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href="#Incorporation_in_the_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Incorporation in the Constitution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Incorporation_in_the_Constitution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Incorporation in the Constitution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Incorporation_in_the_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1979" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1979"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1979</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1979-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1989" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1989"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1989</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1989-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist_(Velayat-e_faqih)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist_(Velayat-e_faqih)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Velayat-e faqih)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist_(Velayat-e_faqih)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions,_powers,_and_duties_of_the_Supreme_Leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions,_powers,_and_duties_of_the_Supreme_Leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Functions, powers, and duties of the Supreme Leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functions,_powers,_and_duties_of_the_Supreme_Leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Supreme_Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Supreme_Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of Supreme Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Supreme_Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_Supreme_Leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_Supreme_Leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vice Supreme Leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_Supreme_Leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Future leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Supreme Leader of Iran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="المرشد الأعلى للثورة الإسلامية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المرشد الأعلى للثورة الإسلامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ираналъул тӀадегӀанав бетӀер – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ираналъул тӀадегӀанав бетӀер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran%C4%B1n_Ali_R%C9%99hb%C9%99ri" title="İranın Ali Rəhbəri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İranın Ali Rəhbəri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ইরানের সর্বোচ্চ নেতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরানের সর্বোচ্চ নেতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рахбар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рахбар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Върховен водач на Иран – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Върховен водач на Иран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADder_suprem_de_l%27Iran" title="Líder suprem de l'Iran – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Líder suprem de l'Iran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinatas-ang_Dako-dako_sa_Iran" title="Kinatas-ang Dako-dako sa Iran – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kinatas-ang Dako-dako sa Iran" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nejvy%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%AD_v%C5%AFdce_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu" title="Nejvyšší vůdce Íránu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nejvyšší vůdce Íránu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irans_religi%C3%B8se_leder" title="Irans religiøse leder – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Irans religiøse leder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberster_F%C3%BChrer_(Iran)" title="Oberster Führer (Iran) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oberster Führer (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraani_k%C3%B5rgeim_juht" title="Iraani kõrgeim juht – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraani kõrgeim juht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%97%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%99%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ανώτατος Ηγέτης του Ιράν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανώτατος Ηγέτης του Ιράν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADder_supremo_de_Ir%C3%A1n" title="Líder supremo de Irán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Líder supremo de Irán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plej_supera_gvidanto_de_Irano" title="Plej supera gvidanto de Irano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plej supera gvidanto de Irano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رهبر جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رهبر جمهوری اسلامی ایران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_de_la_R%C3%A9volution" title="Guide de la Révolution – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guide de la Révolution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%9D%90%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4" title="라흐바르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라흐바르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="ईरान का सर्वोच्च नेता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईरान का सर्वोच्च नेता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemimpin_Agung_Iran" title="Pemimpin Agung Iran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemimpin Agung Iran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%C3%B0sti_lei%C3%B0togi_%C3%8Drans" title="Æðsti leiðtogi Írans – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Æðsti leiðtogi Írans" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guida_suprema_dell%27Iran" title="Guida suprema dell'Iran – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guida suprema dell'Iran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%99%D7%92_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="המנהיג העליון של איראן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המנהיג העליון של איראן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinan_Tertinggi_Iran" title="Pimpinan Tertinggi Iran – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pimpinan Tertinggi Iran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Иран жоғарғы көсемі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иран жоғарғы көсемі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irano_auk%C5%A1%C4%8Diausiasis_vadovas" title="Irano aukščiausiasis vadovas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Irano aukščiausiasis vadovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n_legfels%C5%91bb_vezet%C5%91je" title="Irán legfelsőbb vezetője – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irán legfelsőbb vezetője" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Врховен водач на Иран – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Врховен водач на Иран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇറാന്റെ പരമോന്നത നേതാവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇറാന്റെ പരമോന്നത നേതാവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="المرشد الاعلى للثوره الاسلاميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المرشد الاعلى للثوره الاسلاميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemimpin_Agung_Iran" title="Pemimpin Agung Iran – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemimpin Agung Iran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoogste_leider_van_Iran" title="Hoogste leider van Iran – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoogste leider van Iran" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%8C%87%E5%B0%8E%E8%80%85" title="イランの最高指導者 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イランの最高指導者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irans_%C3%B8verste_leder" title="Irans øverste leder – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Irans øverste leder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eron_Oliy_Rahbari" title="Eron Oliy Rahbari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eron Oliy Rahbari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%81%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رہبر معظم ایران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رہبر معظم ایران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najwy%C5%BCsi_przyw%C3%B3dcy_Iranu" title="Najwyżsi przywódcy Iranu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Najwyżsi przywódcy Iranu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADder_Supremo_do_Ir%C3%A3o" title="Líder Supremo do Irão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Líder Supremo do Irão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Высший руководитель Ирана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Высший руководитель Ирана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supreme Leader of Iran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%B1" title="ايران جا سپريم ليڊر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايران جا سپريم ليڊر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrhovni_voditelj_Islamske_republike_Iran" title="Vrhovni voditelj Islamske republike Iran – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vrhovni voditelj Islamske republike Iran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڕێبەری کۆماری ئیسلامیی ئێران – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێبەری کۆماری ئیسلامیی ئێران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Врховни вођа Ирана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Врховни вођа Ирана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranin_hengellinen_johtaja" title="Iranin hengellinen johtaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iranin hengellinen johtaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irans_h%C3%B6gste_ledare" title="Irans högste ledare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Irans högste ledare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataas-taasang_Pinuno_ng_Iran" title="Kataas-taasang Pinuno ng Iran – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kataas-taasang Pinuno ng Iran" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈரானின் அதியுயர் தலைவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈரானின் அதியுயர் தலைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ผู้นำสูงสุดอิหร่าน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้นำสูงสุดอิหร่าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Раҳбари олии Эрон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Раҳбари олии Эрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ran_y%C3%BCce_lideri" title="İran yüce lideri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İran yüce lideri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Верховний лідер Ірану – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Верховний лідер Ірану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%81%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رہبر معظم ایران – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رہبر معظم ایران" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3nh_t%E1%BB%A5_T%E1%BB%91i_cao_Iran" title="Lãnh tụ Tối cao Iran – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lãnh tụ Tối cao Iran" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="伊朗最高領袖 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊朗最高領袖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="伊朗最高领袖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊朗最高领袖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of state of Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rahbar" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rahbar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rahbar (disambiguation)">Rahbar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Supreme Leader of the<br />Islamic Republic of Iran</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی ایران</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/180px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/240px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Iran" title="Emblem of Iran">Emblem of Iran</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/144px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/216px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/288px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iran" title="Flag of Iran">Flag of Iran</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Khamenei_14031102_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="1999" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a><br /></div>since 4 June 1989</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran">Office of the Supreme Leader</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a><br />Provisional<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>head of the three branches of the state (the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jamaran_Hussainiya" title="Jamaran Hussainiya">Jamaran Hussainiya</a> (<i>former</i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran">House of Leadership</a> (<i>present</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Life_tenure" title="Life tenure">Life tenure</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iran" title="Constitution of Iran">Constitution of Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shah_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah of Iran">Shah of Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">5 February 1979 as Revolutionary Leader<br />3 December 1979 as Supreme Leader</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unofficial names</th><td class="infobox-data">Revolutionary Leader from 5 February 1979 until 3 December 1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office wasn't established until 10 November 1985</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ayatollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ayatollah">Grand Ayatollah</a> <a href="/wiki/Hussein-Ali_Montazeri" title="Hussein-Ali Montazeri">Hussein-Ali Montazeri</a> (10 November 1985 – 13 March 1989)<br /><i>Office abolished since 13 March 1989</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leader.ir/en">www.leader.ir</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Politics of Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/135px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/203px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_Iran.svg/270px-Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Islamic Republic of Iran">Government of Islamic Republic of Iran</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Leadership</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Leader</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Assembly_of_Experts" title="List of chairmen of the Assembly of Experts">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Ali_Movahedi_Kermani" title="Mohammad-Ali Movahedi Kermani">Mohammad-Ali Movahedi Kermani</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Iran" title="List of presidents of Iran">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Masoud Pezeshkian</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Iran#First_Vice_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Iran">First Vice President</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Iran#List" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Iran">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Aref" title="Mohammad Reza Aref">Mohammad Reza Aref</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Supervisor of <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Iran" title="Presidential Administration of Iran">Presidential Administration</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Haji-Mirzaei" title="Mohsen Haji-Mirzaei">Mohsen Haji-Mirzaei</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Iran" title="Cabinet of Iran">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Government of Masoud Pezeshkian">Government of Masoud Pezeshkian</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Iran" title="Legislature of