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Cape Byron Light - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Site_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Site_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Site operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Site_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Condition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Condition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modifications_and_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modifications_and_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modifications and dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modifications_and_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visiting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visiting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Visiting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visiting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage_listing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_listing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Heritage listing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_listing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Attribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape Byron Light</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cape_Byron_Light&params=28_38_19_S_153_38_11_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°38′19″S</span> <span class="longitude">153°38′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.63861°S 153.63639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-28.63861; 153.63639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lighthouse in New South Wales, Australia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lighthouse</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Cape Byron Light<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span class="qs" style="display: none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="link=https://quickstatements.toolforge.org/#/v1=Q1034294%7CP31%7CQ39715%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP625%7C@-28.63861%2F153.63639%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP571%7C%2B1901-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP2048%7C23U11573%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP2923%7C<divU11573%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP3041%7C2,200,000 candelaU83216%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP2929%7C<divU93318%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP18%7C%22Phare%20de%20Cap%20Byron.jpg%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7CP2096%7Cen%3A%22Cape%20Byron%20Light%20in%202006%22"><img alt="link=https://quickstatements.toolforge.org/#/v1=Q1034294%7CP31%7CQ39715%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP625%7C@-28.63861%2F153.63639%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP571%7C%2B1901-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP2048%7C23U11573%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP2923%7C<divU11573%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP3041%7C2,200,000 candelaU83216%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP2929%7C<divU93318%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ1034294%7CP18%7C%22Phare%20de%20Cap%20Byron.jpg%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7CP2096%7Cen%3A%22Cape%20Byron%20Light%20in%202006%22" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/20px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/30px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/40px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg/220px-Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg/330px-Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg/440px-Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cape Byron Light in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="5" data-lat="-28.638611111111" data-lon="153.63638888889" data-overlays="["_b73768d1af056c7fbbc5b0decd374148b04e0b74"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/-28.638611111111/153.63638888889/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,-28.638611111111,153.63638888889,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cape_Byron_Light&revid=1246844865&groups=_b73768d1af056c7fbbc5b0decd374148b04e0b74" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,-28.638611111111,153.63638888889,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cape_Byron_Light&revid=1246844865&groups=_b73768d1af056c7fbbc5b0decd374148b04e0b74 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Lighthouse Road, <a href="/wiki/Byron_Bay,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Byron Bay, New South Wales">Byron Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Byron" title="Cape Byron">Cape Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byron_Shire" title="Byron Shire">Byron Shire</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cape_Byron_Light&params=28_38_19_S_153_38_11_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°38′19″S</span> <span class="longitude">153°38′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.63861°S 153.63639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-28.63861; 153.63639</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="background:#b9deed;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tower</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constructed</th><td class="infobox-data">1901</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Cecil West Darley <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034294?uselang=en#P287" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction</th><td class="infobox-data">Concrete blocks</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">23 metres (74 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shape</th><td class="infobox-data">Cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Markings</th><td class="infobox-data note">White tower and lantern</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Maritime_Safety_Authority" title="Australian Maritime Safety Authority">Australian Maritime Safety Authority</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heritage</th><td class="infobox-data">Heritage Act — State Heritage Register <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034294?uselang=en#P1435" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="background:#FAF884;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Light</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focal height</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>White: 118 metres (387 ft)</li><li>Red: 111 metres (364 ft)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lens</th><td class="infobox-data">1st order Henry-LePaute <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Light source</th><td class="infobox-data">Mains power</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Intensity</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200,000 candela</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>White: 27 nautical miles (50 km; 31 mi)</li><li>Red: 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9 mi)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Light_characteristic" title="Light characteristic">Characteristic</a></th><td class="infobox-data note"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="white light flashing once every 15 seconds; fixed red light">Fl W 15s, F R <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034294?uselang=en#P1030" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1899–1901</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Charles Harding</li><li>Cecil W. Darley</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Parks_and_Wildlife_Service_(New_South_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parks and Wildlife Service (New South Wales)">NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FFE978; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heritage_List" title="Commonwealth Heritage List">Commonwealth Heritage List</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Cape Byron Lighthouse, Lighthouse Rd, Byron Bay, NSW, Australia</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Listed place</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">22 June 2004</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">105599</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #BBB2FF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_State_Heritage_Register" title="New South Wales State Heritage Register">New South Wales Heritage Register</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items); Byron Bay Lighthouse; Cape Byron Headland; Cape Byron Headland Reserve</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">State heritage (complex / group)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">22 February 2019</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">2023</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Lighthouse Tower</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data">Transport - Water</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Builders</th><td class="infobox-data">Messrs Mitchell & King</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cape Byron Light</b>, also called <b>Cape Byron Lightstation</b>, is an active heritage-listed <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> and now <a href="/wiki/Interpretative_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretative centre">interpretative centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpretative_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretative centre">interpretative space</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maritime_museum" title="Maritime museum">maritime museum</a>, administration office, retail building, accommodation, tourist attraction and visitor attraction located at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Byron" title="Cape Byron">Cape Byron</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rivers" title="Northern Rivers">Far North Coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia. It was designed by Charles Harding and Cecil W. Darley and built from 1899 to 1901 by Messrs Mitchell & King. It is also known as <b>Cape Byron Lightstation</b> (including moveable items), <b>Byron Bay Lighthouse</b>, <b>Cape Byron Headland</b> and <b>Cape Byron Headland Reserve</b>. The property is owned by <a href="/wiki/National_Parks_and_Wildlife_Service_(New_South_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parks and Wildlife Service (New South Wales)">NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service</a>. </p><p>The lighthouse was added to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heritage_List" title="Commonwealth Heritage List">Commonwealth Heritage List</a> on 22 June 2004;<sup id="cite_ref-CHL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was added to the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_State_Heritage_Register" title="New South Wales State Heritage Register">New South Wales State Heritage Register</a> on 22 February 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lighthouse and surrounding buildings were added to the (now defunct) <a href="/wiki/Register_of_the_National_Estate" title="Register of the National Estate">Register of the National Estate</a> on 21 October 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE103599_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RNE210_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cape Byron Light is Australia's most powerful lighthouse, with a light intensity of 2,200,000 candelas.