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rankings</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: rankings"> <meta name="keywords" content="rankings"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="rankings"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 13</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: rankings</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Ordinal Regression with Fenton-Wilkinson Order Statistics: A Case Study of an Orienteering Race</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joonas%20P%C3%A4%C3%A4kk%C3%B6nen">Joonas P盲盲kk枚nen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In sports, individuals and teams are typically interested in final rankings. Final results, such as times or distances, dictate these rankings, also known as places. Places can be further associated with ordered random variables, commonly referred to as order statistics. In this work, we introduce a simple, yet accurate order statistical ordinal regression function that predicts relay race places with changeover-times. We call this function the Fenton-Wilkinson Order Statistics model. This model is built on the following educated assumption: individual leg-times follow log-normal distributions. Moreover, our key idea is to utilize Fenton-Wilkinson approximations of changeover-times alongside an estimator for the total number of teams as in the notorious German tank problem. This original place regression function is sigmoidal and thus correctly predicts the existence of a small number of elite teams that significantly outperform the rest of the teams. Our model also describes how place increases linearly with changeover-time at the inflection point of the log-normal distribution function. With real-world data from Jukola 2019, a massive orienteering relay race, the model is shown to be highly accurate even when the size of the training set is only 5% of the whole data set. Numerical results also show that our model exhibits smaller place prediction root-mean-square-errors than linear regression, mord regression and Gaussian process regression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fenton-Wilkinson%20approximation" title="Fenton-Wilkinson approximation">Fenton-Wilkinson approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=German%20tank%0D%0Aproblem" title=" German tank problem"> German tank problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=log-normal%20distribution" title=" log-normal distribution"> log-normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=order%20statistics" title=" order statistics"> order statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ordinal%20regression" title=" ordinal regression"> ordinal regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orienteering" title=" orienteering"> orienteering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sports%20analytics" title=" sports analytics"> sports analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sports%20modeling." title=" sports modeling."> sports modeling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/ordinal-regression-with-fenton-wilkinson-order-statistics-a-case-study-of-an-orienteering-race" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">833</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Aircraft Selection Using Multiple Criteria Decision Making Analysis Method with Different Data Normalization Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil">C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents an original application of multiple criteria decision making analysis theory to the evaluation <span style="background-color: initial;">of aircraft selection problem. The selection of an optimal, efficient and reliable fleet, network and operations planning policy is one of </span><span style="background-color: initial;">the most important factors in aircraft selection problem. Given that decision making in aircraft selection involves the consideration of a </span><span style="background-color: initial;">number of opposite criteria and possible solutions, such a selection can be considered as a multiple criteria decision making analysis </span><span style="background-color: initial;">problem. This study presents a new integrated approach to decision making by considering the multiple criteria utility theory and the </span><span style="background-color: initial;">maximal regret minimization theory methods as well as aircraft technical, economical, and environmental aspects. </span><span style="background-color: initial;">Multiple criteria decision making analysis method uses different normalization techniques to allow criteria to be aggregated with </span><span style="background-color: initial;">qualitative and quantitative data of the decision problem. Therefore, selecting a suitable normalization technique for the model is also a </span><span style="background-color: initial;">challenge to provide data aggregation for the aircraft selection problem. To compare the impact of different normalization techniques on the decision problem, the vector, linear (sum), linear (max), and linear (max-min) data normalization techniques were identified to evaluate aircraft selection problem. </span><span style="background-color: initial;">As a logical implication of the proposed approach, it enhances the decision making process through enabling the decision maker to: (i) </span><span style="background-color: initial;">use higher level knowledge regarding the selection of criteria weights and the proposed technique, (ii) estimate the ranking of an alternative, under different data normalization techniques and integrated criteria weights after a posteriori analysis of the final rankings of alternatives. A set of commercial passenger aircraft were considered in order to illustrate the proposed approach. The obtained results of the proposed approach were compared using Spearman's rho tests. An analysis of the final rank stability with respect to the changes in criteria weights was also performed so as to assess the sensitivity of the alternative rankings obtained by the application of different data normalization techniques and the proposed approach.