Iran">Legislative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Islamic Consultative Assembly</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the Parliament of Iran">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bagher_Ghalibaf" title="Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf">Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Audit_Court_of_Iran" title="Supreme Audit Court of Iran">Supreme Audit Court</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chairmen_of_the_Guardian_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chairmen of the Guardian Council">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jannati" title="Ahmad Jannati">Ahmad Jannati</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system of Iran">Judicial</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Iran" title="Chief Justice of Iran">Chief Justice</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gholam-Hossein_Mohseni-Ezhe%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ezhe'i">Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ezhe'i</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor-General_of_Iran" title="Prosecutor-General of Iran">Attorney General</a> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Movahedi-Azad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Movahedi-Azad (page does not exist)">Mohammad Movahedi-Azad</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Iran" title="Supreme Court of Iran">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Court" title="Islamic Revolutionary Court">Islamic Revolutionary Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Clerical_Court" title="Special Clerical Court">Special Clerical Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Inspection_Office_(Iran)" title="General Inspection Office (Iran)">General Inspection Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_for_Human_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="High Council for Human rights">High Council for Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Justice (Iran)">Ministry of Justice</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supreme Councils</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Security_Council" title="Supreme National Security Council">Supreme National Security Council</a></span> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Ahmadian" title="Ali Akbar Ahmadian">Ali Akbar Ahmadian</a></dd></dl></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Cultural_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution">Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a> <dl><dd>Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Larijani" title="Sadeq Larijani">Sadeq Larijani</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Local governments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of state</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Village_Councils_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="City and Village Councils of Iran">City Council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iran" title="Elections in Iran">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Office_(Iran)" title="Election Office (Iran)">Election Office</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a></li></ul></div></div> <hr /> <ul><li>Recent and future elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_presidential_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Iranian presidential elections">Presidential</a>:</li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Iranian_presidential_election" title="2021 Iranian presidential election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_presidential_election" title="2024 Iranian presidential election"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_legislative_elections" title="List of Iranian legislative elections">Legislative</a>:</li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Iranian_legislative_election" title="2020 Iranian legislative election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_legislative_election" title="2024 Iranian legislative election">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Experts:</li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Iranian_Assembly_of_Experts_election" title="2016 Iranian Assembly of Experts election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_Assembly_of_Experts_election" title="2024 Iranian Assembly of Experts election">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local:</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Iranian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Iranian local elections (page does not exist)">2021</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025_Iranian_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2025 Iranian local elections (page does not exist)">2025</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Iran">Political parties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_factions_in_Iran" title="Political factions in Iran">factions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Inside government</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Reformists" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Reformists">Reformists</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Principlists" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Principlists">Principlists</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Outside government</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Iran" title="Monarchism in Iran">Monarchism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Iran" title="Liberalism in Iran">Liberalism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationalism" title="Iranian nationalism">Nationalism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Pan-Iranism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Iran" title="Socialism in Iran">Socialism</a></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideology of the Iranian Revolution">Intellectual backdrop</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Borujerdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Borujerdi">Hossein Borujerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fardid" title="Ahmad Fardid">Ahmad Fardid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government" title="Islamic Government">Islamic Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Iran" title="Propaganda in Iran">Propaganda in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Ali Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iran" title="Foreign relations of Iran">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Araghchi" title="Abbas Araghchi">Abbas Araghchi</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Iran" title="List of diplomatic missions of Iran">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Iran" title="List of diplomatic missions in Iran">in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_passport" title="Iranian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Iranian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Iranian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Iran" title="Visa policy of Iran">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Iran" title="Taxation in Iran">Taxation in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_of_iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces of iran">Armed forces of Iran</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/16px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Iran" title="Template:Politics of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Politics of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>supreme leader of Iran</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also referred to as the <b>supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but officially called the <b>supreme leadership authority</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and the highest political and religious authority of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (above the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">president</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran">armed forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system of Iran">judiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">state radio and television</a>, and other key government organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a> are subject to the Supreme Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-who_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the constitution, the Supreme Leader delineates the general policies of the Islamic Republic (article 110), supervising the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">legislature</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Iran" title="Supreme Court of Iran">judiciary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Iran" title="Cabinet of Iran">executive</a> branches (article 57).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current lifetime officeholder, Seyyed Ali Hosseini Khameneh known as <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a>, has issued <a href="/wiki/Decrees" class="mw-redirect" title="Decrees">decrees</a> and made the final decisions on the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">economy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment of Iran">environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iran" title="Foreign relations of Iran">foreign policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iran" title="Education in Iran">education</a>, national planning, and other aspects of governance in <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Middle_East_Eye_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Middle_East_Eye-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-al-monitor.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-monitor.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Louis_Charbonneau_and_Parisa_Hafezi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Louis_Charbonneau_and_Parisa_Hafezi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-en.iranwire.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.iranwire.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khamenei also makes the final decisions on the amount of transparency in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iran" title="Elections in Iran">elections</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has dismissed and reinstated <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Iran" title="Cabinet of Iran">presidential cabinet</a> appointees.<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF.jpg/500px-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF.jpg/750px-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF.jpg/1000px-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16435" data-file-height="6920" /></a><figcaption>Supreme Leader <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> at the head of Iran, an Iranian propaganda poster</figcaption></figure> <p>The office was established by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Constitution of Iran</a> in 1979, pursuant to Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a>'s concept of the <a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a lifetime appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally the constitution required the Supreme Leader to be <i><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a>-e taqlid</i>, the highest-ranking cleric in the religious laws of <a href="/wiki/Usuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Usuli">Usuli</a> <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>. In 1989, however, the constitution was <a href="/wiki/1989_Iranian_constitutional_referendum" title="1989 Iranian constitutional referendum">amended</a> and simply asked for Islamic "scholarship" to allow the Supreme Leader to be a lower-ranking cleric.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Guardian Jurist (<i>Vali-ye faqih</i>), the Supreme Leader guides the country, protecting it from heresy and imperialist predations, and ensuring the laws of Islam are followed. The style "Supreme Leader" (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رهبر معظم</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">rahbar-e mo'azzam</i></span>) is commonly used as a sign of respect although the Constitution designates them simply as "Leader" (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رهبر</span></span>, <i><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">rahbar</i></span></i>). According to the constitution (Article 111), the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a> is tasked with electing (following Ayatollah Khomeini), supervising, and dismissing the Supreme Leader. In practice, the Assembly has never been known to challenge or otherwise publicly oversee any of the Supreme Leader's decisions<sup id="cite_ref-brookings-AoE_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookings-AoE-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (all of its meetings and notes are strictly confidential).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the Assembly are elected by people in elections, and are approved by bodies (the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a>) whose members are appointed by the Supreme Leader or appointed by an individual (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Iran" title="Chief Justice of Iran">Chief Justice of Iran</a>) appointed by the Supreme Leader. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="History of the Islamic Republic of Iran">its history</a>, the Islamic Republic of Iran has had only two Supreme Leaders: Khomeini, who held the position from 1979 until <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Death and state funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini">his death</a> in 1989 and Ali Khamenei, who has held the position for more than 35 years since Khomeini's death. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mandate_and_status">Mandate and status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mandate and status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Supreme Leader of Iran is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مجلس خبرگان</span></span>, <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">Majles-e Khobregan</i></span>), which is also the only government body in charge of choosing and dismissing Supreme Leaders of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Supreme Leader is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Iranian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces">commander-in-chief</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces">the armed forces</a> and the <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">provisional</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> head of the three branches of the state (the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a>). </p><p>He oversees, appoints (or inaugurates) and can dismiss the following offices: </p> <ul><li>Inaugurates the President and may also together with a two-thirds majority of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Parliament</a> impeach him.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Iran" title="Chief Justice of Iran">Chief Justice of Iran</a> (Head of the Judiciary Branch (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">قوه قضائیه</span>) usually a member of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a>) for a term of 8 years,</li> <li>the members of the <a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a> for a term of 5 years.</li> <li>the members of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Cultural_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution">Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution</a>.</li> <li>6 of the 12 members of the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a> from among the members of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a>, the other 6 are chosen by the Parliament out of Islamic jurist candidates nominated by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Iran" title="Chief Justice of Iran">Chief Justice of Iran</a> who is in turn appointed by the Supreme Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ministers of defense, intelligence, foreign affairs, interior and science.