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</div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%29&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%29&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%29&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%29&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Тон (тел ғилеме) битенең сығанаҡ тексын ҡарарға</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Был мәҡәлә ошо телдә генә бар. Башҡа телдәрҙә лә яҙығыҙ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Тел өҫтәргә.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)" title="Эстәлек битен ҡарау [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бит</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)" rel="discussion" title="Биттең эстәлеге тураһында фекерләшеү [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Телде үҙгәртергә" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">башҡортса</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ҡарауҙар"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)&action=history" title="Биттең төҙәтеүҙәр журналы [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ҡоралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ғәмәлдәр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус 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Интонация, фонация һәм [[баҫым]] кеүек үк, тон да супрасегментлы, йәки просодик, билдәләргә ҡарай. Ғәҙәттә тон һуҙынҡыларға хас, ләкин тартынҡылары, йышыраҡ сонанталары, ошо ролдә сығыш яһаған телдәр ҙә бар. Һәр [[ижек]] ниндәй ҙә булһа тон менән әйтелгән тел тонлы йә тональ тип атала. Музыкаль баҫымлы телдәр ҙә тонлы телдәрҙең бер төрө булып тора, уларҙа һүҙҙәге бер йә бер нисә ижек айырылып тора һәм төрлө айырыу типтары тон билдәләре менән ҡаршы ҡуйыла. Тон ҡаршы ҡуйыуҙары фонациялы ҡаршы ҡуйыуҙар менән ҡатнашып килә ала ([[Көньяҡ-Көнсығыш Азия]]лағы телдәрҙең күпселеге шундай). == Акустика һәм [[Артикуляция (фонетика)|артикуляция]] == ''Төп тон йышлығы'' тондың акустик корреляты булып тора. Был йышлыҡ тауыш ярыларының тирбәлеү йышлығы менән билдәләнә. Акустика йәһәтенән төп тон йышлығы — телмәр сигналының беренсе гармоникаһы. Һәр һөйләүсенең төп тонының база йышлығы уға ғына хас һәм тамаҡ төҙөлөшө үҙенсәлектәренә бәйле була. Ир-ат тауышы өсөн — уртаса 80—210 Гц, ҡатын-ҡыҙ тауышы өсөн 150—320 Гц тәшкил итә. Төп тон йышлығы тирбәлеүҙәр ҡабатланыуы периодын көйләй. Төп тон йышлығының күтәрелеүе тыңлаусы тарафынан тонды күтәреү тип ҡабул ителә. <br> == Тон системалары == АҠШ лингвисы Кеннет Пайк телдәрҙе контурлы һәм регистрлы (тигеҙ) тонлыларға айыра. Регистрлы тондар, мәҫәлән, Африка телдәренең күпселегенә хас, башҡа төбәктәрҙә лә осрай. Ике тон кимәлле — юғары һәм түбән тон кимәлле системалар киң таралған. Өс кимәллеләр ҙә осрай. Донъя телдәрендә теркәлгән иң күп кимәлле тон — 5 кимәлле; ул манде һәм мяо-яо телдәренә хас. Өс быуынлы регистр системаһына карен теле ([[Мьянма]]) инә: {{Ipa|[tə́]}} 'бер', {{Ipa|[tə̀]}} 'ҡырмыҫҡа', {{Ipa|[tə]}} 'ҡалаҡ'. Регистрлы тондарға контурлылар ҡаршы ҡуйыла, йәғни уларҙа тон йышлығы һуҙынҡыны әйткән саҡта үҙгәрә. Ғәҙәттә уға миҫал итеп [[ҡытай теле]]н алалар; ҡытай телендә юғары тигеҙ, күтәрелеүсе, түбәнәйеүсе-күтәрелеүсе һәм киҫкен түбәнәйеүсе (шулай уҡ «нейтраль») тондар бар. Бер тел эсендә бер нисә контурлы тон регистрлы тондар менән ҡатнашып килә ала (шул уҡ ҡытай һәм тай телдәре). Бындай «ҡатнаш» системалар ярайһы уҡ йыш осрай, шуға ҡайһы бер ғалимдар регистрлы тондарҙы контурлы тондарҙың айырым бер осрағы итеп кенә ҡарай башланы. Мәҫәлән, автосегментлы фонология сиктәрендә түбәнәйеүсе тон бер тартынҡыла — ике тональ элементтың, H һәм L-дең, ә тигеҙ юғары тон HH эҙмә-эҙлелегенең тормошҡа ашыуы тип ҡарала. == Тондарҙың таралыуы == Ҡайһы бер баһаларға ярашлы, контрастив тондар донъя телдәренең яртыһы самаһында бар. Контурлы системалар ғәҙәттә ижекле (йәғни морфема сиктәре күп осраҡта ижек сиктәре менән тап килгән) телдәрҙә осрай, ә ижекһеҙ телдәргә нығыраҡ регистрлы тондар хас. * Ҡайһы бер син-тибет телдәре, шул иҫәптән [[ҡытай теле]]нең бөтә диалекттары, әҙәби тибет теле һәм [[бирма теле]]. Син-тибет