<sup id="cite_ref-loa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cape Byron, the easternmost point of the mainland of Australia, is approximately three kilometres (2 mi) northeast of the town of Byron Bay. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For thousands of years, the Cape Byron headland has been a significant place for the <a href="/wiki/Bundjalung_people" title="Bundjalung people">Bundjalung people</a> of Byron Bay. Traditionally known as Cavanba, the cape and its environment provided the local Aboriginal people with physical and spiritual resources which sustained both life and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bundjalung people occupied an expansive territory, stretching along the coastline, up the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_River" title="Richmond River">Richmond River</a> and inland. The coastal environment, the hinterland and the rainforest landscapes were rich in resources and sustained a large population within comparatively small tribal boundaries. The environment provided an abundance of marine life, plants and wildlife as food and a diversity of flora and fauna material which could be used for making tools and implements, such as shields, spears, boomerangs, containers and canoes.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as physical sustenance, the cape also provided sites for spiritual and cultural practice for the Bundjalung people. For Aboriginal communities, cultural practice maintains an important link between people, their country and the Dreamtime stories and ancestral spirits. These spiritual practices are maintained through rituals, dance, song and painting and are intrinsic to the health, wellbeing and continuation of the people and their traditional culture.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crest of the Cape Byron headland provided the Bundjalung people with an elevated lookout point for economic, social and religious purposes. There are reports that the Cape Byron headland was traditionally used as an important men's site for ceremony, initiation and lore-making.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_history">Colonial history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the most easterly point of mainland Australia, Cape Byron was first observed by <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Captain James Cook</a> on 15 May 1770, who subsequently named the headland after his fellow navigator Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/John_Byron" title="John Byron">John Byron</a>, who had been the Commander of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dolphin" title="HMS Dolphin">HMS <i>Dolphin</i></a> on its worldwide voyage of exploration of 1764-66. European exploration of northern NSW did not occur, however, until 1826 when Captain <a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Rous" title="Henry John Rous">Henry John Rous</a>, commander of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Rainbow" title="HMS Rainbow">HMS <i>Rainbow</i></a>, explored the region seeking navigable rivers and safe anchorage. It was during this period that the first face-to-face contact between the <a href="/wiki/Bundjalung_people" title="Bundjalung people">Bundjalung people</a> and the European settlers would have occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European settlement of the Byron Bay region commenced in the 1840s with the arrival of cedar cutters. Attracted by the rich hinterland forest and its proximity to the shipping trade, the Europeans initially maintained a peaceful relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_owners" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional owners">traditional owners</a> but conflict soon arose when pastoralists entered the region, bringing land clearing and stock running with them. As the natural resources had been traditionally and harmoniously used by the Bundjalung people, the incursions into tribal territory by European settlers interrupted a delicate balance in the environment and forcibly pushed Aboriginal people from their tribal lands. With a loss of land, resources and sacred sites, coupled with disruption of the tribal organization of the Bundjalung people and an increasing reliance on European supplies, conflict ensued and the Aboriginal community was decimated by massacres and introduced diseases. As the population plummeted, the Bundjalung people could not withstand the European invasion and, by the settlement of Byron Bay in 1881, many of the surviving Aboriginal people became poorly paid workers for the European settlers as labourers, shepherds, horse breakers, guides, bullock drivers or as domestic help.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1883, Byron Bay was becoming a focal point for settlers and was considered the chief cedar trading centre in NSW. After the town was surveyed in 1884, land allotments became available and settlement began in earnest which further contributed to the dislocation of the Bundjalung people from their country. The permanent presence of European people on tribal land was solidified by the official renaming of Cavanba to Byron Bay and the gazettal of the township in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lighthouse_history">Lighthouse history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lighthouse history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Byron_Lighthouse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cape_Byron_Lighthouse.png/220px-Cape_Byron_Lighthouse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cape_Byron_Lighthouse.png/330px-Cape_Byron_Lighthouse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cape_Byron_Lighthouse.png/440px-Cape_Byron_Lighthouse.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>Cape Byron Lighthouse Lookout View</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ByronBayLightHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ByronBayLightHouse.jpg/170px-ByronBayLightHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ByronBayLightHouse.jpg/255px-ByronBayLightHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ByronBayLightHouse.jpg/340px-ByronBayLightHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The road leading to Cape Byron Lighthouse</figcaption></figure> <p>Across the globe, lighthouses have been constructed to safeguard shipping traffic, and the life and property they carry, from the dangers of the sea. Used as navigational aids, lighthouses serve to protect and guide mariners safely along treacherous coastlines and through harbor and river entrances. Although the colony's first lighthouse, the Macquarie Light at <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Heads" title="Sydney Heads">Sydney's South Head</a>, was constructed in 1818, it was not until the mid 19th century that a considered uniform approach to lighthouse design was implemented across NSW.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As settlements were expanding and trade and coastal activity booming, the protection of life and property during its passage along the coast was becoming a critical issue for the colony. To address this, a powerful professional relationship was formed between Francis Hixson, Superintendent of Pilots, Lighthouses and Harbours and President of Marine Board of NSW (1863-1900), and <a href="/wiki/James_Barnet" title="James Barnet">James Barnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Government_Architect" title="New South Wales Government Architect">Colonial Architect</a> (1865–90), which shaped a cohesive "highway of lights" along the NSW coastline that demonstrated both architectural and functional consistency.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Responsible for the placement of navigational aids, Hixson was reported to have advocated for an ambitious system that would illuminate the coastline "like a street with lamps".<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023-2023-1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-2023-1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision to proceed with building the light was made at the end of the 1890s, and the site was levelled in October 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE103599_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The design and construction of these lighthouses and stations, however, fell to the Colonial Architect's Office. Borrowing architectural themes established by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Greenway" title="Francis Greenway">Francis Greenway</a> in his design of the Macquarie Light, Barnet designed a series of lightstations that provided architectural consistency while responding to the complexities and often physical isolation of each site. Made up of a central lighthouse tower flanked by Head Keepers Quarters and Assistant Keepers Quarters, each lightstation precinct also incorporated buildings and facilities for the operation and maintenance of the light as well as the permanent accommodation of the lightkeepers and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, after the earlier completion of Hixson and Barnet's plan, Joshua Ramsbotham, then the Director of The Commonwealth Lighthouse Service, was said to have stated "the work done in NSW would compare favourably with anywhere in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023-2023-2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-2023-2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Cape Byron was a significant headland with deep water at its base, it was considered to be easily visible to passing mariners and a lighthouse was not initially considered necessary. However, by the 1890s, as Cape Byron was the most northern location for a lighthouse in NSW, a station was promoted as being one of the last major structures to complete Hixson and Barnet's string of coastal navigation lights along the NSW coastline. Although Barnet had retired in 1890 and the Marine Board of NSW had been disbanded, the design of the Cape Byron Lighthouse would be the first of Barnet's successor Charles Assinder Harding, who also designed <a href="/wiki/Norah_Head_Light" title="Norah Head Light">Norah Head Light</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Perpendicular_Light" title="Point Perpendicular Light">Point Perpendicular Light</a>, in a style similar to Barnet's.