CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Brown bullhead - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d9c6b09b-0f0c-4b1b-854a-73a027ae0d06","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Brown_bullhead","wgTitle":"Brown bullhead","wgCurRevisionId":1237778192,"wgRevisionId":1237778192,"wgArticleId":1174663,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from June 2020","Articles with 'species' microformats","Articles containing Ojibwe-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024","All articles that may contain original research","Articles that may contain original research from July 2020", "Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022","Commons link from Wikidata","Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs","IUCN Red List least concern species","Ameiurus","Freshwater fish of the United States","Fish of Canada","Fish of the Eastern United States","Fish of the Great Lakes","Freshwater fish of the Southeastern United States","Fish described in 1819","Freshwater fish of New Zealand","Taxa named by Charles Alexandre Lesueur"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Brown_bullhead","wgRelevantArticleId":1174663,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q833957","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles": "ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="792"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="528"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg/640px-Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="422"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Brown bullhead - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_bullhead"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_bullhead"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Brown_bullhead rootpage-Brown_bullhead skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brown+bullhead" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brown+bullhead" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brown+bullhead" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brown+bullhead" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_cycle_and_reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_cycle_and_reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Life cycle and reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_cycle_and_reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_an_invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_an_invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>As an invasive species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_an_invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Predation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown bullhead</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сомік амерыканскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сомік амерыканскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Американски сом – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Американски сом" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dourc%27hast" title="Dourc'hast – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dourc'hast" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peix_gat_bru" title="Peix gat bru – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peix gat bru" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sume%C4%8Dek_americk%C3%BD" title="Sumeček americký – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sumeček americký" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katzenwels" title="Katzenwels – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katzenwels" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D9%82%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="گاوسر قهوه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاوسر قهوه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbotte_brune" title="Barbotte brune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barbotte brune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rpeharcsa" title="Törpeharcsa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törpeharcsa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86)" title="بلهدد بنى (كائن) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلهدد بنى (كائن)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruine_dwergmeerval" title="Bruine dwergmeerval – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bruine dwergmeerval" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergmalle" title="Dvergmalle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dvergmalle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergmalle" title="Dvergmalle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dvergmalle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumik_kar%C5%82owaty" title="Sumik karłowaty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sumik karłowaty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somn_pitic" title="Somn pitic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Somn pitic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Американский сомик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американский сомик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Терпан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Терпан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piikkimonni" title="Piikkimonni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piikkimonni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dv%C3%A4rgmal" title="Dvärgmal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dvärgmal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сомик коричневий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сомик коричневий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" title="Ameiurus nebulosus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ameiurus nebulosus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E6%96%91%E9%AE%B0" title="雲斑鮰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雲斑鮰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q833957#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brown_bullhead" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Brown_bullhead" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brown_bullhead"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brown_bullhead"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Brown_bullhead" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Brown_bullhead" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&oldid=1237778192" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Brown_bullhead&id=1237778192&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrown_bullhead"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrown_bullhead"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Brown_bullhead&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q833957" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">North American catfish species</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Brown bullhead </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg/220px-Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg/330px-Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg/440px-Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="485" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ameiurus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Siluriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ictaluridae" title="Ictaluridae">Ictaluridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameiurus" title="Ameiurus"><i>Ameiurus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. nebulosus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Lesueur</a>, 