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user-links-collapsible-item" title="利用者メニュー" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ja.wikipedia.org&uselang=ja"><span>寄付</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90&returnto=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D" title="アカウントを作成してログインすることをお勧めしますが、必須ではありません"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>アカウント作成</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D" title="ログインすることを推奨します。ただし、必須ではありません。 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ログイン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ログアウトした編集者のページ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D" aria-label="編集の詳細"><span>もっと詳しく</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集の一覧 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>投稿記録</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集についての議論 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>トーク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-予測" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#予測"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>予測</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-予測-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">4千年紀以降</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語21件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_10" title="アラビア語: ألفية 10" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفية 10" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniu_X" title="アストゥリアス語: Mileniu X" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mileniu X" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="アストゥリアス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_millennium" title="英語: 10th millennium" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="10th millennium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_milenio" title="スペイン語: X milenio" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="X milenio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/10e_milennium" title="西フリジア語: 10e milennium" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="10e milennium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西フリジア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%C3%A9vezred" title="ハンガリー語: 10. évezred" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="10. évezred" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ハンガリー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-10" title="インドネシア語: Milenium ke-10" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Milenium ke-10" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%C3%A1r%C3%BE%C3%BAsundi%C3%B0" title="アイスランド語: 10. árþúsundið" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="10. árþúsundið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="アイスランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C10%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0" title="韓国語: 제10천년기" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제10천년기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="マラーティー語: इ.स.चे १० वे सहस्रक" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १० वे सहस्रक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="マラーティー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-10" title="マレー語: Milenium ke-10" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Milenium ke-10" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="マレー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%80_%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ミャンマー語: ၁၀ ထောင်စုနှစ်" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၀ ထောင်စုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ミャンマー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_-c_%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="サハ語: 10 -c тыһыынча сыл" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="10 -c тыһыынча сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="サハ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="セルビア語: 10. миленијум" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="10. миленијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="セルビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_10" title="タイ語: คริสต์สหัสวรรษที่ 10" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์สหัสวรรษที่ 10" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="タイ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="ウクライナ語: 10-те тисячоліття" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="10-те тисячоліття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA_%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ウルドゥー語: دسواں ہزارہ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دسواں ہزارہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ウルドゥー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-mingyillik" title="ウズベク語: 10-mingyillik" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="10-mingyillik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ウズベク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ni%C3%AAn_k%E1%BB%B7_10" title="ベトナム語: Thiên niên kỷ 10" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên niên kỷ 10" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ベトナム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-10_nga_yukottuig" title="ワライ語: Ika-10 nga yukottuig" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-10 nga yukottuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ワライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC10%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4" title="広東語: 第10千年" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="第10千年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="広東語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q963455#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D" rel="discussion" title="本文ページについての議論 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ノート</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&action=history" title="このページの過去の版 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ツール" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ツール</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="その他の操作" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&action=history"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 全般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E5%85%83/4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D" title="ここにリンクしている全ウィキページの一覧 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>リンク元</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81/4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D" rel="nofollow" title="このページからリンクしているページの最近の更新 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>関連ページの更新状況</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&id=101395969&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="このページの引用方法"><span>このページを引用</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F4%25E5%258D%2583%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E7%25B4%2580%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E9%2599%258D"><span>短縮URLを取得する</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F4%25E5%258D%2583%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E7%25B4%2580%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E9%2599%258D"><span>QRコードをダウンロード</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 