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harding was a specialist lighthouse architect for the Harbour and River Navigation Branch of the <a href="/wiki/NSW_Public_Works" title="NSW Public Works">Public Works Department</a> and would bear some of the hallmarks of Barnett's earlier designs. </p><p>Under the direction of Cecil W. Darley, Engineer-in-Chief, and continuing the strong architectural styling of the existing Barnet lightstations, Harding designed a tower and precinct for the Cape Byron headland that was consistent with Hixson and Barnet's vision but distinctive and contemporary in its use of developing technology and construction techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taking advantage of the picturesque location and the prominence of the existing headland rising 100 metres (330 ft) above the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>, Harding designed a relatively short circular tower (13.5 m to the base of the lantern) at the northern end of the precinct with entrance pavilion, workroom and kerosene store located symmetrically at its base. Following the traditional hierarchy of lightstations, the tower had a commanding view across the precinct which consisted of a Headkeeper's and Assistant Keeper's Quarters' of the Victorian Georgian style, as well as a signal station, store buildings and flagstaff.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his design of the Cape Byron Lightstation, Harding employed a contemporary construction technique of using precast concrete blocks which he had trialed during the construction of the Point Perpendicular Light in 1898. Considered the prototype for NSW (although the first example was built at Point Hicks in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> in 1888), the use of the emerging concrete block technology at Point Perpendicular demonstrated a number of benefits for lighthouse construction as it eliminated previous dependencies on scaffolding, on-site quarrying or the need to transport quality stone and skilled tradesmen to the site. Concrete was a cheaper alternative as the blocks could be cast on-site and applied in a circular form with relative ease. With inherent strength and an aesthetic appearance, Harding considered the use of precast concrete blocks to be so successful that the design of the Cape Byron Lightstation is almost an identical copy of that constructed at Point Perpendicular.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction of the site began in July 1900 by contractors Mitchell and King. The total cost was <a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">A£</a>10,042 pounds to the contractors, A£8,000 for the apparatus and lantern house, and A£2,600 for the road from Byron Bay township.<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREF_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction ended in 1901 and was to be celebrated on 30 November 1901 in a great banquet, with special trains carrying visitors from <a href="/wiki/Lismore,_New_South_Wales" title="Lismore, New South Wales">Lismore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murwillumbah" title="Murwillumbah">Murwillumbah</a>, at the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Premiers_of_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiers of New South Wales">Premier</a> of the day, the Hon. <a href="/wiki/John_See" title="John See">John See</a>, who was to arrive from Sydney in the government steamer 'Victoria'. However, bad weather delayed the ship till the following day and the banquet was held without him. The opening by the Premier took place a day later.<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREF_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loa_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a budget of A£18,000 allocated for the project in 1897, the narrow ridge of Cape Byron was cleared and levelled for the construction of the lighthouse, keepers cottages and associated structures in October 1899. Having cleared an access road to the site, a 40-strong workforce completed the lightstation precinct for its formal opening by the NSW Premier, John See on 1 December 1901. Having been fitted with a Henry-Lepaute feu eclair lightning flasher lens system on a mercury float mechanism with the light visible for 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi), it was reported in newspapers of the time that there was not a finer station, nor one more picturesquely sited in NSW than the Cape Byron Lightstation.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation was initially manned by a Head Keeper and two Assistant Keepers, who lived on the lightstation with their respective families, but after control of lighthouses in NSW was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a> in 1915, lightstations were gradually but progressively automated and demanned. Cape Byron Lightstation was converted from vaporised kerosene to electricity in 1959 but, as a human presence was considered beneficial at the site, coupled with the proximity of the station to the Byron Bay township, light keepers continued to operate the station until 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Cape Byron Lightstation continues to operate as a navigational aid, care and management of the site, its cultural heritage and its landscape was transferred to the Cape Byron Trust in 1989 and the site is carefully managed by a joint agreement between the Cape Byron Headland Reserve Trust, the National Parks & Wildlife Service, and the local <a href="/wiki/Arakwal_people" title="Arakwal people">Arakwal people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation is the most well known and highly visited lightstation in Australia. Standing on the most eastern point of Australia, the sweep of the light is clearly visible from the Byron Bay township which serves to reinforce its presence in the environment and evokes a sense of identity and "ownership" by the local community. The headland is also a significant tourist attraction in Australia due to the unique interaction of the natural and cultural factors and the evocative image of the tower standing against a dramatic coastal environment. The architectural intactness of the buildings in its spectacularly picturesque setting serves as a potent symbol of human activity in an often wild and treacherous environment.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as a historic value, the Cape Byron headland has a thriving future and contemporary significance. Developed in conjunction with the tourist appeal of the site, various educational initiatives are run to raise public awareness and appreciation for the Aboriginal culture of the cape. Named Walgun by the local Arakwal people (meaning The Shoulder), these initiatives aim to explore the traditional ownership of the headland by the Bundjalung people and how the Aboriginal cultural heritage values of the site are not confined to the past but are flourishing due to the joint care, control and custodianship of the reserve by the Arakwal people.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spread across a long, narrow ridgeline on the most eastern point of Australia, the historic Cape Byron Lightstation precinct consists of a lighthouse tower with entry hall and flag store; Head Keeper's Quarters and Assistant Keeper's Quarters with storerooms, privies and rear yards; and a workshop/paint/store building. A contemporary cafe building and toilet structure has been constructed off the rear wall of the Head Keeper's Quarters storeroom.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The precinct is generally bound by a timber post and rail fence which closely follows the original fence alignment. Timber picket fences enclose the buildings and yards of the Head Keeper's Quarters and Assistant Keeper's Quarters. The site is generally lawned with hard paved areas for car parking and pedestrian pathways.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lighthouse is a circular tower, approximately 22m in height to the top of the lantern. Built of precast concrete blocks on a mass concrete <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">foundation</a>, the tower includes a concrete circular staircase with metal <a href="/wiki/Balustrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Balustrade">balustrade</a> to its upper chambers and second floor. A metal staircase continues to the lantern room. The lighthouse includes a 13 inch Chance Bros & Co lantern on a Henry-Lepaute mercury float <a href="/wiki/Pedestal" title="Pedestal">pedestal</a>. The lighthouse has a concrete <a href="/wiki/Balcony" title="Balcony">balcony</a> with a trachyte balustrade.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lighthouse contains a museum and the significant moveable heritage items including the 38-centimetre (15 in) Chance Bros & Co red sector light (1889) on a cast iron pedestal; the original curved timber desk (1899-1901) and the clockwork lantern winch (1901).<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A flag store building adjoins the lighthouse tower with its timber pigeonholes intact.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Head Keeper's Quarters, to the south of the lighthouse tower and orientated to the east, is a stand-alone single storey building constructed of rendered precast concrete blocks with a red tile roof in the Victorian Georgian style. The quarters contains five main rooms off a central hallway as well as a kitchen, laundry and bathroom, and a detached store and privy. A <a href="/wiki/Veranda" title="Veranda">verandah</a>, with infilled corners, extends around all sides of the dwelling.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dwelling retains much of its original <a href="/wiki/Architraves" class="mw-redirect" title="Architraves">architraves</a> and detailing (including rendered wall finishes, <a href="/wiki/Picture_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture rail">picture rails</a> and doors). The original timber floors remain throughout the dwelling and the telephone (connecting the lighthouse and the dwelling) remains intact in the hallway. Although the original fireplace and <a href="/wiki/Chimneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimneys">chimneys</a> remain, the tiling and hearth have been replaced. The kitchen, laundry and bathroom have been remodelled.