</span></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Normalization%20Techniques" title="Normalization Techniques">Normalization Techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aircraft%20Selection" title=" Aircraft Selection"> Aircraft Selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20Criteria%20Decision%20Making" title=" Multiple Criteria Decision Making"> Multiple Criteria Decision Making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiple%20Criteria%20Decision%20Making%20Analysis" title=" Multiple Criteria Decision Making Analysis"> Multiple Criteria Decision Making Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MCDMA" title=" MCDMA"> MCDMA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/aircraft-selection-using-multiple-criteria-decision-making-analysis-method-with-different-data-normalization-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Gene Selection Guided by Feature Interdependence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hung-Ming%20Lai">Hung-Ming Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andreas%20Albrecht"> Andreas Albrecht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kathleen%20Steinh%C3%B6fel"> Kathleen Steinh枚fel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cancers could normally be marked by a number of differentially expressed genes which show enormous potential as biomarkers for a certain disease. Recent years, cancer classification based on the investigation of gene expression profiles derived by high-throughput microarrays has widely been used. The selection of discriminative genes is, therefore, an essential preprocess step in carcinogenesis studies. In this paper, we have proposed a novel gene selector using information-theoretic measures for biological discovery. This multivariate filter is a four-stage framework through the analyses of feature relevance, feature interdependence, feature redundancy-dependence and subset rankings, and having been examined on the colon cancer data set. Our experimental result show that the proposed method outperformed other information theorem based filters in all aspect of classification errors and classification performance.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Colon%20cancer" title="Colon cancer">Colon cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=feature%20interdependence" title=" feature interdependence"> feature interdependence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=feature%20subset%0D%0Aselection" title=" feature subset selection"> feature subset selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gene%20selection" title=" gene selection"> gene selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microarray%20data%20analysis." title=" microarray data analysis."> microarray data analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/gene-selection-guided-by-feature-interdependence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> A Combination of Similarity Ranking and Time for Social Research Paper Searching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Jomsri">P. Jomsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays social media are important tools for web resource discovery. The performance and capabilities of web searches are vital, especially search results from social research paper bookmarking. This paper proposes a new algorithm for ranking method that is a combination of similarity ranking with paper posted time or CSTRank. The paper posted time is static ranking for improving search results. For this particular study, the paper posted time is combined with similarity ranking to produce a better ranking than other methods such as similarity ranking or SimRank. The retrieval performance of combination rankings is evaluated using mean values of NDCG. The evaluation in the experiments implies that the chosen CSTRank ranking by using weight score at ratio 90:10 can improve the efficiency of research paper searching on social bookmarking websites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=combination%20ranking" title="combination ranking">combination ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=information%20retrieval" title=" information retrieval"> information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time" title=" time"> time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=similarity%20ranking" title="similarity ranking">similarity ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=static%20ranking" title=" static ranking"> static ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weight%20score" title=" weight score"> weight score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/a-combination-of-similarity-ranking-and-time-for-social-research-paper-searching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1666</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> ED Machining of Particulate Reinforced MMC鈥檚</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarabjeet%20Singh%20Sidhu">Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ajay%20Batish"> Ajay Batish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar"> Sanjeev Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper reports the optimal process conditions for machining of three different types of MMC’s 65vol%SiC/A356.2; 10vol%SiC-5vol%quartz/Al and 30vol%SiC/A359 using PMEDM process. MRR, TWR, SR and surface integrity were evaluated after each trial and contributing process parameters were identified. The four responses were then collectively optimized using TOPSIS and optimal process conditions were identified for each type of MMC. The density of reinforced particles shields the matrix material from spark energy hence the high MRR and SR was observed with lowest reinforced particle. TWR was highest with Cu-Gr electrode due to disintegration of the weakly bonded particles in the composite electrode. Each workpiece was examined for surface integrity and ranked as per severity of surface defects observed and their rankings were used for arriving at the most optimal process settings for each workpiece. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metal%20matrix%20composites%20%28MMCs%29" title="Metal matrix composites (MMCs)">Metal matrix composites (MMCs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Metal%20removal%20rate%20%28MRR%29" title=" Metal removal rate (MRR)"> Metal removal rate (MRR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20roughness%20%28SR%29" title=" Surface roughness (SR)"> Surface roughness (SR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20integrity%20%28SI%29" title=" Surface integrity (SI)"> Surface integrity (SI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tool%20wear%20rate%20%28TWR%29" title=" Tool wear rate (TWR)"> Tool wear rate (TWR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Technique%20for%20order%20preference%20by%20similarity%20to%20ideal%20solution%20%28TOPSIS%29." title=" Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). "> Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/ed-machining-of-particulate-reinforced-mmcs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2878</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Impact of Similarity Ratings on Human Judgement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ian%20A.%20McCulloh">Ian A. McCulloh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madelaine%20Zinser"> Madelaine Zinser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jesse%20Patsolic"> Jesse Patsolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Michael%20Ramos"> Michael Ramos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Recommender systems are a common artificial intelligence (AI) application. For any given input, a search system will return a rank-ordered list of similar items. As users review returned items, they must decide when to halt the search and either revise search terms or conclude their requirement is novel with no similar items in the database. We present a statistically designed experiment that investigates the impact of similarity ratings on human judgement to conclude a search item is novel and halt the search. In the study, 450 participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to render judgement across 12 decision tasks. We find the inclusion of ratings increases the human perception that items are novel. Percent similarity increases novelty discernment when compared with star-rated similarity or the absence of a rating. Ratings reduce the time to decide and improve decision confidence. This suggests that the inclusion of similarity ratings can aid human decision-makers in knowledge search tasks.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ratings" title="Ratings">Ratings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rankings" title=" rankings"> rankings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crowdsourcing" title=" crowdsourcing"> crowdsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=empirical%20studies" title=" empirical studies"> empirical studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=user%20studies" title=" user studies"> user studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=similarity%20measures" title=" similarity measures"> similarity measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=human-centered%20computing" title=" human-centered computing"> human-centered computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=novelty%20in%20information%20retrieval." title=" novelty in information retrieval."> novelty in information retrieval.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/impact-of-similarity-ratings-on-human-judgement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Institutional Foundations of Capitalism and Tourism Management Problems of Countries at the Transition Stage (Case of Georgia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maia%20Margvelashvili">Maia Margvelashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kakhaber%20Cheishvili"> Kakhaber Cheishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ineza%20Vatsadze"> Ineza Vatsadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In Capitalism all economic activity rests upon a set of core institutional foundations, main from which are privately owned capital assets and profit. How these core institutional foundations are working in former soviet countries, in particular in Travel and Tourism Industry of Georgia? The role of Travel and Tourism as a key pillar of economic growth is being increasingly recognized by governments in all regions of the world. For the last few years Georgia succeeded in the World Bank and IFC “Doing Business” rankings. Despite of that, during decades totally different statistical data of the tourism sector were provided by the different State bodies; economic parameters were published few, or not published at all. The frequency and extent of property rights violation in Georgia has repeatedly been the subject of concern for the last decade. Total value of abrogated by the former Georgian Government private property is estimated approximately in US$4-5 billion. Thus, if economic profitability is unknown and property rights are not protected – that means that the main institutional foundations of capitalism in Georgia, are not working properly yet, that cause management problems at all levels of the national Travel and Tourism industry of Georgia.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Institutional%20foundations%20of%20capitalism" title="Institutional foundations of capitalism">Institutional foundations of capitalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tourism%0D%0Amanagement" title=" Tourism management"> Tourism management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Transition%20stage." title=" Transition stage."> Transition stage.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/institutional-foundations-of-capitalism-and-tourism-management-problems-of-countries-at-the-transition-stage-case-of-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Noninvasive Disease Diagnosis through Breath Analysis Using DNA-Functionalized SWNT Sensor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wenjun%20Zhang">Wenjun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yunqing%20Du"> Yunqing Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ming%20L.