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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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href="#Kritik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kritik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidare_läsning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidare_läsning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vidare läsning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidare_läsning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Proto-värld</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 26 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة بشرية بدائية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة بشرية بدائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_protosapiens" title="Idioma protosapiens – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma protosapiens" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_insan_dili" title="Proto insan dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Proto insan dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protosapiens" title="Protosapiens – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protosapiens" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidsk%C3%BD_prajazyk" title="Lidský prajazyk – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lidský prajazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Welt-Sprache" title="Proto-Welt-Sprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Proto-Welt-Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Human_language" title="Proto-Human language – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Proto-Human language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_protosapiens" title="Idioma protosapiens – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma protosapiens" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monda_pralingvo" title="Monda pralingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monda pralingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان نیابشری – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان نیابشری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_originelle" title="Langue originelle – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue originelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98_%EC%A1%B0%EC%96%B4" title="인류 조어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인류 조어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_primigenia" title="Lingua primigenia – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua primigenia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פרוטו-אנושית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוטו-אנושית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-World" title="Proto-World – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Proto-World" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaulio_prokalb%C4%97" title="Pasaulio prokalbė – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pasaulio prokalbė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Manusia_Purba" title="Bahasa Manusia Purba – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Manusia Purba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-World" title="Proto-World – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Proto-World" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%A5%96%E8%AA%9E" title="世界祖語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世界祖語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਰੋਟੋ-ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰੋਟੋ-ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praj%C4%99zyk_ludzko%C5%9Bci" title="Prajęzyk ludzkości – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prajęzyk ludzkości" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Прамировой язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прамировой язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-World_language" title="Proto-World language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Proto-World language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96n_insan_dili" title="Ön insan dili – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ön insan dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Теорія моногенезу – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теорія моногенезу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="原始人類語言 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原始人類語言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q732937#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proto-v%C3%A4rld" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Proto-v%C3%A4rld" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proto-v%C3%A4rld"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proto-v%C3%A4rld"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Proto-v%C3%A4rld" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Proto-värld</b> eller <b>proto-världsspråket</b> kallas den hypotetiska gemensamma förfadern till alla <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> som talas i världen idag. Detta språk kan ha talats för kanske 50 000 till 200 000 år sedan, innan <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a> spred sig över jorden och de olika <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilj" title="Språkfamilj">språkfamiljer</a> som talas idag efterhand utvecklades. De flesta<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, men inte alla<sup id="cite_ref-mothertongue_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mothertongue-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Historisk_lingvistik" title="Historisk lingvistik">historiska lingvister</a> ser det som ett helt omöjligt och orimligt företag att försöka rekonstruera något som ligger så långt tillbaka i historien. Om språket faktiskt har funnits, om språket går att belägga, och om språket går att rekonstruera, är tre separata frågeställningar. </p><p>Proto-värld behöver inte vara det <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kets_ursprung" title="Språkets ursprung">första språk som någonsin talades</a>. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniskans_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Människans evolution">Människans förfäder</a> har sannolikt haft någon form av språk under betydligt längre tid<sup id="cite_ref-lsj_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lsj-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Att språk har uppstått en gång i tiden följer av att människan härstammar från apliknande förfäder utan språk<sup id="cite_ref-lsj_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lsj-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Existensen av proto-värld kopplas ofta samman med <a href="/wiki/Monogenesteori" title="Monogenesteori">monogenesteorin</a>, att det mänskliga språket skulle ha uppstått vid ett enda tillfälle på en enda plats. Detta är dock inte nödvändigt. Språkets monogenes är brett accepterad bland lingvister<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, och ur monogenes följer existensen av proto-värld, men även om språkets yttersta ursprung är <a href="/wiki/Polygenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygenes">polygenetiskt</a> kan alla <i>nu levande</i> språk ändå ha en enda gemensam förfader, proto-värld, förutsatt att alla ursprungliga språkstammar utom en har dött ut<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rekonstruktion_av_proto-värld"><span id="Rekonstruktion_av_proto-v.C3.A4rld"></span>Rekonstruktion av proto-värld</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Rekonstruktion av proto-värld" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Rekonstruktion av proto-värld"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vissa försök har gjorts att identifiera ord som är gemensamma i många av världens <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilj" title="Språkfamilj">språkfamiljer</a>, och som därför skulle kunna härröra från proto-värld. På senare år har bland andra forskaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merritt_Ruhlen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merritt Ruhlen [inte skriven än]">Merritt Ruhlen</a> arbetat med problemet. Nedan följer några av hans rekonstruktioner<sup id="cite_ref-mothertongue_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mothertongue-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Symbolen V står för godtycklig vokal.): </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>Språk</th> <th>Vem?</th> <th>Vad?</th> <th>Två</th> <th>Vatten</th> <th>Ett/Finger</th> <th>Arm-1</th> <th>Arm-2</th> <th>Böja/Knä</th> <th>Hår</th> <th>Vagina/Vulva</th> <th>Lukta/Näsa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khoisanspr%C3%A5k" title="Khoisanspråk">Khoisanspråk</a></td> <td>!kū</td> <td>ma</td> <td>/kam</td> <td>k´´a</td> <td>//kɔnu</td> <td>//kū</td> <td>≠hā</td> <td>//gom</td> <td>/´u</td> <td>!kwai</td> <td>ĉ'u </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nilo-sahariska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Nilo-sahariska språk">Nilo-sahariska språk</a></td> <td>na</td> <td>de</td> <td>ball</td> <td>nki</td> <td>tok</td> <td>kani</td> <td>boko</td> <td>kutu</td> <td>sum</td> <td>buti</td> <td>ĉona </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niger-Kongospr%C3%A5k" title="Niger-Kongospråk">Niger-Kongospråk</a></td> <td>nani</td> <td>ni</td> <td>bala</td> <td>engi</td> <td>dike</td> <td>kono</td> <td>boko</td> <td>boŋgo</td> <td></td> <td>butu</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Afroasiatiska språk">Afroasiatiska språk</a></td> <td>k(w)</td> <td>ma</td> <td>bwVr</td> <td>ak’<sup>w</sup>a</td> <td>tak</td> <td>ganA</td> <td></td> <td>bunqe</td> <td>somm</td> <td>put</td> <td>suna </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydkaukasiska_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydkaukasiska språk">Sydkaukasiska språk</a></td> <td>min</td> <td>ma</td> <td>yor</td> <td>rt<sup>s/</sup>q'a</td> <td>ert</td> <td>t'ot'</td> <td>qe</td> <td>muql</td> <td>toma</td> <td>put´</td> <td>sun </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dravidiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Dravidiska språk">Dravidiska språk</a></td> <td>yāv</td> <td>yā</td> <td>irantu</td> <td>nīru</td> <td>birelu</td> <td>kaŋ</td> <td>kay</td> <td>menda</td> <td>pūta</td> <td>počču</td> <td>ĉuntu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurasiatiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Eurasiatiska språk">Eurasiatiska språk</a></td> <td>k<sup>w</sup>i</td> <td>mi</td> <td>pālā</td> <td>ak<sup>w</sup>a</td> <td>tik</td> <td>konV</td> <td>bhāghu(s)</td> <td>bük(ä)</td> <td>punče</td> <td>p'ut'V</td> <td>snā </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dene-Kaukasiska_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Dene-Kaukasiska språk">Dene-Kaukasiska språk</a></td> <td>k<sup>w</sup>i</td> <td>ma</td> <td>gnyis</td> <td>ʔoχ<sup>w</sup>a</td> <td>tok</td> <td>kan</td> <td>boq</td> <td>pjut</td> <td>t<sup>sh</sup>ām</td> <td>put´i</td> <td>suŋ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austriska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Austriska