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the south of the Head Keeper's Quarters, and also orientated to the east, the two Assistant Keeper's Quarters include two separate but mirror-image dwellings under the one roof. Continuing the architectural style of the precinct, the Assistant Keeper's Quarters is a single storey Victorian Georgian building constructed of rendered precast concrete blocks with a red tile roof. Each dwelling contains four main rooms off a hallway as well as a kitchen, laundry and bathroom, and a detached store and privy. A verandah, with infilled corners, extends around all sides of the dwelling.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dwellings retain much of the original architraves and detailing (including rendered wall finishes, picture rails and doors). The original timber floors remain, the corrugated ceiling remains in the main bedroom of one dwelling and the telephone (connecting the lighthouse and the dwelling) remains intact in both hallways. Although the original fireplace and chimneys remain, the tiling and hearth have been replaced. The kitchen, laundry and bathroom have been remodelled.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A stand-alone workshop/paint/store building is located between the lighthouse tower and the Head Keeper's Quarters. This is a single-room structure, constructed of precast concrete blocks with a red tile roof.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lens,_light_source_and_power"><span id="Lens.2C_light_source_and_power"></span>Lens, light source and power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lens, light source and power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lens_at_Cape_Byron_Light.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lens_at_Cape_Byron_Light.jpg/220px-Lens_at_Cape_Byron_Light.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lens_at_Cape_Byron_Light.jpg/330px-Lens_at_Cape_Byron_Light.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lens_at_Cape_Byron_Light.jpg/440px-Lens_at_Cape_Byron_Light.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>The lens at Cape Byron Light</figcaption></figure> <p>The lens now in use is the original 1st-order bivalve Henry-LePaute <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a>. The 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) diameter lens,<sup id="cite_ref-CBHR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBHR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weighing 8 tonnes (7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons), contains 760 pieces of highly polished prismatic glass,<sup id="cite_ref-loa_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> floating in a 7 <a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">long hundredweight</a> (356 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a>; 784 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">lb</a>) float bath of mercury.<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREF_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first lighthouse in Australia with a mercury float mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE103599_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mechanism is rotating also during the day to reduce the risk of fire from the sun's rays.<sup id="cite_ref-CBHR_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBHR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only Henry-LePaute apparatus in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE210_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original light source was a concentric six wick <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a> burner with an intensity of 145,000 <a href="/wiki/Candella" class="mw-redirect" title="Candella">cd</a>. This was replaced in 1922 by a vapourised kerosene mantle burner with an intensity of 500,000 cd.<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREF_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loa_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1922 an improved apparatus was installed, doubling the power to 1,000,000 cd.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE210_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1956 the light was electrified, the clock mechanism was replaced by an electric motor, and the light source was replaced with a 1000-<a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> 120-<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> <a href="/wiki/Tungsten-halogen_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten-halogen lamp">tungsten-halogen lamp</a> with an intensity of 2,200,000 cd, fed from the <a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">Mains electricity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREF_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loa_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a 2.5 <a href="/wiki/Kilovolt-ampere" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilovolt-ampere">KVA</a> backup diesel <a href="/wiki/Alternator" title="Alternator">alternator</a>. At that time, the <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_keeper" title="Lighthouse keeper">keeper</a> staff was reduced from three to two.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE210_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The station was fully automated in 1989, and the last lighthouse keeper departed.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE103599_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Light_characteristic" title="Light characteristic">light characteristic</a> shown is a white flash every 15 seconds (Fl.W. 15s).<sup id="cite_ref-LoL_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tower also displays a red, short ranged, continuous light (F.R.) to the northeast, covering <a href="/wiki/Julian_Rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Rocks">Julian Rocks</a> and the nearby reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREF_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-loa_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red light is emitted at a lower focal plain.<sup id="cite_ref-LoL_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structures">Structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Byron_Light_-_tower_with_annexe_elevation_and_details,_1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cape_Byron_Light_-_tower_with_annexe_elevation_and_details%2C_1899.jpg/220px-Cape_Byron_Light_-_tower_with_annexe_elevation_and_details%2C_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cape_Byron_Light_-_tower_with_annexe_elevation_and_details%2C_1899.jpg/330px-Cape_Byron_Light_-_tower_with_annexe_elevation_and_details%2C_1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Cape_Byron_Light_-_tower_with_annexe_elevation_and_details%2C_1899.jpg/440px-Cape_Byron_Light_-_tower_with_annexe_elevation_and_details%2C_1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2089" /></a><figcaption>Detailed plans for the tower and annexe, 1899</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Byron_Light_-_keeper%27s_quarters_plans,_1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cape_Byron_Light_-_keeper%27s_quarters_plans%2C_1899.jpg/220px-Cape_Byron_Light_-_keeper%27s_quarters_plans%2C_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cape_Byron_Light_-_keeper%27s_quarters_plans%2C_1899.jpg/330px-Cape_Byron_Light_-_keeper%27s_quarters_plans%2C_1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cape_Byron_Light_-_keeper%27s_quarters_plans%2C_1899.jpg/440px-Cape_Byron_Light_-_keeper%27s_quarters_plans%2C_1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1778" /></a><figcaption>Plans for the keeper's quarters, 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>The lighthouse is built out of precast concrete blocks and painted white. The concrete blocks were made on the ground, lifted and cemented into position and finally cement rendered inside and out.<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREF_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique saved the need for on-site quarrying. It was only the second lighthouse to be constructed in this method, the first being <a href="/wiki/Point_Perpendicular_Light" title="Point Perpendicular Light">Point Perpendicular Light</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE103599_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tower is tapered, standing 74 feet (23 m) high, including the lantern.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ascending is done via an internal spiral concrete staircase with <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slate</a> treads. It is topped by the iron floored lantern room. The lantern room has iron <a href="/wiki/Dado_(architecture)" title="Dado (architecture)">dado</a> walls and the roof is domed, covered in sheet metal, and surmounted by a <a href="/wiki/Wind_vane" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind vane">wind vane</a> and a ventilator.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE103599_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the base of the tower, there is an entrance porch, lobby and two service rooms, all having crenellated parapet walls, painted white with blue trim on the bottom from the outside. The porch has a <a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">trachyte</a> floor and steps, a cedar entrance door and etched glass panels and sidelights. The lobby has a tiled floor and trachyte steps, and the other rooms have asphalted floors and cedar windows.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE103599_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Housing at the site includes the head <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_keeper" title="Lighthouse keeper">lighthouse keeper</a>'s residence, and two assistant keeper's cottages (a <a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">duplex</a>), which are available for overnight rental.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowlett_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowlett-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both structures were erected from precast concrete blocks in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE210_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another distinctive structure is a small Flag Room, also constructed of precast concrete blocks. Also present are two garages, a workshop and public toilets. Some of the original fending is also extant.