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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kontenut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mexxi għall-ġenb</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">aħbi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Bidu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Denominazzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denominazzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Denominazzjoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denominazzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ġeografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġeografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ġeografija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ġeografija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Ġeografija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ġeografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ġeografija_fiżika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġeografija_fiżika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ġeografija fiżika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ġeografija_fiżika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ġeoloġija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġeoloġija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ġeoloġija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ġeoloġija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meded_tal-muntanji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meded_tal-muntanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Meded tal-muntanji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meded_tal-muntanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xmajjar,_lagi_u_kosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xmajjar,_lagi_u_kosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Xmajjar, lagi u kosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xmajjar,_lagi_u_kosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Xmajjar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xmajjar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Xmajjar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xmajjar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Lagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gżejjer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gżejjer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Gżejjer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gżejjer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punti_estremi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punti_estremi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Punti estremi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punti_estremi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fil-majjistral_u_fit-tramuntana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fil-majjistral_u_fit-tramuntana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Fil-majjistral u fit-tramuntana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fil-majjistral_u_fit-tramuntana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fil-Lvant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fil-Lvant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Fil-Lvant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fil-Lvant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiċ-ċentru_u_fin-nofsinhar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiċ-ċentru_u_fin-nofsinhar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Fiċ-ċentru u fin-nofsinhar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiċ-ċentru_u_fin-nofsinhar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambjent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambjent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Ambjent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambjent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fawna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fawna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Fawna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fawna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ġeografija_umana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġeografija_umana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Ġeografija umana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ġeografija_umana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ġeografija_ekonomika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġeografija_ekonomika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Ġeografija ekonomika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ġeografija_ekonomika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ġeografija_umana_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġeografija_umana_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Ġeografija umana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ġeografija_umana_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diviżjoni_amministrattiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diviżjoni_amministrattiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.1</span> <span>Diviżjoni amministrattiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diviżjoni_amministrattiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Żoni_metropolitani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Żoni_metropolitani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.2</span> <span>Żoni metropolitani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Żoni_metropolitani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popolazzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popolazzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Popolazzjoni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popolazzjoni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Popolazzjoni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popolazzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Demografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Żvilupp_demografiku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Żvilupp_demografiku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Żvilupp demografiku</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Żvilupp_demografiku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popolazzjoni_barranija_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popolazzjoni_barranija_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Popolazzjoni barranija (2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popolazzjoni_barranija_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingwi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingwi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lingwi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingwi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reliġjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reliġjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reliġjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reliġjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tradizzjonijiet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradizzjonijiet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Tradizzjonijiet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradizzjonijiet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relazzjoni_bejn_l-istat_u_r-reliġjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relazzjoni_bejn_l-istat_u_r-reliġjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Relazzjoni bejn l-istat u r-reliġjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relazzjoni_bejn_l-istat_u_r-reliġjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proporzjonijiet_tal-popolazzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proporzjonijiet_tal-popolazzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Proporzjonijiet tal-popolazzjoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proporzjonijiet_tal-popolazzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ir-reliġjon_fil-Ġermanja_(stima_għall-2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ir-reliġjon_fil-Ġermanja_(stima_għall-2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Ir-reliġjon fil-Ġermanja (stima għall-2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ir-reliġjon_fil-Ġermanja_(stima_għall-2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Storja</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Storja</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preistorja,_Ċelti,_popli_Ġermaniċi_u_Rumani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preistorja,_Ċelti,_popli_Ġermaniċi_u_Rumani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Preistorja, Ċelti, popli Ġermaniċi u Rumani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preistorja,_Ċelti,_popli_Ġermaniċi_u_Rumani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il-Migrazzjoni_u_l-Medju_Evu_Bikri_(375–962)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il-Migrazzjoni_u_l-Medju_Evu_Bikri_(375–962)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Il-Migrazzjoni u l-Medju Evu Bikri (375–962)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il-Migrazzjoni_u_l-Medju_Evu_Bikri_(375–962)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minn_Franza_tal-Lvant_sal-Imperu_Ruman_Qaddis_(962-1806)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minn_Franza_tal-Lvant_sal-Imperu_Ruman_Qaddis_(962-1806)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Minn Franza tal-Lvant sal-Imperu Ruman Qaddis (962-1806)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minn_Franza_tal-Lvant_sal-Imperu_Ruman_Qaddis_(962-1806)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konfederazzjoni_tar-Rhine,_Konfederazzjoni_Ġermaniża,_Konfederazzjoni_tal-Ġermanja_tat-Tramuntana_(1806–1871)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konfederazzjoni_tar-Rhine,_Konfederazzjoni_Ġermaniża,_Konfederazzjoni_tal-Ġermanja_tat-Tramuntana_(1806–1871)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Konfederazzjoni tar-Rhine, Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża, Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana (1806–1871)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konfederazzjoni_tar-Rhine,_Konfederazzjoni_Ġermaniża,_Konfederazzjoni_tal-Ġermanja_tat-Tramuntana_(1806–1871)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperu_Ġermaniż_(1871-1918)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperu_Ġermaniż_(1871-1918)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Imperu Ġermaniż (1871-1918)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperu_Ġermaniż_(1871-1918)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repubblika_ta'_Weimar_(1919-1933)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repubblika_ta'_Weimar_(1919-1933)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Repubblika ta' Weimar (1919-1933)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repubblika_ta'_Weimar_(1919-1933)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dittatorjat_Nazzjonali_Soċjalista_(1933-1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dittatorjat_Nazzjonali_Soċjalista_(1933-1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Dittatorjat Nazzjonali Soċjalista (1933-1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dittatorjat_Nazzjonali_Soċjalista_(1933-1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il-Ġermanja_taħt_l-okkupazzjoni_Alleata_(1945-1949)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il-Ġermanja_taħt_l-okkupazzjoni_Alleata_(1945-1949)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Il-Ġermanja taħt l-okkupazzjoni Alleata (1945-1949)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il-Ġermanja_taħt_l-okkupazzjoni_Alleata_(1945-1949)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repubblika_Federali_tal-Ġermanja_u_GDR_(1949-1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repubblika_Federali_tal-Ġermanja_u_GDR_(1949-1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja u GDR (1949-1990)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repubblika_Federali_tal-Ġermanja_u_GDR_(1949-1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il-Ġermanja_riunifikata_(mill-1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il-Ġermanja_riunifikata_(mill-1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Il-Ġermanja riunifikata (mill-1990)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il-Ġermanja_riunifikata_(mill-1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Politika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fundazzjoni_tal-stat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundazzjoni_tal-stat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fundazzjoni tal-stat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundazzjoni_tal-stat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorju_nazzjonali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorju_nazzjonali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Territorju nazzjonali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorju_nazzjonali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sistema politika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leġiżlatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leġiżlatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Leġiżlatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leġiżlatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eżekuttiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eżekuttiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Eżekuttiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eżekuttiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baġit_tal-Stat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baġit_tal-Stat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Baġit tal-Stat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baġit_tal-Stat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partiti_politiċi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partiti_politiċi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Partiti politiċi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partiti_politiċi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika_ewropea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika_ewropea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Politika ewropea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politika_ewropea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika_barranija_u_ta'_sigurtà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika_barranija_u_ta'_sigurtà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Politika barranija u ta' sigurtà</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politika_barranija_u_ta'_sigurtà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Militari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dipartiment_tan-nar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dipartiment_tan-nar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Dipartiment tan-nar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dipartiment_tan-nar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pulizija_u_servizzi_ta'_intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pulizija_u_servizzi_ta'_intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Pulizija u servizzi ta' intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pulizija_u_servizzi_ta'_intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dritt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dritt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Dritt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dritt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oriġini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriġini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11.1</span> <span>Oriġini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriġini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dittatorjat_u_wara_l-gwerra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dittatorjat_u_wara_l-gwerra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11.2</span> <span>Dittatorjat u wara l-gwerra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dittatorjat_u_wara_l-gwerra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preżenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preżenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11.3</span> <span>Preżenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preżenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preżenti_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preżenti_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11.4</span> <span>Preżenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preżenti_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ġurisprudenza_kostituzzjonali_tal-qrati_tal-UE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ġurisprudenza_kostituzzjonali_tal-qrati_tal-UE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11.5</span> <span>Ġurisprudenza kostituzzjonali tal-qrati tal-UE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ġurisprudenza_kostituzzjonali_tal-qrati_tal-UE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekonomija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Ekonomija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L-essenzjali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L-essenzjali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>L-essenzjali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L-essenzjali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kummerċ_barrani_u_żvilupp_ekonomiku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kummerċ_barrani_u_żvilupp_ekonomiku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Kummerċ barrani u żvilupp ekonomiku</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kummerċ_barrani_u_żvilupp_ekonomiku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrija_tal-karozzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrija_tal-karozzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Industrija tal-karozzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrija_tal-karozzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teknoloġiji_ta'_l-informazzjoni_u_telekomunikazzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teknoloġiji_ta'_l-informazzjoni_u_telekomunikazzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Teknoloġiji ta' l-informazzjoni u telekomunikazzjoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teknoloġiji_ta'_l-informazzjoni_u_telekomunikazzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerġija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerġija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Enerġija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerġija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsum_tal-enerġija_primarja_fil-Ġermanja_-_Sors_ta'_enerġija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsum_tal-enerġija_primarja_fil-Ġermanja_-_Sors_ta'_enerġija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>Konsum tal-enerġija primarja fil-Ġermanja - Sors ta' enerġija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsum_tal-enerġija_primarja_fil-Ġermanja_-_Sors_ta'_enerġija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turiżmu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turiżmu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Turiżmu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turiżmu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffiku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffiku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Traffiku</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traffiku-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Traffiku</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traffiku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traffiku_fit-toroq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffiku_fit-toroq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Traffiku fit-toroq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffiku_fit-toroq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trasport_bil-ferrovija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trasport_bil-ferrovija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Trasport bil-ferrovija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trasport_bil-ferrovija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trasport_lokali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trasport_lokali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Trasport lokali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trasport_lokali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trasport_bl-ajru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trasport_bl-ajru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Trasport bl-ajru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trasport_bl-ajru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffiku_marittimu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffiku_marittimu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Traffiku marittimu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffiku_marittimu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Midja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Midja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Midja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soċjetà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soċjetà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Soċjetà</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Soċjetà-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uri jew aħbi s-sottosezzjoni Soċjetà</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Soċjetà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saħħa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saħħa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Saħħa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saħħa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edukazzjoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edukazzjoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Edukazzjoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edukazzjoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xjenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xjenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Xjenza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xjenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L-aktar_bliet_popolati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L-aktar_bliet_popolati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>L-aktar bliet popolati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L-aktar_bliet_popolati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallerija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallerija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Gallerija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallerija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Referenzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kontenut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aħbi jew uri l-werrej" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aħbi jew uri l-werrej</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ġermanja</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Żur artiklu f'lingwa differenti. Disponibbli fi 306 lingwi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-306" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">306 lingwi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Германиа – Abkażjan" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Германиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkażjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeureuman" title="Jeureuman – Aċiniż" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jeureuman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aċiniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Германие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Германие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland – Afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland" title="Deutschland – Ġermaniż tal-Iżvizzera" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutschland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż tal-Iżvizzera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95" title="ጀርመን – Amhariku" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርመን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhariku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Aragoniż" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eeodscland" title="Þeodscland – Ingliż Antik" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þeodscland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Ingliż Antik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jameni" title="Jameni – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jameni" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ألمانيا – Għarbi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألمانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Għarbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A2" title="ܓܪܡܢ – Aramajk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܪܡܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramajk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ألمانيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألمانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="المانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="জাৰ্মানী – Assamiż" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাৰ্মানী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Avarik" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana" title="Germana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Germana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alima%C3%B1a" title="Alimaña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Alimaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya" title="Almaniya – Ażerbajġani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Ażerbajġani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Baliniż" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Baliniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitschland" title="Deitschland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitschland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABt%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Vuokītėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Германія – Belarussu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Германія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нямеччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нямеччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8tslan" title="Dètslan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Dètslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Bulgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemani" title="Jemani – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jemani" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဂျာမနီခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂျာမနီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alima%C9%B2i" title="Alimaɲi – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Alimaɲi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="জার্মানি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མན། – Tibetjan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="জার্মানি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জার্মানি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alamagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka – Bożnijaku" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bożnijaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨍᨙᨑᨆᨊ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨍᨙᨑᨆᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Германи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ik-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dáik-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dáik-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Девтойчоь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%A5" title="ᎠᏛᏥ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏛᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27ev%C3%A9%27ho%27%C3%A9no" title="Ma'evé'ho'éno – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'evé'ho'éno" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئەڵمانیا – Kurd Ċentrali" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵمانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurd Ċentrali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Korsiku" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaniya" title="Almaniya – Tork tal-Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Almaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tork tal-Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmecko" title="Německo – Ċek" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ċek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemieck%C3%B4" title="Niemieckô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Niemieckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%A3%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Нѣмьци – Slaviku tal-Knisja" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нѣмьци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Slaviku tal-Knisja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Германи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Almaen" title="Yr Almaen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Almaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – Daniż" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland" title="Deutschland – Ġermaniż" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutschland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Almanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimska" title="Nimska – Sorbjan Komuni" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbjan Komuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ޖަރުމަނުވިލާތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަރުމަނުވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2" title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzamanya" title="Dzamanya – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dzamanya" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γερμανία – Grieg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A2gna" title="Germâgna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Germâgna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Ingliż" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingliż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – Spanjol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanjol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksamaa" title="Saksamaa – Estonjan" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksamaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – Bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – Persjan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaanya" title="Almaanya – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Almaanya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa" title="Saksa – Finlandiż" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27aksamaa" title="S'aksamaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="S'aksamaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamani" title="Jamani – Fiġjan" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jamani" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiġjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BDskland" title="Týskland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Týskland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne – Franċiż" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemagnes" title="Alemagnes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alemagnes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%BCschl%C3%B6nj" title="Tjüschlönj – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tjüschlönj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermanie" title="Gjermanie – Frijuljan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjermanie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Frijuljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsl%C3%A2n" title="Dútslân – Frisian tal-Punent" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian tal-Punent" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1in" title="An Ghearmáin – Irlandiż" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Germaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="德國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanlmangn" title="Lanlmangn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanlmangn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Ghearmailt" title="A' Ghearmailt – Galliku Skoċċiż" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Ghearmailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Galliku Skoċċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – Galiċjan" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiċjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Alemáña – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Alemáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gotiku" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80" title="જર્મની – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મની" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghermaan" title="Yn Ghermaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghermaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamus" title="Jamus – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jamus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-koet" title="Tet-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelem%C4%81nia" title="Kelemānia – Ħawajjan" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kelemānia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Ħawajjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="גרמניה – Ebrajk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ebrajk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka – Kroat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmska" title="Němska – Sorbjan ta’ Fuq" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Němska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbjan ta’ Fuq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almay" title="Almay – Creole ta’ Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Almay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creole ta’ Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9metorsz%C3%A1g" title="Németország – Ungeriż" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Németország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungeriż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գերմանիա – Armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գերմանիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գերմանիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jereman" title="Jereman – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jereman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Indoneżjan" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneżjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9man%E1%BB%8B" title="Jémanị – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jémanị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuitchilan" title="Tuitchilan – Inupjak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tuitchilan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupjak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Немций мохк – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland – Iżlandiż" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýskaland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iżlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Taljan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Taljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%94%AE%E1%92%AA%E1%93%82" title="ᔮᒪᓂ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᔮᒪᓂ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84" title="ドイツ – Ġappuniż" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Ġappuniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joermani" title="Joermani – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joermani" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotygu%27e" title="dotygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Ġavaniż" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ġavaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გერმანია – Ġorġjan" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Ġorġjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Germaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalman" title="Lalman – Kabuljan" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lalman" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabuljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Джэрмэн – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Джэрмэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama" title="Caama – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caama" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%CC%B1ni" title="Jami̱ni – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Jami̱ni" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanyi" title="Alemanyi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Alemanyi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nj%C4%A9r%C4%A9mani" title="Njĩrĩmani – Kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Njĩrĩmani" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Każak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Każak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អាល្លឺម៉ង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC" title="독일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Немечму – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Немечму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جَرمَنی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جَرمَنی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCtschland" title="Dütschland – Kolonjan" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dütschland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kolonjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya – Kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Almanya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almayn" title="Almayn – Korniku" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Almayn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Korniku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Kirgiż" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almania" title="Almania – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Almania" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4itschland" title="Däitschland – Lussemburgiż" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Däitschland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lussemburgiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Leżgjan" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Leżgjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutxland" title="Deutxland – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Deutxland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girimane" title="Girimane – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Girimane" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A9mani" title="Alémani – Lingaljan" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Alémani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນ – Laosjan" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laosjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokietija" title="Vokietija – Litwan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokietija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuoceja" title="Vuoceja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vuoceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cija" title="Vācija – Latvjan" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A8rman" title="Jèrman – Maduriż" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jèrman" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Maduriż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Дойчмастор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дойчмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemaina" title="Alemaina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alemaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Немыч Эл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч Эл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiamana" title="Tiamana – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tiamana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Германија – Maċedonjan" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Maċedonjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ജർമ്മനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജർമ്മനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман – Mongoljan" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Герман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoljan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanha" title="Almanha – Mirandiż" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Almanha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂျာမနီနိုင်ငံ – Burmiż" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမနီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Германия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Германия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آلمان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Naplitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtschland" title="Düütschland – Ġermaniż Komuni" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütschland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Ġermaniż Komuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutslaand" title="Duutslaand – Sassonu Komuni" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Duutslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sassonu Komuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Nepaliż" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaliż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland – Olandiż" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitsland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Olandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – Ninorsk Norveġiż" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Ninorsk Norveġiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – Bokmal Norveġiż" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norveġiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8A%DF%9F%DF%8F%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%98%DF%8E%DF%AF" title="ߊߟߏߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߊߟߏߡߊ߲ߘߎ߯" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemangne" title="Allemangne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Allemangne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremane" title="Jeremane – Soto tat-Tramuntana" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Jeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Soto tat-Tramuntana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_Bich%CA%BCahii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha – Oċċitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oċċitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germuanii" title="Germuanii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germuanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmanii" title="Jarmanii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jarmanii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80" title="ଜର୍ମାନୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜର୍ମାନୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Герман – Ossettiku" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Герман" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossettiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਜਰਮਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Pangasinjan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alemania" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanne" title="Alemanne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alemanne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitschland" title="Deitschland – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Deitschland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland" title="Deutschland – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Deutschland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जर्मनी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जर्मनी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemcy" title="Niemcy – Pollakk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niemcy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pollakk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagna" title="Almagna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Almagna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جرمنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γερμανία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γερμανία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جرمني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha – Portugiż" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimanya" title="Alimanya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alimanya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Romanz" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romanz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermaniya" title="Jermaniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jermaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubudagi" title="Ubudagi – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubudagi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania" title="Germania – Rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghermanii" title="Ghermanii – Aromanjan" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ghermanii" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanie" title="Germanie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Germanie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Russu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нїмецько – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нїмецько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubudage" title="Ubudage – Kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubudage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="शर्मण्यदेशः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शर्मण्यदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A0nia" title="Germània – Sardinjan" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Germània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girmania" title="Girmania – Sqalli" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girmania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sqalli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Skoċċiż" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skoċċiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جرمني – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جرمني" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiska" title="Duiska – Sami tat-Tramuntana" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Duiska" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami tat-Tramuntana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka – Serbo-Kroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemačka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalman" title="Lalman – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lalman" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇမၼီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇမၼီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ජර්මනිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජර්මනිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemecko" title="Nemecko – Slovakk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemecko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جرمنی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جرمنی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C4%8Dija" title="Nemčija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamani" title="Siamani – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Siamani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa" title="Saksa – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saksa" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerumani" title="Jerumani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Jerumani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmalka" title="Jarmalka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jarmalka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjermania" title="Gjermania – Albaniż" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjermania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Њемачка – Serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њемачка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doysrikondre" title="Doysrikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Doysrikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJalimane" title="IJalimane – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJalimane" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremane" title="Jeremane – Soto tan-Nofsinhar" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Jeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Soto tan-Nofsinhar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsklound" title="Düütsklound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Düütsklound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rman" title="Jérman – Sundaniż" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jérman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundaniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland – Żvediż" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyskland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Żvediż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujerumani" title="Ujerumani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ujerumani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjymcy" title="Mjymcy – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjymcy" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="ஜெர்மனி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜெர்மனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥦᥱ ᥛᥣᥱ ᥘᥤᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥦᥱ ᥛᥣᥱ ᥘᥤᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80" title="జర్మనీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జర్మనీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Alemaña" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Олмон – Taġik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Олмон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Taġik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศเยอรมนี – Tajlandiż" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเยอรมนี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95" title="ጀርመን – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጀርመን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani%C3%BDa" title="Germaniýa – Turkmeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Germaniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanij%C9%99" title="Almanijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Almanijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamane" title="Siamane – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siamane" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamani" title="Siamani – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Siamani" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya – Tork" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tork" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarimani" title="Jarimani – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Jarimani" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Germany" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heremani" title="Heremani – Taħitjan" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Heremani" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Taħitjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Tuvinjan" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Германия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گېرمانىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېرمانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Німеччина – Ukren" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німеччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukren" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جرمنی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Germaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerm%C3%A0nia" title="Zermània – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zermània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksanma" title="Saksanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saksanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đức – Vjetnamiż" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vjetnamiż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutsland" title="Duutsland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Duutsland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deut%C3%A4n" title="Deutän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Deutän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagne" title="Almagne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Almagne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaa%C3%B1" title="Almaañ – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Almaañ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Ниицәтә Немшин Орн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниицәтә Немшин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJamani" title="IJamani – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJamani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გერმანია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vetrina"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="דייטשלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דייטשלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Jẹ́mánì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwzgoz" title="Dwzgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dwzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutsland" title="Duutsland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Duutsland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ – Tamazight Standard tal-Marokk" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Standard tal-Marokk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国 – Ċiniż" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Ċiniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-kok" title="Tek-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國 – Kantoniż" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantoniż" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJalimani" title="IJalimani – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IJalimani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Immodifika l-ħoloq interlingwi" class="wbc-editpage">Immodifika l-ħoloq</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spazji tal-isem"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A0ermanja" title="Uri l-paġna ta' kontenut [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Paġna</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussjoni:%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussjoni dwar il-paġna ta' kontenut (il-paġna ma teżistix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussjoni</span></a></li> </ul> 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dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em; font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr class="adr"> <th colspan="3" align="center" class="mergedtoprow fn org country-name" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size:1.25em;">Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja<div style="padding-top:0.25em;"><i>Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i></div></th> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" align="center" style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Bandiera"><img alt="Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Bandiera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/125px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b>Mottu: </b>"Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit"<br /><small>Unità u Ġustizzja u Libertà</small></td> </tr><tr> <td class="anthem" colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b>Innu nazzjonali: </b><center>It-tielet stanza ta'</center><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutschlandlied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutschlandlied (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Lied der Deutschen</a></i> <small>(<i>Kanzunetta tal-Ġermaniżi</i>)</small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="81" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Germany_-_U.S._Army_1st_Armored_Division_Band.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center><br /></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:EU-Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/EU-Germany.svg/250px-EU-Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/EU-Germany.svg/375px-EU-Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/EU-Germany.svg/500px-EU-Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="position:relative; top:0.3em;"><small></small></div> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Belt_kapitali" title="Belt kapitali">Belt kapitali</a></b><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografija_tal-%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografija tal-Ġermanja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">(u l-ikbar belt)</a> </td><td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><br /><small><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=%C4%A0ermanja&params=52_31_N_13_23_E_type:country(357,021)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapep, ritratti mill-ajru, u dati oħra għal dan il-post"><span class="latitude">52°31′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°23′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.517°N 13.383°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.517; 13.383</span></span></span></a></span> </span></small><p><small></small> </p> </td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_uffi%C4%8Bjali" title="Lingwa uffiċjali">Lingwi uffiċjali</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża">Ġermaniż</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Gvern</th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repubblika_kostituzzjonali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repubblika kostituzzjonali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Repubblika kostituzzjonali</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federali%C5%BCmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federaliżmu (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Federali</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_parlamentari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema parlamentari (il-paġna ma teżistix)">parlamentari</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_tal-%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President tal-Ġermanja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">President</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank-Walter_Steinmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kan%C4%8Billier_tal-%C4%A0ermanja_(Repubblika_Federali_tal-%C4%A0ermanja)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanċillier tal-Ġermanja (Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja) (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Kanċillier</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_tal-Bundestag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President tal-Bundestag (il-paġna ma teżistix)">President tal-Bundestag</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Schäuble (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Wolfgang Schäuble</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_tal-Bundesrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President tal-Bundesrat (il-paġna ma teżistix)">President tal-Bundesrat</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_M%C3%BCller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Müller (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Michael Müller</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renju_tal-%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renju tal-Ġermanja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Formazzjoni</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperu_Ruman_Imqaddes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperu Ruman Imqaddes (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Imperu Ruman Imqaddes</a></td> <td>2 ta' Frar 962 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unifikazzjoni_tal-%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unifikazzjoni tal-Ġermanja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Unifikazzjoni</a></td> <td>18 ta' Jannar 1871 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storja_tal-%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storja tal-Ġermanja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Repubblika Federali</a></td> <td>23 ta' Mejju 1949 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riunifikazzjoni_tal-%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riunifikazzjoni tal-Ġermanja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Riunifikazzjoni</a></td> <td>3 ta' Ottubru 1990 </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Sħubija fl-<a href="/wiki/Unjoni_Ewropea" title="Unjoni Ewropea">UE</a></th> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">25 ta' Marzu 1957</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Erja</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Total</td> <td>357,021 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_l-erja" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont l-erja">63</a>)<br />137,847 mil kwadru </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Ilma (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C4%8Bentwal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perċentwal (il-paġna ma teżistix)">%</a>)</td> <td>2.416</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Popolazzjoni" title="Popolazzjoni">Popolazzjoni</a></th> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">stima