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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian law scholar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 18th century counterfeiter, see <a href="/wiki/Philip_Alston_(counterfeiter)" title="Philip Alston (counterfeiter)">Philip Alston (counterfeiter)</a>. For the American lawyer and diplomat, see <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Alston" title="Philip H. Alston">Philip H. Alston</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Alston_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Philip_Alston_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/220px-Philip_Alston_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Philip_Alston_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/330px-Philip_Alston_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Philip_Alston_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/440px-Philip_Alston_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Philip Alston</figcaption></figure><p><b>Philip Geoffrey Alston</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of Australia">AO</a></span></span> is an Australian international law scholar and human rights practitioner. He is John Norton Pomeroy Professor of Law at <a href="/wiki/NYU_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU Law School">New York University School of Law</a>, and co-chair of the law school's Center for Human Rights and Global Justice. In human rights law, Alston has held a range of senior UN appointments for over two decades, including <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a> on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, a position he held from August 2004 to July 2010, and UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights from 2014-2020.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alston was a resident at <a href="/wiki/Ormond_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Ormond College">Ormond College</a> and graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a> with an LL.B.(Hons.) in 1972 and from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> with an LL.M. in 1976 <sup id="cite_ref-NYU_Law_Alston_2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYU_Law_Alston_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a JSD (Doctor of Juridical Science) in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-NYU_Law_Alston_2015_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYU_Law_Alston_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His brother is the former Australian federal Cabinet minister and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_High_Commissioners_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Australian High Commissioners to the United Kingdom">High Commissioner to the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Alston_(politician)" title="Richard Alston (politician)">Richard Alston</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alston's first academic appointments were at <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> (1985–89) and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> (1984–89). Alston was then professor at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> (1990–95), and also director of its Center for International and Public Law. He was then professor at the <a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a> (1996–2001), before moving to <a href="/wiki/NYU_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU Law School">New York University School of Law</a>, where he is the <a href="/wiki/John_Norton_Pomeroy" title="John Norton Pomeroy">John Norton Pomeroy</a> Professor of Law and co-chair of the law school's Center for Human Rights and Global Justice. He became a faculty instructor in the NYU Law Institute for Executive Education, which was launched in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-NYU_Law_Alston_2015_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYU_Law_Alston_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In human rights law, Alston has held a range of senior UN appointments for over two decades. From 1986 to 1991 he was the first Rapporteur for the UN <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a>; he then chaired the committee from 1991 to 1998. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 1993 <a href="/wiki/World_Conference_on_Human_Rights" title="World Conference on Human Rights">World Conference on Human Rights</a> he was elected to chair the first meeting of the presidents and Chairs of all of the international human rights courts and committees (including the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Human_Rights_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-American Human Rights Court">Inter-American Human Rights Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Human Rights Committee">UN Human Rights Committee</a>). </p><p>He was appointed by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Secretary-General">United Nations Secretary-General</a> in 1988 to suggest reforms to make the United Nations human rights treaty monitoring system more effective. His major reports in 1989, 1993, and 1997 provided the impetus for continuing efforts by the UN <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> and the UN <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights Council">Human Rights Council</a> to streamline and improve the rather unwieldy monitoring system.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>His other United Nations appointments include Special Adviser to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>. He was appointed to that post by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Vieira_de_Mello" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Vieira de Mello">Sergio Vieira de Mello</a>, and has continued to advise successor High Commissioners, including Louise Arbour and <a href="/wiki/Navanethem_Pillay" class="mw-redirect" title="Navanethem Pillay">Navanethem Pillay</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNICEF">UNICEF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: UNICEF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He has been involved in the field of children's rights and the legal adviser to <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> throughout the period of the drafting of the U.N. <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a>. He participated in the UNICEF delegation to the drafting sessions of the convention and continued to advise UNICEF for several years after the convention's adoption in 1989, especially in relation to promoting the ratification of the convention by countries around the world. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He published two studies for UNICEF on children's rights. The first was <i>The Best Interests of the Child: Reconciling Culture and Human Rights</i> (1994), and the second, with John Tobin, was <i>Laying the Foundations for Children's Rights</i>, published in 2005 by UNICEF. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Rapporteur">Special Rapporteur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Special Rapporteur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>On extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions</dt></dl> <p>From August 2004 – July 2010 he was the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a> on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.<sup id="cite_ref-OHCHR_SRExtreme_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHCHR_SRExtreme-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that capacity he reported to the UN Human Rights Council and the General Assembly. As Special Rapporteur, Alston visited <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="The Central African Republic">The Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="The USA">the USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, and issued a report in each case to the relevant government and to the United Nations. </p><p>Alston's reports to the UN relating to extrajudicial executions also dealt with broad thematic issues that arose in many countries, such as witchcraft and vigilante killings, national-level commissions of inquiry dealing with unlawful killings, the problem of prisoners running prisons, the importance of witness protection programs, the problem of governmental reprisals against individuals or groups who have cooperated with a UN human rights inquiry, the need to regulate the use of lethal force by law enforcement officers, shoot-to-kill policies, the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law, mercy killings in times of armed conflict, and the need to make military justice systems compatible with human rights. With respect to the death penalty, Alston's reports discussed the need for transparency, the unacceptability of the mandatory death penalty under international law, the definition of the 'most serious crimes' for which the death penalty may be imposed, the right to seek pardon or commutation of a death sentence, and the juvenile death penalty. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dt>On extreme poverty and human rights</dt></dl> <p>In 2014, Alston was appointed UN Special Rapporteur on <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> and human rights. In 1998, the OHCHR established the mandate on extreme poverty. In June 2006 the Human Rights Council took over its mandate. Its goals include providing "greater prominence to the plight of those living in extreme poverty and to highlight the human rights consequences of the systematic neglect to which they are all too often subjected."<sup id="cite_ref-OHCHR_SRExtreme_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHCHR_SRExtreme-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2015, Alston submitted his first report to the Human Rights Council in his capacity as Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights. In it, he focused on the "relationship between extreme poverty and extreme inequality and argues that a human rights framework is critical in addressing extreme inequality." He provided "an overview of the widening economic and social inequalities around the world; illustrates how such inequalities stifle equal opportunity, lead to laws, regulations and institutions that favour the powerful, and perpetuate discrimination against certain groups, such as women; and further discusses the negative effects of economic inequalities on a range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights...[He proposed] an agenda for the future for tackling inequality, including: committing to reduce extreme inequality; giving economic, social and cultural rights the same prominence and priority as are given to civil and political rights; recognizing the right to social protection; implementing fiscal policies specifically aimed at reducing inequality; revitalizing and giving substance to the right to equality; and putting questions of resource redistribution at the centre of human rights debates."<sup id="cite_ref-Alston_OHCHR_2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alston_OHCHR_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late October 2016, Alston released a scathing report to the UN General Assembly, calling the UN's refusal to accept responsibility for the devastating <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Haiti cholera outbreak">2010 Haiti cholera outbreak</a> a "disgrace." The "deadly cholera bacterium" was imported to Haiti in 2010 by infected UN peacekeepers "who were relocated from Nepal" without first being "screened for the illness".<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Alston_Haiti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The screening would have cost "as little as $2,000." The report criticized the "flawed and unfounded" advice given by the <a href="/wiki/UN%27s_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="UN's Office of Legal Affairs">UN's Office of Legal Affairs</a> (OLA), that he blames for preventing the UN from accepting responsibility for the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-Alston_OHCHR_2016_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alston_OHCHR_2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Alston, "The UN's explicit and unqualified denial of anything other than a moral responsibility is a disgrace. If the United Nations bluntly refuses to hold itself accountable for human rights violations, it makes a mockery of its efforts to hold governments and others to account."<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Alston_Haiti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alston said that the UN appeared to have been pressed by United States, the "main contributor to the UN's peacekeeping budget", to "adopt the position frequently taken by lawyers in the US that responsibility should never be accepted voluntarily, since it could complicate future litigation."<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Alston_Haiti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alston explained that "this rationale is completely inapplicable to the UN", which unlike the justice system in the United States, "enjoys absolute immunity from suit in national courts and whose reputation depends almost entirely on being seen to act with integrity."<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Alston_Haiti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alston expressed concern that the "$400m financial package being put together by the UN" might face funding hurdles. "If you deny responsibility then it's much harder to raise money, to mobilise resources because it becomes just another general development problem... And I think the UN has actually exacerbated the problem significantly through its denials for many years."