<sup id="cite_ref-RNE210_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNE210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Site_operation">Site operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Site operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The light is operated by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Maritime_Safety_Authority" title="Australian Maritime Safety Authority">Australian Maritime Safety Authority</a>, while the site is managed by <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment,_Climate_Change_and_Water_(New_South_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (New South Wales)">Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water</a> as part of the Cape Byron State Conservation Area, and by the Byron Bay Headland Reserve Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowlett_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowlett-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Condition">Condition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Condition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As at 15 June 2018, the Cape Byron Lightstation is in good condition due to regular maintenance undertaken by the joint managing bodies of the Cape Byron Headland Reserve in line with the adopted Conservation Management Plan and Plan of Management.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The integrity of the built structures of the Cape Byron Lightstation is high due to the intactness and authenticity of the fabric. Although some modifications were made to the Head Keeper's and Assistant Keeper's Quarters in the 1950s and 1960s, much of the original fabric has been reconstructed or reinstated where possible since management of the site was transferred to the Cape Byron Trust in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The integrity of the site is good, although modifications have occurred to the ancillary structures and broader landscape on the site to accommodate visitors and new site uses in more recent times. However, under the joint management of the site, any contemporary modifications are undertaken with a thorough understanding of the holistic cultural heritage significance of the Cape Byron Lightstation, the headland and the broader Cape Byron Headland Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modifications_and_dates">Modifications and dates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modifications and dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the clearing of vegetation and Aboriginal cultural sites from the Cape Byron headland in 1899 for the construction of the lightstation, the site has undergone little modification other than operational upgrades, building maintenance and provision of visitor facilities to the site.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modifications were undertaken at various times which served to modernise or enhance the operation and/or character of the light. The original mechanical occulting equipment was removed in July 1905 resulting in a change to the original characteristic of the light with one more favoured by mariners. The original six wick burner was replaced with a vaporised kerosene mantle in March 1914. The vaporised kerosene mantle was upgraded to a triple 55-millimetre (2 in) burner in 1922. The light was converted from kerosene to electricity in August 1959 and the keepers living on-site reduced to two. Changes were also made to living facilities (particularly kitchens, bathrooms and laundries). Although some of these changes cannot be rectified or recovered, much of the original fabric has been reconstructed or reinstated where possible since management of the site was transferred to the Cape Byron Trust in 1989 and the keepers removed.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the joint management of the site, any contemporary modifications are undertaken with a thorough understanding of the holistic cultural heritage significance of the Cape Byron Lightstation, the headland and the broader Cape Byron Headland Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visiting">Visiting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Visiting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lighthouse is very well known, attracting more than 500,000 visitors per year. It is also a popular site for <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">whale watching</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_University" title="Southern Cross University">Southern Cross University</a>'s Whale Research Centre located at the lighthouse.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowlett_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowlett-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lighthouse is located at the end of Lighthouse Road, east of Byron Bay. The site is open from sunrise to sunset, and paid parking is available at the site, and the tower is open to guided tours every day except Christmas Day, reservations are not required.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowlett_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowlett-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lighthouse can also be visited on foot from Byron Bay township via the Cape Byron Walking Track.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage_listing">Heritage listing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Heritage listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As at 23 August 2018, the Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance as one of the last major lightstations that completed the "highway of lights" that has illuminated the NSW coastline since the 19th century. Among the final components of the string of lights that provided protection, navigational guidance and safe passage to the important colonial shipping industry, the Cape Byron Lightstation is a representative example of the system of lightstations that collectively reflect the logistical management and technical evolution of coastal infrastructure in NSW.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The design and layout of the Cape Byron Lightstation is architecturally consistent with the earlier stations but implemented technical advancements, such as precast concrete block construction and the Henry-Lepaute feu eclair lens system on a rotating mercury float mechanism, which were available at the turn of the 20th century. Today, these aspects of the Cape Byron Lightstation are considered to be rare in NSW.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation includes three original moveable items which contribute to the significance of the site, including the 15 inch Chance Bros & Co red sector light (1889) on a cast iron pedestal; original curved timber desk (1899-1901); and clockwork winch used to drive the lens carriage (1901).<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spectacular scenery and beauty of the Cape Byron Lightstation, its siting on the most eastern point of the Australian mainland and the convergence of the natural and cultural environment on the headland is of great aesthetic significance. The evocative image of the tower standing against the expanse of the Pacific Ocean resonates with the NSW community, making the lightstation an important landmark and tourist destination in the state. What is now a recognisable and well known image both locally and internationally, the Cape Byron Lightstation is the most highly visited lightstation in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron headland is also of great traditional and contemporary significance to the Arakwal people. As custodians of their country, the Arakwal people hold an important and active role in the joint care and management of the reserve (which incorporates the lightstation) and undertake educational initiatives at the site to promote and raise awareness of the Aboriginal cultural heritage of the cape. Named Walgun (meaning 'The Shoulder'), today the Cape Byron headland is a place where both the traditional and contemporary cultural of the Arakwal people is practiced and celebrated.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cape Byron Lightstation was listed on the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_State_Heritage_Register" title="New South Wales State Heritage Register">New South Wales State Heritage Register</a> on 22 February 2019 having satisfied the following criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.</b> </p><p>The Cape Byron headland is of state heritage significance for its occupation by the Bundjalung people of the Byron Bay area for many thousands of years prior to European settlement. The cape and its environment provided the local Aboriginal people with physical and spiritual resources which sustained both life and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constructed and lit by 1901, the Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is also of state heritage significance as one of the last major lightstations to complete the "highway of lights" along the NSW coastline. Coastal transport of produce, goods and passengers was a booming industry and critical colonial service during the mid-to-late 19th century and installing a consistent and comprehensive network of lightstations to illuminate the coastline and provide navigational guidance to the growing maritime industry was a highly ambitious project. Ultimately successful and unique to NSW, this string of coastal lights operated throughout the 20th century and the Cape Byron Lightstation, amongst the suite of stations, continues to guide and provide safe passage to maritime industries and traffic along the NSW coastline today.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The retention, display and interpretation of the significant moveable items within the lighthouse, including the 15 inch Chance Bro & Co red sector light (1889) on a cast iron pedestal; original curved timber desk (1899-1901); and clockwork winch used to drive the lens carriage (1901), contribute to the historical significance of the Cape Byron Lightstation.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.</b> </p><p>The Cape Byron headland is of local heritage significance for its association with the Bundjalung people of Byron Bay. Traditionally known as Cavanba, the cape and its environment provided the local Aboriginal people with physical and spiritual resources which sustained both life and culture. Today, this association continues with the Arakwal people who have an important role in the joint management, care and control of the Cape Byron Headland Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation is also of local heritage significance for its association with Charles Assinder Harding, specialist lighthouse architect for the Harbour and River Navigation Branch of the Public Works Department, and Cecil W. Darley, Engineer-in-Chief of the Public Works Department. As Colonial Architect James Barnet had retired and the Marine Board of NSW had been disbanded, Harding and Darley were responsible for the design and construction of the last lightstations that would complete the "highway of lights".