</li> <li>two personal representatives to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Security_Council" title="Supreme National Security Council">Supreme National Security Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Can delegate representatives to all branches of government, which as of 2018 were around 2000 representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs.org_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs.org-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the director general of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting</a> for a term of 8 years</li> <li>the head of the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_of_Martyrs_and_Veterans_Affairs" title="Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs">Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li>the Imams of the <a href="/wiki/Friday_Prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday Prayer">Friday Prayer</a> of each Province Capital (with the advice of all the <a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a>) for life</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces">Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces</a> <ul><li>the Chief of the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran">General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Islamic Republic of Iran Army</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Islamic Republic of Iran Navy</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Defense_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force">Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> (IRGC) <ul><li>the Commander of the IRGC</li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Ground_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground Forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC Ground Forces</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC Navy</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Force_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC Aerospace Force</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">IRGC Quds Force</a></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Basij" title="Basij">Basij</a> Organization</li></ul></li> <li>the Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Command_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Law Enforcement Command</a></li></ul></li> <li>the Heads of the Counter Intelligence Units</li> <li>the Heads of the Intelligence Units</li> <li>approves elected members of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Iran's regional policy is directly controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran">office of the Supreme Leader</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>' task limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. All of Iran's <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a>, which directly reports to the Supreme Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the constitution, all Supreme Leaders (following Ayatollah Khomeini) are to be elected by the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a> who are elected by Iranian voters to eight year terms. However, all candidates for membership at the Assembly of Experts (along with candidates for president and for the Majlis (parliament)) must have their candidacy approved by the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a> (in 2016, 166 candidates were approved by the Guardians out of 801 who applied to run for the office),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose members in turn, are half appointed unilaterally by the Supreme Leader and half subject to confirmation by the Majlis after being appointed by the head of the Iranian judiciary (<a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Iran" title="Chief Justice of Iran">Chief Justice of Iran</a>), who is himself appointed by the Supreme Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Assembly has never questioned the Supreme Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-brookings-AoE_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookings-AoE-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been cases where the Guardian Council repealed its ban on particular people after being directed to do so by Khamenei.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Supreme Leader is legally considered "inviolable", with Iranians being routinely punished for questioning or insulting him.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalPost_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalPost-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_Star_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Star-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iranhumanrights.org_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iranhumanrights.org-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vahdat_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vahdat-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incorporation_in_the_Constitution">Incorporation in the Constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Incorporation in the Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1979">1979</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1979"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1979, shortly after <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a>'s return from exile and the overthrow of Iran's monarchy, <a href="/wiki/1979_Iranian_Islamic_Republic_referendum" title="1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum">a national referendum was held throughout Iran with the question "Islamic Republic, yes or no?"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-duality_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duality-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some groups objected to the wording and choice and boycotted the referendum, 98% of those voting voted "yes".<sup id="cite_ref-duality_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duality-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this landslide victory, the constitution of Iran of 1906 was declared invalid and a new constitution for an Islamic state was created and ratified <a href="/wiki/1979_Iranian_constitutional_referendum" title="1979 Iranian constitutional referendum">by referendum during the first week of December in 1979</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Francis Fukuyama</a>, the 1979 constitution is a "hybrid" of "theocratic and democratic elements" with much of it based on the ideas Khomeini presented in his published book <i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government" title="Islamic Government">Islamic Government</a></i> (<i>Hukumat-e Islami</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the work, Khomeini argued that government must be run in accordance with traditional Islamic <i><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a></i>, and for this to happen a leading Islamic jurist (<i><a href="/wiki/Faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqih">faqih</a></i>) must provide political "guardianship" (<i>wilayat</i> or <i>velayat</i>) over the people. The leading jurist were known as <i><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a>.</i> </p><p> The Constitution stresses the importance of the clergy in government, with Article 4 stating that </p><blockquote><p>all civil, criminal, financial, economic, administrative, cultural, military, political, and all other statutes and regulations (must) be keeping with Islamic measures;…the Islamic legal scholars of the watch council (Shura yi Nigahban) will keep watch over this.<sup id="cite_ref-preamble_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preamble-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> and the importance of the Supreme Leader. Article 5 states </p><blockquote><p>during the absence of the removed <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Twelfth Imam</a> (may God hasten his reappearance) government and leadership of the community in the Islamic Republic of Iran belong to the rightful God fearing legal scholar (Faqih) who is recognized and acknowledged as the Islamic leader by the majority of the population.</p></blockquote> <p>Article 107 in the constitution mentions Khomeini by name and praises him as the most learned and talented leader for emulation (<i>marja-i taqlid</i>). The responsibilities of the Supreme Leader are vaguely stated in the constitution, thus any 'violation' by the Supreme Leader would be dismissed almost immediately. As the rest of the clergy governed affairs on a daily basis, the Supreme Leader is capable of mandating a new decision as per the concept of Vilayat-e Faqih.<sup id="cite_ref-Halm-120_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halm-120-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Supreme Leader does not receive a salary.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1989">1989</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1989"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly before Khomeini's death a change was made in the constitution allowing a lower ranking Shia cleric to become Supreme Leader. Khomeini had a falling out with his successor <a href="/wiki/Hussein-Ali_Montazeri" title="Hussein-Ali Montazeri">Hussein-Ali Montazeri</a> who disapproved of human rights abuses by the Islamic Republic<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/1988_executions_of_Iranian_political_prisoners" title="1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners">mass execution</a> of political prisoners in late summer and early autumn 1988. Montazeri was demoted as a marja and Khomeini chose a new successor, a relatively low-ranking member of the clergy, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamene%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Khamene'i">Ali Khamene'i</a>. However Article 109 stipulated that the leader be "a source of imitation" (Marja-e taqlid). Khomeini wrote a letter to the president of the Assembly for Revising the Constitution, which was in session at the time, making the necessary arrangements to designate Khamene'i as his successor, and Article 109 was revised accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-asghar.p73_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asghar.p73-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Khomeini is supposed to have written a letter to the Chairman of the assembly of Leadership Experts on 29.4.89 in which he emphasised that he had always been of the opinion that the marja'iyat was not a requirement for the office of leader."<sup id="cite_ref-asghar.p73_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asghar.p73-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist_(Velayat-e_faqih)"><span id="Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist_.28Velayat-e_faqih.29"></span>Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Velayat-e faqih)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Velayat-e faqih)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Hajj_authorities_2018_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Hajj_authorities_2018_09.jpg/220px-Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Hajj_authorities_2018_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Hajj_authorities_2018_09.jpg/330px-Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Hajj_authorities_2018_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Hajj_authorities_2018_09.jpg/440px-Ali_Khamenei_met_with_Hajj_authorities_2018_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1666" /></a><figcaption>Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> met with <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> authorities, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The constitution of Iran combines concepts of both <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a>, theocracy in the form of Khomeini's concept of <i>vilayat-e faqih</i> (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), as expressed in the <i>Islamic Republic</i>. According to Ayatollah Khomeini, the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist was not <a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurists#Limited_guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists">restricted</a> to orphans or mental incompetents, but applied to everyone in absence of the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Imam" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelfth Imam">twelfth Imam</a>. Jurists were the only rightful political/governmental leaders because "God had commanded Islamic government" and "no one knew religion better than the <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a>" (Islamic clergy).<sup id="cite_ref-nasr.p125_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasr.p125-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They alone would preserve "Islamic order" and keep everyone from deviating from "the just path of Islam".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">revolution</a>, observant Shia Muslims selected their own leading faqih to emulate (known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a>-i taqlid</i>) according to their own decision making. The "congregation rather than the hierarchy decided how prominent the ayatollah was" thus allowing the public to possibly limit the influence of the Faqih.<sup id="cite_ref-nasr.p125_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasr.p125-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the revolution Shia Muslims (or at least Iranian Shia) were commanded to show allegiance to the current <i><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">vali-e faghih</a></i>, Guardian Jurist or Supreme Leader. In this new system, the jurist oversaw all governmental affairs. The complete control exercised by the Faqih was not to be limited to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> because the revolution and its Leader had international aspirations. As the constitution of the Islamic Republic states, it </p> <blockquote><p>intends to establish an ideal and model society on the basis of Islamic norms. ... the Constitution provides the necessary basis for ensuring the continuation of the Revolution at home and abroad. In particular, in the development of international relations, the Constitution will strive with other Islamic and popular movements to prepare the way for the formation of a single world community (in accordance with the Koranic verse 'This your community is a single community, and I am your Lord, so worship Me' [21:92]), and to assure the continuation of the struggle for the liberation of all deprived and oppressed peoples in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-preamble_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preamble-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to author Seyyed Vali Nasr, Khomeini appealed to the masses, during the pre-1979 period, by referring to them as the oppressed and with charisma and political ability was tremendously successful. He became a very popular role model for <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiites</a> and hoped for the Iranian Revolution to be the first step to a much larger Islamic revolution, transcending Shia Islam, in the same way that <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> wanted <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">their revolution</a> to be a world revolution, not just a <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> one.