印刷/書き出し </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span>ブックの新規作成</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:DownloadAsPdf&page=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF 形式でダウンロード</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&printable=yes" title="このページの印刷用ページ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>印刷用バージョン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 他のプロジェクト </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q963455" title="関連付けられたデータリポジトリ項目へのリンク [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ウィキデータ項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="表示"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">非表示</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（<a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="4千年紀">4千年紀</a>から転送）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em; font-size: 80%;"><tbody><tr class="" style="" itemprop=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="ミレニアム">千年紀</a>:</th><td class="" style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;" itemprop=""> <a href="/wiki/3%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="3千年紀">3千年紀</a> - <b>4千年紀以降</b></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>4千年紀以降</b>（4せんねんきいこう）は、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9A%A6" title="西暦">西暦</a>による4番目以降の<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="ミレニアム">千年紀</a>（ミレニアム）で、3001年（31世紀）以降に当たる。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="予測"><span id=".E4.BA.88.E6.B8.AC"></span>予測</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 予測"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em; font-size: 90%;" role="note">→「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E3%81%AE%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5" title="地球の未来">地球の未来</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%81%AE%E7%B5%82%E7%84%89" title="宇宙の終焉">宇宙の終焉</a>」、および「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E3%81%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E3%81%AE%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="遠い未来のタイムライン">遠い未来のタイムライン</a>」を参照</div> <ul><li>3310年 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88" title="日本の人口統計">日本の人口</a>が22人になる<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>タイムカプセル開封:6939年（<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ニューヨーク">ニューヨーク</a>、1939年封）<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、6970年（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA" title="大阪">大阪</a>、1970年封）<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、8113年（<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="ジョージア州">ジョージア州</a>、1936年封）<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>9361年、9622年、9966年、10663年、11268年、11575年、15790年に日食と<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%9D%A2%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E" title="水星の太陽面通過">水星の太陽面通過</a>、15232年に日食と<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%9D%A2%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E" title="金星の太陽面通過">金星の太陽面通過</a>、69163年に水星と金星の太陽面通過が同時発生<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1万年に<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%8D%E3%83%96" title="デネブ">デネブ</a>、15500年に<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%AC" title="ベガ">ベガ</a>、22000年に<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="トゥバン">トゥバン</a>、28000年に<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9_(%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F)" title="ポラリス (恒星)">ポラリス</a>が<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%98%9F" title="北極星">北極星</a>に<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>12000年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5" title="南極">南極</a>ウィルクス盆地の氷塊が数百年で脱落、海面が3m上昇<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC1%E5%8F%B7" title="ボイジャー1号">ボイジャー1号</a>は4万年に<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC445" title="グリーゼ445">グリーゼ445</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC2%E5%8F%B7" title="ボイジャー2号">ボイジャー2号</a>は29.6万年に<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="シリウス">シリウス</a>、パイオニア10号は200万年に<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="アルデバラン">アルデバラン</a>に接近<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>38000年:ロス248が太陽から3光年に接近<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>5万年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%81%AE%E6%BB%9D" title="ナイアガラの滝">ナイアガラの滝</a>が<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E6%B9%96" title="エリー湖">エリー湖</a>に吸収<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>10万年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8A%E3%81%84%E3%81%AC%E5%BA%A7VY%E6%98%9F" title="おおいぬ座VY星">おおいぬ座VY星</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="極超新星">極超新星</a>爆発<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>30万年:<a href="/wiki/WR_104" title="WR 104">WR 104</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E7%B7%9A%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ガンマ線バースト">ガンマ線バースト</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>50万年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="バッドランズ国立公園">バッドランズ国立公園</a>が完全に侵食<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>100万年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="ベテルギウス">ベテルギウス</a>の超新星爆発<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="天王星">天王星</a>の衛星<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%BA%E3%83%87%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="デズデモーナ (衛星)">デズデモーナ</a>と<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%80_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="クレシダ (衛星)">クレシダ</a>（10億年後<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%83%89_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="キューピッド (衛星)">キューピッド</a>と<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="ベリンダ (衛星)">ベリンダ</a>も）が衝突<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="静かの基地">静かの基地</a>が侵食<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>140万年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC710" title="グリーゼ710">グリーゼ710</a>が太陽から0.2光年に接近、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E9%9B%B2" title="オールトの雲">オールトの雲</a>に作用し彗星が増加<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>270万年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%97%8F_(%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F)" title="ケンタウルス族 (小惑星)">ケンタウロス族</a>の半数が軌道を外れる<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>800万年:<a href="/wiki/LAGEOS" title="LAGEOS">LAGEOS</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97%E5%9C%8F%E5%86%8D%E7%AA%81%E5%85%A5" title="大気圏再突入">大気圏再突入</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1000万年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%BA%9D%E5%B8%AF" title="大地溝帯">大地溝帯</a>で<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB" title="アフリカ">アフリカ</a>が分裂<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>5000万年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B9_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="フォボス (衛星)">フォボス</a>が<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>に衝突<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%A4" title="サンアンドレアス断層">サンアンドレアス断層</a>が<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E6%B5%B7%E6%BA%9D" title="アリューシャン海溝">アリューシャン海溝</a>に沈む<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。