<sup id="cite_ref-France_Alston_Haiti_2016_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France_Alston_Haiti_2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his opening and closing statements, Alston called on advocacy groups like the Boston-based <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Justice_%26_Democracy_in_Haiti" title="Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti">Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti (IJDH)</a> and the Haiti-based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_des_Avocats_Internationaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau des Avocats Internationaux (page does not exist)">Bureau des Avocats Internationaux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_des_Avocats_Internationaux" class="extiw" title="fr:Bureau des Avocats Internationaux">fr</a>]</span> (BAI) to continue their work, and to keep up pressure on UN Member States.<sup id="cite_ref-Alston_OHCHR_2016_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alston_OHCHR_2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017 the United Nations undertook an investigation on the effects of systemic poverty in the United States. In a 29 November 2017 <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> (OHCHR) statement, Alston observed, "Some might ask why a UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights would visit a country as rich as the United States. But despite great wealth in the US, there also exists great poverty and inequality...[He will] focus on how poverty affects the civil and political rights of people living within the US, given the United States' consistent emphasis on the importance it attaches to these rights in its foreign policy...[He will investigate] the "criminal justice system, welfare and healthcare, barriers to political participation, homelessness, and basic social rights such as the right to social protection, housing, water and sanitation."<sup id="cite_ref-OHCHR_2017_Alston_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHCHR_2017_Alston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2017, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Tropical_Medicine_and_Hygiene" title="American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene">American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</a> (ASTMH) published a report on an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Hookworm_infection" title="Hookworm infection">hookworm</a> in Alabama, which is a disease of extreme poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-ASTMH_2017_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASTMH_2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hookworm, an intestinal parasite, an endemic tropical disease, is listed as a <a href="/wiki/Neglected_tropical_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Neglected tropical disease">neglected tropical disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was thought<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_2017_Pilkington_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_2017_Pilkington-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to have been "slowly eradicated" in the United States starting in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-BOEM_2001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOEM_2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35–6">: 35–6 </span></sup> It is found in areas that have "[i]nadequate public health services and a general lack of basic citizen knowledge of health and hygiene" and reflects a "weak public education system."<sup id="cite_ref-BOEM_2001_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOEM_2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UN investigation includes areas in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>. In December 2017, Alston reported that in "a community in <a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Alabama" title="Butler County, Alabama">Butler County, Alabama</a> he found raw sewage flowing from homes through exposed PVC pipes and into open trenches and pits."<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek_2017_Ballesteros_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek_2017_Ballesteros-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alston was given a tour of <a href="/wiki/Skid_Row,_Los_Angeles" title="Skid Row, Los Angeles">Skid Row</a> and described seeing "50 blocks of concentrated human humiliation" in the center of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">downtown Los Angeles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Pilkington_2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Pilkington_2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>The Guardian</i>, there was a surge in the cost of housing following the "tech boom for the 0.001%",<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Pilkington_2017_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Pilkington_2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which in the early 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and startups <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demand_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Demand Media">Demand Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a> opened offices in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_neighborhoods" title="Santa Monica neighborhoods">Santa Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles" title="Venice, Los Angeles">Venice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Playa_del_Rey,_Los_Angeles" title="Playa del Rey, Los Angeles">Playa del Rey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe_Nakashima_2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe_Nakashima_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los Angeles has the largest population of homeless people in the United States. By December 2017, their numbers increased 25% to 55,000.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_Pilkington_2017_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian_Pilkington_2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In autumn 2018, Alston did a two-week fact-finding tour of the United Kingdom where he met with people living in poverty, spoke with civil society front line workers, work coaches, and local, devolved and UK governments, "and visited community organisations, social housing, a Jobcentre, a food bank, an advice center, a library, and a primary school."