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions,_powers,_and_duties_of_the_Supreme_Leader"><span id="Functions.2C_powers.2C_and_duties_of_the_Supreme_Leader"></span>Functions, powers, and duties of the Supreme Leader</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Functions, powers, and duties of the Supreme Leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Khamenei_voting_in_the_2017_Presidential_election20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ali_Khamenei_voting_in_the_2017_Presidential_election20.jpg/220px-Ali_Khamenei_voting_in_the_2017_Presidential_election20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ali_Khamenei_voting_in_the_2017_Presidential_election20.jpg/330px-Ali_Khamenei_voting_in_the_2017_Presidential_election20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ali_Khamenei_voting_in_the_2017_Presidential_election20.jpg/440px-Ali_Khamenei_voting_in_the_2017_Presidential_election20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Ali Khamenei voting in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Iranian_presidential_election" title="2017 Iranian presidential election">2017 Presidential election</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_PM_Stefan_L%C3%B6fven_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Swedish_PM_Stefan_L%C3%B6fven_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei_04.jpg/220px-Swedish_PM_Stefan_L%C3%B6fven_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Swedish_PM_Stefan_L%C3%B6fven_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei_04.jpg/330px-Swedish_PM_Stefan_L%C3%B6fven_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Swedish_PM_Stefan_L%C3%B6fven_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei_04.jpg/440px-Swedish_PM_Stefan_L%C3%B6fven_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Ali Khamenei with Swedish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stefan_L%C3%B6fven" title="Stefan Löfven">Stefan Löfven</a>, 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pij_hani_14030509_0357236.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pij_hani_14030509_0357236.jpg/220px-Pij_hani_14030509_0357236.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pij_hani_14030509_0357236.jpg/330px-Pij_hani_14030509_0357236.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pij_hani_14030509_0357236.jpg/440px-Pij_hani_14030509_0357236.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2499" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei meeting with chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> Shura Council <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a> and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a> <a href="/wiki/Ziyad_al-Nakhalah" title="Ziyad al-Nakhalah">Ziyad al-Nakhalah</a>, July 2024. </figcaption></figure> <p>Duties and Powers given to the Supreme Leader by the Constitution, decrees and other laws are: </p> <ol><li>Delineation of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in consultation with the Nation's <a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a>.</li> <li>Supervision over the proper execution of the general policies of the systems.</li> <li>Resolving conflicts between the three branches of the government<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Issuing decrees for national <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendums</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Iranian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces">Supreme command</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Armed Forces</a>.</li> <li>Declaration of war and peace, and the mobilization of the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ability to <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> laws passed by the parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Appointment, dismissal, and acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Resignation" title="Resignation">resignation</a> of: <ol><li>the members of <a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a>.</li> <li>the members of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Cultural_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution">Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution</a>.</li> <li>two personal representatives to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Security_Council" title="Supreme National Security Council">Supreme National Security Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Can delegate representatives to all branches of government. <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> has currently around 2000 representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs.org_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs.org-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the six <a href="/wiki/Faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqih">fuqaha'</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a>.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Iran" title="Chief Justice of Iran">supreme judicial authority of the country</a>.</li> <li>ministers of defense, intelligence, foreign affairs, and science.</li> <li>the head of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">radio and television network</a> of the Islamic Republic of Iran.</li> <li>the chief of <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran#Commanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran">the joint staff</a>.</li> <li>the chief commander of the armed forces of the country</li> <li>the highest commanders of the armed forces.</li></ol></li> <li>Can dismiss and reinstate ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-stalbertgazette.com_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stalbertgazette.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Resolving differences between the three wings of the armed forces and regulation of their relations.</li> <li>Resolving the problems, which cannot be solved by conventional methods, through the Nation's Expediency Discernment Council.</li> <li>Signing the decree formalizing the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iran" title="Elections in Iran">elections in Iran</a> for the President of the Republic by the people.</li> <li>Dismissal of the President of the Republic, with due regard for the interests of the country, after the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Iran" title="Supreme Court of Iran">Supreme Court</a> holds him <a href="/wiki/Guilt_(law)" title="Guilt (law)">guilty</a> of the violation of his constitutional duties, or after an impeachment vote of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Islamic Consultative Assembly</a> (Parliament) testifying to his incompetence on the basis of Article 89 of the Constitution.</li> <li>Pardoning or reducing the sentences of convicts, within the framework of Islamic criteria, on a recommendation (to that effect) from the head of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial system of Iran">Judiciary</a>. The Supreme Leader may delegate part of his duties and powers to another person.</li> <li>Confirms decisions of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Security_Council" title="Supreme National Security Council">Supreme National Security Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Control over <a href="/wiki/Special_Clerical_Court" title="Special Clerical Court">Special Clerical Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Supreme_Leaders">List of Supreme Leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of Supreme Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_es05c6tejqf4avp6pnomy1s4vgzhtsz"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" coords="212,22,330,46" title="Ali Khamenei" alt="Ali Khamenei" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" coords="12,5,164,29" title="Ruhollah Khomeini" alt="Ruhollah Khomeini" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_es05c6tejqf4avp6pnomy1s4vgzhtsz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/es05c6tejqf4avp6pnomy1s4vgzhtsz.png" /></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:1%;"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th style="width:15%;">Supreme Rule </th> <th style="width:5%;">Portrait </th> <th style="width:25%;">Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(English · <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>)</span> </th> <th>Titles </th> <th>Signature </th> <th style="width:5%;">Lifespan </th> <th style="width:10%;">Place of birth </th> <th style="width:25%;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>3 December 1979<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />–<br />3 June 1989<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(9 years, 182 days)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Portrait_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Portrait_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Portrait_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1977" data-file-height="2726" /></a></span> </td> <td><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:125%;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سیدروح‌الله خمینی</span></span></span></span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah#Grand_Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Grand Ayatollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad#Qualifications_of_a_mujtahid" title="Ijtihad">Mujtahid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Faq%C4%ABh" title="Faqīh">Faqīh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a></li></ul> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruhollah_Khomeini_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ruhollah_Khomeini_signature.svg/80px-Ruhollah_Khomeini_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ruhollah_Khomeini_signature.svg/120px-Ruhollah_Khomeini_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ruhollah_Khomeini_signature.svg/160px-Ruhollah_Khomeini_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="374" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1900-05-17</span>)</span>17 May 1900 or <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1902-09-24</span>)</span>24 September 1902<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 3 June 1989 (aged 86 or 89) </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Khomeyn" title="Khomeyn">Khomeyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Markazi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Markazi Province">Markazi Province</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Leader of the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td>4 June 1989<br />–<br />present<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(35 years)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Khamenei_14031102_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ali_Khamenei_14031102_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="1999" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:125%;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سیدعلی خامنه‌ای</span></span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Khamenei_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/Ali_Khamenei_signature.svg/80px-Ali_Khamenei_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/Ali_Khamenei_signature.svg/120px-Ali_Khamenei_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/Ali_Khamenei_signature.svg/160px-Ali_Khamenei_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="176" /></a></span> </td> <td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1939-04-19</span>) </span>19 April 1939<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 85)</span><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan Province">Razavi Khorasan Province</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Previously served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President of Iran</a> from 1981 until Khomeini's death.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_Supreme_Leader">Vice Supreme Leader</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vice Supreme Leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The role of the Iranian Vice Supreme Leader (Deputy Supreme Leader) was eventually incorporated into the authority of the Supreme Leader. </p> <ul><li>Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Hussein-Ali_Montazeri" title="Hussein-Ali Montazeri">Hussein-Ali Montazeri</a> (10 November 1985 – 13 March 1989)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> and amid longstanding rumors of Khamenei's declining health, it was recommended to Khamenei to reestablish the office of deputy supreme leader to better facilitate the transition towards new leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_leader">Future leader</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Future leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Next_Supreme_Leader_of_Iran_election" title="Next Supreme Leader of Iran election">Next Supreme Leader of Iran election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 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href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_representatives_appointed_by_Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="List of provincial representatives appointed by Supreme Leader of Iran">List of provincial representatives appointed by Supreme Leader of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Imam_Khomeini%27s_Order" title="Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order">Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Death and state funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini">Death and state funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_election" title="1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election">1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_in_the_Fifth_Term_of_the_Council_of_Experts" title="List of members in the Fifth Term of the Council of Experts">List of members in the Fifth Term of the Council of Experts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رهبر معظم ایران</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Rahbar-e Moazam-e Irân</i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/96\/Fa-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.ogg\/Fa-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fa-\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/Fa-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.ogg/Fa-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fa-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.ogg" title="File:Fa-رهبر معظم ایران.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی</span></span>, <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Rahbar-e Moazam-e Enqelâb-e Eslâmi</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مقام معظم رهبری</span></span>, <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Maqâm Moazam Rahbari</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His title was <b>Leader of the Revolution</b> from 5 February 1979 until 3 December 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see the <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini#Childhood" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">chilhood of Khomeini</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Leader_of_Iran&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-election-leader-idUSKBN0TW0OV20151213">"Iran's possible next Supreme Leader being examined: Rafsanjani"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 13 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216032752/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-election-leader-idUSKBN0TW0OV20151213">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+possible+next+Supreme+Leader+being+examined%3A+Rafsanjani&rft.date=2015-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iran-election-leader-idUSKBN0TW0OV20151213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 89-91, Iranian Constitution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-who_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Who's in Charge?" by Ervand Abrahamian <i>London Review of Books</i>, 6 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmshabani2017" class="citation web cs1">mshabani (23 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043116/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/10/iran-science-minister-rouhani-administration-mansour-gholami.html">"Did Khamenei block Rouhani's science minister?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/10/iran-science-minister-rouhani-administration-mansour-gholami.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+Khamenei+block+Rouhani%27s+science+minister%3F&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft.au=mshabani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2017%2F10%2Firan-science-minister-rouhani-administration-mansour-gholami.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shora-gc.ir/en/news/87/constitution-of-the-islamic-republic-of-iran-full-text">"Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (full text)"</a>. 