%20Wang"> Ming L. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Noninvasive diagnostics of diseases via breath analysis has attracted considerable scientific and clinical interest for many years and become more and more promising with the rapid advancements in nanotechnology and biotechnology. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, which are mainly blood borne, particularly provide highly valuable information about individuals’ physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, breath analysis is noninvasive, real-time, painless, and agreeable to patients. We have developed a wireless sensor array based on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) for the detection of a number of physiological indicators in breath. Seven DNA sequences were used to functionalize SWNT sensors to detect trace amount of methanol, benzene, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, acetone, and ethanol, which are indicators of heavy smoking, excessive drinking, and diseases such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and diabetes. Our test results indicated that DNA functionalized SWNT sensors exhibit great selectivity, sensitivity, and repeatability; and different molecules can be distinguished through pattern recognition enabled by this sensor array. Furthermore, the experimental sensing results are consistent with the Molecular Dynamics simulated ssDNAmolecular target interaction rankings. Thus, the DNA-SWNT sensor array has great potential to be applied in chemical or biomolecular detection for the noninvasive diagnostics of diseases and personal health monitoring.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Breath%20analysis" title="Breath analysis">Breath analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DNA-SWNT%20sensor%20array" title=" DNA-SWNT sensor array"> DNA-SWNT sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=noninvasive." title=" noninvasive."> noninvasive.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/noninvasive-disease-diagnosis-through-breath-analysis-using-dna-functionalized-swnt-sensor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2837</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Uncertainty Multiple Criteria Decision Making Analysis for Stealth Combat Aircraft Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil">C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fuzzy set theory and its extensions (intuitionistic fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets, and neutrosophic sets) have been widely used to address imprecision and uncertainty in complex decision-making. However, they may struggle with inherent indeterminacy and inconsistency in real-world situations. This study introduces uncertainty sets as a promising alternative, offering a structured framework for incorporating both types of uncertainty into decision-making processes.This work explores the theoretical foundations and applications of uncertainty sets. A novel decision-making algorithm based on uncertainty set-based proximity measures is developed and demonstrated through a practical application: selecting the most suitable stealth combat aircraft. </p><p>The results highlight the effectiveness of uncertainty sets in ranking alternatives under uncertainty. Uncertainty sets offer several advantages, including structured uncertainty representation, robust ranking mechanisms, and enhanced decision-making capabilities due to their ability to account for ambiguity.Future research directions are also outlined, including <span style="background-color: initial;">comparative analysis with existing MCDM methods under uncertainty, sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of rankings,</span><span style="background-color: initial;">and broader application to various MCDM problems with diverse complexities. By exploring these avenues, uncertainty sets can be </span><span style="background-color: initial;">further established as a valuable tool for navigating uncertainty in complex decision-making scenarios.</span></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Uncertainty%20set" title="Uncertainty set">Uncertainty set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stealth%20combat%20aircraft%20selection%20multiple%20criteria%20decision-making%20analysis" title=" stealth combat aircraft selection multiple criteria decision-making analysis"> stealth combat aircraft selection multiple criteria decision-making analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MCDM" title=" MCDM"> MCDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=uncertainty%20proximity%20analysis" title=" uncertainty proximity analysis"> uncertainty proximity analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/uncertainty-multiple-criteria-decision-making-analysis-for-stealth-combat-aircraft-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Systematic Analysis of Dynamic Association of Health Outcomes with Computer Usage for Office Staff</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaoshu%20Lu">Xiaoshu Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Esa-Pekka%20Takala"> Esa-Pekka Takala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Risto%20Toivonen"> Risto Toivonen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper systematically investigates the timedependent health outcomes for office staff during computer work using the developed mathematical model. The model describes timedependent health outcomes in multiple body regions associated with computer usage. The association is explicitly presented with a doseresponse relationship which is parametrized by body region parameters. Using the developed model we perform extensive investigations of the health outcomes statically and dynamically. We compare the risk body regions and provide various severity rankings of the discomfort rate changes with respect to