1819)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Ictalurus nebulosus</i> <small>(Lesueur, 1819) </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus nebulosus</i> <small>Lesueur, 1819 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus dekayi</i> <small>Girard, 1859 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus atrarius</i> <small>DeKay, 1842 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus felis</i> <small>Agassiz, 1850 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus hoyi</i> <small>Girard, 1859 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus marmoratus</i> <small>Holbrook, 1855 </small></li><li><i>Amiurus mispilliensis</i> <small>Cope, 1870 </small></li><li><i>Gronias nigrilabris</i> <small>Cope, 1864 </small></li><li><i>Ictalurus nebulosus pannonicus</i> <small>Harka & Pinter, 1990 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus pullus</i> <small>DeKay, 1842 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus vulgaris</i> <small>Thompson, 1842 </small></li><li><i>Pimelodus vulpeculus</i> <small>Girard, 1859 </small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>brown bullhead</b> (<i><b>Ameiurus nebulosus</b></i>) is a fish of the family <a href="/wiki/Ictaluridae" title="Ictaluridae">Ictaluridae</a> that is widely distributed in North America. It is a species of <a href="/wiki/Ameiurus" title="Ameiurus">bullhead catfish</a> and is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Black_bullhead" title="Black bullhead">black bullhead</a> (<i>Ameiurus melas</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_bullhead" title="Yellow bullhead">yellow bullhead</a> (<i>Ameiurus natalis</i>). It was originally described as <i>Pimelodus nebulosus</i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Charles Alexandre Lesueur</a> in 1819, and is also referred to as <i>Ictalurus nebulosus</i>. </p><p>The brown bullhead is also widely known as the "mud pout", "horned pout", "hornpout", or simply "mud cat", a name also used with the other bullhead species. </p><p>The brown bullhead is important as a <a href="/wiki/Totem" title="Totem">clan symbol</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibwe people">Ojibwe people</a>. In their tradition, the bullhead or <span title="Ojibwe-language text"><i lang="oj">wawaazisii</i></span> is one of six beings that came out of the sea to form the original clans.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The brown bullhead grows to be approximately 21 inches (53 cm) in length<sup id="cite_ref-Petersons_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersons-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a darker brown-green dorsally, growing lighter green and yellow towards the ventral surface. The belly is off-white or cream, and the fish has no scales.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, there are darker, brown-black speckles along the entire surface of the fish. The brown bullhead has a dorsal fin that bears a spine,<sup id="cite_ref-mdoc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdoc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a single <a href="/wiki/Adipose_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Adipose fin">adipose fin</a> posterior to the dorsal fin, abdominal <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_fin" title="Pelvic fin">pelvic fins</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Anal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal fin">anal fin</a> with 21 to 24 rays. The tail is only slightly notched, with the dorsal and ventral lobes angling inward. The pectoral fins have spines that bear five to eight serrated teeth on their posterior edge.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fish has eight <a href="/wiki/Barbels" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbels">barbels</a> around its mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The barbels on the chin are black to yellowish brown.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juvenile brown bullheads are similar in appearance, but are more likely to be of a single solid color.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The brown bullhead's mouth is terminal<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or slightly <a href="/wiki/Fish_anatomy#Head" title="Fish anatomy">subterminal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the upper jaw projecting slightly past the lower jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-mdoc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdoc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This position enables <a href="/wiki/Bottom-feeding_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom-feeding fish">bottom feeding</a>. The brown bullhead may be distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Flathead_catfish" title="Flathead catfish">flathead catfish</a> (<i>Pylodictis olivaris</i>) by the absence of lateral posterior extensions on the <a href="/wiki/Fish_jaw#Teeth" title="Fish jaw">tooth patch</a> of the brown bullhead's upper jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult brown bullheads range in size from 200 to 500 mm (7.9 to 19.7 in) and weigh between 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) and 3.6 kg (7.9 lb) (in extreme cases).<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown bullheads are <a href="/wiki/Ectothermic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ectothermic">ectothermic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heterothermic" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterothermic">heterothermic</a>, and bilaterally symmetrical.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown bullheads can be distinguished from black and yellow bullheads by their yellow-black chin barbels, the absence of a hypopigmented bar at the base of the tail (which is present in black bullheads), and their 21–24 anal fin rays.<sup id="cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisconsin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The native range of the brown bullhead is in the Atlantic and Gulf Slope <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainages</a>. More specifically, it is found from <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Bay,_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Bay, Alabama">Mobile Bay, Alabama</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin" title="Great Lakes Basin">Great Lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> basins (from <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> to <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, south to Louisiana, and west to Texas).