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khamenei+slams+Rouhani+as+Iran%27s+regime+adopted+UN+education+agenda&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebaghdadpost.com%2Fen%2Fstory%2F10259%2FKhamenei-slams-Rouhani-as-Iran-s-regime-adopted-UN-education-agenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-awsat2017" class="citation web cs1">Al-awsat, Asharq (25 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.aawsat.com/amir-taheri/features/khamenei-orders-new-supervisory-body-curtail-government">"Khamenei Orders New Supervisory Body to Curtail Government - ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English Archive"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010083335/https://english.aawsat.com/amir-taheri/features/khamenei-orders-new-supervisory-body-curtail-government">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leader+outlines+elections+guidelines%2C+calls+for+transparency&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehrantimes.com%2Fnews%2F407304%2FLeader-outlines-elections-guidelines-calls-for-transparency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8168202.stm">"BBC NEWS - Middle East - Iranian vice-president 'sacked'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 25 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003041952/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8168202.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+NEWS+-+Middle+East+-+Iranian+vice-president+%27sacked%27&rft.date=2009-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F8168202.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 5, Iranian Constitution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-election-leader-idUSKBN0TW0OV20151213">"Iran's possible next Supreme Leader being examined: Rafsanjani"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 13 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151216032752/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-election-leader-idUSKBN0TW0OV20151213">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+possible+next+Supreme+Leader+being+examined%3A+Rafsanjani&rft.date=2015-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iran-election-leader-idUSKBN0TW0OV20151213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moin, Baqer, <i>Khomeini</i>, (2001), p.293</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Article 109 [Leadership Qualifications]<br /> (1) Following are the essential qualifications and conditions for the Leader:<br /> a. Scholarship, as required for performing the functions of the religious leader in different fields.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brookings-AoE-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brookings-AoE_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brookings-AoE_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2016/02/09-iran-election-assembly-of-experts-explainer-borden">"Everything you need to know about Iran's Assembly of Experts election"</a>. 30 November 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422010438/http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2016/02/09-iran-election-assembly-of-experts-explainer-borden">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everything+you+need+to+know+about+Iran%27s+Assembly+of+Experts+election&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fblogs%2Fmarkaz%2Fposts%2F2016%2F02%2F09-iran-election-assembly-of-experts-explainer-borden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Iran Announces Second Extension of Voting," <i>Reuters</i>, 23 October 1998. quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2001" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Robin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=25_l12OBeYkC&dq=%22Iran+Announces+Second+Extension+of+Voting%2C%22+Reuters%2C+23+October+1998.&pg=PA317"><i>The Last Great Revolution: Turmoil and Transformation in Iran</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Group. p. 317 note 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307766076" title="Special:BookSources/9780307766076"><bdi>9780307766076</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Great+Revolution%3A+Turmoil+and+Transformation+in+Iran&rft.pages=317+note+26&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780307766076&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D25_l12OBeYkC%26dq%3D%2522Iran%2BAnnounces%2BSecond%2BExtension%2Bof%2BVoting%252C%2522%2BReuters%252C%2B23%2BOctober%2B1998.%26pg%3DPA317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/assembly-experts">"The Assembly of Experts - The Iran Primer"</a>. <i>iranprimer.usip.org</i>. 13 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707231415/http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/assembly-experts">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranprimer.usip.org&rft.atitle=The+Assembly+of+Experts+-+The+Iran+Primer&rft.date=2011-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firanprimer.usip.org%2Fresource%2Fassembly-experts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090705083907/http://mellat.majlis.ir/CONSTITUTION/ENGLISH.HTM">"خانه ملت"</a> (in Persian). 5 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mellat.majlis.ir/CONSTITUTION/ENGLISH.HTM">the original</a> on 5 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA&rft.date=2009-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmellat.majlis.ir%2FCONSTITUTION%2FENGLISH.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617152445/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-6-2.html">"Iranian Government Constitution, English Text"</a>. 17 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-6-2.html">the original</a> on 17 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iranian+Government+Constitution%2C+English+Text&rft.date=2011-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranonline.com%2Firan%2Firan-info%2Fgovernment%2Fconstitution-6-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrumbergFarhi2016" class="citation book cs1">Brumberg, Daniel; Farhi, Farideh (4 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2vgADAAAQBAJ&q=supreme+leader+of+iran+constitution+three+branches&pg=PA139"><i>Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253020796" title="Special:BookSources/9780253020796"><bdi>9780253020796</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203708/https://books.google.com/books?id=2vgADAAAQBAJ&q=supreme+leader+of+iran+constitution+three+branches&pg=PA139">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Change+in+Iran%3A+Politics+of+Contention+and+Conciliation&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2016-04-04&rft.isbn=9780253020796&rft.aulast=Brumberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Farhi%2C+Farideh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2vgADAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsupreme%2Bleader%2Bof%2Biran%2Bconstitution%2Bthree%2Bbranches%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbs.org-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pbs.org_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbs.org_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/tehran/inside/govt.html">"Inside Iran - The Structure Of Power In Iran | Terror And Tehran | FRONTLINE | PBS"</a>. <i>www.pbs.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507165336/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/tehran/inside/govt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft.atitle=Inside+Iran+-+The+Structure+Of+Power+In+Iran+%26%23124%3B+Terror+And+Tehran+%26%23124%3B+FRONTLINE+%26%23124%3B+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Ftehran%2Finside%2Fgovt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(see Article 108 of the constitution)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTschentscher" class="citation web cs1">Tschentscher, Axel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html">"ICL - Iran - Constitution"</a>. <i>www.servat.unibe.ch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093931/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.servat.unibe.ch&rft.atitle=ICL+-+Iran+-+Constitution&rft.aulast=Tschentscher&rft.aufirst=Axel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fir00000_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21693277-choose-any-candidate-you-likeafter-mullahs-have-excluded-reformers-great">"Elections in Iran: The great candidate cull: Choose any candidate you like—after the mullahs have excluded reformers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 20 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Elections+in+Iran%3A+The+great+candidate+cull%3A+Choose+any+candidate+you+like%E2%80%94after+the+mullahs+have+excluded+reformers&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F21693277-choose-any-candidate-you-likeafter-mullahs-have-excluded-reformers-great&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/14/rafsanjani-breaks-taboo-over-selection-of-irans-next-supreme-leader">"Rafsanjani breaks taboo over selection of Iran's next supreme leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. Reuters. 14 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161218132154/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/14/rafsanjani-breaks-taboo-over-selection-of-irans-next-supreme-leader">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Rafsanjani+breaks+taboo+over+selection+of+Iran%27s+next+supreme+leader&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fdec%2F14%2Frafsanjani-breaks-taboo-over-selection-of-irans-next-supreme-leader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_and_agencies2005" class="citation web cs1">Staff and agencies (24 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/24/iran">"Iran reverses ban on reformist candidates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221144045/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/24/iran">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Iran+reverses+ban+on+reformist+candidates&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft.au=Staff+and+agencies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fmay%2F24%2Firan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalPost-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalPost_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314022740/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140922/iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-1">"Iran arrests 11 over SMS Khomeini insults"</a>. <i>GlobalPost</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140922/iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-1">the original</a> on 14 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GlobalPost&rft.atitle=Iran+arrests+11+over+SMS+Khomeini+insults&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fafp%2F140922%2Firan-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Daily_Star-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Daily_Star_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210327184916/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-22/271511-iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-report.ashx">"Iran arrests 11 over SMS Khomeini insults: report"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. Sep 22, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-22/271511-iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-report.ashx">the original</a> on 27 Mar 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Iran+arrests+11+over+SMS+Khomeini+insults%3A+report&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2014%2FSep-22%2F271511-iran-arrests-11-over-sms-khomeini-insults-report.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iranhumanrights.org-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iranhumanrights.org_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranhumanrights.org/2017/12/poet-to-serve-two-years-in-prison-for-criticizing-irans-supreme-leader/">"Poet to Serve Two Years in Prison For Criticizing Iran's Supreme Leader"</a>. <i>Center for Human Rights in Iran</i>. December 30, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112113609/https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2017/12/poet-to-serve-two-years-in-prison-for-criticizing-irans-supreme-leader/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Human+Rights+in+Iran&rft.atitle=Poet+to+Serve+Two+Years+in+Prison+For+Criticizing+Iran%27s+Supreme+Leader&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranhumanrights.org%2F2017%2F12%2Fpoet-to-serve-two-years-in-prison-for-criticizing-irans-supreme-leader%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vahdat-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vahdat_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVahdat2019" class="citation news cs1">Vahdat, Ahmed (March 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/19/iran-sentences-dissident-reading-precisely-copying-three-books/">"Iranian dissident ordered to copy out books by Ayatollah Khamenei after branding Supreme Leader a despot"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514033333/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/19/iran-sentences-dissident-reading-precisely-copying-three-books/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2019</span> – via www.telegraph.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Iranian+dissident+ordered+to+copy+out+books+by+Ayatollah+Khamenei+after+branding+Supreme+Leader+a+despot&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.aulast=Vahdat&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F19%2Firan-sentences-dissident-reading-precisely-copying-three-books%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duality-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-duality_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duality_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lfom0b3ERaEC&dq=referendum+on+islamic+republic&pg=PA65">Duality by Design: The Iranian Electoral System</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503161639/https://books.google.com/books?id=lfom0b3ERaEC&pg=PA65&dq=referendum+on+islamic+republic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bAqVUf2-PIjCyAGs4YCYDg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ">Archived</a> 2016-05-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Yasmin Alem</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFukuyama2009" class="citation news cs1">Fukuyama, Francis (July 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203946904574300374086282670">"Iran, Islam and the Rule of Law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171027080206/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203946904574300374086282670">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Iran%2C+Islam+and+the+Rule+of+Law&rft.date=2009-07-27&rft.aulast=Fukuyama&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052970203946904574300374086282670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-preamble-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-preamble_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-preamble_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html">"ICL - Iran - Constitution"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093931/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICL+-+Iran+-+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fir00000_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halm-120-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Halm-120_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalm1997" class="citation book cs1">Halm, Heinz (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shiaislamfromrel0000halm"><i>Shi'a Islam: From Religion to Revolution</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=The+Frugality+Of+Iran%27s+Supreme+Leader&rft.date=2012-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Ffrugality-iran-supreme-leader%2F24775971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keddie, Nikki R.; <a href="/wiki/Yann_Richard" title="Yann Richard">Yann Richard</a> (2003). Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. New Haven, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9uTdrOschzoC&dq=%22Ayatollah+Montazeri,+whom+the+Assembly+of+Experts+chose%22&pg=PA260">260</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415200010/https://books.google.com/books?id=9uTdrOschzoC&pg=PA260&dq=%22Ayatollah+Montazeri,+whom+the+Assembly+of+Experts+chose%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yCeHUvPJE_DI2wX3qYHYAQ&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA">Archived</a> 2016-04-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asghar.p73-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asghar.p73_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asghar.p73_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schirazi, Asghar, <i>The Constitution of Iran: politics and the state in the Islamic Republic</i> / by Asghar Schirazi, London; New York: I.B. Tauris, 1997 p.73-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasr.p125-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasr.p125_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasr.p125_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, <i>The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future</i>, W. W. Norton & Company, Apr 17, 2007, p.?</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khomeini, <i>Islam and Revolution, Writings and Declarations Of Imam Khomeini</i> p.54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, <i>The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future</i>, W. W. Norton & Company, Apr 17, 2007, p.137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrumbergFarhi2016" class="citation book cs1">Brumberg, Daniel; Farhi, Farideh (April 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2vgADAAAQBAJ&q=supreme+leader+of+iran+constitution+three+branches&pg=PA139"><i>Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253020796" title="Special:BookSources/9780253020796"><bdi>9780253020796</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203708/https://books.google.com/books?id=2vgADAAAQBAJ&q=supreme+leader+of+iran+constitution+three+branches&pg=PA139">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2020</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Change+in+Iran%3A+Politics+of+Contention+and+Conciliation&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2016-04-04&rft.isbn=9780253020796&rft.aulast=Brumberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Farhi%2C+Farideh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2vgADAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsupreme%2Bleader%2Bof%2Biran%2Bconstitution%2Bthree%2Bbranches%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAslan2009" class="citation news cs1">Aslan, Reza (22 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/06/22/irans-supreme-revolutionary">"Iran's Supreme Revolutionary"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011143232/https://www.thedailybeast.com/irans-supreme-revolutionary">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CP&rft.atitle=Iranian+lawmakers+warn+Ahmadinejad+to+accept+intelligence+chief+as+political+feud+deepens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stalbertgazette.com%2Farticle%2FGB%2F20110420%2FCP01%2F304209937%2F-1%2Fsag0806%2Firanian-lawmakers-warn-ahmadinejad-to-back-intelligence-chief-as&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Saeed_Vakil,Pouryya_Askary2004" class="citation book cs1">Amir Saeed Vakil,Pouryya Askary (2004). <i>constitution in now law like order</i>. p. 362.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=constitution+in+now+law+like+order&rft.pages=362&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Amir+Saeed+Vakil%2CPouryya+Askary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">§ 5 of Article 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/tehran/inside/govt.html">"Inside Iran - The Structure Of Power In Iran - Terror And Tehran - FRONTLINE - PBS"</a>. <i>www.pbs.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507165336/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/tehran/inside/govt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RFE%2FRL&rft.atitle=In+Pictures%3A+Iran%27s+1979+Islamic+Revolution&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft.aulast=Steinzova&rft.aufirst=Lucie&rft.au=Greer%2C+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Firan-politics-revolution%2F29752729.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNettleton2020" class="citation news cs1">Nettleton, Todd (2 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianpost.com/voice/ayatollah-khomeini-the-greatest-christian-missionary-in-the-history-of-iran.html">"Ayatollah Khomeini: The greatest Christian missionary in the history of Iran"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Post">Christian Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103135453/https://www.christianpost.com/voice/ayatollah-khomeini-the-greatest-christian-missionary-in-the-history-of-iran.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Post&rft.atitle=Ayatollah+Khomeini%3A+The+greatest+Christian+missionary+in+the+history+of+Iran&rft.date=2020-01-02&rft.aulast=Nettleton&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fvoice%2Fayatollah-khomeini-the-greatest-christian-missionary-in-the-history-of-iran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.khamenei.ir/news/2157/Detailed-biography-of-Ayatollah-Khamenei-Leader-of-Islamic-Revolution">"Detailed biography of Ayatollah Khamenei, Leader of Islamic Revolution"</a>. 23 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410112848/http://english.khamenei.ir/news/2157/Detailed-biography-of-Ayatollah-Khamenei-Leader-of-Islamic-Revolution">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detailed+biography+of+Ayatollah+Khamenei%2C+Leader+of+Islamic+Revolution&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.khamenei.ir%2Fnews%2F2157%2FDetailed-biography-of-Ayatollah-Khamenei-Leader-of-Islamic-Revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupreme+Leader+of+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVatanka2019" class="citation news cs1">Vatanka, Alex (29 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/29/iran-irgc-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-kept-supreme-leader-ayatollah-ali-khamenei-power/">"Iran's IRGC Has Long Kept Khamenei in Power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210041025/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/29/iran-irgc-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-kept-supreme-leader-ayatollah-ali-khamenei-power/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Prehistory84"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Iran" title="Prehistory of Iran">Prehistory</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">3400–539 BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura-Araxes <span class="nowrap">culture (3400–2000 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Elamite">Proto-Elamite <span class="nowrap">civilization (3100–2700 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elamite <span class="nowrap">dynasties (2700–540 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian <span class="nowrap">Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullubi" title="Lullubi">Lullubi <span class="nowrap">(c.2300–675 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassites <span class="nowrap">(c.1595–c.1155 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannaeans">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Mannai (10th–7th century BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian <span class="nowrap">Empire (911–609 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu <span class="nowrap">(860 BC–590 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_kingdom" title="Median kingdom">Median <span class="nowrap">Empire (678–549 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian <span class="nowrap">Kingdom (652–625 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian <span class="nowrap">Empire (626–539 BC)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">550 BC–AD 224</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid <span class="nowrap">Empire (550–330 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene <span class="nowrap">(c.323 BC–AD 226)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid <span class="nowrap">Empire (312–63 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frataraka" title="Frataraka">Frataraka <span class="nowrap">(c.295–220 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian <span class="nowrap">Empire (247 BC–AD 224)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Persis" title="Kings of Persis">Kings of <span class="nowrap">Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">AD 224–651</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian <span class="nowrap">Empire (AD 224–651)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and<br />early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">632–1090</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun <span class="nowrap">Caliphate (632–661)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad <span class="nowrap">Caliphate (661–750)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid <span class="nowrap">Caliphate (750–1258)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (819–999)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (821–873)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alavid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (864–928)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (861–1003)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarid_dynasty" title="Ziyarid dynasty">Ziyarid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (931–1090)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (934–1062)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">977–1432</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid <span class="nowrap">Empire (977–1186)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1011–1215)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk <span class="nowrap">Empire (1037–1194)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushtegin_dynasty" title="Anushtegin dynasty">Anushtegin <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1077–1231)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids <span class="nowrap">(1135/36-1225)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_dynasty" title="Kart dynasty">Kart <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1244–1381)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate"><span class="nowrap">Ilkhanate (1256–1335)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarids_(Iran)" title="Muzaffarids (Iran)">Muzaffarid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1314–1393)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalayirid_Sultanate" title="Jalayirid Sultanate">Jalayirid Sultanate <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1335–1432)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chobanids" title="Chobanids">Chobanid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1338–1357)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">1370–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid <span class="nowrap">Empire (1370–1507)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu <span class="nowrap">Turcomans (1374–1468)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu <span class="nowrap">Turcomans (1378–1508)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid <span class="nowrap">Empire (1501–1736)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid <span class="nowrap">Empire (1736–1796)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand <span class="nowrap">Dynasty (1751–1794)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar <span class="nowrap">Empire (1789–1925)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the <span class="nowrap">Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_bombardment_of_the_Majlis" title="1908 bombardment of the Majlis">1908 bombardment of the Majlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Persian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1921 Persian coup d'état">1921 Persian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">1925–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1925–1979)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab_dispute" title="Shatt al-Arab dispute">Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Iranian_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election">1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian <span class="nowrap">revolution (1979)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Islamic Republic</a></span><br />1979–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="History of the Islamic Republic of Iran"><span class="nowrap">History (1979–)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Government_of_Iran" title="Interim Government of Iran">Interim Government (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1979_Iranian_Islamic_Republic_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum">March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1979_Iranian_constitutional_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum">December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Embassy_siege" title="Iranian Embassy siege">Iranian Embassy <span class="nowrap">siege (1980)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nojeh_coup_plot" title="Nojeh coup plot">Nojeh coup plot (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq <span class="nowrap">War (1980–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Government_of_Iran_(1981)" title="Interim Government of Iran (1981)">Interim Government of Iran (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655" title="Iran Air Flight 655">Iran Air Flight 655 <span class="nowrap">shootdown (1988)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDPI_insurgency_(1989%E2%80%931996)" title="KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)">KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">PJAK conflict (2004–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_presidential_election_protests" title="2009 Iranian presidential election protests">2009 Iranian presidential election protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war (2011–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">United States withdrawal (2018)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Iranian_protests" title="2017–2018 Iranian protests">2017–2018 Iranian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Iranian_general_strikes_and_protests" title="2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests">2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sistan_and_Baluchestan_protests" title="2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests">2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Iranian_protests" title="2019–2020 Iranian protests">2019–2020 Iranian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sistan_and_Baluchestan_protests" title="2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests">2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Iranian_protests" title="2021–2022 Iranian protests">2021–2022 Iranian protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Persians" title="List of ancient Persians">Ancient Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persianization" title="Persianization">Persianization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persianate_society" title="Persianate society">Persianate society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian_tradition" title="Turco-Persian tradition">Turco-Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">languages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiroft_culture" title="Jiroft culture">Jiroft culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Peoples of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Persia">Monarchs of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Iran" title="List of heads of state of Iran">Heads of state of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_democracy_in_classical_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="History of democracy in classical Iran">History of democracy in classical Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Iran" title="Military history of Iran">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_electricity_in_Iran" title="History of electricity