tal-2012</td> <td>80,219,695<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_il-popolazzjoni" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont il-popolazzjoni">16</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">ċensiment tal-2011</td> <td>80,399,30 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0_tal-popolazzjoni" title="Densità tal-popolazzjoni">Densità</a></td> <td>225/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_id-densit%C3%A0_ta%27_popolazzjoni" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont id-densità ta' popolazzjoni">58</a>)<br />583/mili kwadri</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodott_gross_domestiku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodott gross domestiku (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PGD</a></b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Parit%C3%A0_tas-sa%C4%A7%C4%A7a_tax-xiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parità tas-saħħa tax-xiri (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PSX</a>)</td> <td>stima tal-2012</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Total</td> <td>$3.197 triljun<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_il-PGD_(PSX)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont il-PGD (PSX) (il-paġna ma teżistix)">5</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per capita (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Per capita</a></td> <td>$39,028<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_il-PGD_(PSX)_per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont il-PGD (PSX) per capita (il-paġna ma teżistix)">17</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodott_gross_domestiku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodott gross domestiku (il-paġna ma teżistix)">PGD</a></b> (nominali)</td> <td>stima tal-2012</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Total</td> <td>$3.401 triljun<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_il-PGD_(nominali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont il-PGD (nominali) (il-paġna ma teżistix)">4</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per capita (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Per capita</a></td> <td>$41,513<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_il-PGD_(nominali)_per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont il-PGD (nominali) per capita (il-paġna ma teżistix)">22</a>)</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indi%C4%8Bi_tal-I%C5%BCvilupp_Uman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiċi tal-Iżvilupp Uman (il-paġna ma teżistix)">IŻU</a></b> (2013)</td> <td><span title="Increase"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 0.816<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span style="color:#090;">għoli ħafna</span>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_ta%27_pajji%C5%BCi_skont_l-Indi%C4%8Bi_tal-I%C5%BCvilupp_Uman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista ta' pajjiżi skont l-Indiċi tal-Iżvilupp Uman (il-paġna ma teżistix)">43</a>)</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valuta (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Valuta</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ewro" title="Ewro">Ewro</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbolu_tal-Ewro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbolu tal-Ewro (il-paġna ma teżistix)">€</a>) (<code><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (il-paġna ma teżistix)">EUR</a></code>) </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBona_tal-%C4%A7in" title="Żona tal-ħin">Żona tal-ħin</a></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A6in_tal-Ewropa_%C4%8Aentrali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ħin tal-Ewropa Ċentrali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">CET</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A6in_Koordinat_Universalment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ħin Koordinat Universalment (il-paġna ma teżistix)">UTC</a>+1)</span></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lista_ta%27_kodi%C4%8Bi_telefoni%C4%8Bi" title="Lista ta' kodiċi telefoniċi">Kodiċi telefoniku</a></th> <td>+49</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominju_tal-aqwa_livell_nazzjonali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominju tal-aqwa livell nazzjonali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">TLD tal-internet</a></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=.de&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".de (il-paġna ma teżistix)">.de</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutschland_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/220px-Deutschland_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/330px-Deutschland_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/440px-Deutschland_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2011" data-file-height="2654" /></a><figcaption>Mappa Topografika tal-Ġermanja</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG/220px-ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG/330px-ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG/440px-ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Iż-Zugspitze hija, b'2,962 metru, l-ogħla muntanja fil-Ġermanja, tappartjeni għall-Alpi tal-Ġebla tal-Fir tat-Tramuntana (Ġermaniż: Nördliche Kalkalpen) u l-Muntanji Mieming u Wetterstein (Wettersteingebirge). Iż-Zugspitze timmarka l-fruntiera bejn il-Ġermanja u l-Awstrija.Huwa jinsab fir-reġjun ta' Grainau, distrett ta' Garmisch-Partenkirchen fl-Istat Ħieles tal-Bavarja.Min-naħa Awstrijaka tinsab fir-raħal ta' Ehrwald, distrett ta' Reutte fl-istat mit-Tirol.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Frankfurt_Am_Main-Gallileo_von_Nordosten-20120115.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Gallileo_von_Nordosten-20120115.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Gallileo_von_Nordosten-20120115.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Gallileo_von_Nordosten-20120115.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Gallileo_von_Nordosten-20120115.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Frankfurt_Am_Main-Gallileo_von_Nordosten-20120115.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_Am_Main-Gallileo_von_Nordosten-20120115.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a><figcaption>Il-bini Gallileo fi Frankfurt</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bahnhof_Berlin_Zoo_City_West.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bahnhof_Berlin_Zoo_City_West.jpg/220px-Bahnhof_Berlin_Zoo_City_West.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bahnhof_Berlin_Zoo_City_West.jpg/330px-Bahnhof_Berlin_Zoo_City_West.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bahnhof_Berlin_Zoo_City_West.jpg/440px-Bahnhof_Berlin_Zoo_City_West.jpg 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Berlin Zoologischer Garten Station (Stazzjon taż-Żoo ta' Berlin)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hotel_de_Rome,_Berlin_(1X7A5173).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hotel_de_Rome%2C_Berlin_%281X7A5173%29.jpg/220px-Hotel_de_Rome%2C_Berlin_%281X7A5173%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hotel_de_Rome%2C_Berlin_%281X7A5173%29.jpg/330px-Hotel_de_Rome%2C_Berlin_%281X7A5173%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hotel_de_Rome%2C_Berlin_%281X7A5173%29.jpg/440px-Hotel_de_Rome%2C_Berlin_%281X7A5173%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4441" data-file-height="2961" /></a><figcaption>Hotel de Rome, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Brandenburger_Tor_abends.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandenburger_Tor_abends.jpg/220px-Brandenburger_Tor_abends.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandenburger_Tor_abends.jpg/330px-Brandenburger_Tor_abends.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandenburger_Tor_abends.jpg/440px-Brandenburger_Tor_abends.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Bieb ta' Brandenburg f'Berlin, simbolu nazzjonali tal-Ġermanja tal-lum u r-riunifikazzjoni tagħha fl-1990</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:BrandenburgerTorDezember1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BrandenburgerTorDezember1989.jpg/220px-BrandenburgerTorDezember1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BrandenburgerTorDezember1989.jpg/330px-BrandenburgerTorDezember1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/BrandenburgerTorDezember1989.jpg/440px-BrandenburgerTorDezember1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2780" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption>Folol fil-Bieb ta' Brandenburg fl-1 ta' Diċembru, 1989. Id-daħla għan-naħa tal-punent kienet għadha ma miftuħa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Town_hall_of_Alsfeld_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Town_hall_of_Alsfeld_%282%29.jpg/220px-Town_hall_of_Alsfeld_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Town_hall_of_Alsfeld_%282%29.jpg/330px-Town_hall_of_Alsfeld_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Town_hall_of_Alsfeld_%282%29.jpg/440px-Town_hall_of_Alsfeld_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="4476" /></a><figcaption>Il-muniċipju ta' Alsfeld fil-Ġermanja bħala eżempju ta' sala tal-belt b'nofs injam mit-tranżizzjoni mill-Gotiku għar-Rinaxximent</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-<b>Ġermanja</b> (<span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:En-uk-Germany.ogg" title="En-uk-Germany.ogg"><img alt="En-uk-Germany.ogg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Stampa:En-uk-Germany.ogg" title="Stampa:En-uk-Germany.ogg">ˈdʒɜrməni</a> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ajnuna:Medja" title="Għajnuna:Medja"><span style="cursor:help;">għajnuna</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/Stampa:En-uk-Germany.ogg" title="Stampa:En-uk-Germany.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span>; <a href="/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża">Ġermaniż</a>: <i>Deutschland</i>), uffiċjalment ir-<b>Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża">Ġermaniż</a>: <i>Bundesrepublik Deutschland</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Repubblika_kostituzzjonali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repubblika kostituzzjonali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">repubblika kostituzzjonali</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federali%C5%BCmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federaliżmu (il-paġna ma teżistix)">federali</a> fl-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewropa_tal-Punent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ewropa tal-Punent (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Ewropa tal-punent</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ewropa_%C4%8Aentrali" title="Ewropa Ċentrali">ċentrali</a>. Il-pajjiż jikkonsisti f'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stati_tal-%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stati tal-Ġermanja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">16-il stat</a>, u l-belt kapitali u l-akbar belt hija <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (3,821,881 abitant). Il-Ġermanja tkopri erja ta' 357,021 kilometru kwadru (137,847 mi kw) u għandha klima moderata staġjonali ħafna. Bi 80.3 miljun abitant, hija l-istat membru l-aktar popolat fl-<a href="/wiki/Unjoni_Ewropea" title="Unjoni Ewropea">Unjoni Ewropea</a>. Il-Ġermanja hija l-qawwa kbira fl-ekonomika u l-politika tal-kontinent Ewropew u mexxej storiku f'ħafna oqsma teoretiċi u tekniċi. </p><p>Il-pajjiż imiss ma' <a href="/wiki/Franza" title="Franza">Franza</a>, l-<a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvizzera" title="Żvizzera">Żvizzera</a> u l-<a href="/wiki/Awstrija" title="Awstrija">Awstrija</a> fin-nofsinhar; il-<a href="/wiki/Bel%C4%A1ju" title="Belġju">Belġju</a>, l-<a href="/wiki/Pajji%C5%BCi_l-Baxxi" title="Pajjiżi l-Baxxi">Pajjiżi l-Baxxi</a> u l-<a href="/wiki/Lussemburgu" title="Lussemburgu">Lussemburgu</a> lejn il-punent; Id-<a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a> fit-tramuntana u l-<a href="/wiki/Polonja" title="Polonja">Polonja</a> u r-<a href="/wiki/Repubblika_%C4%8Aeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Repubblika Ċeka">Repubblika Ċeka</a> fil-lvant. </p><p>Total tal-fruntieri tal-Ġermanja: 3,694 km, pajjiżi tal-fruntiera (9): Awstrija 801 km; Belġju 133 km; Ċekja 704 km; Id-Danimarka 140 km; Franza 418 km; Lussemburgu 128 km; Pajjiżi l-Baxxi 575 km; Polonja 447 km; Żvizzera 348 km. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja hija magħmula minn 16-il stat federali u hija strutturata bħala stat kostituzzjonali liberali, demokratiku u soċjali. Ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja, imwaqqfa fl-1949, tirrappreżenta l-aħħar forma tal-istat nazzjonali Ġermaniż, l-ewwel imwaqqfa fl-1871. Bħala parti mir-riunifikazzjoni tal-Ġermanja, Berlin saret il-kapital federali fl-1990 u saret is-sede tal-parlament u l-gvern. fl-1991. </p><p>Il-pajjiż imiss ma' disa' stati ġirien u jinsab fiż-żona tal-klima moderata bejn l-Ibħra tat-Tramuntana u l-Baħar Baltiku fit-tramuntana u l-Lag ta' Constance u l-Alpi fin-Nofsinhar. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja għandha madwar 84.7 miljun abitant (mill-31 ta' Diċembru, 2023) u, b'erja ta' 357,588 kilometru kwadru, hija waħda mill-aktar pajjiżi b’popolazzjoni densa b'medja ta' 236 abitant għal kull kilometru kwadru. Ir-rata tat-twelid hija ta’ 1.46 tifel għal kull mara (2022). L-aktar belt Ġermaniża popolata hija Berlin; Metropoli oħra b'aktar minn miljun abitant huma Hamburg, Munich u Cologne; l-akbar żona metropolitana hija ż-żona tar-Ruhr. Hemm erba' bliet Ġermaniżi oħra b'aktar minn 600,000 abitant (2022): Frankfurt am Main huwa ċentru finanzjarju Ewropew ta’ importanza globali, Stuttgart hija waħda mill-aktar ċentri importanti tal-industrija tal-karozzi fid-dinja, Düsseldorf hija magħrufa għall-arti u l-kummerċ tagħha ta' moda u bħala "desk tar-reġjun tar-Ruhr" u Leipzig hija magħrufa għall-fiera tagħha u l-ajruport tal-merkanzija tagħha. Barra minn hekk, il-pajjiż għandu seba' bliet oħra b’aktar minn 500,000 abitant (2022): Dortmund, Essen, Bremen, Dresden, Hannover, Nuremberg u Duisburg. Kważi 15-il miljun ruħ jgħixu fil-15-il belt Ġermaniża b'aktar minn nofs miljun abitant, li jikkorrispondi għal madwar 18% tal-abitanti kollha. </p><p>Is-sejbiet ta' Homo heidelbergensis u bosta xogħlijiet tal-arti preistoriċi mill-Paleolitiku Aktar tard juru li n-nies għexu fil-Ġermanja tal-lum għal 600,000 sena u li xi għodod tal-ġebel saħansitra jmorru lura għal aktar minn 1.3 miljun sena. Matul in-Neolitiku, madwar 5600 QK. L-ewwel bdiewa emigraw mil-Lvant Nofsani fl-1 seklu QK. Fi żminijiet il-qedem, ir-Rumani sejħu liż-żoni tas-settlement tat-tribujiet Ġermaniċi Germania magna. Bis-saħħa tal-konkwisti ta' Karlu Manju, madwar is-sena 800 ħafna mill-Ġermanja ta' żmienna kienet magħquda f'territorju wieħed għall-ewwel darba. Bħala riżultat tat-taqsimiet tal-Imperu Frankonjan taħt in-neputijiet ta' Karlu, fis-seklu 9 tfaċċa l-Imperu Franki tal-Lvant, li kien magħruf ukoll bħala Regnum Teutonicum mis-seklu 10 ‘il quddiem u li minnu ħareġ l-Imperu Ruman Qaddis, li kien jeżisti sal-1806, ħarġu. Din ġiet sostitwita mill-Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża fl-1815, li kienet magħmula minn stati sovrani konnessi b'mod laxk. Wara r-Rivoluzzjoni falluta ta' Marzu tal-1848, kien biss fl-1871 li twaqqaf stat nazzjonali Ġermaniż, l-Imperu Ġermaniż. </p><p>L-iżvilupp mgħaġġel minn stat agrikolu għal wieħed industrijali seħħ matul l-era Wilhelmine fit-tieni nofs tas-seklu 19. Wara l-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija, il-monarkija ġiet abolita fl-1918 u ġiet stabbilita r-Repubblika demokratika ta' Weimar. Mill-1933, id-dittatorjat Nazzjonali Soċjalista kkawża persekuzzjoni politika u razzjali li laħqet il-qofol tagħha fil-qtil ta' sitt miljun Lhudi u membri ta' minoranzi oħra bħas-Sinti u r-Roma. It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija, mibdija mill-Istat Nazista fl-1939, spiċċat fl-1945 bit-telfa tal-poteri tal-Assi. Il-pajjiż okkupat mill-poteri rebbieħa kien maqsum fl-1949, wara li ż-żoni tal-Lvant tiegħu kienu diġà tqiegħdu parzjalment taħt is-sovranità amministrattiva Pollakka u parzjalment Sovjetika fl-1945. Sat-twaqqif tar-Repubblika Federali bħala stat demokratiku tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent b'rabtiet mal-Punent fuq It-23 ta' Mejju, 1949 kien segwit mit-twaqqif tal-GDR soċjalista fis-7 ta' Ottubru, 1949 bħala stat tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant taħt l-eġemonija Sovjetika. Il-fruntiera interna Ġermaniża ġiet issiġillata wara l-kostruzzjoni tal-Ħajt ta' Berlin (mit-13 ta' Awwissu, 1961). Wara r-rivoluzzjoni paċifika fil-GDR fl-1989, il-kwistjoni Ġermaniża ġiet solvuta bir-riunifikazzjoni taż-żewġ partijiet tal-pajjiż fit-3 ta 'Ottubru 1990, li magħha l-fruntieri esterni tal-Ġermanja ġew rikonoxxuti wkoll bħala finali. Minħabba l-adeżjoni tal-ħames stati tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant u r-riunifikazzjoni ta' Berlin tal-Lvant u tal-Punent biex jiffurmaw il-kapital federali attwali, ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja kellha sittax-il stat federali mill-1990. </p><p>Sa mir-riunifikazzjoni fl-1990, il-Ġermanja saret waħda mill-pajjiżi ekonomiċi ewlenin fid-dinja. L-integrazzjoni tal-GDR inizjalment ħolqot sfida kbira, iżda l-ekonomija ġiet stabbilizzata permezz ta' investimenti u riformi sinifikanti. B'mod partikolari, ir-riformi tas-suq tax-xogħol tal-Aġenda 2010 wasslu għal tnaqqis sinifikanti fil-qgħad u żiedu l-kompetittività tal-pajjiż. Illum il-Ġermanja hija l-akbar ekonomija fl-UE u waħda mill-aktar nazzjonijiet esportaturi importanti fid-dinja. Il-pajjiż għandu infrastruttura żviluppata tajjeb, sistema edukattiva b'saħħitha u forza tax-xogħol b'ħiliet kbar, li jagħmilha post attraenti għan-negozju u l-investiment. Illum, il-Ġermanja hija meqjusa bħala waħda mill-aktar nazzjonijiet stabbli u sinjuri fid-dinja. </p><p>Ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja hija membru fundatur tal-Unjoni Ewropea u l-predeċessuri tagħha (Trattat ta' Ruma 1957), kif ukoll il-pajjiż l-aktar popolat tagħha. Ma’ 19-il stat membru ieħor tal-UE tifforma unjoni monetarja, iż-żona ewro. Il-Ġermanja hija membru tan-NU, l-OECD, l-OSKE, in-NATO, il-G7, il-G20 u l-Kunsill tal-Ewropa. Diġà fl-1951, il-Kummissarju Għoli għar-Refuġjati (UNHCR) fetaħ uffiċċju ta' kollegament fil-kapitali federali ta' dak iż-żmien, Bonn, u mill-1991 in-Nazzjonijiet Uniti kellha l-kwartieri ġenerali Ġermaniżi tagħha hemmhekk (“il-Belt tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti”). Ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja hija meqjusa bħala waħda mill-aktar stati politikament influwenti fl-Ewropa u hija pajjiż sieħeb imfittex ħafna madwar id-dinja. </p><p>F'termini ta' prodott gross domestiku, il-Ġermanja hija l-akbar ekonomija fl-Ewropa u t-tielet l-akbar fid-dinja. Il-Ġermanja kienet it-tielet l-akbar nazzjon li jesporta u li jimporta fl-2023. Huma jiffurmaw soċjetà tal-informazzjoni u l-għarfien li l-iżvilupp tagħha huwa kkaratterizzat minn awtomazzjoni, diġitalizzazzjoni u teknoloġiji li jfixklu. It-titjib tas-sistema edukattiva Ġermaniża u l-iżvilupp sostenibbli tal-pajjiż huma kkunsidrati bħala kompiti ċentrali tal-politika ta' lokalizzazzjoni. Skont l-Indiċi tal-Iżvilupp tal-Bniedem, il-Ġermanja hija waħda mill-aktar pajjiżi żviluppati. </p><p>Il-lingwa materna tal-maġġoranza tal-popolazzjoni hija l-Ġermaniż. Hemm ukoll lingwi reġjonali u minoritarji u kemm Ġermaniżi kif ukoll immigranti b'lingwi indiġeni oħra, li l-aktar importanti minnhom huma Tork, Ukrajn u Russu. L-aktar lingwa barranija mitkellma hija l-Ingliż, li huwa suġġett tal-iskola fl-istati federali kollha. Il-kultura Ġermaniża hija diversa u, minbarra bosta tradizzjonijiet, istituzzjonijiet u avvenimenti, hija rreġistrata u onorata, pereżempju fid-deżinjazzjoni tal-Ġermanja bħala Sit ta' Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO, f'monumenti kulturali u bħala wirt kulturali intanġibbli. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denominazzjoni">Denominazzjoni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Denominazzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Denominazzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sachsenspiegel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sachsenspiegel.jpg/220px-Sachsenspiegel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sachsenspiegel.jpg/330px-Sachsenspiegel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sachsenspiegel.jpg/440px-Sachsenspiegel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1499" /></a><figcaption>Il-manuskritt ta' Berlin tas-Sachsenspiegel tal-1369 jgħid (bil-Ġermaniż Nofsani Baxx): “Iewelk düdesch lant hevet sinen palenzgreven” (“kull pajjiż Ġermaniż għandu l-kont palatin tiegħu”).</figcaption></figure> <p>l-prekursuri etimoloġiċi tal-aġġettiv Ġermaniku, bħall-Ġermaniku *þeudisk jew il-Ġermaniż Għoli Qadim thiutisk, oriġinarjament kienu jfissru "li jappartjenu għall-poplu" u jirreferu għal djaletti tal-kontinwu tad-djalett Kontinentali-Ġermaniku tal-Punent. It-terminu Ġermanja ilu jintuża mis-seklu 15, iżda huwa attestat f'dokumenti individwali saħansitra qabel; fit-traduzzjoni ta' Frankfurt tal-Bull tad-Deheb (c. 1365) tissejjaħ Dutschelant. Qabel dan, huma assenjati biss kombinazzjonijiet ta' kliem tal-pajjiż tal-attribut Ġermaniż, pereżempju fil-forma singular indefinit "pajjiż Ġermaniż" jew fil-forma plural definita "il-pajjiżi Ġermaniżi", iżda mhux fil-forma singular definita "il-pajjiż Ġermaniż" . Dawn kienu pajjiżi bi klassi dominanti li jirreferu għat-talba politika għall-poter tal-Frankonja (tal-Lvant), li bdiet fis-seklu 10, l-Imperu Ruman Qaddis (962-1806). It-terminu kien użat prinċipalment għal strutturi (pre-)statali fiż-żona ddominata mill-Ġermaniż jew li titkellem bil-Ġermaniż li għaddew minn bidliet kbar matul is-sekli. </p><p>L-Imperu Ruman Qaddis, oriġinarjament imsejjaħ sempliċement "Imperu" (Imperu Latin), irċieva diversi żidiet għal ismu: "Qaddis" minn nofs is-seklu 12, "Ruman" minn nofs is-seklu 13, u mill-aħħar tas-seklu 12. "Nazzjon Ġermaniż" tas-seklu 15 (Imperu Ruman Qaddis tan-Nazzjon Ġermaniż). Kien biss fis-seklu 16 meta t-terminu “Teutschland” beda jintuża biex jindika l-artijiet Ġermaniżi li qabel kienu jissejħu. Dalwaqt ġiet stabbilita ekwazzjoni bejn Reich u l-Ġermanja fil-letteratura kontemporanja, li eventwalment intużaw b'mod sinonimu (eż. mill-avukat Halle Johann Peter von Ludewig fl-1735). </p><p>Il-kuxjenza li l-patrija m'għandhiex tkun l-Istat territorjali rispettiv, iżda l-Ġermanja kollha kemm hi, ma bdietx tinfirex sal-Gwerer Napoleoniċi. Friedrich Schiller qabel kien għamel distinzjoni stretta bejn Ġermanja spiritwali u politika: </p><p>“Il-Ġermanja, imma fejn tinsab? Ma nafx kif insib il-pajjiż. Fejn jibda t-tagħlim, jispiċċa l-politiku.” </p><p>– Friedrich Schiller: Xenien, fi: “Almanak tal-Muża għas-Sena 1797” Huwa kien ukoll xettiku dwar il-possibbiltà ta' nazzjon unifikat: </p><p>“Intom il-Ġermaniżi tamaw għalxejn li jsiru nazzjon. Teduka lilek innifsek, jekk tista', biex issir nies aktar ħielsa.” </p><p>– Friedrich Schiller, ibid. </p><p>Il-kobor Ġermaniż, it-titlu ta’ poeżija mhux mitmuma mill-1801, dehret biss fl-ispiritwali. Sa tard fl-1813, Achim von Arnim tkellem dwar il-Ġermanja bħala “kelma ideali vojta” li magħha kkuntrasta “kollox mill-isbaħ dwar popli Ġermaniżi individwali” (plural). </p><p>Il-fehim politiku tal-isem Ġermanja inizjalment ġie biss minn grupp żgħir ta' intellettwali u politiċi bħal Ernst Moritz Arndt, Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, Johann Gottlieb Fichte jew Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, iżda diġà kellu effett ta' mobilizzazzjoni importanti matul il- gwerer tal-ħelsien. L-Imperu Awstrijak u r-Renju tal-Prussja issa rreferew ukoll b'mod pożittiv għall-Ġermanja: fl-1809, fil-bidu tal-Gwerra tal-Ħames Koalizzjoni, l-Arċiduka Karlu tal-Awstrija-Teschen għamel appell lin-nazzjon Ġermaniż, li fih stqarr: " " Il-kawża tagħna hija l-kawża tal-Ġermanja.” Ir-Re Frederick William III tal-Prussja. ħabbret fil-Proklama ta' Kalisch tad-19 ta' Marzu, 1813 “ir-ritorn tal-libertà u l-indipendenza lill-prinċpijiet u lill-popli tal-Ġermanja.” Din il-Ġermanja kienet definita bħala r-reġjun li jitkellem bil-Ġermaniż (Arndt: Des Deutschen Vaterland, 1813; bl-istess mod fl-1841 f'The Song of the Germans ta' Hoffmann von Fallersleben). Ma kienx għadu mifhum bħala imperu, imma bħala nazzjon; Fl-għexieren ta' snin ta' wara, il-moviment nazzjonali Ġermaniż għamel kampanja biex jgħaqqad it-territorji Ġermaniżi kollha fi stat nazzjonali wieħed. Inizjalment, dan falla; Fil-Kungress ta' Vjenna tal-1814/1815, l-istati territorjali ġew restawrati u magħquda f'konfederazzjoni ta' stati, il-Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża. Dan kien magħruf ukoll bħala l-Ġermanja, iżda kien jinkludi xi territorji li fil-biċċa l-kbira tagħhom ma jitkellmux bil-Ġermaniż, bħall-Boemja u l-Moravja, filwaqt li reġjuni oħra li prinċipalment jitkellmu bil-Ġermaniż, bħall-Prussja tal-Lvant, ma kinux inklużi. Madankollu, il-moviment nazzjonali inizjalment baqa 'proġett ta' elite. Sar effettiv biss fuq skala kbira matul il-kriżi tar-Rhine fl-1840. </p><p>Minn meta twaqqaf l-imperu fl-1871, bdiet bidla fit-tifsira, mill-Ġermanja bħala nazzjon kulturali għal isem ta’ stat, ġeografikament ristrett għaż-żona attwali: </p><p>L-Imperu Awstrijak ma sarx parti mill-Imperu Ġermaniż fl-1871. Ir-residenti tal-Awstrija li jitkellmu bil-Ġermaniż komplew iqisu lilhom infushom Ġermaniżi. Meta l-istat multietniku waqa' fi tmiem l-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija, l-Awstrijaċi Ġermaniżi riedu jissieħbu fl-Imperu Ġermaniż. Madankollu, dan kien ipprojbit mit-Trattat ta' Saint-Germain. B’hekk bdew jiżviluppaw identitajiet nazzjonali differenti. It-termini Ġermaniż u Ġermanja saru dejjem aktar identifikati biss mal-Imperu Ġermaniż. Dan il-proċess kien inizjalment interrott meta l-Awstrija ġiet annessa mar-Reich Ġermaniż fl-1938 taħt il-gvern Nazzjonali Soċjalista. Id-distanza mis-Nazzjonaliżmu wara t-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija wassal għal tbiegħed mill-kunċett tal-Ġermanja fl-Awstrija u l-konsolidazzjoni tal-identità nazzjonali tal-Awstrijaċi stess. Fil-qafas tar-riorganizzazzjoni politika tal-istat eżistenti kollu kemm hu, il-Kunsill Parlamentari tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent irrifjuta l-kontinwazzjoni tal-isem tal-istat German Reich minħabba l-"aċċent aggressiv" tiegħu u uża l-Ġermanja bħala isem tal-istat għall-ewwel darba. fir-“Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja” li dak iż-żmien kienet kostitwita. Fid-deliberazzjonijiet, Theodor Heuss qal fl-1948: "Bil-kelma Ġermanja nagħtu kollox ċertu pathos. ta' natura sentimentali u mhux politika ta' poter Ir-Repubblika Demokratika Ġermaniża (GDR) ma użatx." Il-Ġermanja f'isem l-istat, iżda bħala sinonimu għall-GDR fl-Artikolu 1 tal-Kostituzzjoni tal-1949. Sussegwentement, il-GDR kważi esklussivament użat l-attribut jew is-suffiss Ġermaniż ". il-GDR" biex jinnomina stati sovrani. Bl-unifikazzjoni Ġermaniża fl-1990, il-Ġermanja setgħet issir il-forma qasira uffiċjali tal-isem tal-stat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ġeografija"><span id=".C4.A0eografija"></span>Ġeografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġeografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ġeografija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Germany_in_Europe_(relief).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Germany_in_Europe_%28relief%29.svg/220px-Germany_in_Europe_%28relief%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Germany_in_Europe_%28relief%29.svg/330px-Germany_in_Europe_%28relief%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Germany_in_Europe_%28relief%29.svg/440px-Germany_in_Europe_%28relief%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption>Post tal-Ġermanja fl-<a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutschland_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/220px-Deutschland_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/330px-Deutschland_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deutschland_topo.jpg/440px-Deutschland_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2011" data-file-height="2654" /></a><figcaption>Mappa Topografika tal-Ġermanja</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Steilk%C3%BCste_bei_Ahrenshoop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Steilk%C3%BCste_bei_Ahrenshoop.jpg/220px-Steilk%C3%BCste_bei_Ahrenshoop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Steilk%C3%BCste_bei_Ahrenshoop.jpg/330px-Steilk%C3%BCste_bei_Ahrenshoop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Steilk%C3%BCste_bei_Ahrenshoop.jpg/440px-Steilk%C3%BCste_bei_Ahrenshoop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2249" data-file-height="1499" /></a><figcaption>Il-kosta tal-Baħar Baltiku qrib Ahrenshoop (il-grigal)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG/220px-ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG/330px-ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG/440px-ZugspitzeJubilaeumsgratHoellental.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Iż-Zugspitze hija, b'2,962 metru, l-ogħla muntanja fil-Ġermanja, tappartjeni għall-Alpi tal-franka tat-Tramuntana (Ġermaniż: Nördliche Kalkalpen) u l-Muntanji Mieming u Wetterstein (Wettersteingebirge). Iż-Zugspitze timmarka l-fruntiera bejn il-Ġermanja u l-Awstrija. Huwa jinsab fir-reġjun ta' Grainau, distrett ta' Garmisch-Partenkirchen fl-Stat Ħieles tal-Bavarja.Min-naħa Awstrijaka tinsab fir-raħal ta' Ehrwald, distrett ta' Reutte fl-istat mit-Tirol.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja tikkonsisti fi tliet reġjuni fiżjografiċi ewlenin: pjanura tal-pjanura fit-tramuntana, Ġermanja Nofsani li hija żona ta 'plateaus fiċ-ċentru u reġjun muntanjuż fin-nofsinhar. L-artijiet baxxi, li jiffurmaw il-Pjanura tat-Tramuntana tal-Ġermanja, għandhom eżenzjoni varjata li tinkludi diversi widien tax-xmajjar u żona kbira miksija bix-xagħri. L-iktar punt baxx huwa l-kosta. It-tarf tal-Lvant tal-pjanura għandha ħamrija rikka ħafna għall-agrikoltura. Ir-reġjun tal-plateaux ċentrali, li l-limiti approssimattivi tagħhom huma bejn il-belt ta 'Hanover fit-tramuntana u x-Xmara Main fin-nofsinhar, ikopri territorju magħmul minn muntanji ġentili, widien tax-xmajjar, xmajjar u baċiri definiti sew. Il-firxiet tal-muntanji jinkludu l-firxiet tal-muntanji Eifel u Hunsrück fil-punent, il-muntanji Taunus u Spessart fiċ-ċentru, u l-firxa Fichtelgebirge. Fiċ-ċentru hemm żewġ żoni muntanjużi msejħa "foresti": Thuringian Forest u Franconian Forest. Fit-tarf tat-tramuntana tar-reġjun rolling ta' Thuringia jinsab ir-reġjun muntanjuż ta' Harz. Ħafna mil-Lbiċ tal-Ġermanja hija okkupata minn żewġ eminenti tal-Muntanji Jura u foresta kbira, il-Foresti Is-Sewda, li hija massif muntanjuż antik. Fit-tarf tan-nofsinhar hemm l-Alpi tal-Bavarja, bl-ogħla quċċata tal-Ġermanja, iż-Zugspitze (2,962 m). </p><p>Reġjun: Ewropa Ċentrali; Żona: 357,023 km²: 348,672 km² (art), 8,350 km² (ilma) Kosta 2389; L-aktar punt baxx: (Neuendorf bei Wilster) -3.54 m; L-ogħla punt: 2963 m (Zugspitze); Fruntieri territorjali Internazzjonali: 3,621 km: Awstrija 784 km, Belġju: 167 km, Repubblika Ċeka: 646 km, Danimarka: 68 km, Franza: 451 km, Lussemburgu: 138 km, Pajjiżi l-Baxxi: 577 km, Polonja: 456 km, Żvizzera: 334 km. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ġeografija_fiżika"><span id=".C4.A0eografija_fi.C5.BCika"></span>Ġeografija fiżika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġeografija fiżika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ġeografija fiżika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ir-reġjuni naturali ewlenin jinfirxu mit-tramuntana għan-nofsinhar: l-artijiet baxxi tat-Tramuntana tal-Ġermanja, il-meded tal-muntanji baxxi u l-għoljiet tal-Alpi mal-Alpi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ġeoloġija"><span id=".C4.A0eolo.C4.A1ija"></span>Ġeoloġija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġeoloġija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ġeoloġija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Geomap_Germany.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Geomap_Germany.png/220px-Geomap_Germany.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Geomap_Germany.png/330px-Geomap_Germany.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Geomap_Germany.png/440px-Geomap_Germany.png 2x" data-file-width="2495" data-file-height="4577" /></a><figcaption>Ġeoloġija tal-wiċċ tal-Ġermanja</figcaption></figure> <p>Ġeoloġikament, il-Ġermanja tappartjeni għall-Ewropa tal-Punent, jiġifieri, għal dik il-parti tal-kontinent li kienet inkorporata biss gradwalment fil-Precambrian konsolidat "Ur-Europe" (l-Ewropa tal-Lvant inkluża ħafna mill-Iskandinavja, cf. Baltica) matul il-kors tas-seklu. XIX. Hija saret Fanerozoic permezz ta 'ħabtiet kontinent-kontinent (formazzjonijiet muntanjużi). Il-provinċji tal-qoxra korrispondenti (provinċji tal-kantina) huma klassikament u sempliċiment imsejħa (tal-Lvant) Avalonia (cf. Oroġenja Caledonian) u Armorica (cf. Oroġenija Variscan). L-iżgħar provinċja tal-qoxra hija l-oroġenu Alpini-Karpazji (cf. Formazzjoni tal-muntanji Alpini), li fiha l-Ġermanja taqsam biss il-ponta tan-nofsinhar tal-Bavarja u li, b'differenza miż-żewġ provinċji tettoniċi l-oħra, tirrappreżenta oroġenu attiv. </p><p>Il-ġeoloġija attwali tal-wiċċ tal-Ġermanja, jiġifieri, il-mudell ta 'kumplessi ta' blat ta 'etajiet differenti u strutturi differenti, kif spiss rappreżentati fuq mapep ġeoloġiċi, qamet bejn 30 u 20 miljun sena ilu fiċ-Ċenozojku iżgħar u ġiet iffurmata b'mod sinifikanti minn żewġ avvenimenti: il-Formazzjoni tal-Muntanji Alpidiċi u l-Età tas-Silġ Kwaternarja. </p><p>L-Età tas-Silġ Kwaternarja sawret il-ġeoloġija tal-wiċċ komparattivament monotona tat-Tramuntana tal-Ġermanja u l-għoljiet ta 'l-Alpi bid-depożiti tal-moraine tagħhom u fenomeni oħra li jakkumpanjaw glaciazzjonijiet fuq skala kbira (cf. serje glaċjali). </p><p>Il-ġeoloġija tal-wiċċ taċ-ċentru u l-biċċa l-kbira tan-Nofsinhar tal-Ġermanja hija r-riżultat ta 'lift u subsidenza tettonika sinifikanti, li tmur lura għall-effetti fuq distanza twila tal-oroġenja Alpina. Hawnhekk xi kumplessi tal-kantina mitwija Variscan tal-qedem (l-aktar Paleozoic) (lavanja u muntanji kristallini) ġew imtellgħin minn taħt il-wiċċ u esposti fuq żoni kbar (inklużi l-muntanji tal-lavanja Rhenish, Harz, Erzgebirge), u parti mill-qoxra tad-Dinja naqset . u spazji ta' sedimentazzjoni li fihom rekords ta' sekwenzi sedimentarji Cenozoic ftit jew wisq ħoxnin ġew iffurmati (Upper Rhine Graben, Lower Rhine Graben, Hessian Depression, Molasse Basin). Il-plateaux jokkupaw pożizzjoni tettonika intermedja bis-sekwenzi tal-istrat Mesozoic mhux mitwija tagħhom, iddominati mit-Triassiku u l-Jurassiku (Thuringian Basin, reġjun tal-istrat tan-Nofsinhar tal-Ġermanja). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meded_tal-muntanji">Meded tal-muntanji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Meded tal-muntanji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Meded tal-muntanji"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Zugspitze_Westansicht.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Zugspitze_Westansicht.JPG/220px-Zugspitze_Westansicht.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Zugspitze_Westansicht.JPG/330px-Zugspitze_Westansicht.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Zugspitze_Westansicht.JPG/440px-Zugspitze_Westansicht.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>F'2,962 metru 'l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar, Zugspitze tal-Bavarja hija l-ogħla punt fil-Ġermanja.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-firxa tal-muntanji tal-Alpi ġeoloġikament żgħażagħ u mitwija hija l-unika firxa tal-muntanji għolja li fiha tipparteċipa l-Ġermanja. L-Alpi Ġermaniżi, li jinsabu kompletament fl-istat tal-Bavarja, għandhom l-uniċi qċaċet tal-muntanji ogħla minn 2000 m'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar. NHN fuq. Is-samit taż-Zugspitze (2962 m 'l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar), li l-Ġermanja taqsam mal-Awstrija, hija l-ogħla punt fil-pajjiż. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:DSC07706_W%C3%BCstems_von_Westen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DSC07706_W%C3%BCstems_von_Westen.jpg/220px-DSC07706_W%C3%BCstems_von_Westen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DSC07706_W%C3%BCstems_von_Westen.jpg/330px-DSC07706_W%C3%BCstems_von_Westen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DSC07706_W%C3%BCstems_von_Westen.jpg/440px-DSC07706_W%C3%BCstems_von_Westen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Pajsaġġ baxx tal-muntanji: foresti u mergħat ħdejn Wüstems f'Taunus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Nebelostfriesland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nebelostfriesland.jpg/220px-Nebelostfriesland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nebelostfriesland.jpg/330px-Nebelostfriesland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nebelostfriesland.jpg/440px-Nebelostfriesland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1501" /></a><figcaption>Artijiet baxxi tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana fil-Frisja tal-Lvant (Tramuntana)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rheinhessen_vineyards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rheinhessen_vineyards.jpg/220px-Rheinhessen_vineyards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rheinhessen_vineyards.jpg/330px-Rheinhessen_vineyards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Rheinhessen_vineyards.jpg/440px-Rheinhessen_vineyards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Pajsaġġ b'vinji f'Rhine-Hesse (Ċentru)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hintersee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hintersee.jpg/220px-Hintersee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hintersee.jpg/330px-Hintersee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hintersee.jpg/440px-Hintersee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="1531" /></a><figcaption>Pajsaġġ Alpin fil-Bavarja. (Nofsinhar)</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-firxiet tal-muntanji baxxi Ġermaniżi jestendu mit-tarf tat-tramuntana tal-firxa tal-muntanji baxxi sat-tarf tal-Alpi u r-Rhine ta' fuq mal-Lag ta' Constance. Normalment jiżdiedu fl-għoli u l-estensjoni mit-tramuntana għan-nofsinhar. L-ogħla quċċata tal-muntanja baxxa hija l-Feldberg fil-Foresta l-Iswed (1,493 m 'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar), segwita mill-Großer Arber fil-Foresta tal-Bavarja (1,456 m 'l fuq mil-livell tal-baħar). Qċaċet ta' aktar minn 1000 m 'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar. NHN jinkludi wkoll Erzgebirge, Fichtelgebirge, Swabian Alb u Harz, li huwa pjuttost iżolat bħala l-aktar fit-Tramuntana ta' l-ogħla firxiet ta' muntanji baxxi tal-Ġermanja bil-Brocken f'1141 m 'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar. NHN jogħla. Fit-tramuntana tal-firxa tal-muntanji baxxi, ftit muntanji biss fi ħdan il-moraines terminali tal-Età tas-Silġ jilħqu aktar minn 100 m 'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar. NHN, inkluż il-Heidehöhe fi Schraden (il-linja tan-Nofsinhar fiż-żona tal-fruntiera bejn Brandenburg u Sassonja) tinsab 201 m 'il fuq mil-livell tal-baħar. NHN huwa l-ogħla. </p><p>Is-sit statali l-aktar fonda tal-Ġermanja, ġeneralment aċċessibbli, jinsab 3.54 m taħt il-livell tal-baħar, f'dipressjoni qrib Neuendorf-Sachsenbande f'Wilstermarsch (Schleswig-Holstein). L-aktar dipressjoni fonda tinsab ukoll f'dan l-istat: 39.6 m taħt il-livell tal-baħar fil-qiegħ tal-Lag Hemmelsdorf, fil-grigal ta' Lübeck. L-iktar punt fonda tat-terren maħluqa artifiċjalment huwa 267 m taħt il-livell tal-baħar, fil-qiegħ tal-minjiera ta' Hambach fil-miftuħ fil-lvant ta' Jülich fin-North Rhine-Westphalia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xmajjar,_lagi_u_kosti"><span id="Xmajjar.2C_lagi_u_kosti"></span>Xmajjar, lagi u kosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Xmajjar, lagi u kosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Xmajjar, lagi u kosti"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ħafna mix-xmajjar kbar tal-Ġermanja jinsabu fil-parti tal-punent tat-territorju. L-aktar importanti huwa r-Rhine, li jiffunzjona wkoll bħala fruntiera naturali mal-Isvizzera u Franza qabel ma tgħaddi għall-kosta tal-Olanda. Fost it-tributarji tar-Rhine hemm il-Lahn, il-Lippe, il-Main, il-Moselle, in-Neckar u r-Ruhr. Xmajjar importanti oħra huma l-Elbe, li tgħaddi mill-fruntiera Ċeka fix-Xlokk sal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana, u d-Danubju, li joriġina fil-Foresti l-Iswed u jmur lejn il-Lvant fil-plateau tal-Bavarja; Jirċievi l-ilmijiet tal-Lech, l-Isar u l-Eno, u jispiċċa jgħaddi fl-<a href="/wiki/Awstrija" title="Awstrija">Awstrija</a>. L-Oder, flimkien mat-tributarju tiegħu, in-Neisse, jiffurmaw il-biċċa l-kbira tal-fruntiera tal-Lvant tal-Ġermanja mal-<a href="/wiki/Polonja" title="Polonja">Polonja</a>. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja hija mdawwar fil-punent mal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana u fil-lvant mal-Baħar Baltiku. Il-kosta Ġermaniża tinkludi żoni ta' duni u bansijiet. Barra mill-kosta hemm diversi gżejjer, inklużi l-Gżejjer Friżjani tat-Tramuntana, il-Gżejjer Friżjani tal-Lvant u l-Gżira ta' Rügen fil-Baħar Baltiku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xmajjar">Xmajjar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Xmajjar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Xmajjar"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Trier_Roemerbruecke_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trier_Roemerbruecke_BW_1.JPG/220px-Trier_Roemerbruecke_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trier_Roemerbruecke_BW_1.JPG/330px-Trier_Roemerbruecke_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Trier_Roemerbruecke_BW_1.JPG/440px-Trier_Roemerbruecke_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7129" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption>Il-Pont Ruman madwar ix-Xmara Moselle f'Tier</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rheinstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Rheinstein.jpg/220px-Rheinstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Rheinstein.jpg/330px-Rheinstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Rheinstein.jpg/440px-Rheinstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1222" /></a><figcaption>Il-Kastell tar-Rhine u Rheinstein fi Trechtingshausen</figcaption></figure> <p>Mis-sitt xmajjar bl-akbar baċiri tad-drenaġġ, ir-Rhine, Elbe, Weser u Ems joħorġu fl-Atlantiku permezz tal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana u l-Oder permezz tal-Baħar Baltiku, filwaqt li d-Danubju jgħaddi fil-Baħar l-Iswed u għalhekk, idrografikament huwa parti minn il-Mediterran. Il-baċini tax-xmara ta' dawn iż-żewġ sistemi huma separati minn xulxin mill-baċin tax-xmara Ewropew ewlieni. </p><p>Ir-Rhine, li jitla' fl-<a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvizzera" title="Żvizzera">Żvizzera</a>, jiddomina l-Lbiċ u l-Punent. Hija tgħaddi għal 865 kilometru tul il-fruntiera Ġermaniża qabel tiżvojta fil-Baħar tat-Tramuntana mill-Olanda. It-tributarji Ġermaniżi ewlenin tagħha huma n-Neckar, Main, Moselle u Ruhr. Ir-Rhine għandu importanza ekonomika kbira u huwa wieħed mill-aktar passaġġi tal-ilma fl-Ewropa. Id-Danubju jbatti kważi l-għoljiet kollha tal-Alpi Ġermaniżi fin-Nofsinhar fuq 647 kilometru u jgħaddi lejn l-Awstrija u x-Xlokk tal-Ewropa. It-tributarji Ġermaniżi ewlenin tagħha huma l-Iller, il-Lech, l-Isar u l-Inn. L-Elbe, li titla' fir-Repubblika Ċeka, taqsam il-Lvant tal-Ġermanja għal 725 kilometru. It-tributarji Ġermaniżi ewlenin tagħha huma s-Saale u l-Havel. F'179 kilometru, l-Oder, bħall-aktar tributarju importanti tiegħu, in-Neisse, hija x-xmara tal-fruntiera mal-Polonja. Il-baċir tal-Weser biss, twil 452 kilometru, jinsab kollu kemm hu fil-Ġermanja. Huwa mitmugħ mix-xmajjar Werra u Fulda u jbattal iċ-ċentru tat-tramuntana. L-Ems jgħaddi 371 kilometru mill-kantuniera tal-majjistral tal-pajjiż. Iż-żona ta 'influwenza tagħha testendi wkoll għal partijiet ta' l-Olanda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lagi">Lagi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Lagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Lagi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lagi naturali huma prinċipalment ta 'oriġini glaċjali. Il-biċċa l-kbira tal-lagi kbar għalhekk jinsabu fl-għoljiet tal-Alpi, fl-Isvizzera Holstein u f'Mecklenburg. L-akbar lag li jappartjeni għal kollox għat-territorju Ġermaniż huwa l-Müritz, li huwa parti mid-Distrett tal-Lag ta' Mecklenburg. L-akbar lag b'parteċipazzjoni Ġermaniża hija l-Lag ta' Constance, li tmiss ukoll mal-<a href="/wiki/Awstrija" title="Awstrija">Awstrija</a> u l-<a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvizzera" title="Żvizzera">Żvizzera</a>. Fil-Punent u fil-Lvant tal-Ġermanja hemm ħafna għadajjar artifiċjali maħluqa mill-kultivazzjoni mill-ġdid ta' minjieri tal-linjite jew artijiet skart industrijali, bħal Neuseenland ta' Leipzig jew Phoenix Lag ta' Dortmund. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gżejjer"><span id="G.C5.BCejjer"></span>Gżejjer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Gżejjer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Gżejjer"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Putgarten,_Kap_Arkona_(2011-05-21)_10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_10.JPG/220px-Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_10.JPG/330px-Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_10.JPG/440px-Putgarten%2C_Kap_Arkona_%282011-05-21%29_10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>L-akbar gżira Ġermaniża, Rügen, tinsab fil-Pomerania tal-Punent fil-Baħar Baltiku (immaġni: Cape Arkona).</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Gżejjer Friżjani jinsabu fil-Baħar Wadden, immedjatament lil hinn mill-kosti Olandiżi, Ġermaniżi u Daniżi tal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana. Filwaqt li l-Gżejjer Friżjani tat-Tramuntana huma fdalijiet ta 'art kontinentali li ġew separati mill-kosta permezz ta' sussidenza tal-art u għargħar sussegwenti, il-Gżejjer Friżjani tal-Lvant huma gżejjer ta 'barriera li ffurmaw minn sediment li jinġarr minn kurrenti paralleli mal-kosta u dinamika tal-mewġ u tal-marea. Helgoland, li tinsab fin-nofs tal-Bight Ġermaniż, hija l-aktar gżira Ġermaniża abitata mill-kontinent. Din tmur lura għall-emerġenza ta 'koppla tal-melħ fis-sottoħamrija tal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana. </p><p>L-akbar gżejjer Ġermaniżi fil-Baħar Baltiku huma (mill-punent għal-lvant) Fehmarn, Poel, Hiddensee, Rügen u Usedom. Rügen hija wkoll l-akbar gżira fil-Ġermanja. L-akbar peniżola hija Fischland-Darß-Zingst. Dawn l-uċuħ tal-art, bl-eċċezzjoni ta 'Fehmarn, huma parti minn kosta ta' laguna, jiġifieri, pajsaġġ ta' moraine terrestri li kien mgħarraq wara l-era tas-silġ u sussegwentement immodifikat minn proċessi ta' terraferma. </p><p>L-akbar u l-aktar gżejjer magħrufa fl-ilmijiet interni huma Reichenau, Mainau u Lindau fil-Lag ta' Constance u Herreninsel fil-Lag Chiemsee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punti_estremi">Punti estremi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Punti estremi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Punti estremi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Din hija lista tal-punti estremi tal-Ġermanja, jiġifieri, il-punti li huma aktar fit-tramuntana, fin-nofsinhar, fil-lvant jew fil-punent minn kwalunkwe post ieħor: </p><p>Il-punt l-aktar fit-Tramuntana — Lista, Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein (55°03′N 8°24′E) Il-punt l-aktar fin-Nofsinhar — Haldenwanger Eck, Oberstdorf, il-Bavarja (47°16′N 10°10′E) Il-punt l-aktar tal-Punent — Millen, North Rhine-Westphalia (51°1′N 5°53′E) Il-punt l-aktar tal-Lvant — Deschka, Sassonja (51°16′N 15°2′E) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Klima"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vergleich_Temperaturtrend_DE_global.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Vergleich_Temperaturtrend_DE_global.png/220px-Vergleich_Temperaturtrend_DE_global.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Vergleich_Temperaturtrend_DE_global.png/330px-Vergleich_Temperaturtrend_DE_global.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Vergleich_Temperaturtrend_DE_global.png/440px-Vergleich_Temperaturtrend_DE_global.png 2x" data-file-width="2185" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Tqabbil tal-evoluzzjoni tat-temperatura fil-Ġermanja (DWD) u madwar id-dinja (NOAA) fil-perjodu 1881 sal-2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja tappartjeni għal kollox għaż-żona tal-klima moderata tal-Ewropa Ċentrali fiż-żona taż-żona tar-riħ tal-punent u tinsab fiż-żona ta' tranżizzjoni bejn il-klima marittima fl-Ewropa tal-Punent u l-klima kontinentali fl-Ewropa tal-Lvant. Il-klima fil-Ġermanja hija influwenzata, fost affarijiet oħra, mill-Gulf Stream, għalhekk it-temperatura medja hija għolja mhux tas-soltu għal din il-latitudni. </p><p>It-temperatura medja annwali, ibbażata fuq il-perjodu normali 1961-1990, hija ta' 8.2 °C fil-pajjiż kollu, it-temperaturi medji ta' kull xahar ivarjaw bejn -0.5 °C f'Jannar u 16.9 °C f'Lulju. Il-preċipitazzjoni medja annwali hija 789 millimetru. Il-preċipitazzjoni medja ta' kull xahar tvarja bejn 49 millimetru fi Frar u 85 millimetru f’Ġunju. </p><p>L-inqas temperatura rreġistrata uffiċjalment fil-Ġermanja kienet -37.8°C; Kien irreġistrat f'Wolnzach fl-1929. L-ogħla temperatura s'issa kienet ta' 41.2 °C u ġiet imkejla fil-25 ta' Lulju, 2019 f'Duisburg-Baerl u f'Tönisvorst fir-Rhine t'isfel. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja għandu fil-biċċa l-kbira klima oċeanika, moderata u marittima bi xtiewi u sjuf friski, spiss imsaħħab u umdi. It-temp kultant huwa imprevedibbli. F'nofs is-sajf, ġurnata waħda tista' tkun sħuna u xemxija u l-oħra kiesħa u xita. Madankollu, kundizzjonijiet atmosferiċi tassew estremi, bħal nixfa qawwija, tornadoes, maltempati tas-silġ, kesħa jew sħana estrema, eċċ., huma rari. Għalkemm fl-aħħar snin deher għargħar fuq skala kbira, huwa wkoll ġeneralment rari. M'hemm l-ebda aħbar ta' terremoti distruttivi. </p><p>Il-biċċa l-kbira tal-Ġermanja tinsab fiż-żona tal-klima friska/temperata fejn jippredominaw ir-riħ umdi tal-punent. L-influwenza marittima ttaffi l-kosta tal-punent. Il-klima hija mmoderata mill-Kurrent tal-Atlantiku tat-Tramuntana, li hija estensjoni tat-Tramuntana tal-Gulf Stream. L-ilmijiet sħan miġjuba minn dan il-kurrent jaffettwaw iż-żoni kostali tal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana inkluża l-Peniżola ta' Jutland u ż-żona tul ir-Rhine, li tmur lejn il-Baħar tat-Tramuntana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fil-majjistral_u_fit-tramuntana">Fil-majjistral u fit-tramuntana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Fil-majjistral u fit-tramuntana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Fil-majjistral u fit-tramuntana"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-klima hija oċeanika (aktar simili għall-klima tar-Renju Unit u l-Olanda) u x-xita tista' tinżel is-sena kollha. Ix-xtiewi huma relattivament ħfief u s-sjuf komparattivament friski. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fil-Lvant">Fil-Lvant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Fil-Lvant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Fil-Lvant"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-klima turi karatteristiċi kontinentali ċari: ix-xtiewi jistgħu jkunu kesħin ħafna għal perjodi twal u s-sjuf jistgħu jkunu sħan ħafna. Perjodi twal ta' nixfa ħafna drabi ġew dokumentati hawn ukoll. Fix-xitwa, il-Ġermanja tista 'taħt l-influwenza tal-antiċiklun Siberjan. Dan ifisser li t-temperaturi huma pjuttost baxxi, speċjalment f'din il-parti tal-pajjiż. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fiċ-ċentru_u_fin-nofsinhar"><span id="Fi.C4.8B-.C4.8Bentru_u_fin-nofsinhar"></span>Fiċ-ċentru u fin-nofsinhar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Fiċ-ċentru u fin-nofsinhar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Fiċ-ċentru u fin-nofsinhar"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hemm klima tranżizzjonali li tista' tkun predominantement oċeanika jew kontinentali, skont is-sitwazzjoni ġenerali tat-temp. Ix-xtiewi huma ħfief u s-sjuf għandhom tendenza li jkunu pjaċevoli, għalkemm it-temperaturi massimi jistgħu jaqbżu t-30°C għal diversi jiem kull darba fil-mewġ tas-sħana. Fin-nofsinhar, fil-qiegħ tal-Alpi, kultant iseħħ il-fenomenu meteoroloġiku tar-riħ sħun tal-muntanji (il-foehn). L-iktar reġjuni sħan tal-Ġermanja jinsabu fil-Lbiċ (ara Upper Rhine u Rhenish Palatinate). Is-sjuf hawn jistgħu jkunu sħan b’numru għoli ta’ ġranet li jaqbżu t-30 °C.1 Kultant it-temperaturi minimi ma jinżlux taħt l-20 °C, li huwa relattivament rari f’reġjuni oħra. Dan it-tip ta' klima tippermetti l-vitikultura, li l-preżenza tagħha tikkaratterizza l-kbar partijiet tal-pajsaġġ tal-Lbiċ tal-Ġermanja (Wine Germany, German Wine Route). Minħabba l-klima ħafifa, il-biċċa l-kbira tal-inbejjed prodotti huma bojod, iżda jiġi prodott ukoll l-inbid aħmar. </p><p>Il-preċipitazzjoni tonqos min-nofsinhar għat-tramuntana u mill-punent għal-lvant. Għalhekk, huwa stmat li l-massimu ta' xita sseħħ f'żoni muntanjużi bħall-Black Forest (sa 2000 mm), imbagħad tagħmel xita madwar 930 mm fi Munich, u Hamburg, minkejja li tkun qrib il-baħar, bilkemm tirċievi 700 mm. Lejn il-Lvant, l-stat ta' Saxony-Anhalt għandu l-inqas xita fil-Ġermanja, bil-belt ta' Quedlinburg tirċievi biss 438 mm fis-sena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambjent">Ambjent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ambjent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ambjent"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Grube_Messel_fg04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Grube_Messel_fg04.jpg/220px-Grube_Messel_fg04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Grube_Messel_fg04.jpg/330px-Grube_Messel_fg04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Grube_Messel_fg04.jpg/440px-Grube_Messel_fg04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Sit fossili ta' Messel, ħdejn Darmstadt, Sit ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Ġermanja.</figcaption></figure> <p>Madwar 30% tat-territorju huwa magħmul minn foresti, li ħafna minnhom jinsabu fin-nofs tan-nofsinhar tal-pajjiż. Madwar żewġ terzi minn dawn il-foresti huma magħmula minn arżnu u koniferi oħra, bil-kumplament magħmul minn speċi jwaqqgħu l-weraq bħall-fagu, il-betula, il-ballut u l-ġewż. Dwieli jkopru ħafna mill-għoljiet tal-Lbiċ tal-pajjiż u jestendu wkoll tul ix-xmajjar Rhine, Moselle u Main. Il-ġonna tal-frott huma karatteristika prominenti fil-Punent tal-Ġermanja. Il-flora hija ta 'varjetà kbira u showiness. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja għandha 22,907 żona protetta, li jkopru 135,031 km², jiġifieri 37.76% tat-territorju tal-pajjiż. </p><p>Il-bijoma dominanti fil-Ġermanja hija l-foresta tal-injam iebes moderat, għalkemm fin-Nofsinhar, fl-Alpi, hemm preżenti l-foresta tal-koniferi moderata. Il-WWF taqsam it-territorju tal-Ġermanja bejn ħames ekoreġjuni: </p> <ul><li>Foresti mħallta Atlantiku, fil-majjistral</li> <li>Foresti mħallta Baltika, fil-grigal</li> <li>Foresti mħallta tal-Ewropa ċentrali, fil-Lvant</li> <li>Foresti tal-injam iebes tal-Ewropa tal-Punent, fiċ-ċentru u fin-Nofsinhar</li> <li>Foresta Alpina, fin-Nofsinhar estrem, fuq il-fruntiera mal-Awstrija</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Flora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Flora"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:L%C3%BCneburger_Heide_093.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/L%C3%BCneburger_Heide_093.jpg/220px-L%C3%BCneburger_Heide_093.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/L%C3%BCneburger_Heide_093.jpg/330px-L%C3%BCneburger_Heide_093.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/L%C3%BCneburger_Heide_093.jpg/440px-L%C3%BCneburger_Heide_093.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Il-Lüneburg Heath fis-Sassonja t'Isfel</figcaption></figure> <p>Iż-żona naturali tal-Ġermanja tinsab fiż-żona tal-klima moderata friska; Mill-punent għal-lvant, il-veġetazzjoni naturali tagħha timmarka t-tranżizzjoni mill-klima marittima tal-punent għall-klima kontinentali. Mingħajr l-influwenza tal-bniedem, il-flora tkun ikkaratterizzata prinċipalment minn foresti jwaqqgħu l-weraq u mħallta, bl-eċċezzjoni ta' postijiet niexfa jew foqra fin-nutrijenti, bħal summits tal-blat, artijiet baxxi tax-xagħri u pajsaġġi tal-moorland, kif ukoll artijiet għoljin alpini u subalpini, li Huma estremament fqira fil-veġetazzjoni u għandhom klima simili għaż-żona tal-klima kiesħa temperata. </p><p>Fil-livell lokali, il-flora fil-Ġermanja turi grad għoli ta 'diversifikazzjoni minħabba fatturi tal-lokazzjoni tat-terren u s-sitwazzjoni mesoklimatika. Il-popolazzjoni totali ta' speċi ta' pjanti selvaġġi fil-Ġermanja hija stmata għal aktar minn 9,500 speċi, li minnhom kważi 3,000 huma pjanti taż-żerriegħa, 74 huma felċi, aktar minn 1,000 huma ħażiż u madwar 3,000 huma dijatomi. Hemm ukoll madwar 14,000 speċi ta' fungi u 373 speċi ta' moffa tal-ħama. Bosta speċi introdotti, bħall-ħarrub iswed u l-balzmu, issa jinsabu, speċjalment f'żoni mhux maħduma u disturbati. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mt&wpDestFile=NP_M%C3%BCritz_Teilgebie_Serrahn-7.JPG" class="new" title="Stampa:NP Müritz Teilgebie Serrahn-7.JPG"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">Stampa:NP Müritz Teilgebie Serrahn-7.JPG</span></a><figcaption>Foresta antika fil-Park Nazzjonali Müritz fis-sajf. Madwar 32 fil-mija tal-art tal-Ġermanja hija koperta minn foresti.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bħalissa, il-foresti jkopru madwar 30 fil-mija tal-art tal-Ġermanja. Dan jagħmel lill-Ġermanja wieħed mill-aktar pajjiżi forestati fl-Unjoni Ewropea. Il-kompożizzjoni attwali tal-ispeċi tas-siġar tikkorrispondi biss sa ċertu punt għall-kundizzjonijiet naturali u hija ddeterminata prinċipalment mill-forestrija. L-aktar speċi ta' siġar komuni huma l-prinjoli rjali b'26.0 fil-mija taż-żona, segwiti mill-arżnu Skoċċiż bi 22.9 fil-mija, il-fagu b'15.8 fil-mija u l-ballut b’10.6 fil-mija. </p><p>Madwar nofs iż-żona tal-istat tintuża għall-agrikoltura; Skont l-Uffiċċju Federali tal-Istatistika, fil-31 ta' Diċembru, 2016 kien ta' 182,637 kilometru kwadru. Minbarra l-użu tiegħu bħala mergħa permanenti, ħafna minnu ġie kkultivat, sa mill-Età tal-Ġebla u l-Età tal-Bronż, prinċipalment bl-uċuħ tar-raba'. li ma jseħħux b'mod naturali fl-Ewropa Ċentrali (il-biċċa l-kbira taċ-ċereali mill-Lvant Qarib, patata u qamħ mill-Amerika). Fil-widien tax-xmajjar, inklużi l-Main, Moselle, Ahr u Rhine, il-pajsaġġ spiss ġie trasformat favur il-vitikultura. </p><p>Il-konservazzjoni tan-natura fil-Ġermanja hija kompitu pubbliku u għan tal-istat minqux fl-Artikolu 20 tal-Liġi Bażika. 16-il park nazzjonali (ara parks nazzjonali fil-Ġermanja), 19-il riżerva tal-bijosfera, 105 park naturali u eluf ta' riżervi naturali, żoni ta' protezzjoni tal-pajsaġġ u monumenti naturali jservu għall-konservazzjoni tan-natura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fawna">Fawna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Fawna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Fawna"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Adult_white-tailed_eagle_(Haliaeetus_albicilla)_of_central_Poland_in_flight_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg/220px-Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg/330px-Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg/440px-Adult_white-tailed_eagle_%28Haliaeetus_albicilla%29_of_central_Poland_in_flight_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4747" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>L-ajkla tal-baħar, għasfur tal-priża protett</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Common_Seal_Phoca_vitulina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Common_Seal_Phoca_vitulina.jpg/220px-Common_Seal_Phoca_vitulina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Common_Seal_Phoca_vitulina.jpg/330px-Common_Seal_Phoca_vitulina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Common_Seal_Phoca_vitulina.jpg/440px-Common_Seal_Phoca_vitulina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2892" data-file-height="1928" /></a><figcaption>Siġill fuq il-gżira tal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana ta' Heligoland Dune</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja ftit għandha fawna varjata. L-aktar mammiferi komuni huma ċriev, ħanżir selvaġġ, ballottra, badger, lupu u volpi. Fost il-ftit rettili hemm serp velenuż, il-viper Ewropew. Is-sapponijiet, il-wiżż u għasafar oħra li jpassu jaqsmu l-pajjiż fi qatgħat kbar. Fl-ilmijiet kostali tal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana u tal-Baħar Baltiku, jinstab ħut bħal aringi, merluzz u barbun tat-tbajja', filwaqt li fix-xmajjar hemm karpjun, catfish u trota komuni. </p><p>Skont ir-regolamenti tal-Unjoni Ewropea, it-territorju ta' dan il-pajjiż huwa maqsum fi tliet reġjuni bijoġeografiċi:6 kontinentali, Atlantiku u, fil-parti tal-Alpi Ġermaniżi, ir-reġjun bijoġeografiku Alpin. Is-Siti ta' Wirt Dinji li ġejjin iddikjarati mill-UNESCO jispikkaw fil-wirt naturali tagħha: il-Baħar Wadden (2009), assi naturali li jaqsam mal-Pajjiżi l-Baxxi, u s-Sit Fossili ta' Messel (1995). Għandu 15-il riżerva tal-bijosfera. 