computer-related workload dynamically for the study population. Application of the developed model reveals a wide range of findings. Such broad spectrum of investigations in a single report literature is lacking. Based upon the model analysis, it is discovered that the highest average severity level of the discomfort exists in neck, shoulder, eyes, shoulder joint/upper arm, upper back, low back and head etc. The biggest weekly changes of discomfort rates are in eyes, neck, head, shoulder, shoulder joint/upper arm and upper back etc. The fastest discomfort rate is found in neck, followed by shoulder, eyes, head, shoulder joint/upper arm and upper back etc. Most of our findings are consistent with the literature, which demonstrates that the developed model and results are applicable and valuable and can be utilized to assess correlation between the amount of computer-related workload and health risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computer-related%20workload" title="Computer-related workload">Computer-related workload</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=health%20outcomes" title=" health outcomes"> health outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dynamic%20association" title=" dynamic association"> dynamic association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dose-response%20relationship" title=" dose-response relationship"> dose-response relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=systematic%20analysis." title=" systematic analysis."> systematic analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/systematic-analysis-of-dynamic-association-of-health-outcomes-with-computer-usage-for-office-staff" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Client Importance and Audit Quality under Civil Law versus Common Law Societies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kelly%20Grani%20Yuen">Kelly Grani Yuen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Accounting scandals and auditing frauds are perceived to be driven by aggressive companies and misrepresentation of audit reports. However, local legal systems and law enforcements may affect the services auditors provide to their ‘important’ clients. Under the civil law and common law jurisdictions, the standard setters, the government, and the regulatory bodies treat cases differently. As such, whether or not different forms of legal systems and extent of law enforcement plays an important role in auditor’s Audit Quality is a question this paper attempts to explore. The paper focuses on the investigation in Asia, where Hong Kong represents the common-law jurisdiction, while Taiwan and China represent the civil law jurisdiction. Only the ten reputable accounting firms are used in this study due to the differences in rankings and establishments of some of the small local audit firms. This will also contribute to the data collected between the years 2007-2013. By focusing on the use of multiple regression based on the dependent (Audit Quality) and independent variables (Client Importance, Law Enforcement, and Press Freedom), six different models are established. Results demonstrate that since different jurisdictions have different legal systems and market regulations, auditor’s treatment on ‘important’ clients will vary. However, with the moderators in place (law enforcement and press freedom), the relationship between client importance and audit quality may be smoothed out. With that in mind, this study contributes to local governments and standard setters’ consideration on legal reform and proper law enforcement in the market. Perhaps, with such modifications on the economic systems, collusion between companies and auditors can finally be put to a halt.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Audit%20quality" title="Audit quality">Audit quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=client%20importance" title=" client importance"> client importance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=jurisdiction" title=" jurisdiction"> jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modified%20audit%20opinions." title=" modified audit opinions."> modified audit opinions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/client-importance-and-audit-quality-under-civil-law-versus-common-law-societies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Multidimensional Performance Tracking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil">C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a model, together with a software tool that implements it, has been developed to determine the performance ratings of employees in an organization operating in the information technology sector using the indicators obtained from employees' online study data. Weighted Sum (WS) Method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method based on multidimensional decision making approach were used in the study. WS and TOPSIS methods provide multidimensional decision making (MDDM) methods that allow all dimensions to be evaluated together considering specific weights, allowing employees to objectively evaluate the problem of online performance tracking. The application of WS and TOPSIS mathematical methods, which can combine alternatives with a large number of dimensions and reach simultaneous solution, has been implemented through an online performance tracking software. In the application of WS and TOPSIS methods, objective dimension weights were calculated by using entropy information (EI) and standard deviation (SD) methods from the data obtained by employees' online performance tracking method, decision matrix was formed by using performance scores for each employee, and a single performance score was calculated for each employee. Based on the calculated performance score, employees were given a performance evaluation decision. The results of Pareto set evidence and comparative mathematical analysis validate that employees' performance preference rankings in WS and TOPSIS methods are closely related. This suggests the compatibility, applicability, and validity of the proposed method to the