in Iran">Electric history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Iran" title="List of years in Iran">Years in Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iran" title="Geography of Iran">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Iran" title="Borders of Iran">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iran_by_province" title="List of cities in Iran by province">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_Iran" title="List of largest cities of Iran">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Iran" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran">twin towns and sister cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iran" title="Environmental issues in Iran">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Iran" title="Climate change in Iran">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">Iranian Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Hyrcanian_mixed_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests">Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Iranian Kurdistan">Iranian Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Iran" title="List of islands of Iran">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Iran" title="List of mountains in Iran">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Iran" title="Wildlife of Iran">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Iran" title="Censorship in Iran">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iran" title="Constitution of Iran">Constitution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">Persian Constitutional Revolution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iran" title="Corruption in Iran">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iran" title="Elections in Iran">Elections</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_presidential_election" title="2009 Iranian presidential election">2009 presidential</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iran" title="Foreign relations of Iran">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childrens%27_Rights_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Childrens' Rights in Iran">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Iran">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Iran" title="Women's rights in Iran">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_judicial_system_of_Iran" title="History of the judicial system of Iran">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Navy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Intelligence_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)">Ministry of Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_and_Iran" title="Cyberwarfare and Iran">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1747" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747">UN Security Council Resolution 1747</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iran" title="List of political parties in Iran">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principlists" class="mw-redirect" title="Principlists">Principlists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Iran" title="Propaganda in Iran">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Reformists" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Reformists">Reformists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_and_terrorism_in_Iran" title="Assassination and terrorism in Iran">Terrorism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">state-sponsorship allegations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution" title="White Revolution">White Revolution (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_movement_in_Iran" title="Women's rights movement in Iran">Women's rights movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly (or Council) of Experts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Iran" title="Local councils of Iran">Local councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Security_Council" title="Supreme National Security Council">Supreme National Security Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_officials" title="List of Iranian officials">Officials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ambassadors_from_Iran" title="List of current ambassadors from Iran">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Iran_governors-general" title="List of current Iran governors-general">Provincial governors</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Leader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonyad" title="Bonyad">Bonyad (charitable trust)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_capital_flight_from_Iran" title="Human capital flight from Iran">Brain drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Iran" title="List of companies of Iran">Companies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran">Automotive industry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Iran" title="Child labour in Iran">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iran" title="Corruption in Iran">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Iran" title="Economic history of Iran">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Economic_Reform_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Economic Reform Plan">Economic Reform Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iran" title="Energy in Iran">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iran" title="Environmental issues in Iran">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Iran" title="Foreign direct investment in Iran">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_Iran" title="Intellectual property in Iran">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_oil_bourse" title="Iranian oil bourse">International oil bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Iran" title="International rankings of Iran">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="Iran and the World Trade Organization">Iran and the World Trade Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Iran" title="Taxation in Iran">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_laws_in_Iran" title="List of economic laws in Iran">Main economic laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Middle_East" title="Economy of the Middle East">Economy of the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milad_Tower" title="Milad Tower">Milad Tower and complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_equipment_manufactured_in_Iran" title="List of military equipment manufactured in Iran">Military equipment manufactured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1747" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747">UN Security Council Resolution 1747</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Iran" title="Privatization in Iran">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">Rial (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Space_Agency" title="Iranian Space Agency">Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Imam_Khomeini%27s_Order" title="Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order">Setad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Audit_Court_of_Iran" title="Supreme Audit Court of Iran">Supreme Audit Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Stock_Exchange" title="Tehran Stock Exchange">Tehran Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture capital in Iran">Venture capital</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Iran#Technology_start-ups" title="Communications in Iran">Technology start-ups</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_sector" title="Economic sector">Sectors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iran" title="Agriculture in Iran">Agriculture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fruit_production_in_Iran" title="Fruit production in Iran">fruit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_insurance_in_Iran" title="Banking and insurance in Iran">Banking and insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iran" title="Central Bank of Iran">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetab_Banking_System" title="Shetab Banking System">Shetab Banking System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Iran" title="Construction industry of Iran">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Iran" title="Defense industry of Iran">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Iran" title="Healthcare in Iran">Health care</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals in Iran">Pharmaceuticals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Iran" title="Industry of Iran">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Iran" title="Mining in Iran">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Iran" title="Petroleum industry in Iran">Petroleum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Oil_Company" title="Anglo-Persian Oil Company">Anglo-Persian Oil Company</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Iran" title="Communications in Iran">Telecommunications and IT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_Company_of_Iran" title="Telecommunication Company of Iran">TCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Iran" title="Transport in Iran">Transport</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Iran" title="List of airlines of Iran">airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Railways" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Railways">railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRISL_Group" title="IRISL Group">shipping</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iran" title="Tourism in Iran">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned<br />companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Industries_Organization" title="Defense Industries Organization">Defense Industries Organization (DIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDRO_Group" title="IDRO Group">Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Aviation_Industries_Organization" title="Iran Aviation Industries Organization">Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Electronics_Industries" title="Iran Electronics Industries">Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian Oil Company">National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Fund_of_Iran" title="National Development Fund of Iran">National Development Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaluyeh" title="Asaluyeh">Asaluyeh industrial corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabahar_Free_Trade-Industrial_Zone" title="Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone">Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish_Island" title="Kish Island">Kish Island Free Trade Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_research_centers" title="List of Iranian research centers">Research centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society215" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Iran" title="Category:Society of Iran">Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iran" title="Languages of Iran">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian (Farsi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Iranian citizens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_diaspora" title="Iranian diaspora">abroad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic minorities in Iran">Ethnic minorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Iran" title="Assyrians in Iran">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iran" title="Circassians in Iran">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Georgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Turkmen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Iran" title="Baháʼí Faith in Iran">Baháʼí Faith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">persecution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iran" title="Christianity in Iran">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Iran" title="Zoroastrianism in Iran">Zoroastrians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">persecution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Freedom of religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iran" title="Corruption in Iran">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Iran" title="Crime in Iran">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iran" title="Education in Iran">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Iran" title="Higher education in Iran">higher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_movements_in_Iran" title="Intellectual movements in Iran">Intellectual movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-modern_Iranian_scientists_and_scholars" title="List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars">scientists and scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Iran" title="List of universities in Iran">universities</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Iran" title="International rankings of Iran">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Iran" title="Water supply and sanitation in Iran">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Iran" title="Women in Iran">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Architecture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architects_of_Iran" title="Architects of Iran">architects</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_art" title="Persian art">Art</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">modern / contemporary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_astronomy" title="Persian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blogging_in_Iran" title="Blogging in Iran">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Calendars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Persian New Year (<i>Nowruz</i>)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran" title="Fashion in Iran">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Persian_antiquities_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago Persian antiquities dispute">Chicago Persian antiquities dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_wine" title="Persian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folklore" title="Iranian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_movements_in_Iran" title="Intellectual movements in Iran">Intellectual movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranians" title="List of Iranians">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_studies" title="Iranian studies">Iranian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Iran" title="Islamization of Iran">Islamization</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Iran" title="Mass media in Iran">Media</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_news_agencies" title="List of Iranian news agencies">news agencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_Students_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Students News Agency">student</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Iran" title="List of newspapers in Iran">newspapers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_National_Jewels" title="Iranian National Jewels">National Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national symbols of Iran">National symbols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Anthem_of_Iran" title="Imperial Anthem of Iran">Imperial Anthem</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_in_Iran" title="Opium in Iran">Opium consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_philosophy" title="Iranian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Iran" title="Public holidays in Iran">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Iran" title="Scouting in Iran">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Iran" title="Sport in Iran">Sport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Football_in_Iran" title="Football in Iran">football</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian hip hop">Rap and hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Traditional</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ey_Iran" title="Ey Iran">Ey Iran</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Iran" title="Science