<sup id="cite_ref-Alston_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alston-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He met with politicians from all major political parties, Welsh and central government ministers and Scotland's First Minister. In a statement released on 16 November he said for almost half of the nation's children to be poor today is "not just a disgrace, but a social calamity and an economic disaster, all rolled into one", the government's approach to poverty is not guided by economics but "a commitment to achieving radical social re-engineering", and the government should adopt policies that ensure the poor do not have to shoulder the largest share of the ongoing financial burden to the nation arising from <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alston_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alston-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alston said the UK government caused "great misery" with "punitive, mean-spirited, and often callous" austerity measures, and roughly 14 million people, one in five of the UK population, experience poverty and 1.5 million are destitute, and cannot pay for basic essentials, concluding that the government had made daily life for them "solitary, poor, <a href="/wiki/Nasty,_brutish_and_short" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasty, brutish and short">nasty, brutish and short</a>", a quote by the English political writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hobbes_quote_attribution_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hobbes_quote_attribution-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He cited statistics from the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Fiscal_Studies" title="Institute for Fiscal Studies">Institute for Fiscal Studies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rowntree_Foundation" title="Joseph Rowntree Foundation">Joseph Rowntree Foundation</a>, and noted particular predictions that <a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">child poverty</a> could increase by 7% between 2015 and 2022, possibly reaching 40%. He said, "It is patently unjust and contrary to British values that so many people are living in poverty," and added that compassion had been given up during nearly a decade of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_austerity_programme#Effects" title="United Kingdom government austerity programme">austerity</a> so severe that key parts of the postwar social contract, <a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">William Beveridge</a> worked out over 70 years ago, had been lost. Alston visited towns and cities including London, Oxford, Cardiff, Newcastle, Glasgow and Belfast, then Alston said “obvious to anyone who opens their eyes to see the immense growth in food banks and the queues waiting outside them, the people sleeping rough in the streets, the growth of homelessness, the sense of deep despair that leads even the government to appoint a minister for suicide prevention and civil society to report in depth on unheard-of levels of loneliness and isolation”. A government spokesperson stated that average household incomes were at a record high, income inequality had fallen and that <a href="/wiki/Universal_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal credit">universal credit</a>, which Alston attacked as "Orwellian" and "fast falling into universal discredit", was supporting people into work faster.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, he received support from the New York University School of law which received to this end several grants from the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alston also directed a project funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, which resulted in the publication of a <i>Human Rights Agenda for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> for the Year 2000</i> and a 1999 volume of essays (<i>The European Union and Human Rights</i>). Many of its recommendations were subsequently implemented by the European Commission and the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>. He also is one of 29 signatories to the <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alston was appointed an <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Officer of the Order of Australia</a> for "distinguished service to the law, particularly in the area of international human rights, and to legal education" in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Queen%27s_Birthday_Honours_(Australia)" title="2021 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)">2021 Queen's Birthday Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alston has written on issues such as economic, social and cultural rights, United Nations institutions and procedures, <a href="/wiki/Labour_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour rights">labour rights</a>, the role of non-state actors in relation to human rights, comparative bills of rights, the use of force, and human rights and development policies. He is also one of the authors of a textbook in the field entitled <i>International Human Rights in Context, Law, Politics, Morals</i>, published by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. A third edition was published in 2007. </p><p>In a 2017 article in the <i> <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Human_Rights_Practice" title="Journal of Human Rights Practice">Journal of Human Rights Practice</a></i>, faced with the rise of populism, Alston called for a reframing of "economic and social rights as human rights rather than as welfare or development objectives." He also called on academics, those who are anti- and pro- human rights, to pay attention to the "unintended consequences of their scholarship."<sup id="cite_ref-OUP_Alston_HR_populist_2017_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUP_Alston_HR_populist_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His 2019 article with Bassam Khawaja and Rebecca Riddell, "Much Ado About Poverty," provided a behind the scenes account of the role of a UN Special Rapporteur, "in investigating and evaluating the situation of people in poverty in a wide range of countries."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srpoverty.org/">"Extreme Poverty and Human Rights"</a>. <i>Extreme Poverty and Human Rights</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Extreme+Poverty+and+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Extreme+Poverty+and+Human+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsrpoverty.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYU_Law_Alston_2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYU_Law_Alston_2015_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYU_Law_Alston_2015_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYU_Law_Alston_2015_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://its.law.nyu.edu/facultyprofiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=profile.biography&personid=19742">"Philip Alston"</a>. Faculty Profile. New York: New York University School of Law (NYU Law). 