagina existís pas)">seldjikid</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anandapala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anandapala (la pagina existís pas)">Anandapala</a>, raja de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahore (la pagina existís pas)">Lahore</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Kabol" title="Kabol">Kabol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> e <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">mètge</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">arabe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badr_al-Jamali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badr al-Jamali (la pagina existís pas)">Badr al-Jamali</a>, visir <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basili_II_lo_Bulgaroct%C3%B2n" title="Basili II lo Bulgaroctòn">Basili II lo Bulgaroctòn</a>, emperaire <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">bizantin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleslau_I%C3%A8r_de_Polonha" title="Boleslau Ièr de Polonha">Boleslau I<sup>èr</sup> de Polonha</a>, duc de <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnut_lo_Grand" title="Cnut lo Grand">Cnut lo Grand</a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enric_I%C3%A8r_de_Borgonha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enric Ièr de Borgonha (la pagina existís pas)">Enric I<sup>èr</sup> de Borgonha</a>, duc de <a href="/wiki/Borgonha" title="Borgonha">Borgonha</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enric_III_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enric III (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Enric III</a>, emperaire <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">germanic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godofred_de_Bouillon" title="Godofred de Bouillon">Godofred de Bouillon</a>, cap militar <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_II_de_Proven%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilhèm II de Provença (la pagina existís pas)">Guilhèm II de Provença</a>, còmte de <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_V_de_Peitieus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilhèm V de Peitieus (la pagina existís pas)">Guilhèm V de Peitieus</a>, duc d'<a href="/wiki/Ducat_d%27Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Ducat d'Aquitània">Aquitània</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaroslav_lo_Savi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iaroslav lo Savi (la pagina existís pas)">Iaroslav lo Savi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' de Kiev">grand prince de Kiev</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Tahir_al-Baghdadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi (la pagina existís pas)">Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi</a>, sabent <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">arabe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaipal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaipal (la pagina existís pas)">Jaipal</a>, raja de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahore (la pagina existís pas)">Lahore</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Kabol" title="Kabol">Kabol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macbeth_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macbeth d'Escòcia (la pagina existís pas)">Macbeth</a>, rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">Escòcia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud de Ghazni (la pagina existís pas)">Mahmud de Ghazni</a>, sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emp%C3%A8ri_Gaznevida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empèri Gaznevida (la pagina existís pas)">gaznevida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_III_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm III d'Escòcia (la pagina existís pas)">Malcolm III</a>, rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">Escòcia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Chah_Ier" title="Malik Chah Ier">Malik Chah I<sup>èr</sup></a>, sultan <a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">seldjokid</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_ad-Dawla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir ad-Dawla (la pagina existís pas)">Nasir ad-Dawla</a>, generau <a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oton_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oton III (la pagina existís pas)">Oton III</a>, emperaire <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">germanic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_II_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Robèrt II de França">Robèrt II</a>, rèi dei <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Kuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Kuo (la pagina existís pas)">Shen Kuo</a>, sabent <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">chinés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronòm</a> <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">chinés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toghril_Beg_Ier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toghril Beg Ier (la pagina existís pas)">Toghril Beg I<sup>èr</sup></a>, sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turcs_Seldjokid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turcs Seldjokid (la pagina existís pas)">seldjikid</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_lo_Grand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir lo Grand (la pagina existís pas)">Vladimir lo Grand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus' de Kiev">grand prince de Kiev</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahya_ibn_Umar_al-Lamtuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni (la pagina existís pas)">Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni</a>, generau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">almoravide</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Califat_Fatimida" title="Califat Fatimida">Califat Fatimida</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Crosada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Bizantin" title="Empèri Bizantin">Empèri Bizantin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republica_de_Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Republica de Venècia">Republica de Venècia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turcs_Seldjokids" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcs Seldjokids">Turcs Seldjokids</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Roquebert" title="Michel Roquebert">Michel Roquebert</a>, <i>L'épopée cathare - I. L'Invasion 1198-1212</i>, Editions Perrin (2006), p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Roquebert" title="Michel Roquebert">Michel Roquebert</a>, <i>L'épopée cathare - I. L'Invasion 1198-1212</i>, Editions Perrin (2006), p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La data vertadiera es estimada entre <a href="/wiki/1030" class="mw-redirect" title="1030">1030</a> e <a href="/wiki/1048" class="mw-redirect" title="1048">1048</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En despiech de son apelacion, es una <a href="/wiki/Pag%C3%B2da" title="Pagòda">pagòda</a> de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ira" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèira">pèira</a>. Son nom vèn de sa <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">color</a> sorna.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Paul Mazliak, Avicenne et Averroès. Médecine et Biologie dans la civilisation de l'Islam, Vuibert/Adapt, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Joseph Needham, <i>Science and Civilization in China. Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7 : Military Technology; The Gunpowder Epic</i>, vol. V, Taipei, Caves Books, 1986, pp. 201-203.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sègle_XI&oldid=2434131">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sègle_XI&oldid=2434131</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:S%C3%A8gle" title="Categoria:Sègle">Sègle</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 10 abril de 2024 a 01.11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. Vejatz las <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condicions d’utilizacion</a> per mai de detalhs, e mai los credits grafics.<br /> Wikipedia® es una marca depausada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organizacion de benfasença regida pel paragraf 501(c)(3) del còde fiscal dels Estats Units.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politica de confidencialitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Avertiments_generals">Avertiments</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Còdi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desvolopaires</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/oc.wikipedia.org">Estatisticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaracion suls cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gle_XI&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Afichatge mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4fsrh","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.161","walltime":"0.200","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1085,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1859,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":269,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2529,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 58.355 1 -total"," 46.97% 27.411 6 Modèl:Veire"," 34.44% 20.096 6 Modèl:Multiparamètres-Ligam"," 20.55% 11.990 1 Modèl:Dialècte_Provençau"," 15.77% 9.200 1 Modèl:Icòna_de_títol"," 8.40% 4.902 17 Modèl:Èr"," 5.53% 3.226 1 Modèl:Millenni_I"," 3.89% 2.270 1 Modèl:Exp"," 3.88% 2.266 1 Modèl:Millenni_II"," 3.87% 2.259 1 Modèl:Millenni_III"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.005","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":718709,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-64696795d6-lf84f","timestamp":"20241121000333","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"S\u00e8gle XI","url":"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A8gle_XI","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7063","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7063","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-04-26T18:57:12Z","dateModified":"2024-04-10T01:11:29Z","headline":"s\u00e8gle"}</script> </body> </html>