地中海が消滅、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="ヒマラヤ">ヒマラヤ</a>級の山脈に<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1億年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E3%81%AE%E7%92%B0" title="土星の環">土星の環</a>が崩壊<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>2億年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="超大陸">超大陸</a>形成<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>8億年:太陽光度増大で二酸化炭素が減少し<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="光合成">光合成</a>が止まり、2億年で海が蒸発、更に18億年で全生物絶滅<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>10億年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ボイジャーのゴールデンレコード">ボイジャーのゴールデンレコード</a>の寿命<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>23億年:太陽風が<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97" title="地磁気">地磁気</a>の保護を失った大気を剥がし出す<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>30億年:月が離れ、地球の<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%82%BE%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%92" title="赤道傾斜角">赤道傾斜角</a>が不安定化<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>36億年:<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="トリトン (衛星)">トリトン</a>が海王星の潮汐力で環となる<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>40億年:銀河系とアンドロメダ銀河の衝突<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>75億年:太陽膨張で地球と火星が<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="潮汐固定">潮汐固定</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Red_Giant_Earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Red_Giant_Earth.jpg/220px-Red_Giant_Earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Red_Giant_Earth.jpg/330px-Red_Giant_Earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Red_Giant_Earth.jpg/440px-Red_Giant_Earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>70億年後の地球</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>76億年:太陽が<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E8%89%B2%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="赤色巨星">赤色巨星</a>化し地球を吸収、4億年で白色矮星化<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>500億年:地球と月がある場合、両者が潮汐固定<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1000億年:宇宙膨張で<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E6%89%80%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%BE%A4" title="局所銀河群">局所銀河群</a>外が観測不能に<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>4500億年:局所銀河群の銀河が統一<sup id="cite_ref-dying_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dying-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>8000億年:初の<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%89%B2%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F_(%E8%B5%A4%E8%89%B2%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E3%81%AE%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E6%AE%B5%E9%9A%8E)" title="青色矮星 (赤色矮星の進化段階)">青色矮星</a>出現<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>120兆年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%96%93%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9" title="星間ガス">星間ガス</a>を使い切り全恒星が寿命を迎え、10<sup>20</sup>年内に大半の褐色矮星とコンパクト星が銀河から弾き出される<sup id="cite_ref-dying_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dying-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>2×10<sup>36</sup>年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%AD%90" title="陽子">陽子</a>半減期が8.2×10<sup>33</sup>年なら、観測可能な宇宙の全陽子が崩壊<sup id="cite_ref-dying_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dying-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1.7×10<sup>106</sup>年:最大の<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ブラックホール">ブラックホール</a>が蒸発<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>10<sup>1500</sup>年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%AD%90" title="陽子">陽子</a>崩壊がなければ<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%84%E3%81%AE%E6%98%9F" title="鉄の星">鉄の星</a>出現、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{10^{26}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>26</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{10^{26}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bb0c64a684dab5a506013f1dae052f4c08f87cb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.7ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{10^{26}}}"></span>年後トンネル効果でブラックホール化<sup 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(2012). “Swansong Biospheres: Refuges for life and novel microbial biospheres on terrestrial planets near the end of their habitable lifetimes”. <i>International Journal of Astrobiology</i> <b>12</b> (2): 99–112. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (識別子)">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5721" class="extiw" title="arxiv:1210.5721">1210.5721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IJAsB..12...99O/abstract">2013IJAsB..12...99O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS147355041200047X">10.1017/S147355041200047X</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Swansong+Biospheres%3A+Refuges+for+life+and+novel+microbial+biospheres+on+terrestrial+planets+near+the+end+of+their+habitable+lifetimes&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Astrobiology&rft.aulast=O%27Malley-James%2C+Jack+T.&rft.au=O%27Malley-James%2C+Jack+T.&rft.au=Greaves%2C+Jane+S.&rft.au=Raven%2C+John+A.&rft.au=Cockell%2C+Charles+S.&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99%E2%80%93112&rft_id=info:arxiv/1210.5721&rft_id=info:bibcode/2013IJAsB..12...99O&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS147355041200047X&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">Jad Abumrad, Robert Krulwich (2010年2月12日). “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/2010/02/12/123534818/carl-sagan-and-ann-druyans-ultimate-mix-tape">Carl Sagan And Ann Druyan's Ultimate Mix Tape</a>”.  National Public Radio. <span title="">2024年1月12日</span>閲覧。</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">McDonough, W. F. (2004). “Compositional Model for the Earth's Core”. <i>Treatise on Geochemistry</i> <b>2</b>: 547–568. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003TrGeo...2..547M/abstract">2003TrGeo...2..547M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-043751-6%2F02015-6">10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/02015-6</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101121245">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:var(--color-success,#3a3);margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/978-0-08-043751-4" title="特別:文献資料/978-0-08-043751-4">978-0-08-043751-4</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Compositional+Model+for+the+Earth%27s+Core&rft.jtitle=Treatise+on+Geochemistry&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=W.+F.&rft.au=McDonough%2C%26%2332%3BW.+F.