ғаиләһендәге күп телдәрҙә (мәҫәлән, невар теле) тондар юҡ. Прасин-тибет телендә лә тон булмағандыр. * Австроазиат телдәре араһында вьет-мыонг тармағында (вьетнам телен дә индереп) тон системалары яҡшы үҫешкән. Мон-кхмер һәм мунда телдәрендә тондар юҡ. * Тай-кадай телдәре һәм мяо-яо телдәре яҡшы үҫешкән тон системаларына эйә. * Тон [[афразия телдәре]]ндә, атап әйткәндә, куши һәм омот, чад телдәрендә бар. * Күпселек нигер-конго телдәрендә тондар бар ([[Суахили теле|суахили]], волофтан тыш, манде ғаиләһендә — гвинея төньяҡ-көнбайыш диалекты ялонке). * Контурлы тондар койсан телдәрендә күҙәтелә. * Нил-сахара телдәрендәге тондар тасуирланған. * Атабаска телдәренең күбеһе тонлы (мәҫәлән, навахо). * Тондар отоманг телдәренең күбеһендә бар. * Киова-тано ғаиләһендә тондар системаһы һүрәтләнгән. * [[Амазонка]] бассейны, [[Яңы Гвинея]] телдәренең ҡайһы берҙәрендә тондар системаһы тасуирланған. * Креол телдәренең ҡайһы берҙәре, мәҫәлән, сарамакка, шулай уҡ тон системалы. * Енисей телдәрендә тондар булыуы бәхәсле. * [[Урал телдәре]]ндә тондар табылған[https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?page=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29&from=ru&to=ba&targettitle=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29#]. == Шулай уҡ ҡарағаҙ == * Интонация * Музыкаль баҫым == Иҫкәрмәләр == {{Иҫкәрмәләр|2}} == Әҙәбиәт == * Иванов, В. В. ''К синхронной и диахронической типологии просодических систем с ларингализованными или фарингализованными тонемами'' // Очерки по фонологии восточных языков — ред. Т. Я. Елизаренкова. М.: Наука, 1975, стр. 3-58 * Завьялова О. И. ''Диалекты китайского языка''. М.: Научная книга, 1996, с. 41-65 (глава «Фонология и морфонология китайского тона»). * Касевич, В. Б. ''Фонологические проблемы общего и восточного языкознания'' М.: Наука, 1983 * Кодзасов, С. В., Кривнова, О. Ф. ''Общая фонетика''. М.: РГГУ, 2001 * Ashby, Michael, & John Maidment. ''Introducing Phonetic Science''. Cambridge: CUP, 2005 * Bao, Zhiming. (1999). ''The structure of tone''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. ''Tone Sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialects''. Cambridge: CUP * Fromkin, Victoria A. (ed.). (1978). ''Tone: A linguistic survey''. New York: Academic Press. * Hombert, Jean-Marie, John J. Ohala & William G. Ewan (1979). ''Phonetic explanations for the development of tones'' // Language, 55, 37-58. * Maddieson, Ian. (1978). ''Universals of tone''. In J. H. Greenberg (Ed.), Universals of human language: Phonology (Vol. 2). Stanford: Stanford University Press. * Pike, Kenneth L. (1948). ''Tone languages: A technique for determining the number and type of pitch contrasts in a language, with studies in tonemic substitution and fusion''. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. * Pulleyblank, Douglas (1986) ''Tone in Lexical Phonology''. Dordrecht: Reidel. * Yip, Moira. (2002). ''Tone''. Cambridge textbooks in linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070222122113/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/moira/Tone%20for%20Cambridge%20Handbook%202006.pdf Yip, Moira. ''Tone''. To appear in P. de Lacy (ed.) ''The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2007. pp. 229—252.]{{ref-en}} [[Категория:Тонлы телдәр]] [[Категория:Фонология]] [[Категория:Фонетика]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Был биттә ҡулланылған ҡалыптар: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Commonslink2" title="Ҡалып:Commonslink2">Ҡалып:Commonslink2</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Commonslink2&action=edit" title="Ҡалып:Commonslink2">үҙгәртергә</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Ipa" title="Ҡалып:Ipa">Ҡалып:Ipa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Ipa&action=edit" title="Ҡалып:Ipa">үҙгәртергә</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Ref-en" title="Ҡалып:Ref-en">Ҡалып:Ref-en</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Ref-en&action=edit" title="Ҡалып:Ref-en">үҙгәртергә</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Ref-info" 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