<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant, ambitious and ultimately successful project of Francis Hixson and Barnet in the mid-late 19th century, Harding designed the Cape Byron Lightstation with architectural styling that was consistent with Barnet's earlier stations but incorporating technological advancements of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the design and construction of the Cape Byron Lightstation, Harding and Darley made an important contribution to the completion of Hixson and Barnet's plan to illuminate the NSW coastline with lights and navigational aids.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.</b> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lighthouse (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance for its aesthetic and technical values.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located within the Cape Byron Headland Reserve and sited prominently on the most eastern point of the Australian mainland, the Cape Byron Lighthouse is a relatively small but well-proportioned tower that reflects the consistent architectural design of the stations making up the "highway of lights" along the NSW coastline. Retaining its unique French manufactured Henry-Lepaute first order lantern, bi-valve two panel lens and rotating mercury float mechanism, the Cape Byron Lighthouse is flanked by a compact group of simple Victorian Georgian buildings (including Head Keeper's and Assistant Keeper's Quarters) that are visually complementary in alignment, scale, proportion and material.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the spectacular scenery and beauty of its location, however, that gives the Cape Byron Lightstation its great aesthetic appeal. The convergence of the natural and cultural environment and the evocative image of the tower standing against the expanse of the Pacific Ocean resonates with the NSW community, making it a landmark in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Technically, the Cape Byron Lightstation is also of state heritage significance as it contains Australia's only Henry-Lepaute lantern and optic on a rotating mercury float mechanism. Considered leading optical technology at the turn of the 20th century, this optical system is still in operation as a navigational aid today and its retention is of great value to the significance of the Cape Byron Lightstation.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</b> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance for its social values.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as a historic social value to the Bundjalung people of Byron Bay, the Cape Byron headland has a thriving contemporary social significance for the Arakwal people. With a formal and active role in the joint care and management of the Cape Byron Headland Reserve (which incorporates the lightstation), the Arakwal people continue their custodianship of country and cultural practice on the site. Although the construction of the lightstation destroyed traditionally sacred and cultural sites, today's Arakwal community run educative initiatives at the headland which raise public awareness and appreciation for the Aboriginal cultural heritage of the cape. Named Walgun by the local Arakwal people (meaning The Shoulder), these initiatives aim to explore the traditional ownership of the headland by the Bundjalung people and how the Aboriginal cultural heritage values of the site are not confined to the past but are flourishing due to the joint care, control and custodianship of the reserve by the Arakwal people.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation is also of state heritage significance for the local, national and international visitors who value the site. Today, the Cape Byron Lightstation is the most well known and highly visited lightstation in Australia. The dramatic location and picturesque nature of the lightstation has made the site a tourist destination and the image of the tower standing against the dramatic coastal environment serves as a potent and resonating symbol of human activity in an often wild and treacherous environment.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.</b> </p><p>Within the Cape Byron Lightstation, there are opportunities to uncover further heritage values that may be of heritage significance.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cape Byron headland, more broadly, has the ability to demonstrate the occupation of the area by the Bundjalung people of Byron Bay prior to European occupation. There is recorded evidence in the area of middens, camp sites and artefact scatters, a bora ring and possible burial sites and there is further scope to elaborate on archaeological investigations of Aboriginal cultural heritage values to reveal new information on how the Bundjalung people interacted with the landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elements associated with the design, construction, early operation and occupation of the site as a lightstation may be of heritage significance. Areas of substantial historical use which have undergone little to no <a href="/wiki/Disturbance_(archaeology)" title="Disturbance (archaeology)">disturbance</a> (such as subfloor areas, privies and tips) may retain archaeological information.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation includes the only example of a Henry-Lepaute feu eclair (lightning flasher) lens system on a rotating mercury float mechanism in Australia. Representing the best optical technology at the turn of the 19th century, the apparatus has technical value and could contribute to an understanding of the operation of lighthouses of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.</b> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance for its rarity values as it was only the second lightstation in NSW to be built of precast concrete blocks rather than the traditional stone material. Due to the success of the prototype at Point Perpendicular Lightstation in 1899 (although the first example was built at Point Hicks in Victoria in 1888) and the benefits and cost savings it made to lighthouse construction, the design of the Cape Byron Lightstation is almost an identical copy of that constructed at Point Perpendicular.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is also of state heritage significance for the rarity of its optical system. Still in operation and use today, the Henry-Lepaute 2 sided (Bi-valve) lens system on a rotating mercury float mechanism was considered to be leading optical technology of the period and its retention is of great value to the significance of the Cape Byron Lightstation.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.</b> </p><p>The Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance as a representative station along NSW's "highway of lights", a system of navigational aids installed along the coastline in the mid-to-late 19th century. Important to the safe passage of shipping in NSW, the system of lightstations has a collective significance that reflects the logistical management for installing coastal infrastructure and the technical evolution of the stations.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also an architectural coherency between lightstations across NSW, particularly those designed by James Barnet as the Colonial Architect (1865-1890). Cape Byron Lightstation was designed by Barnet's successor, Charles Assinder Harding, who continued the strong architectural styling of Barnet while designing a tower and precinct for the Cape Byron headland that was distinctive and contemporary in its use of developing technology and construction techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a representative example, the design and compact nature of the building group at Cape Byron reflects the typical layout of regional lightstation complexes around Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_South_Wales" title="Portal:New South Wales">New South Wales portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Engineering portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Australia" title="List of lighthouses in Australia">List of lighthouses in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Australia#New_South_Wales" title="List of lighthouses in Australia">List of lighthouse in New South Wales</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <i>List of Lights</i>. <a href="#CITEREFRowlett">Rowlett</a>, <a href="#CITEREFCape_Byron_Headland_Reserve">Cape Byron Headland Reserve</a>, <a href="#CITEREFAHD103599">AHD103599</a> and <a href="#CITEREFAHD210">AHD210</a> say 22 metres (72 ft), while <a href="#CITEREFLighthouses_of_Australia_Inc">Lighthouses of Australia Inc</a> says 18 metres (59 ft).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CHL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CHL_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAHD105599" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105599">"Cape Byron Lighthouse, Lighthouse Rd, Byron Bay, NSW, Australia (Place ID 105599)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Heritage_Database" title="Australian Heritage Database">Australian Heritage Database</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a>. 22 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Heritage+Database&rft.atitle=Cape+Byron+Lighthouse%2C+Lighthouse+Rd%2C+Byron+Bay%2C+NSW%2C+Australia+%28Place+ID+105599%29&rft.date=2004-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fahdb%2Fsearch.pl%3Fmode%3Dplace_detail%3Bplace_id%3D105599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nswshr-2023-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023_3-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVHD5053293" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hms.heritage.nsw.gov.au/App/Item/ViewItem?itemId=5053293">"Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_State_Heritage_Register" title="New South Wales State Heritage Register">New South Wales State Heritage Register</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Planning_%26_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Planning & Environment">Department of Planning & Environment</a>. H02023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+South+Wales+State+Heritage+Register&rft.atitle=Cape+Byron+Lightstation+%28including+moveable+items%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hms.heritage.nsw.gov.au%2FApp%2FItem%2FViewItem%3FitemId%3D5053293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/75px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/100px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/help/copyright-disclaimer.htm">licence</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNE103599-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RNE103599_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE103599_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE103599_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE103599_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE103599_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE103599_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE103599_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAHD103599" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=103599">"Cape Byron Lighthouse, Lighthouse Rd, Byron Bay, NSW, Australia (Place ID 103599)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Heritage_Database" title="Australian Heritage Database">Australian Heritage Database</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a>. 