MDDM problems in which a large number of alternative and dimension types are taken into account. With this study, an objective, realistic, feasible and understandable mathematical method, together with a software tool that implements it has been demonstrated. This is considered to be preferable because of the subjectivity, limitations and high cost of the methods traditionally used in the measurement and performance appraisal in the information technology sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weighted%20sum" title="Weighted sum">Weighted sum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=entropy%20%C4%B1nformation" title=" entropy 谋nformation"> entropy 谋nformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=standard%20deviation" title=" standard deviation"> standard deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=online%20performance%20tracking" title=" online performance tracking"> online performance tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20evaluation" title=" performance evaluation"> performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20management" title=" performance management"> performance management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multidimensional%20decision%20making." title=" multidimensional decision making."> multidimensional decision making.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/multidimensional-performance-tracking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Significance of Cultural Risks for Western Consultants Executing Gulf Cooperation Council Megaprojects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alan%20Walsh">Alan Walsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20Walker"> Peter Walker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Differences in commercial, professional and personal cultural traditions between western consultants and project sponsors in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region are potentially significant in the workplace, and this can impact on project outcomes. These cultural differences can, for example, result in conflict amongst senior managers, which can negatively impact the megaproject. New entrants to the GCC often experience ‘culture shock’ as they attempt to integrate into their unfamiliar environments. Megaprojects are unique ventures with individual project characteristics, which need to be considered when managing their associated risks. Megaproject research to date has mostly ignored the significance of the absence of cultural congruence in the GCC, which is surprising considering that there are large volumes of megaprojects in various stages of construction in the GCC. An initial step to dealing with cultural issues is to acknowledge culture as a significant risk factor (SRF). This paper seeks to understand the criticality for western consultants to address these risks. It considers the cultural barriers that exist between GCC sponsors and western consultants and examines the cultural distance between the key actors. Initial findings suggest the presence to a certain extent of ethnocentricity. Other cultural clashes arise out of a lack of appreciation of the customs, practices and traditions of ‘the Other’, such as the need for avoiding public humiliation and the hierarchal significance rankings. The concept and significance of cultural shock as part of the integration process for new arrivals are considered. Culture shock describes the state of anxiety and frustration resulting from the immersion in a culture distinctly different from one's own. There are potentially substantial project risks associated with underestimating the process of cultural integration. This paper examines two distinct but intertwined issues: the societal and professional culture differences associated with expatriate assignments. A case study examines the cultural congruences between GCC sponsors and American, British and German consultants, over a ten-year cycle. This provides indicators as to which nationalities encountered the most profound cultural issues and the nature of these. GCC megaprojects are typically intensive fast track demanding ventures, where consultant turnover is high. The study finds that building trust-filled relationships is key to successful project team integration and therefore, to successful megaproject execution. Findings indicate that both professional and social inclusion processes have steep learning curves. Traditional risk management practice is to approach any uncertainty in a structured way to mitigate the potential impact on project outcomes. This research highlights cultural risk as a significant factor in the management of GCC megaprojects. These risks arising from high staff turnover typically include loss of project knowledge, delays to the project, cost and disruption in replacing staff. This paper calls for cultural risk to be recognised as an SRF, as the first step to developing risk management strategies, and to reduce staff turnover for western consultants in GCC megaprojects.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Western%20consultants%20in%20megaprojects" title="Western consultants in megaprojects">Western consultants in megaprojects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=national%20culture%20impacts%20on%20GCC%20Megaprojects" title=" national culture impacts on GCC Megaprojects"> national culture impacts on GCC Megaprojects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=significant%20risk%20factors%20in%20megaprojects" title=" significant risk factors in megaprojects"> significant risk factors in megaprojects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=professional%20culture%20in%20megaprojects." title=" professional culture in megaprojects."> professional culture in megaprojects.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/the-significance-of-cultural-risks-for-western-consultants-executing-gulf-cooperation-council-megaprojects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">674</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a 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