&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=547%E2%80%93568&rft_id=info:bibcode/2003TrGeo...2..547M&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FB0-08-043751-6%2F02015-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-043751-4&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal" id="CITEREFQuirin_Shlermeler2005">Quirin Shlermeler (3 March 2005). “Solar wind hammers the ozone layer”. <i>News@nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews050228-12">10.1038/news050228-12</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Solar+wind+hammers+the+ozone+layer&rft.jtitle=News%40nature&rft.aulast=Quirin+Shlermeler&rft.au=Quirin+Shlermeler&rft.date=3+March+2005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnews050228-12&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Neron de Surgey, O.; Laskar, J. 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T.; Loeb, Abraham (2007). “The Collision Between The Milky Way And Andromeda”. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i> <b>386</b> (1): 461–474. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (識別子)">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0705.1170" class="extiw" title="arxiv:0705.1170">0705.1170</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MNRAS.tmp..333C/abstract">2008MNRAS.tmp..333C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2008.13048.x">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13048.x</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Collision+Between+The+Milky+Way+And+Andromeda&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.aulast=Cox%2C+J.+T.&rft.au=Cox%2C+J.+T.&rft.au=Loeb%2C+Abraham&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=386&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=461%E2%80%93474&rft_id=info:arxiv/0705.1170&rft_id=info:bibcode/2008MNRAS.tmp..333C&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2008.13048.x&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation book">Kargel, Jeffrey Stuart (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=0QY0U6qJKFUC&pg=PA509&lpg=PA509&dq=mars+future+%22billion+years%22+sun"><i>Mars: A Warmer, Wetter Planet</i></a>. Springer. p. 509. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r101121245"><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/978-1-85233-568-7" title="特別:文献資料/978-1-85233-568-7">978-1-85233-568-7</a><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/?id=0QY0U6qJKFUC&pg=PA509&lpg=PA509&dq=mars+future+%22billion+years%22+sun">https://books.google.com/?id=0QY0U6qJKFUC&pg=PA509&lpg=PA509&dq=mars+future+%22billion+years%22+sun</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span title="">2023年11月17日</span>閲覧。</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mars%3A+A+Warmer%2C+Wetter+Planet&rft.aulast=Kargel%2C+Jeffrey+Stuart&rft.au=Kargel%2C+Jeffrey+Stuart&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B509&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-1-85233-568-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D0QY0U6qJKFUC%26pg%3DPA509%26lpg%3DPA509%26dq%3Dmars%2Bfuture%2B%2522billion%2Byears%2522%2Bsun&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Schroder, K. P.; Connon Smith, Robert (2008). “Distant Future of the Sun and Earth Revisited”. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i> <b>386</b> (1): 155–163. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (識別子)">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.4031" class="extiw" title="arxiv:0801.4031">0801.4031</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MNRAS.386..155S/abstract">2008MNRAS.386..155S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2008.13022.x">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Distant+Future+of+the+Sun+and+Earth+Revisited&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.aulast=Schroder&rft.aufirst=K.+P.&rft.au=Schroder%2C%26%2332%3BK.+P.&rft.au=Connon+Smith%2C%26%2332%3BRobert&rft.date=2008&rft.volume=386&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=155%E2%80%93163&rft_id=info:arxiv/0801.4031&rft_id=info:bibcode/2008MNRAS.386..155S&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2008.13022.x&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation book">Murray, C.D.; Dermott, S.F. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aU6vcy5L8GAC&pg=PA184#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Solar System Dynamics</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 184. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r101121245"><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/978-0-521-57295-8" title="特別:文献資料/978-0-521-57295-8">978-0-521-57295-8</a><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aU6vcy5L8GAC&pg=PA184#v=onepage&q&f=false">https://books.google.com/books?id=aU6vcy5L8GAC&pg=PA184#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solar+System+Dynamics&rft.aulast=Murray%2C+C.D.&rft.au=Murray%2C+C.D.&rft.au=Dermott%2C+S.F.&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B184&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57295-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaU6vcy5L8GAC%26pg%3DPA184%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Loeb, Abraham (2011). “Cosmology with Hypervelocity Stars”. <i>Harvard University</i> <b>2011</b>: 023. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (識別子)">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0007" class="extiw" title="arxiv:1102.0007">1102.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JCAP...04..023L/abstract">2011JCAP...04..023L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1475-7516%2F2011%2F04%2F023">10.1088/1475-7516/2011/04/023</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cosmology+with+Hypervelocity+Stars&rft.jtitle=Harvard+University&rft.aulast=Loeb%2C+Abraham&rft.au=Loeb%2C+Abraham&rft.date=2011&rft.volume=2011&rft.pages=023&rft_id=info:arxiv/1102.0007&rft_id=info:bibcode/2011JCAP...04..023L&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1475-7516%2F2011%2F04%2F023&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dying-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dying_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dying_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dying_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Adams, Fred C.; Laughlin, Gregory (April 1997). “A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects”. <i>Reviews of Modern Physics</i> <b>69</b> (2): 337-372. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (識別子)">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9701131" class="extiw" title="arxiv:astro-ph/9701131">astro-ph/9701131</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997RvMP...69..337A/abstract">1997RvMP...69..337A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.69.337">10.1103/RevModPhys.69.337</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+dying+universe%3A+the+long-term+fate+and+evolution+of+astrophysical+objects&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Fred+C.&rft.au=Adams%2C%26%2332%3BFred+C.&rft.au=Laughlin%2C+Gregory&rft.date=April+1997&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=337-372&rft_id=info:arxiv/astro-ph%2F9701131&rft_id=info:bibcode/1997RvMP...69..337A&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.69.337&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Adams, F. C.; Graves, G. J. M.; Laughlin, G. (December 2004). García-Segura, G.; Tenorio-Tagle, G.; Franco, J. et al.. eds. “Red Dwarfs and the End of the Main Sequence”. <i>Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias)</i> <b>22</b>: 46–49. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004RMxAC..22...46A/abstract">2004RMxAC..22...46A</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Red+Dwarfs+and+the+End+of+the+Main+Sequence&rft.jtitle=Revista+Mexicana+de+Astronom%C3%ADa+y+Astrof%C3%ADsica+%28Serie+de+Conferencias%29&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=F.+C.&rft.au=Adams%2C%26%2332%3BF.+C.&rft.au=Graves%2C%26%2332%3BG.+J.+M.&rft.au=Laughlin%2C%26%2332%3BG.&rft.date=December+2004&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=46%E2%80%9349&rft_id=info:bibcode/2004RMxAC..22...46A&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Page, Don N. (1976). “Particle Emission Rates from a Black Hole: Massless Particles from an Uncharged, Nonrotating Hole”. <i>Physical Review D</i> <b>13</b> (2): 198-206. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976PhRvD..13..198P/abstract">1976PhRvD..13..198P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.13.198">10.1103/PhysRevD.13.198</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Particle+Emission+Rates+from+a+Black+Hole%3A+Massless+Particles+from+an+Uncharged%2C+Nonrotating+Hole&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+D&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Don+N.&rft.au=Page%2C%26%2332%3BDon+N.&rft.date=1976&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=198-206&rft_id=info:bibcode/1976PhRvD..13..198P&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.13.198&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Dyson, Freeman J. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Global/Omega/dyson.txt">“Time Without End: Physics and Biology in an Open Universe”</a>. <i>Reviews of Modern Physics</i> <b>51</b> (3): 447–460. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979RvMP...51..447D/abstract">1979RvMP...51..447D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.447">10.1103/RevModPhys.51.447</a><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Global/Omega/dyson.txt">http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Global/Omega/dyson.txt</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span title="">2023年11月18日</span>閲覧。</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Time+Without+End%3A+Physics+and+Biology+in+an+Open+Universe&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.aulast=Dyson%2C+Freeman+J.&rft.au=Dyson%2C+Freeman+J.&rft.date=1979&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=447%E2%80%93460&rft_id=info:bibcode/1979RvMP...51..447D&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.447&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aleph.se%2FTrans%2FGlobal%2FOmega%2Fdyson.txt&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E9%99%8D"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox" aria-labelledby="世紀と千年紀" style="border-collapse:collapse;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="background:transparent;color:inherit;min-width:100%;border-spacing:0px;border-collapse:separate"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div style="float:left;width:6em;text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar hlist" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:60%;font-weight:normal;background-color:transparent;padding:0;color:#000;;border:none;"><ul style="display:inline"><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Template:世紀"><span title="このテンプレートを表示します" style="font-size:125%;;;border:none;">表</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template%E2%80%90%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="「Template‐ノート:世紀」 (存在しないページ)"><span title="このテンプレートのノートを表示します" style="font-size:125%;color:#002bb8;;;border:none;">話</span></a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3A%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80&action=edit"><span title="このテンプレートを編集します。保存の前にプレビューを忘れずに。" style="font-size:125%;color:#002bb8;;;border:none;">編</span></a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3A%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80&action=history"><span title="このテンプレートの過去の版を表示します" style="font-size:125%;color:#002bb8;;;border:none;">歴</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div id="世紀と千年紀" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 6em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="世紀">世紀</a>と<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="ミレニアム">千年紀</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table style="text-align:center;width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#efefef; width:10%;">千年紀</th> <th colspan="10" style="background-color:#efefef; width:90%;">世紀</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="11" style="background-color:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D" title="紀元前">紀元前</a> (BC)</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D11%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E5%89%8D" title="紀元前11千年紀以前">BC11千年紀以前</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D10%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前10千年紀">BC10千年紀</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D9%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前9千年紀">BC9千年紀</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D8%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前8千年紀">BC8千年紀</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D7%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前7千年紀">BC7千年紀</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D6%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前6千年紀">BC6千年紀</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D5%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前5千年紀">BC5千年紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:9%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前4千年紀">BC4千年紀</a></b></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D40%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前40世紀">BC40世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D39%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前39世紀">BC39世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D38%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前38世紀">BC38世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D37%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前37世紀">BC37世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D36%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前36世紀">BC36世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D35%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前35世紀">BC35世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D34%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前34世紀">BC34世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D33%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前33世紀">BC33世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D32%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前32世紀">BC32世紀</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D31%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前31世紀">BC31世紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D3%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前3千年紀">BC3千年紀</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D30%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前30世紀">BC30世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D29%