språk">Austriska språk</a></td> <td>o-ko-e</td> <td>m-anu</td> <td>ʔ(m)bar</td> <td>namaw</td> <td>ntoʔ</td> <td>xeen</td> <td>baγa</td> <td>buku</td> <td>śyām</td> <td>betik</td> <td>ijun </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indo-pacifiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indo-pacifiska språk">Indo-pacifiska språk</a></td> <td></td> <td>mina</td> <td>boula</td> <td>okho</td> <td>dik</td> <td>akan</td> <td>ben</td> <td>buku</td> <td>utu</td> <td></td> <td>sinna </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Australiska språk">Australiska språk</a></td> <td>ŋaani</td> <td>minha</td> <td>bula</td> <td>gugu</td> <td>kuman</td> <td>mala</td> <td>pajing</td> <td>buŋku</td> <td></td> <td>puda</td> <td>mura </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amerindiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Amerindiska språk">Amerindiska språk</a></td> <td>kune</td> <td>mana</td> <td>p'āl</td> <td>akwā</td> <td>dik'i</td> <td>kano</td> <td>boko</td> <td>buka</td> <td>summe</td> <td>butie</td> <td>ĉuna) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Några av de <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeiska">indoeuropeiska</a> ord som postuleras komma från ord i den här tabellen är <i>qui</i> (latin), <i>who</i> (engelska), <i>aqua</i> (latin), <i>digit</i> (engelska), <i>båge, böja</i> (svenska), och <i>fitta</i> (svenska). </p><p>Utifrån de här överensstämmelserna mellan språkfamiljer har <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merritt_Ruhlen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merritt Ruhlen [inte skriven än]">Merritt Ruhlen</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rekonstruerat tänkta ord i proto-värld-språket: </p> <ul><li><i>Ku</i> = Vem?</li> <li><i>Ma</i> = Vad?</li> <li><i>Pal</i> = Två</li> <li><i>Akwa</i> = Vatten</li> <li><i>Kw</i> = Dricka</li> <li><i>Kway</i> = Våt</li> <li><i>Tik</i> = Finger, Tå, Ett</li> <li><i>KanV</i> = Arm</li> <li><i>Bungn</i> = Knä, böja</li> <li><i>Sum</i> = Hår</li> <li><i>PutV</i> = Vulva, Vagina</li> <li><i>Cuna</i> = Näsa, lukta</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritik">Kritik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kritik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kritik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rent statistiskt, om man jämför tillräckligt många ord mellan tillräckligt många språk, går det alltid att finna ett antal ord som av en ren slump är likaljudande och likabetydande i två språk, utan att detta beror på, eller bevisar, släktskap mellan språken. Rena tillfälligheter, eller lån, kan ligga bakom likheter. Det har inte visats att den föreslagna proto-världordlistan består av mer än sådana sammanträffanden. </p><p>Det är inte en självklarhet att det måste ha funnits ett enda ursprung till världens talade språk. Men, bortsett från <a href="/wiki/Konstgjorda_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstgjorda språk">konstgjorda språk</a> finns det inga talade språk som utvecklats oberoende av andra. Bland <a href="/wiki/Teckenspr%C3%A5k" title="Teckenspråk">teckenspråk</a> finns dock flera som utvecklats självständigt, bland annat sju bara i <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. Åtminstone ett, <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguanskt_teckenspr%C3%A5k" title="Nicaraguanskt teckenspråk">nicaraguanskt teckenspråk</a>, utvecklades av döva barn som inte hade något annat språk<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Detta var inte en helt spontan språkutveckling eftersom deras familjer och lärare gjort försök att kommunicera med barnen och de därför var tränade i kommunikation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kets_ursprung" title="Språkets ursprung">Språkets ursprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniskans_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Människans evolution">Människans evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogenesteori" title="Monogenesteori">Monogenesteori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urspr%C3%A5k" title="Urspråk">Urspråk</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="/wiki/Engelskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Engelskspråkiga Wikipedia">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Human_language">Proto-Human language</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-Human_language&oldid=267150712">29 januari 2009</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tomasello" title="Michael Tomasello">Tomasello, Michael</a> (2003) <i>The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Language Structure</i> Lawrence Erlbaum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hock, Hans Henrich & Joseph, Brian D. (1996). <i>Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mothertongue-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-mothertongue_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mothertongue_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merritt_Ruhlen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merritt Ruhlen [inte skriven än]">Merritt Ruhlen</a>, 1996 <i>The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue</i> New York: John Wiley & Sons, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-471-58426-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-471-58426-6">ISBN 