and technology in Iran">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehrangeles" title="Tehrangeles">Tehrangeles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran" title="Category:Iran">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia390" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Asia390" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads<br />of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Leader of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Brunei" title="List of sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Egypt</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="President of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Laos" title="President of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mongolia" title="President of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Myanmar" title="President of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_of_North_Korea" title="President of the State Affairs of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sri_Lanka" title="President of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tajikistan" title="President of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Timor-Leste" title="President of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkmenistan" title="President of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Uzbekistan" title="President of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Yemen" title="President of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">limited recognized states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Abkhazia" title="President of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Ossetia" title="President of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bhutan" title="List of prime ministers of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brunei" title="Prime Minister of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Qatar" title="Prime Minister of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tajikistan" title="Prime Minister of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Timor-Leste" title="Prime Minister of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkmenistan" title="President of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uzbekistan" title="Prime Minister of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen" title="Prime Minister of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">limited recognized states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader" class="extiw" title="wikt:Supreme Leader">Supreme leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Leader of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">China</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Europe–Asia border. <sup><small>2</small></sup> Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Africa–Asia border.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ruhollah_Khomeini209" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Template:Ruhollah Khomeini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Template talk:Ruhollah Khomeini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ruhollah Khomeini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ruhollah_Khomeini209" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_demonstrations_in_Iran" title="1963 demonstrations in Iran">1963 demonstrations in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini%27s_life_in_exile" title="Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile">Life in exile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Qom_protest" title="1978 Qom protest">1978 Qom protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Tabriz_protests" title="1978 Tabriz protests">1978 Tabriz protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neauphle-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Neauphle-le-Château">Neauphle-le-Château</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini%27s_return_to_Iran" title="Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran">Return to Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Iranian_revolution" title="Aftermath of the Iranian revolution">Aftermath of the Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution_in_Iran" title="Cultural Revolution in Iran">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Cultural_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Islamic_Revolution" title="Council of the Islamic Revolution">Council of the Islamic Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Court" title="Islamic Revolutionary Court">Islamic Revolutionary Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Government_of_Iran" title="Interim Government of Iran">Interim Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Iranian_Islamic_Republic_referendum" title="1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum">1979 Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter%27s_engagement_with_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini">Engagement with Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Iranian_Revolution_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory">Iranian revolution conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America_can%27t_do_a_damn_thing_against_us" title="America can't do a damn thing against us">America can't do a damn thing against us</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Leader of Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_support_for_Iran_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_war" title="Israeli support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq war">Israeli support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_Verses_controversy" title="Satanic Verses controversy">Satanic Verses controversy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roollah-khomeini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roollah-khomeini.jpg/75px-Roollah-khomeini.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roollah-khomeini.jpg/113px-Roollah-khomeini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roollah-khomeini.jpg/150px-Roollah-khomeini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Positions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Islam_(term)" title="American Islam (term)">American Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Shiite clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_to_America" title="Death to America">Death to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Satan" title="Great Satan">Great Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Satan" title="Little Satan">Little Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation_in_Iran" title="Sex segregation in Iran">Sex segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hijab_in_Iran" title="Hijab in Iran">compulsory hijab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_democracy" title="Islam and democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam%27s_Line" title="Imam's Line">Imam's Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomeini%27s_letter_to_Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Khomeini's letter to Mikhail Gorbachev">Letter to Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomeini%27s_8-article_command" title="Khomeini's 8-article command">Khomeini's 8-article command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Government" title="Islamic Government">Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist (Velayat-e faqih)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Wasilah" title="Tahrir al-Wasilah">Tahrir al-Wasilah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kashf_al-Asrar" title="Kashf al-Asrar">Kashf al-Asrar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hadith_of_Ruhullah_Khomeini" title="Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini">Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Revolution" title="Islam and Revolution">Islam and Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Jihad" title="The Greatest Jihad">The Greatest Jihad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khomeini_family" title="Khomeini family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khadijeh_Saqafi" title="Khadijeh Saqafi">Khadijeh Saqafi</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Khomeini" title="Mostafa Khomeini">Mostafa Khomeini</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahra_Mostafavi_Khomeini" title="Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini">Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farideh_Mostafavi_Khomeini" title="Farideh Mostafavi Khomeini">Farideh Mostafavi Khomeini</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khomeini" title="Ahmad Khomeini">Ahmad Khomeini</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Khomeini" title="Hussein Khomeini">Hussein Khomeini</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Khomeini" title="Hassan Khomeini">Hassan Khomeini</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahra_Eshraghi" title="Zahra Eshraghi">Zahra Eshraghi</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Ahmad_Musavi_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi">Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi</a> (grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaran_Hussainiya" title="Jamaran Hussainiya">Jamaran Hussainiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini">Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Death and state funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini">Death and state funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alef-Laam_Khomeini" title="Alef-Laam Khomeini">Alef-Laam Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajr_decade" title="Fajr decade">Fajr decade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refah_School" title="Refah School">Refah School</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homafaran_Allegiance" title="Homafaran Allegiance">Homafaran Allegiance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Khomeini_International_Airport" title="Imam Khomeini International Airport">Imam Khomeini International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Imam_Khomeini%27s_Order" title="Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order">Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Category:Ruhollah Khomeini">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ali_Khamenei196" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ali_Khamenei" title="Template:Ali Khamenei"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ali_Khamenei" title="Template talk:Ali Khamenei"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ali_Khamenei" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ali Khamenei"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ali_Khamenei196" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_Al-Bayt_World_Assembly" title="Ahl Al-Bayt World Assembly">Ahl Al-Bayt World Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ali_Khamenei" title="Attempted assassination of Ali Khamenei">Assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1981_Iranian_presidential_election" title="October 1981 Iranian presidential election">October 1981 Iranian presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Iranian_presidential_election" title="1985 Iranian presidential election">1985 Iranian presidential election</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Supreme Leader of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_of_14_Political_Activists" title="Statement of 14 Political Activists">Statement of 14 Political Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13876" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Order 13876">Executive Order 13876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahsa_Amini_protests" title="Mahsa Amini protests">Mahsa Amini protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei%27s_fatwa_against_nuclear_weapons" title="Ali Khamenei's fatwa against nuclear weapons">Fatwa against nuclear weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Islamic clerics in politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Slogan_of_the_Year" title="Iran Slogan of the Year">Iran Slogan of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Phase_of_the_Revolution" title="Second Phase of the Revolution">Second Phase of the Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation_in_Iran" title="Sex segregation in Iran">Sex segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamenei%27s_8-Article_Command_to_the_Chiefs_of_Branches" title="Khamenei's 8-Article Command to the Chiefs of Branches">8-Article Command to the Chiefs of Branches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books and messages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_250_Years_Old_Person" title="A 250 Years Old Person">A 250 Years Old Person</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Outline_of_Islamic_Thought_in_the_Quran" title="An Outline of Islamic Thought in the Quran">An Outline of Islamic Thought in the Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_main_books_of_Biographical-Evaluation" title="Four main books of Biographical-Evaluation">Four main books of Biographical-Evaluation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghena_(book)" title="Ghena (book)">Ghena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(2011_book)" title="Palestine (2011 book)">Palestine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruhe-Tawhid,_Nafye_Obudiate_GheireKhoda" title="Ruhe-Tawhid, Nafye Obudiate GheireKhoda">Ruhe-Tawhid, Nafye Obudiate GheireKhoda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharh-e_Esm_(book)" title="Sharh-e Esm (book)">Sharh-e Esm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatwa_of_Ali_Khamenei_against_insulting_revered_Sunni_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatwa of Ali Khamenei against insulting revered Sunni figures">Fatwa against insulting revered Sunni figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_the_Youth_in_Europe_and_North_America" title="To the Youth in Europe and North America">To the Youth in Europe and North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_the_Youth_in_Western_Countries" title="To the Youth in Western Countries">To the Youth in Western Countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khamenei_family" title="Khamenei family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mansoureh_Khojasteh_Bagherzadeh" title="Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh">Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Khamenei" title="Mostafa Khamenei">Mostafa</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojtaba_Khamenei" title="Mojtaba Khamenei">Mojtaba</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Khamenei" title="Masoud Khamenei">Masoud</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javad_Khamenei" title="Javad Khamenei">Javad</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khamenei" title="Mohammad Khamenei">Mohammad</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadi_Khamenei" title="Hadi Khamenei">Hadi</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badri_Khamenei" title="Badri Khamenei">Badri</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Tehrani" title="Ali Tehrani">Ali Tehrani</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farideh_Moradkhani" title="Farideh Moradkhani">Farideh Moradkhani</a> (niece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Moradkhani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmoud Moradkhani">Mahmoud Moradkhani</a> (nephew)</li> <li><i>Co-fathers-in-law</i>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizollah_Khoshvaght" title="Azizollah Khoshvaght">Azizollah Khoshvaght</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gholam-Ali_Haddad-Adel" title="Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel">Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Kharazi" title="Mohsen Kharazi">Mohsen Kharazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mohammadi_Golpayegani" title="Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani">Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Khamenei_family" title="Wealth of Khamenei family">Wealth of Khamenei family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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