21 October 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Heritage+Database&rft.atitle=Cape+Byron+Lighthouse%2C+Lighthouse+Rd%2C+Byron+Bay%2C+NSW%2C+Australia+%28Place+ID+103599%29&rft.date=1980-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fahdb%2Fsearch.pl%3Fmode%3Dplace_detail%3Bplace_id%3D103599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNE210-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RNE210_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE210_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE210_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE210_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE210_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNE210_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAHD210" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=210">"Cape Byron Lighthouse and Residences, Lighthouse Rd, Byron Bay, NSW, Australia (Place ID 210)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Heritage_Database" title="Australian Heritage Database">Australian Heritage Database</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a>. 21 October 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Heritage+Database&rft.atitle=Cape+Byron+Lighthouse+and+Residences%2C+Lighthouse+Rd%2C+Byron+Bay%2C+NSW%2C+Australia+%28Place+ID+210%29&rft.date=1980-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fahdb%2Fsearch.pl%3Fmode%3Dplace_detail%3Bplace_id%3D210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loa_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loa_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loa_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loa_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loa_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loa_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLighthouses_of_Australia_Inc" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lighthouses.org.au/lights/NSW/Cape%20Byron/Cape%20Byron.htm">"The Cape Byron Lighthouse"</a>. <i>Lighthouses of New South Wales</i>. Lighthouses of Australia Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouses+of+New+South+Wales&rft.atitle=The+Cape+Byron+Lighthouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lighthouses.org.au%2Flights%2FNSW%2FCape%2520Byron%2FCape%2520Byron.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nswshr-2023-2023-1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023-2023-1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reid, 1988, p76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nswshr-2023-2023-2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nswshr-2023-2023-2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brooks, 2001, p37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1999" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, Alan, South Coast Register (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310072342/http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/Bulletin/9906/Bulletin%20Jun%2099.htm#PtPerpendicular100th#PtPerpendicular100th">"Newspaper Article Marks Point Perpendicular 100th"</a>. <i>Lighthouses of Australia Inc Bulletin</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/Bulletin/9906/Bulletin%20Jun%2099.htm#PtPerpendicular100th">the original</a> on 10 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lighthouses+of+Australia+Inc+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Newspaper+Article+Marks+Point+Perpendicular+100th&rft.date=1999-06&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Alan%2C+South+Coast+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lighthouse.net.au%2Flights%2FBulletin%2F9906%2FBulletin%2520Jun%252099.htm%23PtPerpendicular100th&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREF-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CITEREF_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITEREF_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITEREF_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITEREF_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITEREF_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITEREF_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITEREF_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByron_Bay" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byron-bay.com/byronbay/lighthouse.html">"Cape Byron Lighthouse - Byron Bay"</a>. <i>byron-bay.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=byron-bay.com&rft.atitle=Cape+Byron+Lighthouse+-+Byron+Bay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byron-bay.com%2Fbyronbay%2Flighthouse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBHR-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBHR_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBHR_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCape_Byron_Headland_Reserve" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byron-bay.com/byronbay/capebyron.html">"Cape Byron Headland Reserve"</a>. <i>byron-bay.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=byron-bay.com&rft.atitle=Cape+Byron+Headland+Reserve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byron-bay.com%2Fbyronbay%2Fcapebyron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoL-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LoL_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LoL_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msi.nga.mil/api/publications/download?key=16694312/SFH00000/UpdatedPub111bk.pdf&type=view"><i>List of Lights, </i>Pub. 111:<i> The West Coasts of North and South America (Excluding Continental U.S.A. and Hawaii), Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Islands of the North and South Pacific Oceans</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lights" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lights">List of Lights</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a>. 2009. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=List+of+Lights%2C+Pub.+111%3A+The+West+Coasts+of+North+and+South+America+%28Excluding+Continental+U.S.A.+and+Hawaii%29%2C+Australia%2C+Tasmania%2C+New+Zealand%2C+and+the+Islands+of+the+North+and+South+Pacific+Oceans&rft.series=%27%27List+of+Lights%27%27&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=United+States+National+Geospatial-Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsi.nga.mil%2Fapi%2Fpublications%2Fdownload%3Fkey%3D16694312%2FSFH00000%2FUpdatedPub111bk.pdf%26type%3Dview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowlett-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowlett_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowlett_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowlett_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowlett_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlett" class="citation web cs1">Rowlett, Russ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/nsw.htm">"Lighthouses of Australia: Northern New South Wales"</a>. <i>The Lighthouse Directory</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lighthouse+Directory&rft.atitle=Lighthouses+of+Australia%3A+Northern+New+South+Wales&rft.aulast=Rowlett&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Flighthouse%2Fnsw.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/Cape-Byron-State-Conservation-Area/Cape-Byron-Walking-Track/walking">"Cape Byron walking track"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cape+Byron+walking+track&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au%2FCape-Byron-State-Conservation-Area%2FCape-Byron-Walking-Track%2Fwalking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Government,_Department_of_the_Environment_and_Energy2004" class="citation web cs1">Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DNSW%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D35%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105599">"Commonwealth Heritage List: Cape Byron Lighthouse, Lighthouse Rd, Byron Bay, NSW, Australia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commonwealth+Heritage+List%3A+Cape+Byron+Lighthouse%2C+Lighthouse+Rd%2C+Byron+Bay%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Australian+Government%2C+Department+of+the+Environment+and+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenvironment.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fahdb%2Fsearch.pl%3Fmode%3Dplace_detail%3Bsearch%3Dstate%253DNSW%253Blist_code%253DCHL%253Blegal_status%253D35%253Bkeyword_PD%253D0%253Bkeyword_SS%253D0%253Bkeyword_PH%253D0%3Bplace_id%3D105599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClive_Lucas,_Stapleton_and_Partners_Pty_Ltd1993" class="citation book cs1">Clive Lucas, Stapleton and Partners Pty Ltd (1993). <i>Cape Byron Lightstation: Conservation Management Plan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cape+Byron+Lightstation%3A+Conservation+Management+Plan&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Clive+Lucas%2C+Stapleton+and+Partners+Pty+Ltd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllsmore2008" class="citation web cs1">Ellsmore, Freeman (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/planmanagement/final/CapeByronCMP.pdf">"Conservation Management Plan: The Cape Byron Lightstation Precinct"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conservation+Management+Plan%3A+The+Cape+Byron+Lightstation+Precinct&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Ellsmore&rft.aufirst=Freeman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fplanmanagement%2Ffinal%2FCapeByronCMP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1988" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Gordon (1988). <i>From dusk till dawn: a history of Australian lighthouses</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+dusk+till+dawn%3A+a+history+of+Australian+lighthouses&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Brooks_&_Assoc_PL,_DM_Taylor_Landscape_Architects_PL,_Mitchell_Nethery_Heritage_Presentation,_Mary_Dallas_Consulting_Archaeologists,_Imaginvest_Tourism_Consultants2001" class="citation book cs1">Graham Brooks & Assoc PL, DM Taylor Landscape Architects PL, Mitchell Nethery Heritage Presentation, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Dallas" title="Mary Dallas">Mary Dallas</a> Consulting Archaeologists, Imaginvest Tourism