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is evidence that the brown bullhead was historically absent from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a> west of the <a href="/wiki/Apalachicola_River" title="Apalachicola River">Apalachicola River</a> and east of the Mississippi River. The species is also abundant in many regions as a result of <a href="/wiki/Fish_stocking" title="Fish stocking">stocking for food or sport</a>. These locations include Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Virginia, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown bullheads are a social non-migratory species that are known to form <a href="/wiki/School_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="School (biology)">schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The brown bullhead thrives in a variety of habitats, including lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams with low oxygen or muddy conditions. In many areas of the United States, brown bullheads are opportunistic bottom feeders. The species has few natural predators and is not popular with anglers in most areas (albeit very popular in some such as the <a href="/wiki/Oneida_Lake" title="Oneida Lake">Oneida Lake</a> area of Upstate New York, where it is featured each spring by local restaurants<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>), so it has thrived. Catfish are found in a variety of habitats, from lakes or murky ponds to <a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">drainage ditches</a>. They are scarce during the day, but come out at night to feed, searching the bottom of a lake or river for food.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They eat insects, <a href="/wiki/Leech" title="Leech">leeches</a>, snails, fish, clams, and many plants. They are also known to eat corn, which can be used as bait. Similarly to other catfish, they <a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">spawn</a> only after the temperature of the water has reached 80 °F (27 °C) in June and July. However, cooler temperatures are required before brown bullheads will spawn in the northern US. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ictalurus_nebulosus_GLERL_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ictalurus_nebulosus_GLERL_1.jpg/220px-Ictalurus_nebulosus_GLERL_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ictalurus_nebulosus_GLERL_1.jpg/330px-Ictalurus_nebulosus_GLERL_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ictalurus_nebulosus_GLERL_1.jpg/440px-Ictalurus_nebulosus_GLERL_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Brown bullhead, <i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i></figcaption></figure><p> Brown bullheads can withstand a wide range of water temperatures and low oxygen levels. Brown bullheads can survive waters with heavy pollution and <a href="/wiki/Dissolved_Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolved Oxygen">dissolved oxygen</a> values as low as 0.2<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of bullheads' tolerance of low oxygen levels, they are less threatened by <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/winterkill" class="extiw" title="wikt:winterkill">winterkill</a> and are capable of surviving in relatively extreme environments.<sup id="cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Species_Profile-_Bullheads-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fishing">Fishing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This catfish is easily caught with natural bait such as worms and chicken <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">livers</a>. They have a scrappy but not unusually strong fight. <a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Anglers</a> often catch them by fishing off the bottom. When caught in very clear water when the flesh is firm and reddish to pinkish, the hornpout is quite edible and delicious.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (July 2020)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> Nevertheless, its genial cousins such as the <a href="/wiki/Channel_catfish" title="Channel catfish">channel catfish</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Blue_catfish" title="Blue catfish">blue catfish</a> are better known for their use as food. In most areas, they will not exceed two pounds in weight, with a current <a href="/wiki/International_Game_Fish_Association" title="International Game Fish Association">International Game Fish Association</a> world record of 7.375 pounds (3.345 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_cycle_and_reproduction">Life cycle and reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life cycle and reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roe_Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roe_Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg/220px-Roe_Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roe_Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg/330px-Roe_Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roe_Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg/440px-Roe_Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption>Brown bullhead <a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">roe</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Brown bullheads typically live between six and eight years,<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but have been recorded as old as fifteen in captivity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The species spawns between April and June.<sup id="cite_ref-chesbayprogram_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chesbayprogram-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the duration of each breeding season, females will be monogamous.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no consistent behaviors of mate attraction. The females lay eggs in dark locations such as under rocks and inside logs,<sup id="cite_ref-chesbayprogram_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chesbayprogram-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they are <a href="/wiki/External_fertilization" title="External fertilization">externally fertilized</a> by the male.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fish face opposite one another during the fertilization process. Nests are primarily created by females, but the eggs are protected by both sexes. An egg cluster in a nest may contain between 50 and 10,000 eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eggs usually take six days to hatch, but may take up to 13 days. Both parents generally care for their offspring for an additional five days after the eggs hatch.<sup id="cite_ref-mdoc_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdoc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young are kept in a school by a parent for up to one month. They will remain in schools as juveniles.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brown bullheads, both male and female, will reach sexual maturity around age three.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown bullheads have occasionally been recorded eating their own eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase.org_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_an_invasive_species">As an invasive species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As an invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fish has been introduced into many European countries, such as Poland, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Romania, Estonia, Hungary, Serbia, and Croatia. Brown bullheads have also been introduced to western North America, Chile, Puerto Rico and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><p> Countries who have reported adverse effects from the introduction of the brown bullhead species include Iran and Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase.org_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brown bullheads are <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">omnivorous</a> benthic bottom feeders. Their diet consists of algae, leeches, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects, crayfish, other smaller fish species and fish eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown bullheads are typically nocturnal feeders, but have been reported to feed diurnally. Bullheads have poor eyesight and are heavily reliant on their sensitive barbels to locate their food.