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前29世紀">BC29世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D28%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前28世紀">BC28世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D27%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前27世紀">BC27世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D26%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前26世紀">BC26世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D25%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前25世紀">BC25世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D24%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前24世紀">BC24世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D23%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前23世紀">BC23世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D22%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前22世紀">BC22世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D21%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前21世紀">BC21世紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D2%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前2千年紀">BC2千年紀</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前20世紀">BC20世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D19%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前19世紀">BC19世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D18%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前18世紀">BC18世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D17%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前17世紀">BC17世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D16%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前16世紀">BC16世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前15世紀">BC15世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D14%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前14世紀">BC14世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D13%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前13世紀">BC13世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前12世紀">BC12世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D11%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前11世紀">BC11世紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D1%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前1千年紀">BC1千年紀</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D10%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前10世紀">BC10世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D9%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前9世紀">BC9世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D8%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前8世紀">BC8世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D7%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前7世紀">BC7世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D6%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前6世紀">BC6世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D5%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前5世紀">BC5世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D4%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前4世紀">BC4世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D3%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前3世紀">BC3世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D2%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前2世紀">BC2世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D1%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前1世紀">BC1世紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="11" style="background-color:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9A%A6" title="西暦">紀元</a> (AD)</th> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="1千年紀">1千年紀</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="1世紀">1世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="2世紀">2世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="3世紀">3世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/4%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="4世紀">4世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="5世紀">5世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/6%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="6世紀">6世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/7%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="7世紀">7世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="8世紀">8世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/9%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="9世紀">9世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/10%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="10世紀">10世紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="2千年紀">2千年紀</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/11%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="11世紀">11世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀">12世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/13%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="13世紀">13世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/14%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="14世紀">14世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="15世紀">15世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/16%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="16世紀">16世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/17%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="17世紀">17世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/18%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="18世紀">18世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="19世紀">19世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="20世紀">20世紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/3%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="3千年紀">3千年紀</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/21%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="21世紀">21世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/22%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="22世紀">22世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/23%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="23世紀">23世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/24%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="24世紀">24世紀</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/25%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="25世紀">25世紀</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" style="text-align:left"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4千年紀以降</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <ul><li>カテゴリ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="Category:世紀">世紀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="Category:千年紀">千年紀</a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">「<a dir="ltr" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4千年紀以降&oldid=101395969">https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4千年紀以降&oldid=101395969</a>」から取得</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%82%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA" title="特別:カテゴリ">カテゴリ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="Category:千年紀">千年紀</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 最終更新 2024年8月8日 (木) 04:14 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