Consultants (2001). <i>NPWS Lighthouses: conservation management and cultural tourism plan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NPWS+Lighthouses%3A+conservation+management+and+cultural+tourism+plan&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Graham+Brooks+%26+Assoc+PL%2C+DM+Taylor+Landscape+Architects+PL%2C+Mitchell+Nethery+Heritage+Presentation%2C+Mary+Dallas+Consulting+Archaeologists%2C+Imaginvest+Tourism+Consultants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins,_J._P.1995" class="citation book cs1">Collins, J. P. (1995). <i>Cape Byron Headland Reserve Aboriginal Heritage Study</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cape+Byron+Headland+Reserve+Aboriginal+Heritage+Study&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Collins%2C+J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKijas_Histories2009" class="citation book cs1">Kijas Histories (2009). <i>Lighthouse Keeping - A Parnership: A Report on the NPWS Lighthouses of NSW Oral History Project</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lighthouse+Keeping+-+A+Parnership%3A+A+Report+on+the+NPWS+Lighthouses+of+NSW+Oral+History+Project&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Kijas+Histories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Parks_&_Wildlife_Service2018" class="citation book cs1">National Parks & Wildlife Service (2018). <i>State Heritage Register Nomination Form: Cape Byron Lighthouse</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Heritage+Register+Nomination+Form%3A+Cape+Byron+Lighthouse&rft.date=2018&rft.au=National+Parks+%26+Wildlife+Service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Cape_Byron_Trust_and_the_Arakwal_Aboriginal_Corporation1999" class="citation book cs1">The Cape Byron Trust and the Arakwal Aboriginal Corporation (1999). <i>Special Places: Exploring Aboriginal Heritage, Cape Byron, Australia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Special+Places%3A+Exploring+Aboriginal+Heritage%2C+Cape+Byron%2C+Australia&rft.date=1999&rft.au=The+Cape+Byron+Trust+and+the+Arakwal+Aboriginal+Corporation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWildsite_Ecological_Services2002" class="citation web cs1">Wildsite Ecological Services (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/cape-byron-state-conservation-area-plan-of-management">"Cape Byron State Conservation Area Plan of Management"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cape+Byron+State+Conservation+Area+Plan+of+Management&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Wildsite+Ecological+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2Fresearch-and-publications%2Fpublications-search%2Fcape-byron-state-conservation-area-plan-of-management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attribution">Attribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Attribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon-80x15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/CC_BY_icon-80x15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> This Wikipedia article was originally based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053293">Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items)</a>, entry number 2023 in the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_State_Heritage_Register" title="New South Wales State Heritage Register">New South Wales State Heritage Register</a> published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2020 under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/help/copyright-disclaimer.htm">licence</a>, accessed on 18 February 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Byron_Light&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cape_Byron_Light" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cape Byron Light">Cape Byron Light</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearle" class="citation web cs1">Searle, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seasidelights.com.au/au/NSW/capebyron.asp?fState=NSW">"Cape Byron"</a>. <i>Lighthouses of New South Wales</i>. SeaSide Lights.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouses+of+New+South+Wales&rft.atitle=Cape+Byron&rft.aulast=Searle&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seasidelights.com.au%2Fau%2FNSW%2Fcapebyron.asp%3FfState%3DNSW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Byron+Light" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lighthouses_of_New_South_Wales_and_Jervis_Bay_Territory" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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talk:Lighthouses of New South Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lighthouses_of_New_South_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lighthouses of New South Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lighthouses_of_New_South_Wales_and_Jervis_Bay_Territory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jervis_Bay_Territory" title="Jervis Bay Territory">Jervis Bay Territory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingal_Head_Light" title="Fingal Head Light">Fingal Head</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cape Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_River_Light" title="Richmond River Light">Richmond River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_River_Light" title="Clarence River Light">Clarence River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Solitary_Island_Light" title="North Solitary Island Light">North Solitary Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Solitary_Island_Light" title="South Solitary Island Light">South Solitary Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_Cape_Lighthouse" title="Smoky Cape Lighthouse">Smoky Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacking_Point_Lighthouse" title="Tacking Point Lighthouse">Tacking Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdy_Head_Light" title="Crowdy Head Light">Crowdy Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Point_Light" title="Sugarloaf Point Light">Sugarloaf Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Head_Light" title="Nelson Head Light">Nelson Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Stephens_Light" title="Point Stephens Light">Point Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobbys_Head_Light" title="Nobbys Head Light">Nobbys Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norah_Head_Light" title="Norah Head Light">Norah Head</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg/100px-Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg/150px-Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg/200px-Phare_de_Cap_Byron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Sydney Harbour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrenjoey_Head_Lighthouse" title="Barrenjoey Head Lighthouse">Barrenjoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornby_Lighthouse" title="Hornby Lighthouse">Hornby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Lighthouse" title="Macquarie Lighthouse">Macquarie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Baily_Light" title="Cape Baily Light">Cape Baily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inside <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Sydney Harbour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotto_Point_Light" title="Grotto Point Light">Grotto Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradleys_Head_Light" title="Bradleys Head Light">Bradleys Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Denison_Light" title="Fort Denison Light">Fort Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Point_Light" title="Robertson Point Light">Robertson Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parriwi_Head_Light" title="Parriwi Head Light">Parriwi Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Channel_Pile_Light" title="Eastern Channel Pile Light">Eastern Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Channel_Pile_Light" title="Western Channel Pile Light">Western Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaucluse_Bay_Range_Front_Light" title="Vaucluse Bay Range Front Light">Vaucluse Bay – Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaucluse_Bay_Range_Rear_Light" title="Vaucluse Bay Range Rear Light">Vaucluse Bay – Rear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Island_Light" title="Shark Island Light">Shark Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wollongong_Head_Lighthouse" title="Wollongong Head Lighthouse">Wollongong Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollongong_Breakwater_Lighthouse" title="Wollongong Breakwater Lighthouse">Wollongong Breakwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiama_Light" title="Kiama Light">Kiama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crookhaven_Heads_Light" title="Crookhaven Heads Light">Crookhaven Heads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Perpendicular_Light" title="Point Perpendicular Light">Point Perpendicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_St_George_Lighthouse" title="Cape St George Lighthouse">Cape St George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warden_Head_Light" title="Warden Head Light">Warden Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrewarra_Point_Light" title="Burrewarra Point Light">Burrewarra Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Island_Light" title="Montague Island Light">Montague Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Cape_Lighthouse" title="Green Cape Lighthouse">Green Cape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Australia#New_South_Wales" title="List of lighthouses in Australia">List of lighthouses in Australia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Geographic <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034294#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wlol.arlhs.com/lighthouse/AUS025.html">ARLHS</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty (identifier)">Admiralty</a>: K2838</span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmsi.nga.mil%2FqueryResults%3Fpublications%2Fngalol%2Flights-buoys%3Fvolume%3D%251%26featureNumber%3D%252%26includeRemovals%3Dfalse%26output%3Dhtml&exp=(%5Cd%7B3%7D)-(.*)&id=111-5884">NGA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐76dfdc59c8‐wgs4k Cached time: 20241126121005 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.024 seconds Real time usage: 1.295 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7961/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 138444/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 16454/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 116489/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.574/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 12112708/52428800 bytes Number 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