868,226 ettaru huma protetti bħala art mistagħdra ta' importanza internazzjonali taħt il-Konvenzjoni Ramsar, b'kollox, 34 sit Ramsar. Fl-aħħarnett, għandha 14-il park nazzjonali, inklużi Harz u Jasmund. </p><p>Ir-riskju naturali ewlieni huwa l-għargħar. Rigward problemi ambjentali: l-emissjonijiet mill-ħruq tal-faħam u l-industriji jikkontribwixxu għat-tniġġis tal-arja; xita aċiduża li tirriżulta mill-emissjonijiet tal-ossidu tal-kubrit qed tagħmel ħsara lill-foresti; tniġġis fil-Baħar Baltiku mill-emissjoni ta' drenaġġ u skariki industrijali mix-xmajjar fil-Lvant tal-Ġermanja; rimi perikoluż ta' skart; il-gvern stabbilixxa mekkaniżmu biex itemm l-użu tal-enerġija nukleari matul il-ħmistax-il sena li ġejjin; Il-gvern qed jaħdem biex jikseb l-impenji tal-Unjoni Ewropea biex jiġu identifikati żoni ta' konservazzjoni tan-natura skont id-Direttiva Ewropea dwar il-Konservazzjoni tal-Ħabitat, Flora u Fawna. </p><p>Fil-Ġermanja, ġew identifikati madwar 48,000 speċi ta' annimali, inklużi 104 mammiferi, 328 għasfur, 13-il rettili, 22 anfibji u 197 speċi ta' ħut, kif ukoll aktar minn 33,000 speċi ta' insetti, li jagħmlu l-pajjiż “wieħed mill-aktar b'inqas speċi. minħabba l-iżvilupp ġeoloġiku u l-post ġeografiku.” Dawn l-speċi jinkludu aktar minn 1,000 krustaċej, kważi 3,800 brimb, 635 molluski, u aktar minn 5,300 invertebrat ieħor. </p><p>Il-mammiferi selvaġġi indiġeni għall-Ġermanja jinkludu ċriev, ħanżir, ċriev u ċriev mhux maħdum, kif ukoll volpijiet, martens u linċi. Il-kasturi u l-lontra huma abitanti rari tal-pjanuri tal-għargħar tax-xmajjar, u f'xi każijiet il-popolazzjonijiet tagħhom qed jerġgħu jiżdiedu. L-ibex, il-marmotta alpina u l-kamoxxa jgħixu fl-Alpi tal-Bavarja; dawn tal-aħħar jistgħu jinstabu wkoll f’diversi meded ta' muntanji baxxi. Mammiferi kbar oħra li qabel kienu jgħixu f’dik li llum hija l-Ġermanja ġew sterminati: żiemel selvaġġ, uru (seklu 15), bison (seklu 16), ors kannella (seklu 19), lupu (seklu 19), elk (seklu 20). Filwaqt li l-moose issa jemigraw okkażjonalment minn pajjiżi ġirien, l-ilpup Pollakki reġgħu stabbilixxew ruħhom sew fil-Ġermanja u welldu l-ewwel frieħ tagħhom madwar il-bidu tal-millennju. Fl-2018, 73 pakkett tal-lupu ġew ikkonfermati fil-Ġermanja, li ħafna minnhom jgħixu fl-stati federali ta' Sassonja, Brandenburg u Sassonja t'Isfel. Fl-2013, merħla bison ġiet rilaxxata fis-selvaġġ fil-Muntanji Rothaar u issa żdiedet għal madwar 40 annimal. F'Ottubru 2019, ors kannella, probabbilment ġej mill-Italja, ġie ritratt minn kamera tal-annimali selvaġġi fid-distrett ta' Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Fix-xhur ta' wara, l-annimal reġa' ġie skopert diversi drabi. “Problem bear” Bruno, ors, kien diġà emigra lejn il-Ġermanja fl-2006. Il-linċi oriġinarjament minn hawn issa jerġgħu jgħixu fil-Ġermanja, għalkemm f'numru mnaqqas, peress li huma vittmi ripetuti tal-kaċċa illegali u tat-traffiku fit-toroq. </p><p>Hemm madwar 500 par tal-ajkla tal-baħar, li hija meqjusa bħala l-mudell tal-annimal araldika Ġermaniż, prinċipalment f'Mecklenburg-Vorpommern u Brandenburg. L-ajkla tad-deheb tinstab biss fl-Alpi tal-Bavarja, fejn qed jirritorna wkoll l-avultu tad-daqna Żvizzeru u Awstrijak, li estinta hemmhekk. L-aktar għasafar tal-priża komuni llum huma l-bużżażan u l-kestrel; il-popolazzjoni tal-falkun pellegrin hija sinifikament iżgħar. Aktar minn nofs il-popolazzjoni totali ta' astun aħmar titkattar fil-Ġermanja, iżda n-numri qed jonqsu minħabba agrikoltura intensiva. Mill-banda l-oħra, ħafna għasafar jibbenefikaw mill-preżenza tal-bniedem bħala segwaċi kulturali, speċjalment ħamiem urban, blackbirds (għasafar tal-foresti tal-qedem), għasafar tal-qedem u titmice li jgħixu fl-ibliet, li s-sopravivenza tagħhom hija assigurata wkoll bl-ikel, kif ukoll ċawla u l-gawwi fil-miżbliet. Il-Baħar Wadden huwa post ta' mistrieħ għal bejn għaxar u tnax-il miljun għasfur migratorju kull sena. </p><p>Is-salamun, li darba kien komuni fix-xmajjar, inqered fil-biċċa l-kbira minħabba l-industrijalizzazzjoni, iżda fis-snin tmenin reġgħu ġew introdotti fir-Rhine. L-aħħar storion inqabad fil-Ġermanja fl-1969. Il-karpjuni introdotti mir-Rumani huma ppreservati f'ħafna għadajjar. L-ispeċi tal-foki u l-foki griż, li f’nofs is-seklu 20 kienu kważi sterminati minn sajjieda professjonali bħala kompetituri għall-priża tagħhom u li issa huma protetti (din tal-aħħar huwa l-akbar predatur indiġenu fil-Ġermanja), huma għal darb'oħra rappreżentati fuq il-kosti Ġermaniżi mal-Ġermanja. diversi eluf ta' kopji. Hemm tmien speċi ta' balieni fl-Ibħra tat-Tramuntana u l-Baħar Baltiku, inklużi l-foċena u d-delfini komuni, speċi oħra ta' lampuki. </p><p>Il-fawna tar-rettili fqira fl-ispeċi tinkludi, pereżempju, sriep, viperi, gremxul tar-ramel u l-fekruna tal-għadira Ewropea fil-periklu. Anfibji bħal salamandri, żrinġijiet, rospi, rospi u tritons huma speċi protetti fil-Ġermanja, u nofs il-madwar 20 speċi huma elenkati fil-lista l-ħamra nazzjonali ta' speċi ta' annimali mhedda. </p><p>In-neozoans parzjalment invażivi fil-Ġermanja (speċi ta' annimali introdotti) jinkludu r-rakkun, il-kelb tar-rakkun, il-faru muskrat, il-lontra, il-parrukkju b'għonq ċurkett, il-wiżż tal-Kanada u l-wiżż Eġizzjan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ġeografija_umana"><span id=".C4.A0eografija_umana"></span>Ġeografija umana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġeografija umana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ġeografija umana"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Gm-map-es.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gm-map-es.png/220px-Gm-map-es.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Gm-map-es.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Bliet ewlenin fil-Ġermanja</figcaption></figure> <p>Għandha popolazzjoni ta' 82,329,758 abitant (est. Lulju 2009), 74% urbani (2008). </p><p>Il-kapitali, Berlin, għandha popolazzjoni ta' 3.4 miljun abitant, li tagħmilha l-aktar belt popolata fil-pajjiż, kif ukoll il-ħames l-akbar agglomerazzjoni urbana fost il-pajjiżi tal-Unjoni Ewropea. Aktar minn tmenin belt għandhom aktar minn 100,000 abitant, l-ewwel ħamsa jkunu, wara Berlin: Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt am Main u Stuttgart. </p><p>Hija maqsuma amministrattivament f'16-il stat (bil-Ġermaniż, Länder, singular - Land): Baden-Wurttemberg, Bavarja, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate , Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia. Il-Bavarja, is-Sassonja u t-Turingja jsejħu lilhom infushom Freistaaten (singulari, Freistaat), li tfisser "stati ħielsa". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ġeografija_ekonomika"><span id=".C4.A0eografija_ekonomika"></span>Ġeografija ekonomika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġeografija ekonomika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Ġeografija ekonomika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riżorsi naturali: faħam, linjite, gass naturali, minerali tal-ħadid, ram, nikil, uranju, potassju, melħ, materjali tal-kostruzzjoni, injam u art li tinħarat, li tirrappreżenta 33.13% tal-użu tal-art. 0.6% u 66.27% oħra (2005) huma ddedikati għall-uċuħ tar-raba' permanenti. Art imsaqqija tirrappreżenta 4 850 km² (2003). </p><p>Il-PGD (est. 2009) ġej l-aktar mis-settur tas-servizzi 72%, imbagħad hemm l-industrija (27.1%) u finalment l-agrikoltura, li tipprovdi biss 0.9%. Fl-istess ħin, il-maġġoranza tal-popolazzjoni attiva (2005) hija ddedikata għas-servizzi (67.8%), imbagħad għall-industrija (29.7%) u finalment minoranza (2.4%) għall-agrikoltura. </p><p>L-ekonomija Ġermaniża, li hija l-ħames l-akbar fid-dinja u l-akbar fl-<a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropa</a>, hija mexxejja fl-esportazzjoni ta 'makkinarju, vetturi, kimiċi u tagħmir tad-dar. Jibbenefika minn forza tax-xogħol kwalifikata ħafna. Bħall-ġirien tagħha tal-Ewropa tal-Punent, il-Ġermanja tiffaċċja sfidi demografiċi sinifikanti biex iżżomm it-tkabbir fit-tul. Rati baxxi ta' fertilità u immigrazzjoni netta li qed tonqos se jżidu l-pressjoni fuq is-sistema tal-istat soċjali tal-pajjiż u jeħtieġu riformi strutturali. Il-modernizzazzjoni u l-integrazzjoni tal-ekonomija tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant, fejn il-qgħad jista' jaqbeż l-20 % f'xi muniċipalitajiet, jibqa' terminu twil għali ħafna, bi trasferimenti annwali mill-Punent għal-Lvant li jilħqu fl-2008 biss madwar tnax-il biljun dollaru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ġeografija_umana_2"><span id=".C4.A0eografija_umana_2"></span>Ġeografija umana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġeografija umana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Ġeografija umana"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sundern-Amecke,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sundern-Amecke%2C_Germany.jpg/220px-Sundern-Amecke%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sundern-Amecke%2C_Germany.jpg/330px-Sundern-Amecke%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sundern-Amecke%2C_Germany.jpg/440px-Sundern-Amecke%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>Pajsaġġ kulturali varjat ħafna f'reġjun rurali tal-istat l-aktar popolat ta' North Rhine-Westphalia: insedjamenti, żoni agrikoli, żoni tal-foresti u ġibjun</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja għandha total ta' disa' stati ġirien: il-Ġermanja tmiss mad-Danimarka fit-Tramuntana, il-Polonja fil-Grigal, ir-Repubblika Ċeka fil-lvant, Awstrija fix-Xlokk, l-Zvizzera fin-nofsinhar, Franza fil-Lbiċ, il-Lussemburgu u l-Belġju fil-punent, u lejn il-majjistral mal-Olanda. It-tul tal-fruntiera huwa ta' 3,876 kilometru b'kollox. </p><p>Fil-Ġermanja, total ta' 51 fil-mija tal-art tal-pajjiż tintuża għall-agrikoltura (2016), bil-foresti jkopru 30 fil-mija oħra. 14 fil-mija jintuża bħala żona ta' settlement u traffiku. Iż-żoni tal-ilma jirrappreżentaw tnejn fil-mija, it-tlieta fil-mija li jifdal huma mqassma f'żoni oħra, l-aktar artijiet skart u wkoll minjieri miftuħa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diviżjoni_amministrattiva"><span id="Divi.C5.BCjoni_amministrattiva"></span>Diviżjoni amministrattiva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Diviżjoni amministrattiva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Diviżjoni amministrattiva"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Germany_in_Europe_(-rivers_-mini_map).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Germany_in_Europe_%28-rivers_-mini_map%29.svg/220px-Germany_in_Europe_%28-rivers_-mini_map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Germany_in_Europe_%28-rivers_-mini_map%29.svg/330px-Germany_in_Europe_%28-rivers_-mini_map%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Germany_in_Europe_%28-rivers_-mini_map%29.svg/440px-Germany_in_Europe_%28-rivers_-mini_map%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption>Il-Ġermanja (1990-preżent)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Germany,_administrative_divisions_(%2Bdistricts)_-_de_-_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Germany%2C_administrative_divisions_%28%2Bdistricts%29_-_de_-_colored.svg/220px-Germany%2C_administrative_divisions_%28%2Bdistricts%29_-_de_-_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Germany%2C_administrative_divisions_%28%2Bdistricts%29_-_de_-_colored.svg/330px-Germany%2C_administrative_divisions_%28%2Bdistricts%29_-_de_-_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Germany%2C_administrative_divisions_%28%2Bdistricts%29_-_de_-_colored.svg/440px-Germany%2C_administrative_divisions_%28%2Bdistricts%29_-_de_-_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>Diviżjoni politika tal-Ġermanja fi stati, distretti amministrattivi, distretti u bliet indipendenti</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/220px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/330px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/440px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>Organizzazzjoni territorjali</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutschland_politisch_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Deutschland_politisch_2010.png/220px-Deutschland_politisch_2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Deutschland_politisch_2010.png/330px-Deutschland_politisch_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Deutschland_politisch_2010.png/440px-Deutschland_politisch_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Organizzazzjoni territorjali</figcaption></figure> <p>Ir-repubblika federali tikkonsisti minn 16-il stat membru, li uffiċjalment jissejħu stati (stati federali). Il-belt-stat ta’ Berlin u Hamburg huma kull waħda magħmula minn muniċipalitajiet unitarji tal-istess isem, filwaqt li l-Belt Ħielsa Anseatika ta’ Bremen, bħala t-tielet belt-stat, tinkludi żewġ muniċipalitajiet separati, Bremen u Bremerhaven. B'differenza minn stati federali oħra, m'hemm l-ebda żoni federali fil-Ġermanja. </p><p>Il-muniċipalitajiet huma l-iżgħar unitajiet amministrattivi u awtoritajiet lokali kostitwiti demokratikament u legalment indipendenti fil-Ġermanja. Għandhom tradizzjoni twila ta' natura kooperattiva, li tmur lura għall-Medju Evu. Illum, il-muniċipalitajiet fil-Ġermanja, bl-eċċezzjoni tal-bliet stati u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-bliet indipendenti, huma miġbura f'distretti u assoċjazzjonijiet muniċipali oħra. Hemm 400 awtorità lokali fil-livell tad-distrett, li minnhom 294 huma distretti u 106 belt indipendenti. Huma maqsuma f'total ta' 10,752 muniċipalità (minn Ġunju 2024), u t-tendenza qed tonqos, kif ukoll aktar minn 200 żona mhux inkorporata fil-biċċa l-kbira diżabitata. Id-distretti u l-muniċipalitajiet huma suġġetti għal-liġi kostituzzjonali muniċipali tal-istat federali rispettiv u għalhekk huma organizzati b'mod differenti fil-pajjiż kollu. Għalhekk, id-distrett huwa kemm awtorità muniċipali supralokali kif ukoll awtorità amministrattiva statali aktar baxxa, għandu l-korp rappreżentattiv tiegħu stess, il-kunsill distrettwali (l-Artikolu 28, paragrafu 1, sentenza 2 tal-Liġi Bażika), u jwettaq diversi kompiti distrettwali; “komunità supralokali” għall-muniċipalitajiet li jappartjenu għad-distrett. </p><p>l-muniċipalitajiet huma parti mill-stati taħt il-liġi kostituzzjonali, li jfisser li huma soġġetti għas-superviżjoni u l-istruzzjonijiet tagħhom u għalhekk m'għandhomx is-sovranità tal-stat tagħhom stess. Il-garanzija tal-awtonomija tal-artikolu 28, taqsima 2 tal-Liġi Bażika: minn naħa, l-hekk imsejħa garanzija istituzzjonali tas-suġġett legali, li minnha jirriżulta li l-muniċipalitajiet għandhom jeżistu fl-istruttura tal-Stat, u fuq min-naħa l-oħra, liġi pubblika suġġettiva b'rank kostituzzjonali tiddistingwi bejn il-muniċipalitajiet li lilhom dan id-dritt jingħata fl-intier tiegħu u l-assoċjazzjonijiet muniċipali (distretti) li lilhom jingħata biss b'mod gradwali. Għalhekk hemm relazzjoni ċara bejn ir-regoli u l-eċċezzjoni favur il-muniċipalitajiet meta jiġu biex jiġu delimitati l-kompiti bejn il-muniċipalitajiet u d-distretti (prinċipju tas-sussidjarjetà). Fir-rigward ta' “affarijiet tal-komunità lokali”, jiġifieri, l-awtorità ggarantita fl-Artikolu 28(2)(1) tal-Liġi Bażika li twettaq negozju b'mod indipendenti f’dan il-qasam ta' responsabbiltà (l-hekk imsejjaħ għan ta' garanzija legali tal-istituzzjoni ), il-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali tat prijorità lill-livell tal-komunità fuq il-livell tad-distrett determinat skont il-liġi: skont dan, il-prinċipju ta' "'universalità' tal-ambitu tal-attività muniċipali" japplika għall-bliet u l-muniċipalitajiet " bħala kundizzjoni essenzjali "u "karatteristika ta' identifikazzjoni ta' awto-gvern muniċipali", b'kuntrast mal-kompetenza speċjali ta' assoċjazzjonijiet muniċipali taħt dispożizzjonijiet legali espressi ta' Assenjazzjoni, li jfisser li m'hemm l-ebda sovranitajiet fissi ta' assoċjazzjonijiet komunitarji. </p><p>Fil-Ġermanja hemm dawn is-16-il stat: </p> <table style="background:none;" cellspacing="2px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;"> <th style="width:140px;">Stat</th> <th style="width:35px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Aavetta_re%C4%A1junali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ċavetta reġjunali (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Indiċi</a></th> <th style="width:85px;">Belt kapital</th> <th style="width:85px;">Erja (km²)</th> <th style="width:85px;">Popolazzjoni<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amburgu" title="Amburgu">Amburgu</a></td> <td>02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amburgu" title="Amburgu">Amburgu</a> (Hamburg)</td> <td style="text-align:right">755</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,734,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baden-Württemberg (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Baden-Württemberg</a></td> <td>08</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuttgart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuttgart (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Stuttgart</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">35,752</td> <td style="text-align:right">10,569,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bavarja" title="Bavarja">Bavarja</a></td> <td>09</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> (München)</td> <td style="text-align:right">70,549</td> <td style="text-align:right">12,519,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">892</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,375,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburg (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Brandenburg</a></td> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Potsdam</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">29,477</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,449,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belt_Anseatika_%C4%A6ielsa_ta%27_Bremen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belt Anseatika Ħielsa ta' Bremen (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Bremen</a></td> <td>04</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bremen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bremen (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Bremen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">404</td> <td style="text-align:right">654,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hessen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hessen (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Hessen</a></td> <td>06</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiesbaden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiesbaden (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Wiesbaden</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">21,115</td> <td style="text-align:right">6,016,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecklenburg-Vorpommern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></td> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwerin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwerin (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Schwerin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">23,174</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,600,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordrhein-Westfalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordrhein-Westfalen (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Nordrhein-Westfalen</a></td> <td>05</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Düsseldorf (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Düsseldorf</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">34,043</td> <td style="text-align:right">17,554,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheinland-Pfalz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheinland-Pfalz (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Rheinland-Pfalz</a></td> <td>07</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mainz (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Mainz</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">19,847</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,990,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saarland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saarland (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Saarland</a></td> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saarbr%C3%BCcken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saarbrücken (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Saarbrücken</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,569</td> <td style="text-align:right">994,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassonja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassonja (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sassonja</a></td> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dresden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dresden (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Dresden</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">18,416</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,050,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassonja-Anhalt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassonja-Anhalt (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sassonja-Anhalt</a></td> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdeburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magdeburg (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Magdeburg</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">20,445</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,259,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassonja_l-Baxxa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassonja l-Baxxa (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Sassonja l-Baxxa</a></td> <td>03</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanover&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanover (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Hanover</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">47,618</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,779,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswig-Holstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswig-Holstein (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Schleswig-Holstein</a></td> <td>01</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiel (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Kiel</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">15,763</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,806,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%BCringen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thüringen (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Thüringen</a></td> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erfurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erfurt (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Erfurt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">16,172</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,170,500 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Żoni_metropolitani"><span id=".C5.BBoni_metropolitani"></span>Żoni metropolitani</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Żoni metropolitani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Żoni metropolitani"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Entwicklung_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fst%C3%A4dte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Entwicklung_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fst%C3%A4dte.png/220px-Entwicklung_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fst%C3%A4dte.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Entwicklung_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fst%C3%A4dte.png/330px-Entwicklung_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fst%C3%A4dte.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Entwicklung_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fst%C3%A4dte.png/440px-Entwicklung_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fst%C3%A4dte.png 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Żvilupp storiku u distribuzzjoni tal-bliet ewlenin attwali u preċedenti f'Diċembru 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Einwohnerdichte_Deutschland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Einwohnerdichte_Deutschland.png/220px-Einwohnerdichte_Deutschland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Einwohnerdichte_Deutschland.png/330px-Einwohnerdichte_Deutschland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Einwohnerdichte_Deutschland.png/440px-Einwohnerdichte_Deutschland.png 2x" data-file-width="3352" data-file-height="4816" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tad-densità tal-popolazzjoni fil-livell ta' distretti u bliet indipendenti, l-ibliet ta' Bremen u Bremerhaven, kif ukoll il-gżejjer tal-Baħar tat-Tramuntana u l-Baħar Baltiku, fil-Ġermanja fl-2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Fil-Ġermanja, żoni b'popolazzjoni densa u żoni metropolitani (agglomerazzjonijiet) mhumiex definiti b'mod preċiż statistikament. Hemm (mill-31 ta' Diċembru 2022) 82 belt kbira (100,000 abitant jew aktar), 15 minnhom għandhom aktar minn 500,000 abitant, storikament predominantement fil-Punent u l-Lbiċ tal-Ġermanja. Dawn iż-żoni metropolitani li jiġġebbed tul ir-Rhine jiffurmaw il-parti tan-nofs tal-konċentrazzjoni tal-popolazzjoni tal-Ewropa Ċentrali (Blue Banana). Ħafna mill-agglomerazzjonijiet huma monoċentriċi, iżda ż-żona tar-Ruhr hija konurbazzjoni (poliċentrika). Il-Ġermanja, bil-ħafna ċentri tagħha, m'għandhiex belt prinċipali, b'differenza mill-pajjiżi ġirien tagħha, l-Awstrija bil-kapitali tagħha Vjenna u d-Danimarka ma' Kopenħagen. Minkejja n-numru kbir ta' bliet kbar, sal-31 ta' Diċembru, 2022, ftit inqas minn terz (27.2 miljun) tar-residenti tal-Ġermanja kienu jgħixu fi bliet kbar. </p><p>Bejn l-1995 u l-2005 fil-Ġermanja, total ta' ħdax-il reġjun metropolitan Ewropew ġew definiti fil-Konferenza Ministerjali dwar l-Ippjanar Spazjali. Dawn imorru ferm lil hinn mill-agglomerazzjonijiet korrispondenti. Cologne/Düsseldorf/Dortmund/Essen jappartjenu għar-reġjun metropolitan Rhine-Ruhr, Leipzig/Halle/Chemnitz jappartjenu għar-reġjun metropolitan tal-Ġermanja Ċentrali. Ieħor huwa r-reġjun metropolitan ta' Rhine-Neckar, madwar Ludwigshafen/Mannheim/Heidelberg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popolazzjoni">Popolazzjoni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Popolazzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Popolazzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografija">Demografija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Demografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Demografija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Alterspyramide_Deutschland_2021_(CIA_World_Factbook).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Alterspyramide_Deutschland_2021_%28CIA_World_Factbook%29.png/220px-Alterspyramide_Deutschland_2021_%28CIA_World_Factbook%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Alterspyramide_Deutschland_2021_%28CIA_World_Factbook%29.png/330px-Alterspyramide_Deutschland_2021_%28CIA_World_Factbook%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Alterspyramide_Deutschland_2021_%28CIA_World_Factbook%29.png/440px-Alterspyramide_Deutschland_2021_%28CIA_World_Factbook%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Struttura tal-popolazzjoni skont l-età fl-2021</figcaption></figure> <p>Skont l-aġġornament taċ-ċensiment tal-2011, mit-30 ta' Settembru, 2020, 83,190,556 abitant għexu fil-Ġermanja fuq erja ta' 357,381 kilometru kwadru. Bi kważi 233 abitant għal kull kilometru kwadru, il-pajjiż huwa wieħed mill-aktar stati densament popolati. Fl-2020, 50.7 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni kienu nisa u 49.3 fil-mija kienu rġiel. Fl-2019, 18.4 fil-mija tar-residenti kellhom taħt l-20 sena, 24.6 fil-mija kellhom bejn 20 u 40 sena, u 28.4 fil-mija kellhom bejn 40 u 60 sena. 21.7 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni kellha bejn 60 u 80 sena u 6.8 fil-mija kienet akbar. Fl-2019, l-età medja kienet 44.5 snin. Il-Ġermanja hija waħda mill-eqdem soċjetajiet fid-dinja. Skont iċ-ċensiment tal-2022, mill-15 ta' Mejju, 2022, 82,711,282 persuna għexu fil-Ġermanja. </p><p>Minbarra l-familja bħala l-aktar forma mixtieqa ta' koeżistenza, ħafna mudelli ta' ħajja huma rappreżentati fis-soċjetà Ġermaniża. In-numru ta' tfal imwielda ħajjin kien ta' 737,575 fl-2015, l-ogħla numru ta' twelid fi 15-il sena. Dan jikkorrispondi għal rata ta' twelid ta' 1.50 wild għal kull mara jew 9.6 twelid għal kull 1,000 abitant. Matul l-istess perjodu, ġew irreġistrati 925,200 mewt, madwar 11.2 każ għal kull 1,000 abitant. Fl-2021, ir-rata tat-twelid għal kull mara żdiedet għal 1.58 tifel u tifla, u s-sena ta' wara reġgħet niżlet għal 1.46 tifel għal kull mara. </p><p>Minħabba li r-rata tal-mewt kienet ogħla mir-rata tat-twelid kull sena mill-1972, l-għan tal-politika huwa li nimxu lejn soċjetà favur il-familja, li tappoġġja t-tfal u l-frieħ, b'familji bi tfal multipli (pronataliżmu). L-esperti jqisu li l-kompatibilità bejn il-familja u l-karriera hija rekwiżit fundamentali għal dan. Peress li r-rati tat-twelid għadhom baxxi, speċjalment fi gruppi tal-popolazzjoni bi kwalifiki edukattivi medji u ogħla, fil-Ġermanja kienu mbassra problemi soċjali, ekonomiċi u ġeopolitiċi (mill-2012). </p><p>Madwar 72.65 biljun persuna fil-Ġermanja kellhom ċittadinanza Ġermaniża mit-30 ta' Settembru, 2020. Dan jikkorrispondi għal 87.33 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni residenti. Fl-2017, madwar 18.9 miljun ruħ (23 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni totali) kellhom sfond ta' migrazzjoni, fl-2022 kien hemm 23.8 miljun ruħ, 28.7 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni totali, li kellhom sfond ta' migrazzjoni. Minnhom, kważi żewġ terzi kienu immigranti u aktar min-nofs kienu ċittadini Ġermaniżi. </p><p>Fl-2022, 41 fil-mija tal-grupp ta' età taħt il-15-il sena kellhom sfond ta' migrazzjoni, 36 fil-mija tal-grupp ta' età 15-49 kellhom sfond ta' migrazzjoni, u 19 fil-mija tal-grupp ta 'età akbar (50+). </p><p>Fiċ-ċensiment tal-2011, il-barranin kollha u l-Ġermaniżi kollha li emigraw lejn dik li llum hija r-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja wara l-1955 jew li għandhom mill-inqas ġenitur wieħed li immigra wara l-1955 ġew magħduda bħala nies ta' oriġini immigranti. Mill-2009, dawk li jirritornaw lura u dawk li għadhom lura jiffurmaw l-akbar grupp, segwiti minn ċittadini tat-Turkija, stati oħra tal-Unjoni Ewropea, u dik li kienet il-Jugoslavja. Bejn l-1950 u l-2002, totalta' 4.3 miljun ruħ, imwielda fil-pajjiż jew li kienu għexu hemmhekk għal żmien twil, ġew naturalizzati fuq talba tagħhom stess. </p><p>L-Istitut Ekonomiku Ġermaniż (IW) bassar fl-2017 li l-popolazzjoni tal-Ġermanja se tkompli tikber bis-saħħa tal-immigrazzjoni u se tilħaq madwar 83.1 miljun ruħ fl-2035. Fl-2018, il-popolazzjoni Ġermaniża kibret b'227,000, li jfisser li l-Ġermanja qabżet il-marka ta' 83 miljun abitant. . Fl-2019 kiber b'147,000 ruħ (+0.2%) għal 83.2 miljun. Fl-aħħar ta 'Settembru 2020, il-popolazzjoni kienet 83,190,556 Fl-2022, il-popolazzjoni tal-Ġermanja qabżet 84 miljun għall-ewwel darba; Mit-30 ta 'Ġunju 2022, skont l-Uffiċċju Federali tal-Istatistika, kien 84,080,000 abitant. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja kienet pajjiż de facto ta' immigrazzjoni għal għexieren ta' snin, b'interruzzjonijiet qosra mill-1958. Ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja kellha l-ogħla immigrazzjoni netta fl-istorja tagħha fl-2022, meta daħlu kważi 1.5 miljun ruħ aktar milli telqu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Żvilupp_demografiku"><span id=".C5.BBvilupp_demografiku"></span>Żvilupp demografiku</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Żvilupp demografiku" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Żvilupp demografiku"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1950: 69.346.000</li> <li>1955: 71.350.000</li> <li>1960: 73.147.000</li> <li>1965: 76.336.000</li> <li>1970: 78.069.000</li> <li>1975: 78.465.000</li> <li>1980: 78.397.000</li> <li>1985: 77.661.000</li> <li>1990: 79.753.000</li> <li>1995: 81.817.000</li> <li>2000: 82.260.000</li> <li>2005: 82.438.000</li> <li>2010: 81.752.000</li> <li>2015: 82.176.000</li> <li>2020: 83.191.000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Popolazzjoni_barranija_(2022)"><span id="Popolazzjoni_barranija_.282022.29"></span>Popolazzjoni barranija (2022)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Popolazzjoni barranija (2022)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Popolazzjoni barranija (2022)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Torok: 1,487,110 (11.1% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Ukraini: 1,164,200 (8.7% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Sirjani: 923,805 (6.9% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Rumeni: 883,670 (6.6% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Pollakki: 880,780 (6.6% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Italjani: 644,970 (4.8% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Kroati: 436,325 (3.3% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Bulgari: 429,665 (3.2% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Afgani: (2.8% popolazzjoni barranija)</li> <li>Griegi: 361,270 (2.7% popolazzjoni barranija)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingwi">Lingwi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Lingwi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Lingwi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_(2010).