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fish are omnivorous and will reportedly eat almost anything that fits in their mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Species_Profile-_Bullheads-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predation">Predation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Predation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brown bullheads are the most susceptible to predators in their developmental stages, primarily as eggs. They are prey to the following species: <a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">northern pike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskellunge" title="Muskellunge">muskellunge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">walleye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snapping_turtles" class="mw-redirect" title="Snapping turtles">snapping turtles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_snakes_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water snakes (disambiguation) (page does not exist)">water snakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_herons" class="mw-redirect" title="Green herons">green herons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_perch" title="Yellow perch">yellow perch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_sunfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater sunfish">sunfish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, brown bullheads are used for small-scale commercial fishing, recreational fishing, and more specifically for consumption and research. Predation by other fish and coexisting species is only a realistic threat to bullheads under four inches, while the biggest threat to adult bullheads is humans. Brown bullheads have <a href="/wiki/Protective_coloration" class="mw-redirect" title="Protective coloration">protective coloration</a> to avoid predation.<sup id="cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Species_Profile-_Bullheads-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a mode of physical defense against predators, bullhead species have a sharp spine on the leading edge of their dorsal and pectoral fins. To use this adaptation as a defense mechanism, bullheads <a href="/wiki/Catfish#Physical_characteristics" title="Catfish">will stiffen the spine</a> while being attacked, impeding the predator's ability to swallow while simultaneously releasing a venom to sting and burn the predator.<sup id="cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Species_Profile-_Bullheads-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brown bullheads hold no special status on the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature_and_Natural_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources">International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources</a>, the United States Endangered Species Program, or under the <a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> appendix.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown bullheads can tolerate very low dissolved oxygen levels that result from industrial and domestic pollution, aiding in their overall high rate of survivorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Guth_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown bullheads are the most abundant species in many lakes and streams across the continent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Missouri, the brown bullhead is listed as a Species of Conservation Concern and is threatened by <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>, particularly the drainage of swamps in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bootheel" title="Missouri Bootheel">Missouri Bootheel</a> for conversion into farmland.<sup id="cite_ref-mdoc_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdoc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullhead_catfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullhead catfish">Bullhead catfish</a> (general)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_fish" title="Rough fish">Rough fish</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNatureServe2013" class="citation journal cs1">NatureServe (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/202676/2746713">"<i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2013</b>: e.T202676A2746713. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202676A2746713.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202676A2746713.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Ameiurus+nebulosus&rft.volume=2013&rft.pages=e.T202676A2746713&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202676A2746713.en&rft.au=NatureServe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F202676%2F2746713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrickeEschmeyerVan_der_Laan2023" class="citation web cs1">Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Van der Laan, R., eds. (February 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp">"Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span> – via California Academy of Sciences.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eschmeyer%27s+Catalog+of+Fishes%3A+Genera%2C+Species%2C+References&rft.date=2023-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearcharchive.calacademy.org%2Fresearch%2Fichthyology%2Fcatalog%2Ffishcatmain.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125152230/http://www.glifwc.org/pub/fall99/clansystem.htm">"Ojibwe clan systems: A cultural connection to the natural world"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glifwc.org/pub/fall99/clansystem.htm">the original</a> on November 25, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ojibwe+clan+systems%3A+A+cultural+connection+to+the+natural+world&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glifwc.org%2Fpub%2Ffall99%2Fclansystem.