0-471-58426-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lsj-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-lsj_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lsj_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Johansson, Sverker (2005) <i>Origins of language - constraints on hypotheses</i> Amsterdam:Benjamins</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Wang, W S Y & Minett, J W (2005) <i>The invasion of language: emergence, change and death</i> Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20:263-269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Coupé, C & Hombert, J M (2005) <i>Polygenesis of linguistic strategies: a scenario for the emergence of language</i>, i Minett & Wang <i>Language acquisition, change and emergence: essays in evolutionary linguistics</i> City Univ Hong Kong Press <cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512041437/http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/pubtype/inbook_LanguageAcquisitionChangeandEmergenceEssaysinEvolutionaryLinguistics.html">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/pubtype/inbook_LanguageAcquisitionChangeandEmergenceEssaysinEvolutionaryLinguistics.html">originalet</a> den 12 maj 2008<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512041437/http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/pubtype/inbook_LanguageAcquisitionChangeandEmergenceEssaysinEvolutionaryLinguistics.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20080512041437/http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/pubtype/inbook_LanguageAcquisitionChangeandEmergenceEssaysinEvolutionaryLinguistics.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 februari 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080512041437%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.isrl.uiuc.edu%2F%7Eamag%2Flangev%2Fpubtype%2Finbook_LanguageAcquisitionChangeandEmergenceEssaysinEvolutionaryLinguistics.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Proto-v%C3%A4rld"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bengtson & Ruhlen (1994) <i>Global Etymologies</i> i <i>On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy</i>. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text">John D. Bengtson and Merritt Ruhlen (1994) 'Global Etymologies' i <i>On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy</i> by Merritt Ruhlen. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/Global.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928162047/http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/Global.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 28 september 2007 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906120432/http://www.columbia.edu/~as1038/pdf/Senghas1995a.pdf">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~as1038/pdf/Senghas1995a.pdf">originalet</a> den 6 september 2008<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906120432/http://www.columbia.edu/~as1038/pdf/Senghas1995a.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20080906120432/http://www.columbia.edu/~as1038/pdf/Senghas1995a.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 februari 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080906120432%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F%7Eas1038%2Fpdf%2FSenghas1995a.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Proto-v%C3%A4rld"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning"></span>Vidare läsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidare läsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidare läsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hock, Hans Henrich & Joseph, Brian D. (1996). <i>Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Chapter 17.</li> <li>Ruhlen, Merritt (1994) <i>The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-v%C3%A4rld&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070821230508/http://www.merrittruhlen.com/publications.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20070821230508/http://www.merrittruhlen.com/publications.html</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Slå upp <b><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/language" class="extiw" title="wikt:language">language</a></b> i ordlistan <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>.<div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/language" class="extiw" title="wikt:language">Ordbok</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zompist.com/langorg.htm">Proto-World and the Language Instinct</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529062824/http://www.zompist.com/proto">Deriving Proto-World with tools you probably have at home</a> A critique of the "maliq'a" world etymology from a methodological point of view</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-värld&oldid=55900584">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-värld&oldid=55900584</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5kindelning" title="Kategori:Språkindelning">Språkindelning</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Det_m%C3%A4nskliga_spr%C3%A5kets_utveckling" title="Kategori:Det mänskliga språkets utveckling">Det mänskliga språkets utveckling</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Urspr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Urspråk">Urspråk</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dold kategori: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Enwp" title="Kategori:Enwp">Enwp</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 9 september 2024 kl. 17.52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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