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philip+Alston&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Faculty+Profile&rft.pub=New+York+University+School+of+Law+%28NYU+Law%29&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fits.law.nyu.edu%2Ffacultyprofiles%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3Dprofile.biography%26personid%3D19742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/treaty-bodies/cescr/membership">"OHCHR | Membership"</a>. <i>OHCHR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=OHCHR+%7C+Membership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Ftreaty-bodies%2Fcescr%2Fmembership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OHCHR_SRExtreme-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OHCHR_SRExtreme_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OHCHR_SRExtreme_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Poverty/Pages/SRExtremePovertyIndex.aspx">"Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights"</a>. OHCHR. nd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Rapporteur+on+extreme+poverty+and+human+rights&rft.pub=OHCHR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FIssues%2FPoverty%2FPages%2FSRExtremePovertyIndex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alston_OHCHR_2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alston_OHCHR_2015_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlston2015" class="citation report cs1">Alston, Philip (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N16/271/19/PDF/N1627119.pdf?OpenElement">Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, Philip Alston</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). OHCHR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Special+Rapporteur+on+extreme+poverty+and+human+rights%2C+Philip+Alston&rft.pub=OHCHR&rft.date=2015-05&rft.aulast=Alston&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments-dds-ny.un.org%2Fdoc%2FUNDOC%2FGEN%2FN16%2F271%2F19%2FPDF%2FN1627119.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian_Alston_Haiti-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_Alston_Haiti_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2016" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Ben (25 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/25/united-nations-expert-special-rapporteur-calls-actions-over-haiti-cholera-outbreak-2010-a-disgrace">"UN's own expert calls its actions over Haiti cholera outbreak 'a disgrace'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2017</span>. <q>Human rights special rapporteur says UN's refusal to accept responsibility for 2010 outbreak 'makes a mockery' of efforts to hold others to account</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UN%27s+own+expert+calls+its+actions+over+Haiti+cholera+outbreak+%27a+disgrace%27&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2016%2Foct%2F25%2Funited-nations-expert-special-rapporteur-calls-actions-over-haiti-cholera-outbreak-2010-a-disgrace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alston_OHCHR_2016-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alston_OHCHR_2016_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alston_OHCHR_2016_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chrgj.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Alston-GA-3rd-Cee-statement-25-October-FINAL.pdf">Statement by Philip Alston Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). 71st session of the General Assembly Third Committee Item. 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It will be crucial to engage with issues of resources and redistribution, including budgets, tax policy, and fiscal policies. There is a need for collaboration with a broader range of actors, to be more persuasive and less didactic, and to be prepared to break with some of the old certainties. Academics should pay attention to the unintended consequences of their scholarship, and everyone in the human rights movement needs to reflect on the contributions each can make.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Rights+Practice&rft.atitle=The+Populist+Challenge+to+Human+Rights&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=2017-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjhuman%2Fhux007&rft.aulast=Alston&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjhrp%2Farticle%2F9%2F1%2F1%2F3772736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlstonKhawajaRiddell2019" class="citation journal cs1">Alston, Philip; Khawaja, Bassam; Riddell, Rebecca (30 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3429230">"Much Ado About Poverty: The Role of a UN Special Rapporteur"</a>. Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3429230">3429230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Much+Ado+About+Poverty%3A+The+Role+of+a+UN+Special+Rapporteur&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3429230%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Alston&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Khawaja%2C+Bassam&rft.au=Riddell%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D3429230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Alston" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Alston&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2009/10/28/un_special_rapporteur_on_extrajudicial_killings">Philip Alston: Record AfPak Drone Attacks Under Obama May Violate International Law</a> – video report by <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060506190632/http://www.extrajudicialexecutions.org/">Project on Extrajudicial Executions</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>, Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, <a href="/wiki/NYU_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU Law School">New York University School of Law</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.nyu.edu/news/institute-for-executive-education/">NYU Law launches Institute for Executive Education</a>, NYU Law Institute for Executive Education, <a href="/wiki/NYU_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU Law School">New York University School of Law</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-un-poverty-inequality-report-20180602-htmlstory.html">Q&A: U.N.'s poverty and human rights special rapporteur finds U.S. policies reward wealthy, punish poor</a>. Interview in the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, June 2, 2018.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ejiltalk.org/author/philipalston/">Philip Alston - Contributor profile</a>, <a href="/wiki/EJIL:_Talk!" title="EJIL: Talk!">EJIL: Talk!</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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