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petersons-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petersons_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPageBurr1990" class="citation book cs1">Page, L.; Burr, B. (1990). <i>Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peterson+field+guide+to+freshwater+fishes+of+North+America+north+of+Mexico&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Burr%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wisconsin-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wisconsin_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421093639/http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=605&FishID=29">"Brown Bullhead"</a>. University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=605&FishID=29">the original</a> on April 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brown+Bullhead&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Sea+Grant+Institute&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seagrant.wisc.edu%2Fhome%2FDefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D605%26FishID%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mdoc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mdoc_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdoc_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdoc_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdoc_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/brown-bullhead">"Brown Bullhead"</a>. <i>Missouri Department of Conservation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Missouri+Department+of+Conservation&rft.atitle=Brown+Bullhead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmdc.mo.gov%2Fdiscover-nature%2Ffield-guide%2Fbrown-bullhead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fish/catfish/ictaluridae/brown-bullhead/">"Brown Bullhead"</a>. <i>Florida Museum</i>. University of Florida. October 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Museum&rft.atitle=Brown+Bullhead&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.floridamuseum.ufl.edu%2Ffish%2Fcatfish%2Fictaluridae%2Fbrown-bullhead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guth-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guth_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuth2011" class="citation web cs1">Guth, Rachael (2011). Sterling, Rachelle; Leonard, Jill; Dewey, Tanya (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Ameiurus_nebulosus/">"Brown catfish <i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i>"</a>. <i>BioKIDS</i>. Animal Diversity Web<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BioKIDS&rft.atitle=Brown+catfish+Ameiurus+nebulosus&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Guth&rft.aufirst=Rachael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biokids.umich.edu%2Fcritters%2FAmeiurus_nebulosus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220051918/http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10364_18958-45648--,00.html">"Brown Bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus"</a>. Michigan Department of Natural Resources. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10364_18958-45648--,00.html">the original</a> on February 20, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brown+Bullhead%2C+Ameiurus+nebulosus&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+Natural+Resources&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fdnr%2F0%2C4570%2C7-153-10364_18958-45648--%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fish/catfish/ictaluridae/flathead-catfish/">"Flathead Catfish"</a>. <i>Florida Museum</i>. University of Florida. October 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Museum&rft.atitle=Flathead+Catfish&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.floridamuseum.ufl.edu%2Ffish%2Fcatfish%2Fictaluridae%2Fflathead-catfish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraigVaughnRuppelBonner2015" class="citation journal cs1">Craig, Cody A.; Vaughn, Christopher R.; Ruppel, David S.; Bonner, Timothy H. (June 1, 2015). "Occurrence of Ameiurus nebulosus (Brown Bullhead) in Texas". <i>Southeastern Naturalist</i>. <b>14</b> (2): N35–N37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1656%2F058.014.0213">10.1656/058.014.0213</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1528-7092">1528-7092</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85713384">85713384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeastern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Ameiurus+nebulosus+%28Brown+Bullhead%29+in+Texas&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=N35-N37&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85713384%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1528-7092&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1656%2F058.014.0213&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Cody+A.&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+Christopher+R.&rft.au=Ruppel%2C+David+S.&rft.au=Bonner%2C+Timothy+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=734">"Ameiurus nebulosus"</a>. USGS=April 20, 2017. May 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ameiurus+nebulosus&rft.pub=USGS%3DApril+20%2C+2017&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnas.er.usgs.gov%2Fqueries%2FFactSheet.aspx%3FspeciesID%3D734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Brown Bullhead Catfish." Aliens Among Us. N.p., n.d. Web. October 27, 2014. <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/brown-bullhead-catfish">http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/brown-bullhead-catfish</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120408211934/http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/brown-bullhead-catfish#">Archived</a> April 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Species_Profile-_Bullheads-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Species_Profile-_Bullheads_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/minnaqua/speciesprofile/bullheads.html">"Species Profile- Bullheads"</a>. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Profile-+Bullheads&rft.pub=Minnesota+Department+of+Natural+Resources&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnr.state.mn.us%2Fminnaqua%2Fspeciesprofile%2Fbullheads.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igfa.org/igfa-world-records-search/?search_type=ScientificName&search_term_1=Ameiurus&search_term_2=nebulosus">"IGFA All-Tackle World Records: Brown Bullhead"</a>. <i>International Game Fish Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722234920/https://igfa.org/igfa-world-records-search/?search_type=ScientificName&search_term_1=Ameiurus&search_term_2=nebulosus">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Game+Fish+Association&rft.atitle=IGFA+All-Tackle+World+Records%3A+Brown+Bullhead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Figfa.org%2Figfa-world-records-search%2F%3Fsearch_type%3DScientificName%26search_term_1%3DAmeiurus%26search_term_2%3Dnebulosus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chesbayprogram-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chesbayprogram_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chesbayprogram_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/entry/brown-bullhead">"Brown Bullhead"</a>. <i>Chesapeake Bay Program</i>. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chesapeake+Bay+Program&rft.atitle=Brown+Bullhead&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesapeakebay.net%2Fdiscover%2Ffield-guide%2Fentry%2Fbrown-bullhead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fishbase.org-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase.org_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishbase.org_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/3022">"Ameirus nebulosus: Brown Bullhead"</a>. fishbase.org. 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ameirus+nebulosus%3A+Brown+Bullhead&rft.pub=fishbase.org&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2F3022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=612&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN">"Ictalurus nebulosus"</a>. ISSG. April 11, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ictalurus+nebulosus&rft.pub=ISSG&rft.date=2006-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issg.org%2Fdatabase%2Fspecies%2Fecology.asp%3Fsi%3D612%26fr%3D1%26sts%3Dsss%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesapeakebay.net/fieldguide/critter/brown_bullhead">"Brown Bullhead"</a>. Chesapeake Bay Program. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brown+Bullhead&rft.pub=Chesapeake+Bay+Program&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesapeakebay.net%2Ffieldguide%2Fcritter%2Fbrown_bullhead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" class="extiw" title="commons:Ameiurus nebulosus"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Ameiurus nebulosus</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ameiurus nebulosus">Ameiurus nebulosus</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Ameiurus&speciesname=nebulosus">"<i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. February 2007 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Ameiurus+nebulosus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DAmeiurus%26speciesname%3Dnebulosus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrown+bullhead" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100503215918/http://www.catfish-and-more.com/berichte-1/bericht-katzenwelse-sind-gar-nicht-so"><i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i></a>, German language; originally published in: Datz-Aquarienpraxis 11/2004, S. 10f.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833957" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q833957">Q833957</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ameiurus_nebulosus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ameiurus nebulosus">Ameiurus nebulosus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ameiurus_nebulosus/">Ameiurus_nebulosus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id15708">15708</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CQKG">CQKG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/995106">995106</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/14647">14647</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:304644">304644</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/b19797c0-d8cf-4af3-9e5b-ca2d13e575b0">b19797c0-d8cf-4af3-9e5b-ca2d13e575b0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.ca/summary/3022">3022</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2340989">2340989</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" title="Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=612">612</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/58654">58654</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10152149">10152149</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/94468">94468</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=164043">164043</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/202676">202676</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NAS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=734">734</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103081/">2.103081</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0021164286">NHMSYS0021164286</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=27778">27778</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/932daddb-57c8-4cc4-a7ec-985458fd2b8e">932daddb-57c8-4cc4-a7ec-985458fd2b8e</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/2095/">2095</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=804481">804481</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154370">154370</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833957#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007292434805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&oldid=1237778192">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&oldid=1237778192</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List least concern species">IUCN Red List least concern species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ameiurus" title="Category:Ameiurus">Ameiurus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freshwater_fish_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Freshwater fish of the United States">Freshwater fish of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_of_Canada" title="Category:Fish of Canada">Fish of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_of_the_Eastern_United_States" title="Category:Fish of the Eastern United States">Fish of the Eastern United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="Category:Fish of the Great Lakes">Fish of the Great Lakes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freshwater_fish_of_the_Southeastern_United_States" title="Category:Freshwater fish of the Southeastern United States">Freshwater fish of the Southeastern United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_described_in_1819" title="Category:Fish described in 1819">Fish described in 1819</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freshwater_fish_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Freshwater fish of New Zealand">Freshwater fish of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Category:Taxa named by Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Taxa named by Charles Alexandre Lesueur</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2020">Use mdy dates from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ojibwe-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ojibwe-language text">Articles containing Ojibwe-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from July 2020">Articles that may contain original research from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_20%E2%80%9324_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs">Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 July 2024, at 12:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brown_bullhead&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-ldj69","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.994","walltime":"1.238","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9449,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":80358,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10971,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":28,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":84980,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":24,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1144.043 1 -total"," 26.60% 304.309 1 Template:Speciesbox"," 26.12% 298.802 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 21.94% 251.005 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 17.28% 197.656 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.94% 102.297 1 Template:Lang"," 7.74% 88.591 1 Template:Cite_iucn"," 5.63% 64.447 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.47% 62.532 15 Template:Cite_web"," 4.22% 48.255 3 Template:Citation_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.718","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17579517,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-5lcs4","timestamp":"20241124124243","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Brown bullhead","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brown_bullhead","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q833957","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q833957","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-16T04:47:16Z","dateModified":"2024-07-31T12:16:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b4\/Ameiurus_nebulosus.jpg","headline":"species of fish"}</script> </body> </html>