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/220px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/330px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/440px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Għarfien tal-lingwa Ġermaniża fil-pajjiżi tal-Unjoni Ewropea fl-2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Oskar-von-Miller-Ring_18_9632.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oskar-von-Miller-Ring_18_9632.jpg/220px-Oskar-von-Miller-Ring_18_9632.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oskar-von-Miller-Ring_18_9632.jpg/330px-Oskar-von-Miller-Ring_18_9632.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oskar-von-Miller-Ring_18_9632.jpg/440px-Oskar-von-Miller-Ring_18_9632.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5056" data-file-height="3317" /></a><figcaption>Il-Goethe-Institut għandu fergħat mad-dinja kollha għat-tagħlim tal-lingwa Ġermaniża (immaġni: kwartieri ġenerali fi Munich).</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-lingwa Ġermaniża (Ġermaniż Għoli) hija mitkellma prinċipalment fil-Ġermanja. Jintuża bħala lingwa standard fil-midja nazzjonali u bħala lingwa miktuba; Bħala lingwa ta' kuljum, il-Ġermaniż huwa mitkellem kważi esklussivament f'ħafna reġjuni (spiss b'kulur reġjonali żgħir). It-tranżizzjoni għad-djaletti Ġermaniżi hija bla xkiel. Fost il-lingwi uffiċjali fil-Ġermanja, il-Ġermaniż huwa l-aktar lingwa amministrattiva importanti. Fil-prinċipju, ir-responsabbiltà hija tas-sovranità kulturali tal-stati; l-istat kollu kemm hu jiddetermina biss dawn il-lingwi biex iwettaq il-kompiti tiegħu stess. Jekk tapplika l-liġi Ewropea, applikazzjonijiet u dokumenti jistgħu jiġu sottomessi lill-qrati fi kwalunkwe lingwa uffiċjali jew ġudizzjarja ta' kwalunkwe stat membru tal-Unjoni Ewropea. Minoranzi nazzjonali antenati jinkludu Daniżi, Friżjani, Sorbiani, Sinti u Roma. Xi lingwi reġjonali u minoritarji jistgħu jintużaw bħala lingwi uffiċjali, legali jew ġudizzjarji. Il-bażi hija l-Karta Ewropea għal-Lingwi Reġjonali jew Minoritarji, li skontha l-Ġermanja tirrikonoxxi l-Ġermaniż Baxx bħala lingwa reġjonali u l-lingwi minoritarji li ġejjin: Daniż (madwar 50,000 kelliem, it-tnejn Imperiali Daniż, prinċipalment fil-varjant Sydslesvigdansk, u Sønderjysk), Friżjan. (madwar 10,000, Friżjani tat-Tramuntana fi Schleswig-Holstein, Friżjani Saterjani fis-Sassonja t'Isfel), Sorbi (madwar 30,000, Sorbi ta' Fuq fis-Sassonja, Sorbi Baxx fi Brandenburg) u Roma (madwar 200,000 madwar il-Ġermanja). Lingwi oħra ġodda jew minoritarji li ma tantx huma mitkellma fil-Ġermanja, bħall-Yiddish jew Yenish, ma kinux inklużi fil-karta. Il-lingwi tal-immigranti mhumiex espressament koperti mill-Karta. Il-Lingwa tas-Sinjali Ġermaniża (DGS), użata minn persuni neqsin mis-smigħ, ġiet rikonoxxuta bħala lingwa indipendenti fil-Ġermanja bl-introduzzjoni tal-Att dwar l-Ugwaljanza għal Persuni b'Diżabilità (BGG) fl-2002. seklu 11) u Polabian (estinn fis-seklu 18), m'għadhomx mitkellma llum. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Lutherbibel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lutherbibel.jpg/220px-Lutherbibel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lutherbibel.jpg/330px-Lutherbibel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Lutherbibel.jpg/440px-Lutherbibel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>L-ewwel traduzzjoni sħiħa tal-Bibbja għall-Ġermaniż, 1534.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermaniż baxx ġieli jitqies bħala lingwa indipendenti, kemm lingwistikament (f'termini tas-sustanza grammatikali u lessikali tiegħu) kif ukoll politikament; Madankollu, soċjolingwistikament iġib ruħu bħal djalett u għalhekk ġie msejjaħ “psewdodjalett” tal-Ġermaniż u, f'dan is-sens, varjetà reġjonali (ara Lingwa Ġermaniża Baxxa: Il-pożizzjoni tal-Ġermaniż Baxx). Fl-2007, il-Ġermaniż baxx kellu madwar 2.6 miljun kelliem attiv u madwar tliet kwarti tal-popolazzjoni taż-żona tal-lingwa kellha għarfien passiv. Fl-2016, il-komprensjoni passiva kienet tajba għal tajba ħafna għal kważi nofs l-abitanti taż-żona tal-lingwa: 70 fil-mija f'Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, kważi 60 fil-mija fi Schleswig-Holstein u kważi 50 fil-mija fis-Sassonja t'Isfel. Kważi 21 fil-mija f'Mecklenburg-Vorpommern tkellmu b’mod attiv il-Ġermaniż baxx, kważi 25 fil-mija fi Schleswig-Holstein, kważi 12 fil-mija f’North Rhine-Westphalia u Saxony-Anhalt u kważi 3 fil-mija fi Brandenburg. </p><p>Il-Ġermaniżi tat-Tramuntana għandhom it-tendenza li jużaw Ġermaniż baxx jew djaletti reġjonali b'mod inqas estensiv, filwaqt li fil-Ġermanja Ċentrali u ta' Fuq l-użu tad-djaletti tal-Frankonjan, tal-Bavarja u tal-Ġermaniż huwa aktar mifrux, anke f'ambjenti akkademiċi. </p><p>L-immigranti ġabu l-lingwi tagħhom magħhom ripetutament, pereżempju, il-Pollakki tar-Ruhr fis-seklu 19. Filwaqt li dixxendenti ta' mewġiet anzjani ta' immigrazzjoni issa adattaw fil-biċċa l-kbira l-lingwa tagħhom, l-immigranti ta' deċennji riċenti (bħal ħaddiema mistiedna) ħafna drabi għadhom jużaw il-lingwa nattiva tagħhom, speċjalment it-Tork (madwar żewġ miljun), minbarra l-Ġermaniż. Barra minn hekk, il-lingwa Russa hija mifruxa wkoll, fost ir-refuġjati tal-kwota u fost il-Ġermaniżi Russi, li jinkludu mhux biss kelliema Ġermaniżi jew Plautdietsche, iżda wkoll kelliema nattivi Russu (tlieta sa erba' miljuni). Porzjon mill-popolazzjoni Lhudija anzjana li emigrat mill-ex Unjoni Sovjetika titkellem ukoll bil-Jiddish; Madankollu, din il-lingwa ma baqgħetx trażmessa lill-ġenerazzjonijiet sussegwenti qabel l-emigrazzjoni, għalhekk ġiet sostitwita bir-Russu jew il-Ġermaniż. Haredim, il-kelliema ewlenin attwali tal-lingwa Yiddish fl-Iżrael u l-Istati Uniti, jikkostitwixxu biss minoranza żgħira ta' komunitajiet Lhud fil-Ġermanja. Huwa preżunt li n-numru ta 'nies li jużaw il-Pollakk bħala lingwa ta' kuljum huwa relattivament għoli. Madankollu, minħabba l-assimilazzjoni qawwija tal-popolazzjoni Pollakka u mwielda Pollakka, l-użu tal-Pollakk barra mid-dar huwa relattivament rari. </p><p>Il-lingwa barranija mgħallma primarjament fl-iskejjel pubbliċi hija l-Ingliż. It-tieni lingwa barranija hija ġeneralment il-Franċiż, il-Latin jew l-Ispanjol, aktar rari l-Ukraina, ir-Russu jew it-Taljan (sovranità tat-teħid tad-deċiżjonijiet tal-pajjiżi). Fil-GDR, ir-Russu kien mgħallem prinċipalment bħala lingwa barranija, iżda l-klassijiet tal-Ingliż kienu wkoll mgħallma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reliġjon"><span id="Reli.C4.A1jon"></span>Reliġjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Reliġjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Reliġjon"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Trier_basilica_DSC02373.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Trier_basilica_DSC02373.jpg/220px-Trier_basilica_DSC02373.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Trier_basilica_DSC02373.jpg/330px-Trier_basilica_DSC02373.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Trier_basilica_DSC02373.jpg/440px-Trier_basilica_DSC02373.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>Il-Bażilika ta' Constantine fi Trier (Aula Palatina)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Martin_Luther,_1529.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/220px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/330px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/440px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Martin Luther (1483-1546), pittura ta' Lucas Cranach il-Anzjan, 1528</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Trier_-_Aula_Palatina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Trier_-_Aula_Palatina.JPG/220px-Trier_-_Aula_Palatina.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Trier_-_Aula_Palatina.JPG/330px-Trier_-_Aula_Palatina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Trier_-_Aula_Palatina.JPG/440px-Trier_-_Aula_Palatina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="1911" /></a><figcaption>Il-Bażilika ta' Constantine fi Trier (Aula Palatina)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tradizzjonijiet">Tradizzjonijiet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Tradizzjonijiet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Tradizzjonijiet"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bħal ħafna mill-Ewropa tal-Punent u Ċentrali, il-Ġermanja ta' żmienna kellha influwenza tal-Punent-Kristjana li tmur lura għall-antikità tard u kienet influwenzata mix-xjenza tal-Illuminiżmu sa mis-seklu 18. Dan huwa bbażat fuq influwenzi mill-kultura antika Griega u Rumana, kif ukoll tradizzjonijiet Lhudija u Kristjani, li kienu mħallta mat-tradizzjonijiet Ġermaniċi mill-bidu tal-Kristjanizzazzjoni tal-majjistral tal-Ewropa, madwar is-seklu 4. Il-Ġudaiżmu jmur lura għal żmien ir-Rumani fil-Ġermanja, iżda kemm-il darba spiċċa vittma ta' pogroms u konverżjonijiet sfurzati, fl-agħar forma tagħha, ix-Shoah ta' żmien Nazisti. Iż-żona tal-Ġermanja ġiet Kristjanizzata mill-bidu tal-Medju Evu. Matul il-perjodu Franki, ix-xogħol missjunarju tlesta fl-imperu ta' Karlu Manju, parzjalment permezz tal-koerċizzjoni. Ir-Riforma Nisranija bdiet bil-pubblikazzjoni ta' Martin Luther tat-teżijiet tiegħu fl-1517 u, bħala riżultat, il-formazzjoni ta' denominazzjonijiet Protestanti li, flimkien mad-denominazzjoni Kattolika, isawru l-pajsaġġ reliġjuż fil-Ġermanja. Minħabba r-regola cuius regio, eius religio (jiġifieri, is-sovran jiddetermina għal liema reliġjon għandhom jappartjenu s-suġġetti), il-pajsaġġ konfessjonali kien għal sekli sħaħ frammentat ħafna, b'reġjuni kważi purament Kattoliċi u Protestanti qrib ħafna ta' xulxin. Madankollu, l-influss ta' nies spostati wara t-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija, iż-żieda fil-mobilità tal-popolazzjoni, u s-suburbanizzazzjoni u s-sekularizzazzjoni kontinwi ċajpru dawn il-kuntrasti fis-sekli 20 u 21. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relazzjoni_bejn_l-istat_u_r-reliġjon"><span id="Relazzjoni_bejn_l-istat_u_r-reli.C4.A1jon"></span>Relazzjoni bejn l-istat u r-reliġjon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Relazzjoni bejn l-istat u r-reliġjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Relazzjoni bejn l-istat u r-reliġjon"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-libertà tar-reliġjon fil-Ġermanja hija garantita mill-Artikolu 4 tal-Liġi Bażika, individwalment bħala dritt fundamentali u istituzzjonaliment fir-relazzjoni bejn ir-reliġjon u l-Istat. Dan iħaddan in-newtralità ideoloġika tal-Stat u d-dritt tal-awtodeterminazzjoni tal-komunitajiet reliġjużi. Fuq din il-bażi, ir-relazzjoni bejn il-komunitajiet reliġjużi u l-Istat hija waħda ta' assoċjazzjoni; Għalhekk m'hemmx separazzjoni stretta bejn il-Knisja u l-Stat, iżda hemm interkonnessjonijiet f'ħafna sferi soċjali u edukattivi u kulturali, pereżempju permezz tal-isponsorizzazzjoni ġestita mill-Knisja, iżda kofinanzjata mill-Istat, ta' nurseries, skejjel, sptarijiet jew infermiera. djar. Xi partiti Ġermaniżi jsegwu wkoll it-tradizzjoni Nisranija tal-pajjiż. Il-knejjes Insara għandhom status ta' knejjes uffiċjali u huma korporazzjonijiet tal-liġi pubblika, iżda sui generis minħabba l-liġi ekkleżjastika tal-istat applikabbli. Bħala soċjetajiet reliġjużi tal-liġi pubblika, il-knejjes għandhom jingħataw ċerti għażliet ta' disinn mingħajr ma jkunu suġġetti għal sorveljanza mill-stat; Minflok, il-mandat tar-relazzjonijiet pubbliċi tal-knisja huwa parzjalment rikonoxxut fil-kuntratti tal-knisja mal-istati jew f'regolamenti korrispondenti fil-kostituzzjonijiet tal-stat, u s-setgħa oriġinali u speċjali tal-knisja hija legalment konfermata. Xi knejjes Insara u komunitajiet Lhud jitolbu taxxa tal-knisja, li l-istat jiġbor bi skambju għal sussidju għall-ispejjeż u jittrasferiha lill-knejjes rispettivi jew lill-Kunsill Ċentrali tal-Lhud fil-Ġermanja. Barra minn hekk, skont il-Liġi Bażika, l-edukazzjoni reliġjuża hija suġġett fakultattiv, għalkemm regolari, fl-iskejjel pubbliċi (bl-eċċezzjoni ta' Bremen, Berlin u Brandenburg). Dan is-suġġett normalment jiġi mgħallem minn rappreżentant ta' waħda miż-żewġ knejjes ewlenin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proporzjonijiet_tal-popolazzjoni">Proporzjonijiet tal-popolazzjoni</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Proporzjonijiet tal-popolazzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Proporzjonijiet tal-popolazzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2022.png/220px-Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2022.png/330px-Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2022.png/440px-Konfessionen_Deutschland_Zensus_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Affiljazzjoni denominazzjonali skont iċ-ċensiment tal-2022: isfar: Kattoliku Ruman, vjola: Protestanti, aħdar: mhux affiljat ma' ebda komunità reliġjuża pubblika; skur: maġġoranza assoluta, dawl: maġġoranza relattiva</figcaption></figure> <p>Fl-2021, madwar 53 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni kienu jappartjenu għal denominazzjoni Kristjana: il-Knisja Kattolika Rumana 26 fil-mija (l-aktar fil-Punent u fin-nofsinhar tal-Ġermanja), il-Knisja Protestant (Luterana, Riformata u Magħquda) 24 fil-mija; Knejjes Kristjani oħra bħall- Knejjes Ortodossa u tal- Lvant Qadim, ix- Xhieda ta' Jehovah, il- Knisja Appostolika Ġdida u l- Knejjes Ħieles jammontaw għal madwar 3 fil- mija. In-numru ta' nies li jattendu servizzi reliġjużi huwa ferm inqas min-numru ta' membri tal-knisja. Fl-hekk imsejħa Ħdud tal-għadd (it-tieni Ħadd tar-Randan u t-tieni Ħadd ta' Novembru) fl-2016, 2.4 miljun ruħ (2.9% tal-popolazzjoni totali) attendew is-servizzi Kattoliċi u 0.8 miljun (1%) għal dawk tal-Knisja Protestanti. . Fil-festi ewlenin, speċjalment Lejlet il-Milied, ħafna aktar nies jattendu servizzi reliġjużi. Il-Kristjaneżmu Sirjan huwa denominazzjoni Kristjana li qed tikber fil-Ġermanja minħabba l-influss kontinwu ta' Assirjani mill-Mesopotamia b'madwar 130,000 membru. Minnhom, madwar 100,000 Assirjan jappartjenu għall-Knisja Ortodossa Sirjana ta' Antijokja. </p><p>Madwar 42 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni m'għandha l-ebda reliġjon. Fl-istati federali l-ġodda, kif ukoll f'Berlin u Hamburg, il-proporzjon ta' nies li ma jappartjenu għall-ebda waħda miż-żewġ knejjes ewlenin u li huma l-aktar mhux denominazzjonali jaqbeż is-70 fil-mija. Il-GDR ippropagat u trażmettiet ħarsa tad-dinja atea (ara Jugendweihe) u ħeġġet lin-nies biex iħallu l-knisja. Minħabba l-proċessi twal ta 'sekularizzazzjoni u valuri li jinbidlu, il-proporzjon ta' nies mhux reliġjużi fil-popolazzjoni totali żdied ukoll f'dik li qabel kienet ir-Repubblika Federali (1970: 3.9%; 1987: 11.4%). Dan l-iżvilupp kompla fil-Ġermanja unifikata. </p><p>Fl-aħħar tal-2022, madwar 5.5 miljun Musulmani kienu jgħixu fil-Ġermanja. Is-sehem tiegħu mill-popolazzjoni totali kien ta' madwar 6.6 fil-mija. Madwar nofshom għandhom sfond ta' immigrazzjoni Torka. Il-Kunsill ta' Koordinazzjoni tal-Musulmani fil-Ġermanja twaqqaf bħala organizzazzjoni umbrella għall-bosta organizzazzjonijiet Iżlamiċi u punt ta' kuntatt għall-barranin. </p><p>L-Unjoni Buddista Ġermaniża tistma li hemm madwar 270,000 Buddist fil-Ġermanja. Nofshom huma immigranti Asjatiċi. Dan jikkorrispondi għal 0.3 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni. </p><p>Madwar 200,000 Lhudi jgħixu fil-Ġermanja, li jikkorrispondi għal 0.25 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni (mill-2022). Madwar nofshom huma organizzati f'komunitajiet Lhud. Mis-snin disgħin, kien hemm żieda qawwija fl-immigranti minn pajjiżi li qabel kienu Blokk tal-Lvant, speċjalment l-Ukrajna u r-Russja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ir-reliġjon_fil-Ġermanja_(stima_għall-2022)"><span id="Ir-reli.C4.A1jon_fil-.C4.A0ermanja_.28stima_g.C4.A7all-2022.29"></span>Ir-reliġjon fil-Ġermanja (stima għall-2022)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ir-reliġjon fil-Ġermanja (stima għall-2022)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Ir-reliġjon fil-Ġermanja (stima għall-2022)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knisja Kattolika (24.8%)</li> <li>Knisja Protestanti (22.6%)</li> <li>Ortodossija tal-Lvant (2.2%)</li> <li>Insara oħra (1.1%)</li> <li>L-ebda reliġjon (43.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C5%BClam" title="Iżlam">Iżlam</a> (3.7%)</li> <li>Reliġjonijiet oħra (1.7%)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Religious_denominations_in_Germany,_2011_Census,_self-identification_of_the_population.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Denominazzjonijiet predominanti fil-Ġermanja kif żvelat miċ-ċensiment tal-2011 bl-użu tal-mistoqsija tal-awto-identifikazzjoni., Blu: Pluralità protestanti, Aħdar: pluralità Kattolika, Aħmar: pluralità mhux reliġjuża/mhux affiljata, Sfumaturi aktar skuri jindikaw maġġoranza bejn 50 u 75%, filwaqt li sfumaturi aktar skuri jindikaw maġġoranza super ta 'aktar minn 75%."><img alt="Denominazzjonijiet predominanti fil-Ġermanja kif żvelat miċ-ċensiment tal-2011 bl-użu tal-mistoqsija tal-awto-identifikazzjoni., Blu: Pluralità protestanti, Aħdar: pluralità Kattolika, Aħmar: pluralità mhux reliġjuża/mhux affiljata, Sfumaturi aktar skuri jindikaw maġġoranza bejn 50 u 75%, filwaqt li sfumaturi aktar skuri jindikaw maġġoranza super ta 'aktar minn 75%." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Religious_denominations_in_Germany%2C_2011_Census%2C_self-identification_of_the_population.svg/85px-Religious_denominations_in_Germany%2C_2011_Census%2C_self-identification_of_the_population.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Religious_denominations_in_Germany%2C_2011_Census%2C_self-identification_of_the_population.svg/127px-Religious_denominations_in_Germany%2C_2011_Census%2C_self-identification_of_the_population.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Religious_denominations_in_Germany%2C_2011_Census%2C_self-identification_of_the_population.svg/170px-Religious_denominations_in_Germany%2C_2011_Census%2C_self-identification_of_the_population.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Denominazzjonijiet predominanti fil-Ġermanja kif żvelat miċ-ċensiment tal-2011 bl-użu tal-mistoqsija tal-awto-identifikazzjoni., Blu: Pluralità protestanti, Aħdar: pluralità Kattolika, Aħmar: pluralità mhux reliġjuża/mhux affiljata, Sfumaturi aktar skuri jindikaw maġġoranza bejn 50 u 75%, filwaqt li sfumaturi aktar skuri jindikaw maġġoranza super ta 'aktar minn 75%.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Protestanti"><img alt="Protestanti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png/90px-Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png/135px-Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png/181px-Evangelisch_Zensus_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Protestanti</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kattoliċi"><img alt="Kattoliċi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png/90px-Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png/135px-Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png/181px-Katholisch_Zensus_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kattoliċi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mhux reliġjużi u mhux affiljati"><img alt="Mhux reliġjużi u mhux affiljati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png/90px-Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png/135px-Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png/181px-Konfessionslos_Zensus_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mhux reliġjużi u mhux affiljati</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storja">Storja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Storja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Storja"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preistorja,_Ċelti,_popli_Ġermaniċi_u_Rumani"><span id="Preistorja.2C_.C4.8Aelti.2C_popli_.C4.A0ermani.C4.8Bi_u_Rumani"></span>Preistorja, Ċelti, popli Ġermaniċi u Rumani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Preistorja, Ċelti, popli Ġermaniċi u Rumani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Preistorja, Ċelti, popli Ġermaniċi u Rumani"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Loewenmensch1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Loewenmensch1.jpg/220px-Loewenmensch1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Loewenmensch1.jpg/330px-Loewenmensch1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Loewenmensch1.jpg/440px-Loewenmensch1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2218" data-file-height="3944" /></a><figcaption>Il-Lion Man mill-Għar Stadel f’Hohlenstein, Wied Solitarju, inħoloq bejn 39,000 u 33,000 QK</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:GermansAD50.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/GermansAD50.svg/220px-GermansAD50.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/GermansAD50.svg/330px-GermansAD50.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/GermansAD50.svg/440px-GermansAD50.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tat-tribujiet Ġermaniċi tal-Ewropa Ċentrali mal-Limes Rumani u l-kampijiet leġjunarji madwar is-sena 50 AD</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mt&wpDestFile=Nebra_Disk.jpg" class="new" title="Stampa:Nebra Disk.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">Stampa:Nebra Disk.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Id-diska ċelesti Nebra mill-Età tal-Bronż bikrija</figcaption></figure> <p>Is-sejbiet tal-ispeċi tal-primati Danuvius fil-Ġermanja tal-lum għandhom aktar minn 11-il miljun sena u probabbilment jirrappreżentaw wieħed mill-ewwel antenati umani li mexa wieqfa. L-eqdem evidenza fossili tal-preżenza tal-ġeneru Homo fit-territorju Ġermaniż: ix-xedaq t'isfel ta' Mauer. - għandu madwar 600,000 sena u kien imsemmi għal Heidelberg minn Homo heidelbergensis. Il-lanez ta' Schöningen, li għandhom mill-inqas 300,000 sena, huma l-eqdem armi tal-kaċċa preservati bis-sħiħ tal-umanità u rrivoluzzjonaw l-istampa tal-iżvilupp kulturali u soċjali tal-bnedmin tal-bidu, kif għamel is-sit ta' Bilzingsleben b’wieħed mill-eqdem bini u forsi l-eqdem xogħol. tal-arti fid-dinja. </p><p>In-Neanderthal, imsemmija għal sit Neanderthal fil-lvant ta' Düsseldorf, ingħaqdu mill-inqas 47,500 sena ilu minn Homo sapiens, il-bniedem anatomikament modern li emigra mill-Afrika, iddokumentat għall-ewwel darba fit-Turingja. Għalkemm in-Neanderthal sparixxew, intwera li t-tnejn kellhom mill-inqas xi dixxendenti komuni. Il-kabaret tal-Paleolitiku ta’ Fuq fil-Ġura tas-Swab huwa l-eqdem arti magħrufa mill-umanità. </p><p>Bdiewa Neolitiċi mil-Lvant Nofsani li emigraw bil-bhejjem u l-uċuħ tar-raba tagħhom permezz tal-Anatolja u l-Balkani (Fuħħar Lineari) spostaw il-popolazzjoni madwar 5700/5600 QK. Il-kaċċaturi tal-Età tal-Ġebla Nofsani u l-ġabra tan-nofs tan-Nofsinhar tal-Ġermanja. Biss madwar 4000 QK. Fir-4 seklu QK, il-kulturi li japproprjaw il-kaċċaturi, il-ġabra u s-sajjieda ġew sostitwiti wkoll fit-Tramuntana tal-Ġermanja minn kulturi agrikoli, issa kompletament sedentarji; Il-kultura Ertebølle hija meqjusa bħala l-aħħar kultura tal-kaċċa fit-Tramuntana tal-Ġermanja. </p><p>Wara dewmien ta' aktar minn 1000 sena, il-Bronż Età bdiet fit-territorju Ġermaniż madwar 2200 QK. Waħda mis-sejbiet l-aktar importanti tagħhom hija n-Nebra Sky Disk. Fil-bidu tal-perjodu Hallstatt (1200-1000 QK), in-Nofsinhar u ċ-ċentru tal-Ġermanja kienu popolati minn Ċelti, u l-ħadid beda jistabbilixxi lilu nnifsu bħala l-aktar metall importanti. Madwar 600 Q.K. Il-kultura Jastorf, meqjusa bħala kultura Ġermanika, ħarġet fit-Tramuntana tal-Ġermanja fir-4 seklu QK. It-terminu "poplu Ġermaniku" (mil-Latin Germani) ġie maħluq fl-1 seklu QK. Issemma l-ewwel minn awturi antiki fi QK. Dan huwa terminu kollettiv etnografiku inqas preċiż, li, għal raġunijiet metodoloġiċi, m'għandux jiġi interpretat ħażin bħala isem ta' poplu magħqud. </p><p>Minn 58 QK Minn madwar 80 sa madwar 455 E.K., iż-żoni fuq ix-xellug tar-Rhine u fin-nofsinhar tad-Danubju kienu jappartjenu lill-Imperu Ruman, u minn madwar 80 sa madwar 260 EK. kienu jappartjenu lill-Imperu Ruman. parti wkoll minn Hesse u l-biċċa l-kbira tal-Baden-Württemberg tal-lum fin-Nofsinhar tal-Limes. Dawn it-territorji Rumani tqassmu fost il-provinċji ta' Gallia Belgica, Germania superjuri, Germania inferjuri, Raetia u Noricum. Ir-Rumani waqqfu kampijiet leġjunarji hemmhekk u diversi bliet bħal Trier, Cologne, Augsburg u Mainz, l-eqdem bliet fil-Ġermanja. Tribijiet Ġermaniċi Alleati żguraw dawn il-provinċji u settlers minn partijiet oħra tal-imperu stabbilixxew ukoll hawn. </p><p>Il-parti taż-żona tas-settlement Ġermaniċi li tinsab barra l-provinċji Rumani ta 'Germania Inferior u Germania Superior kienet imsejħa Germania magna mir-Rumani fil-perijodi imperjali bikrija u għolja u fl-antikità tard. </p><p>Tentattivi biex tespandi l-isfera ta' influwenza f'din iż-żona Ġermanika fallew bil-Battalja ta' Varus fid-9 AD. L-isforzi Rumani biex jistabbilixxu provinċji sal-Elba fl-aħħar spiċċaw. Il-Germanja ta' Taċitu, miktuba mill-inqas fis-sena 98, hija l-eqdem deskrizzjoni tat-tribujiet Ġermaniċi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il-Migrazzjoni_u_l-Medju_Evu_Bikri_(375–962)"><span id="Il-Migrazzjoni_u_l-Medju_Evu_Bikri_.28375.E2.80.93962.29"></span>Il-Migrazzjoni u l-Medju Evu Bikri (375–962)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Il-Migrazzjoni u l-Medju Evu Bikri (375–962)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Il-Migrazzjoni u l-Medju Evu Bikri (375–962)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wara l-invażjoni tal-Huni madwar is-sena 375, bdiet il-migrazzjoni tal-popli u fl-istess ħin ħarġu diversi tribujiet kbar fit-tranżizzjoni mill-Antikità Tard għall-Medju Evu Bikri, jiġifieri l-Franki, l-Alemanni, is-Sassoni, il-Bavarja u it-Turingjani. Dak li huwa importanti fir-riċerka riċenti f'dan il-kuntest huwa l-proċess kumpless ta 'etnoġenesi ta' nies (tribujiet) differenti. It-tfaċċar tal-identitajiet etniċi (etniċità) fl-Antikità tard u fil-bidu tal-Medju Evu fir-rigward tal-hekk imsejħa migrazzjoni tal-popli m'għadhiex mifhuma llum bħala kategorija bijoloġika. Anzi, l-identitajiet joħorġu fi proċess soċjali li jinbidel li fih jintervjenu diversi fatturi. </p><p>L-għan tal-gruppi li invadew l-imperu kien, fuq kollox, li jipparteċipaw fil-prosperità tal-imperu, li l-istrutturi u l-kultura tiegħu ma ridux jeqirdu. Iżda l-kunflitti militari sussegwenti u l-ġlidiet interni għall-poter Ruman wasslu għal erożjoni politika tal-Imperu tal-Punent. Wara l-waqgħa ta' Ruma tal-Punent (l-aħħar imperatur ta' l-Italja ġie depożitat fl-476), l-imperi Ġermaniċi-Rumani suċċessuri ġew iffurmati fit-territorju ta' l-Imperu tal-Punent. Madankollu, l-Imperu Ruman tal-Lvant (“Biżanzju”) kien jeżisti sal-1453 u baqa' jżomm kuntatti mal-Punent. </p><p>Tribijiet Slavi emigraw lejn iż-żoni fil-biċċa l-kbira mhux popolati ta' dik li llum hija l-Ġermanja tal-Lvant fis-seklu 7. Kienu assimilati biss matul l-insedjament tal-Lvant medjevali bikri. L-Ewropa tal-Punent u ċ-ċentru kienet iddominata mill-Imperu Franki, li tfaċċa fl-aħħar tas-seklu 5, u t-Tramuntana tal-Ġermanja tal-lum mis-Sassoni u s-Slavi. Iż-żoni kollha tal-Imperu Franki li llum jappartjenu lill-Ġermanja kienu fil-parti tal-Lvant tal-Awstrasja. Madankollu, kien hemm kunflitti dinastiċi ripetuti taħt il-Merovingi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vertrag_von_Verdun.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vertrag_von_Verdun.svg/220px-Vertrag_von_Verdun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vertrag_von_Verdun.svg/330px-Vertrag_von_Verdun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vertrag_von_Verdun.svg/440px-Vertrag_von_Verdun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>It-tqassim tat-territorju fit-Trattat ta' Verdun, 843</figcaption></figure> <p>F'nofs is-seklu 8, Pipinu ż-Żgħir, tad-dinastija Karolingja, ħa f'idejh bħala suċċessur rjali tal-Merovingi li qabel kienu jmexxu l-Imperu Franki. Wara s-sottomissjoni u l-missjonijiet missjunarji sfurzati tas-Sassoni u l-konkwisti fl-Italja, fit-Tramuntana ta' Spanja u fiż-żona tal-fruntiera tal-Lvant taħt Karlu Manju, l-imperu multi-etniku ġie riorganizzat. L-organizzazzjoni tal-Knisja u l-promozzjoni kulturali kienu parzjalment ibbażati fuq tradizzjonijiet Rumani (Rinaxximent Karolinju). Fil-Milied tas-sena 800, Karlu kien inkurunat lilu nnifsu imperatur mill-Papa f'Ruma u b'hekk talab is-suċċessjoni tal-Imperu Ruman (Translatio imperii), li wasslet għal kompetizzjoni mal-imperaturi Biżantini (problema ta' żewġ imperaturi). Wara l-mewt ta' Karlu fl-814, kien hemm ġlied fost id-dixxendenti tiegħu, li fl-843 wassal għat-Trattat ta' Verdun li qasam l-imperu fi tliet partijiet: l-Imperu Franki tal-Lvant taħt “Lwiġi l-Ġermaniż”, l-Imperu Franki tal-Punent u Lotharingia. </p><p>Madwar is-sena 900, fl-Imperu Franki tal-Lvant ħarġu ħames dukjati kbar: id-dukjati tribali ta' Sassonja, Bavarja, Swabia, Franconia, u Lorraine. Fis-seklu 10, id-dinastija Karolingja spiċċat kemm fil-Punent kif ukoll fil-Lvant tal-Frankonja, u ż-żewġ partijiet tal-imperu baqgħu politikament separati minn hemm 'il quddiem. Il-Battalja ta' Lechfeld fl-955 temmet għexieren ta' snin ta' invażjonijiet Ungeriżi, ġabet żieda fil-prestiġju għar-Re Otto, li kien inkurunat imperatur f'Ruma fl-962, u n-nomina tal-Arkanġlu Mikiel bħala patrun tal-Ġermaniżi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minn_Franza_tal-Lvant_sal-Imperu_Ruman_Qaddis_(962-1806)"><span id="Minn_Franza_tal-Lvant_sal-Imperu_Ruman_Qaddis_.28962-1806.29"></span>Minn Franza tal-Lvant sal-Imperu Ruman Qaddis (962-1806)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Minn Franza tal-Lvant sal-Imperu Ruman Qaddis (962-1806)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Minn Franza tal-Lvant sal-Imperu Ruman Qaddis (962-1806)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:HRR_10Jh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/220px-HRR_10Jh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/330px-HRR_10Jh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/HRR_10Jh.jpg/440px-HRR_10Jh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>It-territorju imperjali fis-seklu 10 (deskritt bl-aħmar)</figcaption></figure> <p>Id-dinastija Ottonjana kienet essenzjali għall-formazzjoni tal-Imperu Franki tal-Lvant, iżda m'għadhiex meqjusa bħala l-bidu tal-istorja imperjali vera "Ġermaniża". Pjuttost, il-proċess assoċjat kompla mill-inqas sas-seklu 11. It-terminu regnum Teutonicorum ("Renju tal-Ġermaniżi") instab għall-ewwel darba fis-sorsi fil-bidu tas-seklu 11, iżda qatt ma kien it-titlu tal-imperu, anzi kien użat mill-papiet biex jirrelatizza l-Imperu Ruman. Talba tal-Ġermaniżi għall-Poter. </p><p>Fl-951, Otto I aċċetta t-titlu rjali Lombard. Dan għaqqad lil Regnum Teutonicum mal-Italja imperjali. Fl-962, Otto kien inkurunat imperatur, u b'hekk għaqqad id-dinjità rjali Rumana-Ġermaniża mad-dritt għall-imperu "Ruman" tal-punent (Reichidee). Dan l-Imperu Ruman-Ġermaniż kellu pożizzjoni eġemonika fl-Ewropa tal-Punent taħt l-Ottonjani. Fl-1024, is-Saljani ħadu f’idejhom is-suċċessjoni rjali, li sal-aħħar tal-Medju Evu kienet dejjem marbuta ma’ elezzjoni ta' diversi grandees tal-imperu. </p><p>Il- mod kif il- qawwa sekulari u spiritwali kienu interkonnessi issa ġieli jissejjaħ is- “sistema tal- knisja imperjali.” Il-kwistjoni ta' min tħalla jaħtar isqfijiet wasslet għat-tilwima dwar l-investitura mal-papat riformat, il-vjaġġ lejn Canossa fl-1077, u s-soluzzjoni provviżorja tal-Konkordat ta' Worms fl-1122. Il-kunflitt bejn l-imperatur u l-papa laħaq il-qofol tiegħu fil- Matul il-perjodu Hohenstaufen, speċjalment taħt Frederick II, insinji. Bil-mewt tiegħu fl-1250, il-gvern irjali Hohenstaufen waqa’; L-interregnu li ġej żied il-qawwa tal-prinċpijiet. L-imperu baqa' jeżisti bħala fattur ta' ordni politiku, iżda dejjem tilef l-influwenza tiegħu fil-livell Ewropew. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/220px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/330px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/440px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4690" data-file-height="3350" /></a><figcaption>Il-Katidral ta' Aachen serva bħala s-sit tal-inkurunazzjoni għal 31 ħakkiem Ġermaniż sal-1531.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Karlsthron_im_Aachener_Dom_(5684752639).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Karlsthron_im_Aachener_Dom_%285684752639%29.jpg/220px-Karlsthron_im_Aachener_Dom_%285684752639%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Karlsthron_im_Aachener_Dom_%285684752639%29.jpg/330px-Karlsthron_im_Aachener_Dom_%285684752639%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Karlsthron_im_Aachener_Dom_%285684752639%29.jpg/440px-Karlsthron_im_Aachener_Dom_%285684752639%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>It-tron irjali hemmhekk (lemin) inbena għal Karlu Manju fis-sena 790.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fil-forma ta 'stati territorjali, bosta Lordships feudali saru indipendenti għad-detriment tal-qawwa rjali-imperjali, li, madankollu, qatt ma kienet b'saħħitha u għalhekk tiddependi fuq gvern kunsenswali mal-grandees tal-imperu. L-Imperatur Enriku VI Fl-aħħar tas-seklu 12 falla l-attentat biex tiġi introdotta monarkija ereditarja permezz tal-pjan tas-suċċessjoni. Filwaqt li l-Imperu tal-Frankon tal-Punent sar stat ċentrali Franċiż, l-Imperu tal-Frankon tal-Lvant jew l-Imperu Rumano-Ġermaniż baqa’ kkaratterizzat minn sovrani u d-dritt li jeleġġi s-rejiet. </p><p>F'nofs is-seklu 13 inħoloq l-Imperu Ruman Imqaddes: l-isem Sacrum Imperium (Imperu Qaddis) kien diġà użat fl-1157, Sacrum Imperium Romanum (Imperu Ruman Imqaddes) kien iddokumentat għall-ewwel darba fl-1184 (l-eqdem riċerka kienet ibbażata fuq l-1254) . Sat-tmiem tiegħu fl-1806, l-imperu baqa’ formalment monarkija elettiva. Għalkemm l-imperaturi ppruvaw kemm-il darba jsaħħu l-pożizzjoni tagħhom, l-imperu baqa’ assoċjazzjoni supranazzjonali ta' ħafna territorji ta' daqsijiet differenti, kif ukoll bliet imperjali. </p><p>Is-sekli 14 u 15 tal-Medju Evu tard kienu kkaratterizzati minn kingship elettiva: tliet familji kbar (l-Habsburgs, il-Lussemburgi, u l-Wittelsbachs) kellhom l-akbar influwenza fl-imperu u l-akbar qawwa interna. L-aktar re importanti huwa Karlu IV, li segwa politika ta' poter intern intelliġenti. Minkejja kriżijiet bħall-pesta (Black Death), il-kriżi agrarja, u x-Xiżma tal-Punent, il-bliet u l-kummerċ iffjorixxu; It-tranżizzjoni għar-Rinaxximent bdiet. Fl-imperu, l-Habsburgi wirtu l-Lussemburgi, li mietu fil-linja maskili fl-1437, u kienu l-ħakkiema Rumani-Ġermaniżi kważi kontinwament sa tmiem l-imperu. Permezz ta' politika għaqlija, l-Habsburgi kisbu territorji addizzjonali fl-imperu u anke l-kuruna rjali Spanjola: Habsburg telgħet biex issir qawwa Ewropea ewlenija. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Kurf%C3%BCrst_August,_Reichstaler_1575.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kurf%C3%BCrst_August%2C_Reichstaler_1575.JPG/220px-Kurf%C3%BCrst_August%2C_Reichstaler_1575.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kurf%C3%BCrst_August%2C_Reichstaler_1575.JPG/330px-Kurf%C3%BCrst_August%2C_Reichstaler_1575.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kurf%C3%BCrst_August%2C_Reichstaler_1575.JPG/440px-Kurf%C3%BCrst_August%2C_Reichstaler_1575.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Elettorat tas-Sassonja, Reichstaler mill-1575 miz-zekka ta' Dresden, Mmz. HB</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:HRR_1648.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HRR_1648.png/220px-HRR_1648.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HRR_1648.png/330px-HRR_1648.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/HRR_1648.png/440px-HRR_1648.png 2x" data-file-width="4857" data-file-height="3959" /></a><figcaption>L-Imperu Ruman Qaddis fl-1648 wara l-konklużjoni tal-Paċi ta' Westphalia</figcaption></figure> <p>Fil-bidu tas-seklu 16, l-Imperatur Massimiljan I wettaq riforma imperjali komprensiva li saħħet ir-Reichstag, il-ġudikatura (ħolqien tar-Reichskammergericht u Reichshofrat), u l-ordni intern permezz tal-Paċi Eterna u d-diviżjoni f'ċrieki imperjali. Madankollu, minħabba l-falliment tal-penny komuni u r-reġiment imperjali, ir-riforma baqgħet mhux kompluta. Mill-1519, l-Imperatur Karlu V, li kien ukoll sultan ta' Spanja b’imperu kolonjali barra minn xtutna, segwa l-kunċett ta' monarkija universali. Id-dominanza tagħhom fl-Ewropa stabbilixxiet antagoniżmu Habsburg-Franċiż li dam sekli sħaħ. </p><p>Fl-1517, Martin Luteru beda r-Riforma permezz ta' sejħiet għal riformi teoloġiċi u interni tal-knisja u pożizzjoni anti-papali, li wasslet għall-lok ta' denominazzjonijiet “Protestanti”. Il-Kattoliċiżmu wieġeb bil-Kontro-Riforma, iżda l-knejjes Protestanti l-ġodda rebħu f'ħafna mill-imperu. Il-Paċi ta' Augsburg tal-1555 ħolqot bilanċ proviżorju: is-sovrani tħallew jiddeterminaw liema denominazzjoni kienet tapplika għas-suġġetti tagħhom (cuius regio, eius religio). </p><p>Id-differenzi konfessjonali u l-poter politiku ħarġu l-Gwerra ta' Tletin Sena (1618-1648) b'ħafna mwiet u pajsaġġi meqruda, li spiċċat bil-Paċi ta' Westphalia, li saħħet u kkodifikat l-influwenza tat-territorji kontra l-imperatur (ara l-Aħħar Adieu Imperial). Il-prinċpijiet imperjali issa tħallew jgħollu t-truppi tagħhom stess u jikkonkludu trattati ma’ poteri barranin. Bħala riżultat, l-imperu sar konfederazzjoni de facto ta' stati; de jure baqgħet struttura mmexxija b'mod monarkiku u dominata mill-klassi. Mill-1663, ir-Reichstag ġie trasformat f'kungress permanenti ta' mibgħuta (Reichstag Perpetwu), li ltaqa' f'Regensburg. </p><p>Bħala parti mill-politika tar-riunifikazzjoni tiegħu, Louis aktar milli jkun l-awtorità rjali ċentrali tal-imperu. Xi ħakkiema, partikolarment Frederick II tal-Prussja, fetħu lilhom infushom għall-ispirtu filosofiku ta 'dak iż-żmien u implimentaw riformi (assolutiżmu illuminat). Iż-żieda politika tal-Prussja fis-seklu 18 wasslet għal dualiżmu mad-Dar tal-Habsburg. Wara r-Rivoluzzjoni Franċiża, it-truppi tiegħu okkupaw ix-xatt tax-xellug tar-Rhine. Wara r-rebħa ta' Napuljun Bonaparte fit-Tieni Gwerra ta' Koalizzjoni, fl-1803 waslet il-konklużjoni ewlenija tad-Deputazzjoni Imperjali. Fl-1806 l-aħħar imperatur, Franġisku II, irriżenja mill-kuruna u l-imperu ġie fi tmiemu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konfederazzjoni_tar-Rhine,_Konfederazzjoni_Ġermaniża,_Konfederazzjoni_tal-Ġermanja_tat-Tramuntana_(1806–1871)"><span id="Konfederazzjoni_tar-Rhine.2C_Konfederazzjoni_.C4.A0ermani.C5.BCa.2C_Konfederazzjoni_tal-.C4.A0ermanja_tat-Tramuntana_.281806.E2.80.931871.29"></span>Konfederazzjoni tar-Rhine, Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża, Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana (1806–1871)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Konfederazzjoni tar-Rhine, Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża, Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana (1806–1871)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Konfederazzjoni tar-Rhine, Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża, Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana (1806–1871)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutscher_Bund.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Deutscher_Bund.svg/220px-Deutscher_Bund.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Deutscher_Bund.svg/330px-Deutscher_Bund.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Deutscher_Bund.svg/440px-Deutscher_Bund.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>Il-Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża 1815-1866</figcaption></figure> <p>Bejn l-1801 u l-1806, taħt l-influwenza ta' Napuljun, in-numru ta' pajjiżi fiż-żona tar-“Renju l-Qadim” naqas minn madwar 300 għal madwar 60. Franza annesset il-punent u l-majjistral Ġermaniżi u ħolqot stati vassalli Ġermaniżi, li t-troni tagħhom Napuljun imla bil-familja. membri (Gran Dukat ta' Berg, Renju ta' Westphalia, Gran Dukat ta' Frankfurt). Napuljun għamel alleati xi stati Ġermaniżi, speċjalment ir-Renju tal-Bavarja, Württemberg u Baden li għadu kif inħoloq fil-Paċi ta' Pressburg fl-1805, espandihom biex jinkludi l-oqsma tal-istati żgħar sekularizzati u medjatizzati u għaqqadhom fil-Konfederazzjoni tar-Rhine, li kien alleat ma' Franza. Dan, bl-avversarji tiegħu il-Prussja u l-Awstrija, li ġew megħluba minn Napuljun, rnexxielu lill-Imperu Ruman Qaddis, li b'hekk inqasam fi tlieta u ġie eliminat bħala fattur ta' qawwa. L-"era Franċiża" ġabet lill-istati tal-Konfederazzjoni tar-Rhine spinta kbira għall-modernizzazzjoni, inklużi l-libertajiet ċivili, permezz tal-introduzzjoni tal-kodiċi ċivili. Fil-Prussja wkoll, saru riformi estensivi mill-1806 biex is-suġġetti jinbidlu f’ċittadini (cf. Citoyen) u l-Istat jerġa' jkun kapaċi jaġixxi u jiddefendi lilu nnifsu. </p><p>Mill-1809 kien hemm reżistenza għall-okkupazzjoni u l-ħakma Franċiża; Fil-bidu, ġew imrażżna diversi rewwixti, bħal dawk ta' Andreas Hofer fit-Tirol u Ferdinand von Schill fil-Prussja. Wara t-telfa ta' Napuljun fil-kampanja Russa tal-1812, il-Prussja u l-Awstrija, f'alleanza mal-Imperu Russu, bdew il-Gwerer tal-Ħelsien (1813–1815), li saħħew is-sentiment nazzjonali Ġermaniż, inizjalment fost l-istudjużi Protestanti, eż. fil-Lützow Freikorps. li kienet ukoll l-oriġini tal-kuluri iswed u aħmar. Ħafna mill-istati tal-Konfederazzjoni tar-Rhine ngħaqdu mal-Alleati, li, wara r-rebħa fil-Battalja ta' Leipzig fl-1813, fl-aħħar għelbu lil Napuljun fl-1815. </p><p>Aktar tard, il-Kungress ta' Vjenna (1814-1815) fil-biċċa l-kbira stabbilixxa mill-ġdid il-gvern monarkiku. Fil-Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża, konfederazzjoni ta' stati ddominati mill-Awstrija u l-Prussja, 38 stat (→ It-Tielet Ġermanja) ġew organizzati bil-Bundestag ta' Frankfurt bħala l-korp li jieħu d-deċiżjonijiet. Fl-1833/1834 l-Unjoni Doganali Ġermaniża nħolqot taħt is-supremazija Prussjana. Fil-perjodu ta 'qabel Marzu, l-elite tal-gvern ta' qabel rrepressjonat lill-bourgeoisie li ssaħħaħ ekonomikament (persekuzzjoni tad-demagogi), li baqgħet titlob parteċipazzjoni politika u l-formazzjoni ta 'stat nazzjonali, bħal fl-1817 fil-festival tal-istudenti ta' Wartburg u fl-1832 f'Hambach's. Ċelebrazzjoni bit-tlugħ ta' iswed, aħmar u deheb, il-kuluri nazzjonali aktar tard. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg/220px-Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg/330px-Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg/440px-Zeitgen%C3%B6ssige_Lithografie_der_Nationalversammlung_in_der_Paulskirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3364" data-file-height="2229" /></a><figcaption>Assemblea Nazzjonali fil-Paulskirche fi Frankfurt, 1848/49: l-ewwel parlament Ġermaniż elett liberament</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:NB_1866-1871.99.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NB_1866-1871.99.svg/220px-NB_1866-1871.99.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NB_1866-1871.99.svg/330px-NB_1866-1871.99.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NB_1866-1871.99.svg/440px-NB_1866-1871.99.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>1867: Il-Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana</figcaption></figure> <p>Bir-Rivoluzzjoni ta' Marzu bourgeois ta' l-1848, ħafna politiċi konservattivi kellhom jirriżenjaw, inkluż il-Kanċillier Awstrijak li ddefinixxa l-era, il-Prinċep Metternich. Taħt pressjoni rivoluzzjonarja f’Berlin, il-Bundestag Ġermaniż aċċetta l-elezzjoni tal-Assemblea Nazzjonali ta' Frankfurt. Huwa stabbilixxa gvern u ppromulga l-Kostituzzjoni Paulskirche, li kienet tinkludi stat nazzjonali federali bħala l-"Imperu Ġermaniż" b'monarkija kostituzzjonali u l-irtirar tal-Awstrija mill-Ġermanja. </p><p>Iżda r-re Prussjan Frederick William IV ċaħad il-kuruna imperjali li ġiet offruta lilu. Wara s-soppressjoni tar-Rewwixta ta' Mejju, ir-rivoluzzjoni ntemmet fit-23 ta' Lulju, 1849 bil-qbid tal-fortizza ta' Rastatt mit-truppi Prussjani. Il-falliment tal-moviment demokratiku wassal għat-titjira u l-emigrazzjoni tat-Tmienja u Erbgħin u era ta' reazzjoni fl-istati Ġermaniżi. </p><p>Fil-bidu tas-snin 60 faqqa' l-kunflitt tal-Prussja mal-Awstrija dwar is-supremazija fil-Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża (dualiżmu Ġermaniż), li spiċċa bir-rebħa tal-Prussja fil-Gwerra Ġermaniża fl-1866. Il-Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża ġiet xolta u l-Prussja annesset diversi żoni avversarju tal-gwerra tat-tramuntana u ċ-ċentru tal-Ġermanja. Fl-1866, il-Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana twaqqfet inizjalment bħala alleanza militari taħt il-ħakma Prussjana. Il-kostituzzjoni tagħha tal-1867 għamlitha stat federali sovran u waqqfet il-pedamenti għas-Soluzzjoni Żgħira Ġermaniża. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperu_Ġermaniż_(1871-1918)"><span id="Imperu_.C4.A0ermani.C5.BC_.281871-1918.29"></span>Imperu Ġermaniż (1871-1918)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Imperu Ġermaniż (1871-1918)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Imperu Ġermaniż (1871-1918)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_(3._Fassung_1885).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg/220px-A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg/330px-A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg/440px-A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1097" /></a><figcaption>Il-proklamazzjoni tal-Imperu Ġermaniż fl-1871, pittura ta' Anton von Werner</figcaption></figure> <p>Matul il-Gwerra Franko-Prussjana, l-stati tan-Nofsinhar tal-Ġermanja ssieħbu mal-Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana (1 ta' Jannar 1871). Dan il-gvern federali għalhekk sar l-istat nazzjonali Ġermaniż mingħajr l-Awstrija u l-ewwel stat federali tal-Ġermanja. Fit-18 ta' Jannar, 1871, ir-Re Guglielmu I tal-Prussja aċċetta t-titlu imperjali f’Versailles, li kien irċieva mal-kostituzzjoni l-ġdida. Aktar tard ġie ċċelebrat Jum it-Twaqqif tar-Reich. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutsches_Reich_(1871-1918)-de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-de.svg/220px-Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-de.svg/330px-Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-de.svg/440px-Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="917" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tal-Imperu Ġermaniż 1871-1918</figcaption></figure> <p>Otto von Bismarck, Prim Ministru Prussjan mill-1862, waqqaf l-imperu u sar l-ewwel kanċillier. Il-kostituzzjoni imperjali ta' Bismarck appoġġat il-qawwa tal-monarkija kostituzzjonali, iżda kienet iddisinjata wkoll għall-modernizzazzjoni u kienet ambivalenti; Il-liġijiet dwar l-iskola u ż-żwieġ ċivili kienu parzjalment liberali. Il-vot universali (għall-irġiel) applikat għar-Reichstag. Bismarck mexxa l-Kulturkampf kontra l-Knisja Kattolika, kontra s-Soċjal Demokratiċi approva l-liġijiet soċjalisti tal-1878 u pprova jgħaqqad lill-ħaddiema mal-Istat permezz ta' leġiżlazzjoni soċjali. L-industrijalizzazzjoni għolja fil-Ġermanja kkawżat tkabbir ekonomiku u demografiku, eżodu rurali u żieda wiesgħa fl-istandards tal-għajxien; Il-Ġermanja saret l-akbar ekonomija fl-Ewropa. </p><p>Il-politika ta' alleanza ta' Otto von Bismarck kellha l-għan li tiżola lil Franza mill-Ġermanja bħala qawwa semi-eġemonika fl-Ewropa ċentrali. Wara li n-negozjanti u l-assoċjazzjonijiet Ġermaniżi segwew politika kolonjali privata, l-imperu approprja territorji Afrikani fl-1884. Dawn il-kolonji Ġermaniżi kienu magħrufa bħala “żoni protetti.” Minbarra l-entużjażmu kolonjali, kien hemm ukoll xettiċiżmu u ċaħda, kultant anke min-naħa ta' Bismarck. Iż-żoni ġew sfruttati; Xi ħakkiema kolonjali Ġermaniżi wettqu reati kontra nies tal-post, pereżempju fil-ġenoċidju kontra l-Herero u Nama (1904-1908). </p><p>Fis-"Sena tat-Tliet Imperaturi" tal-1888, Wilhelm II sar Imperatur tal-Ġermanja u waqqaf l-era ta' Wilhelminianism orjentat lejn il-militar. Huwa talab li r-Reich Ġermaniż jirrikonoxxi l-potenzi l-kbar ta' qabel ("post fix-xemx") u fittex li jistabbilixxi kolonji u flotot ġodda taħt l-imperialiżmu. Madankollu, il-Gran Brittanja issa eskludiet lill-Ġermanja minflok lil Franza f'sistema ta' alleanza ġdida (Triple Entente). </p><p>Il-Kriżi ta' Lulju tal-1914 wasslet għall-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija, gwerra fuq bosta fronti b’telf kbir; Iktar minn żewġ miljun suldat Ġermaniż mietu u madwar 800,000 ċivili mietu bil-ġuħ. Il-gwerra kkawżat ukoll ħafna mwiet u taqlib politiku f’pajjiżi oħra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repubblika_ta'_Weimar_(1919-1933)"><span id="Repubblika_ta.27_Weimar_.281919-1933.29"></span>Repubblika ta' Weimar (1919-1933)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Repubblika ta' Weimar (1919-1933)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Repubblika ta' Weimar (1919-1933)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Karte_des_Deutschen_Reiches,_Weimarer_Republik-Drittes_Reich_1919%E2%80%931937.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Karte_des_Deutschen_Reiches%2C_Weimarer_Republik-Drittes_Reich_1919%E2%80%931937.svg/220px-Karte_des_Deutschen_Reiches%2C_Weimarer_Republik-Drittes_Reich_1919%E2%80%931937.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Karte_des_Deutschen_Reiches%2C_Weimarer_Republik-Drittes_Reich_1919%E2%80%931937.svg/330px-Karte_des_Deutschen_Reiches%2C_Weimarer_Republik-Drittes_Reich_1919%E2%80%931937.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Karte_des_Deutschen_Reiches%2C_Weimarer_Republik-Drittes_Reich_1919%E2%80%931937.svg/440px-Karte_des_Deutschen_Reiches%2C_Weimarer_Republik-Drittes_Reich_1919%E2%80%931937.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="885" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tal-Imperu Ġermaniż 1919-1937</figcaption></figure> <p>Ir-Rivoluzzjoni ta' Novembru u l-proklamazzjoni tar-Repubblika fid-9 ta' Novembru, 1918 mmarkaw it-tmiem tal-Imperu Ġermaniż, li kien ammetta telfa fl-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija bil-konsenja tiegħu. Wara l-elezzjoni tal-Assemblea Nazzjonali Kostitwenti, li fiha n-nisa setgħu jivvutaw b'mod attiv u passiv għall-ewwel darba, il-Kostituzzjoni ta' Weimar daħlet fis-seħħ fl-14 ta' Awwissu, 1919. Fit-Trattat ta' Paċi ta' Versailles, iċ-Ċessjonijiet importanti tat-territorju, l-Alleati l-okkupazzjoni tar-Rhineland u r-riparazzjonijiet ġew determinati fuq il-bażi tar-responsabbiltà esklussiva tal-Ġermanja għall-gwerra. Din is-sitwazzjoni inizjali ttestjat il-klima politika; L-estremisti tal-lemin xerrdu l-leġġenda tal-ponta f'dahar kontra l-“kriminali ta' Novembru”, li wasslet għal qtil politiku u attentati ta' kolp ta' stat (kolp ta' stat ta' Kapp fl-1920 u ta' Hitler fl-1923). Rewwixti Komunisti bħar-Rewwixta tar-Ruhr fl-1920, il-Battalja ta’ Marzu fil-Ġermanja Ċentrali fl-1921, u r-Rewwixta ta' Hamburg fl-1923 ikkawżaw ukoll instabbiltà. Il-Belġju u Franza użaw ħlasijiet ta' riparazzjonijiet insuffiċjenti bħala raġuni għall-okkupazzjoni tagħhom tar-Ruhr mill-1923 sal-1925. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ausrufung_Republik_Scheidemann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ausrufung_Republik_Scheidemann.jpg/220px-Ausrufung_Republik_Scheidemann.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ausrufung_Republik_Scheidemann.jpg/330px-Ausrufung_Republik_Scheidemann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ausrufung_Republik_Scheidemann.jpg/440px-Ausrufung_Republik_Scheidemann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption>Philipp Scheidemann jipproklama r-Repubblika mir-Reichstag fid-9 ta' Novembru, 1918.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fil-qosor "għoxrinijiet tad-deheb" il-kultura iffjorixxiet u, mill-1924, hekk għamlet l-ekonomija. B'aktar minn erba' miljun abitant, Berlin kienet it-tielet l-akbar belt u waħda mill-aktar dinamiċi fid-dinja. Il-prosperità ntemmet fl-1929 bid-Depressjoni l-Kbira; Fl-aqwa tagħha, fl-1932, kien hemm aktar minn sitt miljuni bla xogħol fil-Ġermanja, li ħafna minnhom għexu fil-miżerja. Il-partiti radikali kisbu appoġġ qawwi, u għamilha dejjem aktar diffiċli għall-partiti moderati biex jiffurmaw gvernijiet stabbli. Wara r-rebħa ċara ħafna tas-Soċjalisti Nazzjonali fl-elezzjonijiet tar-Reichstag fl-1930, il-kanċillieri tar-Reich li qed jinbidlu malajr ma kellhomx aktar maġġoranza parlamentari; Il-kabinetti presidenzjali tagħhom kienu jiddependu fuq il-President tar-Reich Paul von Hindenburg u d-digrieti ta' emerġenza tiegħu. Il-politika deflazzjonarja tal-Kanċillier tar-Reich Heinrich Brüning aggravat il-kriżi ekonomika. Is-suċċessur tiegħu Franz von Papen (Ġunju-Novembru 1932) poġġa l-gvern demokratiku tal-Prussja taħt il-kontroll ta' Kummissarju tar-Reich (Preußenschlag) u għamel elezzjonijiet ġodda li fihom is-Soċjalisti Nazzjonali saru saħansitra aktar b'saħħithom. </p><p>Il-Kanċillier tar-Reich Kurt von Schleicher ipprova jipprevjeni lil Adolf Hitler milli jasal għall-poter permezz ta '"cross front" ta' unjins u sezzjonijiet tas-Nazzjonalisti, iżda von Papen ikkonvinċa lil Hindenburg riluttanti biex isemmi lil Hitler kanċillier fit-30 ta' Jannar 1933. Fis-27 ta' Frar, seħħ in-Nar tar-Reichstag, li sal-lum għadu mhux solvut, u Hitler approfitta minn dan biex joħroġ l-"Ordinanza tan-Nar tar-Reichstag", li ssospendiet id-drittijiet bażiċi għal żmien indefinit. L-arresti sussegwenti tal-massa ta' avversarji politiċi, speċjalment komunisti u soċjal-demokratiċi, sawru l-elezzjonijiet tar-Reichstag tal-5 ta' Marzu, 1933, li fihom l-NSDAP tilef il-maġġoranza assoluta tiegħu u kompla jiggverna mad-DNVP reazzjonarju. Il-qabda definittiva tal-poter seħħet ftit wara, meta r-Reichstag approva l-Liġi ta' Abilitazzjoni tal-24 ta' Marzu 1933 bil-voti tal-partiti bourgeois, biss kontra l-voti tal-SPD, u b’hekk ħalliet il-leġiżlazzjoni f'idejn il-gvern ta' Hitler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dittatorjat_Nazzjonali_Soċjalista_(1933-1945)"><span id="Dittatorjat_Nazzjonali_So.C4.8Bjalista_.281933-1945.29"></span>Dittatorjat Nazzjonali Soċjalista (1933-1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Dittatorjat Nazzjonali Soċjalista (1933-1945)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Dittatorjat Nazzjonali Soċjalista (1933-1945)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Grossdeutsches_Reich_NS_Administration_1944.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Grossdeutsches_Reich_NS_Administration_1944.png/220px-Grossdeutsches_Reich_NS_Administration_1944.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Grossdeutsches_Reich_NS_Administration_1944.png/330px-Grossdeutsches_Reich_NS_Administration_1944.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Grossdeutsches_Reich_NS_Administration_1944.png/440px-Grossdeutsches_Reich_NS_Administration_1944.png 2x" data-file-width="2615" data-file-height="2030" /></a><figcaption>Il-Ġermanja Nażista b'territorji okkupati, 1943-1945</figcaption></figure> <p>Fi ftit xhur, l-NSDAP stabbilixxa stat totalitarju b'parti waħda fir-Reich Ġermaniż taħt it-tmexxija ta 'Adolf Hitler u allinja l-istituzzjonijiet. Nies mhux popolari u avversarji politiċi, speċjalment komunisti, soċjal-demokratiċi u trejdunjonisti, tneħħew mill-awtoritajiet kollha, inbnew l-ewwel kampijiet ta' konċentrament, li bdew fl-1935 taħt is-superviżjoni tal-Ispezzjoni tal-Kampijiet ta' Konċentrament, inħarqu kotba u xogħol artistiku mhux popolari kien imneħħija. Huwa kien malafamat bħala "deġenerat". Il-propaganda Nazista ppenetrat ukoll fil-ħajja privata; It-tfal kienu diġà qed jiġu ppressati biex jingħaqdu ma' organizzazzjonijiet tal-partit. F'Ottubru 1933, Hitler ħabbar l-irtirar tal-Ġermanja mil-Lega tan-Nazzjonijiet. Huwa assigura l-ħakma tiegħu internament billi kellu l-avversarji interni tal-partit u l-ex sħabi maqtula waqt il-qtil ta' Röhm fit-30 ta' Ġunju 1934, li permezz tiegħu l-SA saret bla setgħa favur l-SS, li kienu leali bis-sħiħ lejn Hitler. Huwa kien ħalef personalment fit-tmexxija mill-ġeneri tar-Reichswehr. Il-Gestapo intużat bħala pulizija politika biex tiġġieled kontra l-avversarji politiċi u ideoloġiċi. </p><p>Mill-bidu, Hitler kellu żewġ għanijiet, gwerra ta 'aggressjoni u annihilation biex jinħoloq "Lebenraum fil-Lvant" u l-persekuzzjoni tal-Lhud, li bdiet b'diskriminazzjoni, umiljazzjoni u esklużjoni u spiċċat bħala "soluzzjoni finali għall-kwistjoni Lhudija". fl-Olokawst. Fl-1934 il-Wehrmacht bdiet tirriarma. Politika monetarja espansjonali u ekonomija tad-dejn kienu mmirati lejn gwerra bikrija. Il-programm Reinhardt naqqas il-qgħad; Dan ġie riċevut mill-popolazzjoni bħala t-twettiq ta 'wegħdiet ekonomiċi. Is-sitwazzjoni tal-Lhud Ġermaniżi saret dejjem agħar; Il-Liġijiet ta' Nuremberg tal-1935 ikkastigaw b’mod sever ir-relazzjonijiet bejn “Arjani” u Lhud bħala “diżunur razzjali”. Il-Lhud tilfu l-uffiċċji pubbliċi kollha, ġew ippersegwitati b'mod arbitrarju, insterqu u rikatt, u fl-aħħar mill-aħħar ipprojbiti milli jaħdmu għal kollox, u l-proprjetà Lhudija ġiet Arjanizzata. Il-Lhud kienu wkoll dejjem aktar mibgħuta fil-kampijiet ta' konċentrament. Ħafna ddeċidew li jemigraw, iżda l-maġġoranza baqgħu fil-Ġermanja. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413,_KZ_Auschwitz,_Einfahrt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413%2C_KZ_Auschwitz%2C_Einfahrt.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413%2C_KZ_Auschwitz%2C_Einfahrt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413%2C_KZ_Auschwitz%2C_Einfahrt.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413%2C_KZ_Auschwitz%2C_Einfahrt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413%2C_KZ_Auschwitz%2C_Einfahrt.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413%2C_KZ_Auschwitz%2C_Einfahrt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Ritratt tal-bieb tad-dħul tal-kamp ta' sterminazzjoni ta' Auschwitz-Birkenau, ħarsa minn ġewwa, 1945 (ritratt: Stanisław Mucha)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Koeln_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Koeln_1945.jpg/220px-Koeln_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Koeln_1945.jpg/330px-Koeln_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Koeln_1945.jpg/440px-Koeln_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2919" data-file-height="2092" /></a><figcaption>Kolonja meqruda fi tmiem il-kampanja tal-bumbardament, April 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>L-ideoloġija razzista Nażista biex tinħoloq "komunità nazzjonali" "b'saħħitha" (cf. razza kaptan) kienet diretta kontra żewġ gruppi oħra, ir-Roma u s-Slavi, bħala "subuman". Mhux meqjusa bħala "razza barranija," iżda bħala theddida għas-"saħħa" tal-"korp nazzjonali," omosesswali, nies b'diżabbiltà, u "nies antisoċjali" ġew ukoll ffastidjati u maqtula mir-reġim. Fl-istess ħin, ir-reġim iċċelebra suċċessi ta' propaganda; Fl-1936, il-Logħob Olimpiku tejbu r-reputazzjoni barra l-pajjiż u r-Rhineland demilitarizzat kien okkupat. L-espansjoni bdiet bl-annessjoni sfurzata tal-Awstrija f'Marzu 1938, u wara l-Ġermanja saret magħrufa bħala l-Kbir Reich Ġermaniż. Il-Ftehim ta' Munich ta' Ottubru, 1938 issiġilla l-annessjoni tas-Sudetenland. Bix-xoljiment tar-Repubblika Ċekoslovakka f'Marzu 1939, Hitler kiser il-wegħda tiegħu li s-Sudetenland kienet l-aħħar talba territorjali tiegħu. Dan għamilha ċara li l-politika ta' appeasement tal-qawwiet tal-Punent lejn il-Ġermanja kienet żball. </p><p>Wara li r-Reich Ġermaniż beda l-invażjoni tiegħu tal-Polonja fl-1 ta' Settembru, 1939, il-Gran Brittanja, il-Kanada, l-Awstralja, l-Indja, New Zealand, l-Afrika t’Isfel, u Franza ddikjaraw gwerra lill-Ġermanja. It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija kkawżat bejn 55 u 60 miljun mewt f’sitt snin. Il-Ġermanja inizjalment kisbet xi suċċessi militari magħrufa bħala "Blitzkrieg". Il-Polonja kienet maqsuma bejn Hitler u Stalin fil-Patt ta’ Non-Aggressjoni, il-Wehrmacht imbagħad nediet l-armati tagħha lejn il-punent, attakkat lid-Danimarka u n-Norveġja fil-“Weserübung” u l-istati newtrali tal-Lussemburgu, il-Belġju u l-Olanda fil-“Kampanja tal-Punent”. , u Okkupat żoni kbar f'sitt ġimgħat fl-1940 Partijiet ta 'Franza. Il-popolarità ta' Hitler laħqet il-quċċata tagħha. </p><p>Anke qabel ma bdiet il-gwerra, it-Tielet Reich intensifika l-persekuzzjoni tiegħu tal-Lhud. Matul is-sena 1938, il-Lhud Ġermaniżi ġew esklużi mill-ħajja ekonomika u mċaħħda mill-proprjetà tagħhom permezz ta 'diversi regolamenti. Fid-9 ta' Novembru, 1938, il-ħwienet u s-sinagogi Lhud kienu meqruda waqt il-pogroms ta' Novembru. Fl-1941, il-Lhud kienu pprojbiti milli jitilqu mill-pajjiż. Minn dakinhar 'l quddiem kellhom jilbsu l-"Istilla Lhudija" u bdew il-qtil sistematiku tagħhom fl-isfera ta' influwenza Ġermaniża kollha. Ħafna mietu f'xogħol furzat minħabba kura inadegwata u epidemiji. L-SS, li kienet primarjament responsabbli għall-eżekuzzjoni, waqqfu kampijiet ta' sterminazzjoni f'territorju ta' qabel Pollakk jew Sovjetiku, fejn il-biċċa l-kbira tal-vittmi, miġjuba minn karozzi tal-bhejjem, kienu immedjatament issikkati bil-gass (ara Aktion Reinhardt). Aktar minn miljun ruħ inqatlu fil-kmamar tal-gass u l-krematorji tal-kamp ta' konċentrament ta' Auschwitz biss. B’kollox, in-numru ta' Lhud maqtula jammonta għal mill-inqas sitt miljuni. </p><p>Operazzjoni Barbarossa bdiet fit-22 ta' Ġunju, 1941. L-armata Ġermaniża mxiet lejn il-kapitali Sovjetika u twaqqfet fil-Battalja ta' Moska f'Diċembru 1941. Wara li l-Imperu alleat tal-Ġappun (→ Axis Powers) attakka lill-flotta Amerikana Fl-attakk fuq Pearl Harbor fl-istess xahar, il-Ġermanja ddikjarat ukoll gwerra lill-Istati Uniti tal-Amerika. In-nuqqas ta 'riżorsi u s-saħħa ta' l-għadu superjuri malajr wasslu għal bidla fil-gwerra, li mmanifesta ruħha fil-Battalja mitlufa ta 'Stalingrad bl-annihilation sħiħa tas-6 Armata Ġermaniża. Aktar ma saret it-telfa inevitabbli, iktar saret il-politika domestika ħarxa. Fid-diskors tiegħu fil-Palazz tal-Isport fit-18 ta' Frar, 1943, Joseph Goebbels ipproklama “gwerra totali,” hekk kif l-armati Ġermaniżi rtiraw kważi fuq il-fronti kollha u bosta bliet Ġermaniżi ġew meqruda mill-bumbardamenti. Meta l-armati Sovjetiċi kienu diġà ħadu l-kapitali fil-Battalja ta' Berlin, Hitler ħadu ħajtu fil-Führerbunker fit-30 ta' April, 1945. Fit-8 ta' Mejju, il-Wehrmacht ċediet mingħajr kundizzjonijiet u fit-23 ta' Mejju, 1945 l-aħħar gvern tar-Reich ġie arrestat fiż-żona speċjali ta' Mürwik, ħdejn Flensburg. Il-mexxejja politiċi, militari u ekonomiċi li baqgħu ħajjin ġew ipproċessati fil-Proċessi ta' Nuremberg għar-responsabbiltà individwali tagħhom għal delitti tal-gwerra u delitti kontra l-umanità. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il-Ġermanja_taħt_l-okkupazzjoni_Alleata_(1945-1949)"><span id="Il-.C4.A0ermanja_ta.C4.A7t_l-okkupazzjoni_Alleata_.281945-1949.29"></span>Il-Ġermanja taħt l-okkupazzjoni Alleata (1945-1949)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Il-Ġermanja taħt l-okkupazzjoni Alleata (1945-1949)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Il-Ġermanja taħt l-okkupazzjoni Alleata (1945-1949)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Potsdam_Conference_group_portrait,_July_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Potsdam_Conference_group_portrait%2C_July_1945.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Conference_group_portrait%2C_July_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Potsdam_Conference_group_portrait%2C_July_1945.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Conference_group_portrait%2C_July_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Potsdam_Conference_group_portrait%2C_July_1945.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Conference_group_portrait%2C_July_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption>Parteċipanti tal-Konferenza ta' Potsdam, 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Map-Germany-1947.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map-Germany-1947.svg/220px-Map-Germany-1947.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map-Germany-1947.svg/330px-Map-Germany-1947.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map-Germany-1947.svg/440px-Map-Germany-1947.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="2956" /></a><figcaption>L-erba' żoni ta' okkupazzjoni skont il-Ftehim ta’ Potsdam, il-Protettorat tas-Saar u ż-żoni tal-Lvant taħt l-amministrazzjoni Pollakka u Sovjetika</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja kienet maqsuma fi ħdan il-fruntieri tal-31 ta' Diċembru, 1937; Fil-5 ta' Ġunju 1945, l-erba’ poteri rebbieħa – l-Istati Uniti, l-USSR, il-Gran Brittanja u finalment Franza – iddefinixxew żoni ta' okkupazzjoni u mbagħad eżerċitaw is-sovranità fiż-żoni rispettivi tagħhom fil-punent tal-linja Oder - Neisse u flimkien permezz ta' Kmand Alleat fuq Greater. Berlin. It-Territorji tal-Lvant Ġermaniżi, kwart tat-territorju tar-Reich u abitati minn ħamsa tal-popolazzjoni tar-Reich, kienu diġà tqiegħdu taħt l-amministrazzjoni tar-Repubblika Popolari Pollakka qabel it-tmiem tal-gwerra wara l-konkwista tagħha mill-Armata l-Ħamra, u fl- fit-tramuntana tal-Prussja tal-Lvant dik tal-Unjoni Sovjetika (Oblast ta' Kaliningrad). Fuq ħeġġa ta' Stalin, il-poteri tal-Punent approvaw dan fil-Ftehim ta' Potsdam, kif ukoll it-tkeċċija tal-Ġermaniżi mill-Ewropa Ċentrali u tal-Lvant. Ir-Repubblika tal-Awstrija ġiet restawrata għall-fruntieri tagħha tal-1938 u wkoll maqsuma f'erba 'żoni ta' okkupazzjoni. Fl-1946/1947, is-Saarland ġie separat mit-territorju okkupat u mqiegħed taħt amministrazzjoni Franċiża diretta. </p><p>Inizjalment, l-erba 'poteri ppruvaw jiżviluppaw politika ta' okkupazzjoni komuni. Kien hemm qbil dwar id-demilitarizzazzjoni, id-denazifikazzjoni u ż-żarmar tal-kartelli; Il-mistoqsija dwar x'kienet tfisser demokrazija żvelat differenzi bejn l-Unjoni Sovjetika u l-poteri tal-Punent, li intensifikaw meta bdiet il-Gwerra Bierda. Fit-tliet żoni tal-punent, l-Alleati tal-Punent ssuġġettaw l-industrija tal-minjieri, li kienet importanti għar-rikostruzzjoni, għall-Istatut tar-Ruhr. Bir-riforma monetarja ta' Ġunju, 1948 u l-abolizzjoni simultanja ta' prezzijiet fissi u l-ġestjoni, id-direttur ekonomiku taż-żoni tal-punent, Ludwig Erhard, immarka bidla ekonomika partikolarment psikoloġikament sinifikanti; Bir-riforma monetarja fiż-żona tal-Ġermanja okkupata mis-Sovjetiċi li segwew ftit jiem wara u l-imblokk ta' Berlin mill-USSR, is-separazzjoni bejn il-Lvant u l-Punent żdiedet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repubblika_Federali_tal-Ġermanja_u_GDR_(1949-1990)"><span id="Repubblika_Federali_tal-.C4.A0ermanja_u_GDR_.281949-1990.29"></span>Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja u GDR (1949-1990)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja u GDR (1949-1990)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja u GDR (1949-1990)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png/220px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png/330px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png/440px-Deutschland_Bundeslaender_1957.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Il-Ġermanja skont it-teorija ta' tliet stati difiża mill-Unjoni Sovjetika u l-GDR wara l-1958, li ma rnexxilhiex: Repubblika Federali, Berlin tal-Punent u GDR</figcaption></figure> <p>Ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja twaqqfet fit-23 ta' Mejju, 1949 fit-tliet żoni ta' okkupazzjoni tal-punent u l-Liġi Bażika daħlet fis-seħħ bħala kostituzzjoni proviżorja, li l-preambolu tagħha kien fih ir-rekwiżit ta' riunifikazzjoni matul perjodu tranżitorju; Bonn saret is-sede tal-gvern. Erba’ xhur u nofs wara, ir-Repubblika Demokratika Ġermaniża twaqqfet fiż-żona okkupata mis-Sovjetiċi. Iż-żewġ stati raw lilhom infushom bħala parti mill-kontinwità ta' stat Ġermaniż kollu u ma għarfux lill-ieħor. It-tnejn baqgħu taħt il-kontroll tal-forzi tal-okkupazzjoni. Bl-integrazzjoni fl-alleanzi militari opposti tan-NATO u t-Trattat ta' Varsavja, huma kisbu l-indipendenza formali fl-1955 (ara t-Trattati ta' Pariġi, id-Dikjarazzjoni tas-Sovranità tal-USSR għall-GDR). Il-prerekwiżit għal dan kien li f'Lulju 1951 it-tliet potenzi tal-Punent iddeċidew li jtemmu formalment l-istat ta 'gwerra mal-Ġermanja; L-Unjoni Sovjetika ma ddikjaratx qabel Jannar 1955, u wara segwew stati oħra tal-Ewropa tal-Lvant. L-Alleati baqgħu responsabbli għall-Ġermanja kollha kemm hi u d-drittijiet tagħha f'Berlin. </p><p>Filwaqt li fil-GDR ġiet stabbilita ekonomija ppjanata kkontrollata mill-istat, ir-Repubblika Federali għażlet l-hekk imsejħa ekonomija tas-suq soċjali bi ftit influwenza statali. Il-qawwa ta' okkupazzjoni Sovjetika ħolqot kundizzjonijiet inizjali diffiċli fil-GDR b'talbiet għoljin għal riparazzjonijiet (speċjalment id-dekummissjonar), filwaqt li fir-Repubblika Federali beda "miraklu ekonomiku" b'għajnuna barranija (Pjan Marshall), li wassal għal rati ta' tkabbir għoli sostnuti, impjieg sħiħ. . u l-prosperità. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Berlinermauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/220px-Berlinermauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/330px-Berlinermauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Berlinermauer.jpg/440px-Berlinermauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption>Il-Ħajt ta' Berlin f'Bethaniendamm f'Berlin-Kreuzberg (Berlin tal-Punent), 1986</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1118-028,_Berlin,_Grenz%C3%BCbergang_Bornholmer_Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1118-028%2C_Berlin%2C_Grenz%C3%BCbergang_Bornholmer_Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1118-028%2C_Berlin%2C_Grenz%C3%BCbergang_Bornholmer_Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1118-028%2C_Berlin%2C_Grenz%C3%BCbergang_Bornholmer_Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1118-028%2C_Berlin%2C_Grenz%C3%BCbergang_Bornholmer_Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1118-028%2C_Berlin%2C_Grenz%C3%BCbergang_Bornholmer_Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1118-028%2C_Berlin%2C_Grenz%C3%BCbergang_Bornholmer_Stra%C3%9Fe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Bornholmer Straße f'Berlin tal-Punent fl-10 ta' Novembru, 1989. Ġurnata wara l-waqgħa tal-Ħajt, gradilja tħejji l-ewwel merħba għall-viżitaturi fil-GDR.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fil-Punent, bliet ġodda u mibnija mill-ġdid kienu bbażati fuq il-Karta ta' Ateni (CIAM) tal-1933, filwaqt li fil-Lvant is-16-il prinċipju tal-iżvilupp urban, żviluppati skont il-mudell Sovjetiku, saru vinkolanti. B'riżultat ta' dan, ir-rikostruzzjoni fiż-żewġ stati Ġermaniżi segwiet il-mudell tal-belt favur il-karozzi. Żoni residenzjali u kummerċjali spiss kienu separati minn xulxin. Minn dakinhar ’il quddiem, ġew ippjanati wkoll bosta bliet suburbani bis-satellita (“bliet rieqda”). Dan it-tip ta' żvilupp urban kien rikonoxxut mill-bidu bħala mhux korrett. </p><p>Il-Purtiera tal-Ħadid li qasmet l-Ewropa Ċentrali wkoll qasmet il-Ġermanja; L-emigrazzjoni kontinwa ta' nies speċjalment żgħażagħ u bi kwalifiki għolja wasslet biex il-GDR tagħlaq dejjem aktar il-fruntiera interna Ġermaniża sakemm fl-1961, taħt l-eks segretarju ġenerali tas-SED Walter Ulbricht, ingħalqet kompletament bil-bini tal-Ħajt ta' Berlin, li saħansitra għamel kuntatti tal-Familja. bejn il-Ġermanja tal-Punent u tal-Lvant huma diffiċli ħafna. Kull min ipprova jaħrab mir-Repubblika xorta waħda kien detenut bil-forza (ara l-ordni ta' eżekuzzjoni, imwiet fil-fruntieri u l-ħitan). </p><p>F'termini ta' politika barranija, il-Kanċillier Konrad Adenauer imbuttat għall-integrazzjoni tal-Punent u l-parteċipazzjoni fl-unifikazzjoni ekonomika tal-Ewropa tal-Punent għar-Repubblika Federali parzjalment sovrana, li tibda bl-Unjoni Montan fl-1952. forza tal-integrazzjoni Ewropea. F'Settembru 1950, il-GDR saret membru sħiħ tal-Kunsill tal-Lvant għall-Assistenza Ekonomika Reċiproka (RGW). </p><p>Fi ħdan il-GDR, is-soċjaliżmu sar vinkolanti mill-partit statali SED u organizzazzjonijiet tal-massa bħall-FDJ; Ma kienx għad baqa' elezzjonijiet ħielsa u r-rewwixta tas-17 ta' Ġunju, 1953 ġiet imrażżna. L-opinjonijiet dissidenti ġew ippersegwitati permezz ta' ċensura u sorveljanza estensiva mill-pulizija sigrieta, is-Sigurtà tal-Istat; Il-protesta kontra dan qamet f'moviment dissidenti u tad-drittijiet ċivili, li sar radikalizzat bl-espatrijazzjoni ta' Wolf Biermann fl-1976. Fir-Repubblika Federali, li kienet qed tilliberalizza permezz tal-Punent, it-talbiet għal bidla soċjali u rikonċiljazzjoni żdiedu mal-passat, filwaqt li l-elites Nażisti baqgħet fil-biċċa l-kbira bla tfixkil, speċjalment mill-moviment tal-istudenti tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent tas-sittinijiet. Tfaċċat oppożizzjoni extra-parlamentari kontra l-koalizzjoni kbira ffurmata fl-1966 bil-liġijiet ta' emerġenza tagħha. Il-koalizzjoni soċjali-liberali taħt Willy Brandt espandiet l-istat soċjali u l-libertajiet soċjali mill-1969; Il-“New Ostpolitik”, li kellha l-għan li tnaqqas it-tensjonijiet mal-Ewropa tal-Lvant, qalgħet lil Brandt il-Premju Nobel għall-Paċi fl-1971 u kritika mill-konservattivi. </p><p>Fl-1973, ir-Repubblika Federali u l-GDR saru stati membri tan-NU. Minbarra l-problemi tal-provvista li qed jikbru (ekonomija ta 'skarsezza), l-ekonomija ppjanata tal-GDR kellha tlaħħaq ma' bidliet demografiċi, li għalihom Erich Honecker, li ddeċidiet mill-1971 sal-1989, wieġeb b'appoġġ massiv tal-familja. Il-politika tal-GDR għan-nisa u l-familja, kif ukoll l-ugwaljanza u s-sigurtà soċjali miksuba, huma kkunsidrati parzjalment ta' suċċess. Is-snin sebgħin fir-Repubblika Federali kienu kkaratterizzati minn żieda fid-dejn u l-qgħad wara l-kriżi taż-żejt u t-terrur mill-fazzjoni tax-xellug radikali tal-Armata l-Ħamra. Il-Kanċillier Helmut Schmidt (SPD) tilef l-appoġġ fil-partit tiegħu minħabba l-appoġġ tiegħu għad-deċiżjoni doppja tan-NATO - attakkat mill-moviment għall-paċi, parti mill-Movimenti Soċjali Ġodda emerġenti - u ġie sostitwit fl-1982 minn Helmut Kohl (CDU ), li kellu l-opportunità biex tgħaqqad mill-ġdid il-Ġermanja fl-1989. </p><p>L-iskuntentizza tal-popolazzjoni tal-GDR kien żdied minħabba t-tqabbil kostanti tas-sistemi appoġġjati mit-televiżjoni tal-Punent. Fl-aħħar tas-snin tmenin, bil-politika riformista ta' Mikhail Gorbachev fl-Unjoni Sovjetika, ġie ffurmat ukoll moviment ta' protesta fil-GDR, li fil-ħarifa tal-1989 għamel pressjoni fuq il-mexxejja politiċi tal-GDR mdgħajfa permezz ta’ moviment ta' ħruġ permezz tal-Ħadid Proċess, li kienet mimlija toqob, u permezz ta' dimostrazzjonijiet tal-massa (“Aħna l-poplu”) u wasslu għar-riżenja ta' Honecker. Fid-9 ta' Novembru, 1989, l-għoti tal-libertà tal-moviment mit-tmexxija tal-GDR wasslet għal stampede tal-massa u l-ftuħ tal-qsim tal-fruntiera tal-Ħajt ta' Berlin. Ibda bil-programm ta' għaxar punti tiegħu ta' Novembru tard, Kohl idderieġa l-avvenimenti lejn l-għaqda nazzjonali ("Aħna poplu wieħed") filwaqt li żamm rabtiet militari u politiċi mal-Punent. Fl-ewwel elezzjonijiet ħielsa għall-Kamra tal-Poplu fit-18 ta' Marzu, 1990, rebħet l-alleanza tal-partit “Alleanza għall-Ġermanja”, immexxija mis-CDU tal-Lvant, li ttamat għal riunifikazzjoni rapida. Dan ġie nnegozjat fix-xhur ta' wara fit-Trattat ta' Unifikazzjoni u mar-rappreżentanti tal-Alleati fi ħdan il-qafas tat-“Żewġ u Erba’ Taħditiet”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il-Ġermanja_riunifikata_(mill-1990)"><span id="Il-.C4.A0ermanja_riunifikata_.28mill-1990.29"></span>Il-Ġermanja riunifikata (mill-1990)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Il-Ġermanja riunifikata (mill-1990)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section's source code: Il-Ġermanja riunifikata (mill-1990)"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:BRD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/BRD.png/220px-BRD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/BRD.png/330px-BRD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/BRD.png/440px-BRD.png 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="2537" /></a><figcaption>Il-fruntieri esterni tal-Ġermanja mir-riunifikazzjoni fl-1990; il-fruntieri interni juru status wara d-29 ta' Ġunju, 1993.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ir-riunifikazzjoni Ġermaniża tlestiet fit-3 ta' Ottubru, 1990 bl-adeżjoni tal-GDR mar-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja; Din il-ġurnata tal-għaqda Ġermaniża saret festa nazzjonali. It-Trattat Two Plus Four, li daħal fis-seħħ fl-1991, fl-aħħar solviet il-kwistjoni Ġermaniża: l-erba 'poteri rrinunzjaw is-setgħat sovrani tagħhom, it-truppi tagħhom ħallew il-pajjiż fl-aħħar tal-1994, u l-Ġermanja riunifikata rċeviet is-sovranità statali sħiħa tagħha. Huwa wiegħed li jiddiżarma massimu ta' 370,000 suldat. Bit-trattat tal-fruntiera bejn il-Ġermanja u l-Polonja ffirmat f'Varsavja fl-14 ta' Novembru, 1990, il-Ġermanja rrikonoxxiet il-fruntiera Oder-Neisse; It-territorju lejn il-lvant eventwalment sar Pollakk taħt il-liġi internazzjonali. Dan kien ikkumplimentat minn politika ta' rikonċiljazzjoni mal-ġirien tagħha tal-Lvant, l-ewwel mal-Polonja fl-1991 u mbagħad mar-Repubblika Ċeka fl-1997. F'termini ta 'politika barranija, il-gvern federali tal-Kanċillier Kohl sostna integrazzjoni aktar profonda mal-formazzjoni tal-Unjoni Ewropea, l-espansjoni sussegwenti tal-UE lejn il-lvant, u l-introduzzjoni tal-ewro. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:SoziodemographieDeutschlandsNachDerWiedervereinigung.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SoziodemographieDeutschlandsNachDerWiedervereinigung.png/220px-SoziodemographieDeutschlandsNachDerWiedervereinigung.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SoziodemographieDeutschlandsNachDerWiedervereinigung.png/330px-SoziodemographieDeutschlandsNachDerWiedervereinigung.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/SoziodemographieDeutschlandsNachDerWiedervereinigung.png/440px-SoziodemographieDeutschlandsNachDerWiedervereinigung.png 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption>Dejta soċjoekonomika mid-disgħinijiet: telf qawwi tal-popolazzjoni u qgħad massiv fl-istati federali l-ġodda</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Bundestag għamel lil Berlin il-kapitali fl-1991, li għaliha marru l-gvern u l-parlament fl-1999 (ara l-bini tar-Reichstag u d-distrett tal-gvern). Wara żieda qawwija fir-riunifikazzjoni qasira, id-disgħinijiet kienu kkaratterizzati minn staġnar ekonomiku, qgħad tal-massa, u "riforma b'lura." B'mod partikolari, il-pajjiżi l-ġodda ma żviluppawx malajr kemm mistenni wara l-introduzzjoni tal-ekonomija tas-suq (“pajsaġġi li jiffjorixxu”). Mill-1991 sal-1993 kien hemm mewġa ta' rewwixti kontra dawk li jfittxu l-ażil. Kien biss fis-snin 2000 li l-istati l-ġodda stabbilizzaw soċjalment u ekonomikament. </p><p>Fl-elezzjoni federali tal-1998, il-koalizzjoni iswed-isfar ta' Kohl tilfet il-maġġoranza tagħha fil-Bundestag, l-ex partiti tal-oppożizzjoni SPD u Alliance 90/The Greens iffurmaw l-ewwel koalizzjoni aħmar-aħdar taħt il-Kanċillier Gerhard Schröder (SPD), li kkawża bidliet profondi fil- politika soċjali, tal-pensjoni u tas-saħħa. L-ekoloġija saret aktar importanti, pereżempju mal-bidu tat-tneħħija gradwali tal-enerġija nukleari. Il-liberalizzazzjonijiet soċjo-politiċi inkludew il-liġi tal-unjoni ċivili u liġi ġdida taċ-ċittadinanza. L-ewwel missjoni ta' ġlieda mis-suldati Ġermaniżi mit-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija – fil-Gwerra tal-Kosovo fl-1999 – immarkat bidla fil-politika barranija. Wara l-attakki terroristiċi tal-11 ta' Settembru, 2001, Schröder assigura lill-Istati Uniti b’“solidarjetà bla restrizzjonijiet”; Il-Ġermanja pparteċipat fil-Gwerra tal-Afganistan, iżda mhux fil-Gwerra tal-Iraq, li għamlet lill-"Kanċillier tal-paċi" Schröder popolari. </p><p>It-tieni mandat ta' Schröder mill-2002 kien ikkaratterizzat mill-Aġenda 2010 u r-riformi assoċjati tas-suq tax-xogħol tal-kunċett Hartz. Il-benefiċċji soċjali għall-persuni qiegħda tnaqqsu u marbuta ma' miżuri ta' appoġġ individwali, li dawk affettwati qiesu bħala inġusti. Dan wassal għal protesti madwar il-Ġermanja u indirettament għal elezzjoni federali bikrija fl-2005, u wara Angela Merkel (CDU) daħlet fil-gvern bħala l-ewwel kanċillier mara tal-Ġermanja. Il-koalizzjoni kbira tiegħu ffaċċjat fallimenti bankarji matul il-kriżi finanzjarja globali u r-riċessjoni kbira li segwiet. Wara li għelbet dan, il-Ġermanja esperjenzat boom ekonomiku sostnut u tnaqqis sostnut fil-qgħad. Minn dakinhar 'l hawn, il-kriżi tal-euro (li bdiet fl-2010) u l-kriżi tar-refuġjati fl-Ewropa li bdiet fl-2015 irrappreżentaw l-aktar sfidi politiċi importanti, li l-isplużjoni ekonomika għamlithom ħafna aktar faċli biex jingħelbu. Madankollu, iż-żewġ avvenimenti wasslu wkoll għal diskrezzjoni soċjali konsiderevoli u tisħiħ tal-movimenti Iżlamofobiċi u xettiċi tal-UE (Pegida, Alternattiva għall-Ġermanja). Bil-legalizzazzjoni taż-żwiġijiet bejn persuni tal-istess sess, l-introduzzjoni tat-tielet sess fiż-żwiġijiet ċivili, u t-twaqqif tal-konskrizzjoni fil-Bundeswehr, il-Ġermanja stinkat għal liberalizzazzjoni akbar tas-soċjetà tagħha. </p><p>Angela Merkel temmet l-aħħar mill-erba' mandati tagħha fil-kariga matul il-pandemija tal-COVID-19, li għaliha l-Ġermanja wieġbet b'restrizzjonijiet temporanji fuq il-ħajja ekonomika, kulturali u pubblika u kkumbattuha bi programmi nazzjonali ta' tilqim, inkluż il-vaċċin ġdid tal-mRNA tozinameran żviluppat fil-Ġermanja. beda. Il-maġġoranza l-kbira tal-Ġermaniżi appoġġaw il-miżuri biex tiġi miġġielda l-pandemija. Madankollu, minn naħa waħda, il-pandemija żvelat tfixkil soċjali u ekonomiku fi ħdan is-soċjetà Ġermaniża, is-sistema tal-kura tas-saħħa Ġermaniża, u r-ritard teknoloġiku tal-Ġermanja meta mqabbla ma 'pajjiżi oħra tal-Punent. Min-naħa l-oħra, movimenti ta' protesta mmobilizzati kontra miżuri biex tiġi miġġielda l-pandemija u indirizzaw speċifikament il-biżgħat tal-popolazzjoni rigward it-tilqim. Wara l-elezzjoni federali tal-2021, Merkel ġiet sostitwita minn Olaf Scholz (SPD) u s-CDU, li qabel kienu ggvernaw f'koalizzjoni, b'koalizzjoni aħmar-aħdar-isfar. Dan ikompli t-trasformazzjoni diġitali tal-Ġermanja kif ukoll it-transizzjoni tat-trasport u l-enerġija lejn sorsi ta' enerġija sostenibbli li bdew minħabba t-tibdil fil-klima. </p><p>L-attakk Russu fuq l-Ukrajna fl-2022 wassal għal sanzjonijiet ekonomiċi estensivi mill-Punent kontra r-Russja, li fiha pparteċipat ukoll il-Ġermanja. Fost affarijiet oħra, il-Ġermanja waqqfet l-ikkummissjonar tal-pipeline tal-gass Nord Stream 2. L-ekonomija Ġermaniża, li kienet saret dipendenti fuq il-gass Russu, kellha taċċetta inflazzjoni qawwija fis-settur tal-enerġija. Il-Ġermanja appoġġat lill-Ukrajna finanzjarjament u bil-provvista ta' armi li jiswew diversi biljuni ta' ewro, kif ukoll permezz ta' taħriġ militari ta' suldati Ukraini fuq art Ġermaniża fi ħdan il-qafas tal-Missjoni ta' Assistenza Militari tal-Unjoni Ewropea għall-Ukrajna. Aktar minn miljun refuġjat tal-gwerra Ukraini fittxew protezzjoni fil-Ġermanja. L-Ukraini fil-Ġermanja saru (mill-aħħar tal-2022) it-tieni l-akbar grupp ta' popolazzjoni barranija, wara t-Torok fil-Ġermanja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politika">Politika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Politika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section's source code: Politika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundazzjoni_tal-stat">Fundazzjoni tal-stat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Fundazzjoni tal-stat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section's source code: Fundazzjoni tal-stat"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Berlin_Reichstag_BW_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_Reichstag_BW_1.jpg/220px-Berlin_Reichstag_BW_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_Reichstag_BW_1.jpg/330px-Berlin_Reichstag_BW_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Berlin_Reichstag_BW_1.jpg/440px-Berlin_Reichstag_BW_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2318" data-file-height="3476" /></a><figcaption>Bini tar-Reichstag f'Berlin, sede tal-Bundestag Ġermaniż; Quddiemha hemm il-bandiera tal-għaqda, li ilha tittajjar kontinwament mit-3 ta' Ottubru, 1990.</figcaption></figure> <p>Skont id-duttrina prevalenti u l-ġurisprudenza stabbilita tal-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali, ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja bħala Stat u suġġett tad-dritt internazzjonali hija identika għall-Imperu Ġermaniż u l-predeċessur tiegħu, il-Konfederazzjoni tal-Ġermanja tat-Tramuntana, u għalhekk ilha fil-kontinwità tal-istat minn mindu 'l hawn. 1867 (ara Sitwazzjoni legali tal-Ġermanja wara l-1945). Kostituzzjonijiet storikament differenti jipprovdu informazzjoni dwar l-awto-immaġni tal-istat rispettiv. Wara li l-Ġermanja ġiet okkupata mill-Erbgħa Poteri, il-poteri rebbieħa tat-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija, fl-1945, il-Liġi Bażika tar-Repubblika Federali ħarġet fil-Ġermanja tal-Punent ġiet ipproklamata fit-23 ta' Mejju, 1949 u daħlet fis-seħħ l-għada. L-ambitu tiegħu kien limitat mid-diviżjoni tal-Ġermanja u, sal-1955, mill-Istatut tal-Okkupazzjoni. Fil-parti tal-Lvant tal-Ġermanja, il-GDR twaqqfet bħala stat indipendenti fis-7 ta' Ottubru, 1949 u rċeviet kostituzzjoni li ġiet sostitwita fl-1968 u riveduta fl-1974. Il-Liġi Bażika tilfet il-karattru proviżorju tagħha bir-riunifikazzjoni u l-GDR daħlet fl-ambitu tagħha ta' applikazzjoni fit-3 ta' Ottubru, 1990. Bit-tmiem tar-responsabbiltà ta' Erba' Qawwa, il-Ġermanja magħquda kisbet sovranità sħiħa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorju_nazzjonali">Territorju nazzjonali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Territorju nazzjonali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section's source code: Territorju nazzjonali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It-territorju nazzjonali tal-Ġermanja jirriżulta mit-totalità tat-territorji nazzjonali tal-pajjiżi tagħha. It-territorju ġie estiż darbtejn bl-adeżjoni skont l-Artikolu 23 sentenza 2 tal-verżjoni l-antika tal-Liġi Bażika: fl-1957 biex jinkludi s-Saarland, fl-1990 biex jinkludi ż-żona tal-adeżjoni tal-GDR u Berlin (parti tal-Lvant ta' Berlin u tal-Punent parti). -Staaken). </p><p>Iż-żona ekonomika esklussiva fl-ibħra tat-Tramuntana u tal-Baltiku mhijiex parti mit-territorju nazzjonali. Il-kors tal-fruntiera tal-istat issa huwa ffissat, ħlief f'xi partijiet tal-Lag ta' Constance. </p><p>L-uniku condominium eżistenti fil-Ġermanja huwa t-territorju konġunt Ġermaniż-Lussemburgiż, li jifforma x-xmajjar Moselle, Sauer u Our fuq il-fruntiera bejn il-Gran Dukat tal-Lussemburgu u r-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja (ma 'l-stati ta' Rhineland-Palatinate u Saarland). Din tmur lura għall-Att tal-Kungress ta' Vjenna tad-9 ta' Ġunju, 1815, li r-regoli tiegħu ġew ikkonfermati fi trattat tal-fruntiera fl-1984. Iż-żona hija l-unika żona mhux inkorporata fl-stati ta' Rhineland-Palatinate u Saarland. </p><p>Il-kwistjoni tal-fruntiera bejn il-Ġermanja u l-Olanda fiż-żona Ems - Dollart (→ Reġjun Ems Dollart) għadha kontroversjali minħabba li ż-żewġ stati ġirien iżommu l-pożizzjonijiet legali inkompatibbli tagħhom fuq il-fruntiera. Fi ħdan il-Ġermanja, it-tqassim tal-fruntieri statali bejn Schleswig-Holstein, is-Sassonja t'Isfel u possibbilment Hamburg fiż-żona ta' Lower Elbe ma ġiex iċċarat b'mod konklużiv. L-Istati rregolaw responsabbiltajiet amministrattivi u ġudizzjarji għal dan il-qasam permezz ta' ftehimiet amministrattivi u trattati internazzjonali, iżda s-sovranità territorjali mhijiex iċċarata. It-tilwima bejn l-istati ta' Baden-Württemberg u Hesse dwar l-affiljazzjoni kostituzzjonali tal-muniċipalità ta’ Bad Wimpfen, inkorporata f’Baden-Württemberg, lanqas ma ġiet iċċarata għal kollox. </p><p>Partijiet esklussivi tat-territorju nazzjonali Ġermaniż huma Büsingen fuq ir-Rhine ta' Fuq f'Baden-Württemberg, li hija mdawra mill-Isvizzera u li tappartjeni għat-territorju doganali Żvizzeru, kif ukoll xi żoni żgħar ta' North Rhine-Westphalia li huma separati miż-żona ewlenija ta' Il-Ġermanja mill-binarju Belġjan Vennbahn, li huwa wiesa' ftit metri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistema_politika">Sistema politika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=47" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Sistema politika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section's source code: Sistema politika"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Politisches_System_Deutschlands_neu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Politisches_System_Deutschlands_neu.svg/220px-Politisches_System_Deutschlands_neu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Politisches_System_Deutschlands_neu.svg/330px-Politisches_System_Deutschlands_neu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Politisches_System_Deutschlands_neu.svg/440px-Politisches_System_Deutschlands_neu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Sistema politika tar-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Liġi Bażika (GG) hija l-kostituzzjoni tar-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja. Il-kap tal-istat huwa l-president federali, li l-funzjonijiet tiegħu huma prinċipalment rappreżentattivi. Huwa elett mill-Assemblea Federali. Huwa segwit f'termini ta' protokoll mill-president tal-Bundestag Ġermaniż, il-Kanċillier federali, l-aġent president tal-Bundesrat, li jirrappreżenta lill-president federali, u l-president tal-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali. Is-sede tal-korp kostituzzjonali federali hija l-kapitali federali, Berlin (l-artikolu 3, paragrafu 3, il-Liġi ta' Berlin/Bonn). </p><p>L-Artikolu 20 GG jistipula - garantit mill-klawsola ta' l-eternità - li l-Ġermanja għandha torganizza ruħha bħala Stat demokratiku, soċjali, kostituzzjonali u federali. Is-sistema tal-gvern hija demokrazija parlamentari. Il-federalità hija maqsuma f'żewġ livelli fis-sistema politika: il-livell federali, li jirrappreżenta l-istat kollu tal-Ġermanja esternament, u l-livell statali, li jeżisti f'kull wieħed mis-16-il stat federali. Kull livell għandu l-korpi statali tiegħu stess tal-eżekuttiv (fergħa eżekuttiva), leġiżlattiva (fergħa leġiżlattiva) u ġudizzjarja (fergħa ġudizzjarja). L-istati, min-naħa tagħhom, jiddeterminaw l-ordni tal-bliet u l-komunitajiet tagħhom; Pereżempju, ħames pajjiżi huma maqsuma f'total ta' 22 distrett amministrattiv. Il-pajjiżi taw lilhom infushom il-kostituzzjonijiet tagħhom; Fil-prinċipju għandhom kwalità statali, iżda huma suġġetti limitati tal-liġi internazzjonali li huma permessi biss jikkonkludu t-trattati tagħhom stess ma' stati oħra bil-kunsens tal-gvern federali (Art. 32 Para. 3, Art. 24 Para. 1 GG) . Ir-Repubblika Federali tista' titqies bħala l-unjoni kostituzzjonali ta' l-stati federati tagħha u biss imbagħad tikseb karattru statali, jiġifieri, hija stat federali fil-veru sens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leġiżlatura"><span id="Le.C4.A1i.C5.BClatura"></span>Leġiżlatura</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=48" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Leġiżlatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section's source code: Leġiżlatura"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-korpi leġiżlattivi tal-gvern federali huma l-Bundestag Ġermaniż, il-Bundesrat u, f'każ ta' difiża, il-Kumitat Konġunt taħt kundizzjonijiet oħra. Il-liġijiet federali huma approvati mill-Bundestag b'maġġoranza sempliċi. Dawn isiru effettivi jekk il-Kunsill Federali ma jkunx qajjem oġġezzjonijiet jew approvahom (art. 77 GG). Huwa possibbli biss li tiġi emendata l-Liġi Bażika b'maġġoranza ta' żewġ terzi tal-membri tal-Bundestag u l-Bundesrat (Art. 79, paragrafu 2 GG). Fl-istati federali, il-parlamenti statali jiddeċiedu l-liġijiet tal-istat federali tagħhom. Għalkemm il-membri parlamentari mhumiex suġġetti għal struzzjonijiet skont il-Liġi Bażika (l-Artikolu 38 tal-Liġi Bażika), fil-prattika leġiżlattiva huma jiddominaw id-deċiżjonijiet preliminari tal-partijiet involuti fil-formazzjoni tar-rieda politika (l-Artikolu 21 tal-Liġi Bażika ). </p><p>Ir-responsabbiltà għall-leġislazzjoni hija tal-istati federati, sakemm il-gvern federali ma jkollux awtorità leġiżlattiva (artikoli 70 sa 72 GG), jiġifieri leġiżlazzjoni esklussiva jew, f'ċerti każijiet, kuntrarja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eżekuttiv"><span id="E.C5.BCekuttiv"></span>Eżekuttiv</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=49" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Eżekuttiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section's source code: Eżekuttiv"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Frank-Walter_Steinmeier_-_2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Frank-Walter_Steinmeier_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Frank-Walter_Steinmeier_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Frank-Walter_Steinmeier_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1749" data-file-height="2398" /></a><figcaption>L-aġent president federali</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:2021-09-12_Politik,_TV-Triell_Bundestagswahl_2021_1DX_3801_by_Stepro_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2021-09-12_Politik%2C_TV-Triell_Bundestagswahl_2021_1DX_3801_by_Stepro_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2021-09-12_Politik%2C_TV-Triell_Bundestagswahl_2021_1DX_3801_by_Stepro_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2021-09-12_Politik%2C_TV-Triell_Bundestagswahl_2021_1DX_3801_by_Stepro_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2021-09-12_Politik%2C_TV-Triell_Bundestagswahl_2021_1DX_3801_by_Stepro_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2021-09-12_Politik%2C_TV-Triell_Bundestagswahl_2021_1DX_3801_by_Stepro_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2021-09-12_Politik%2C_TV-Triell_Bundestagswahl_2021_1DX_3801_by_Stepro_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2140" /></a><figcaption>Aġent Kanċillier Federali Olaf Scholz</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-fergħa eżekuttiva hija ffurmata fil-livell federali mill-gvern federali, li jikkonsisti mill-Kanċillier Federali bħala kap tal-gvern u l-ministri federali. Il-ministeri federali kollha għandhom uffiċċju f'Berlin u ieħor fil-belt federali ta' Bonn; xi wħud għandhom l-ewwel kwartieri ġenerali uffiċjali tagħhom f’Bonn. Fil-livell tal-istat, il-Prim Ministru jmexxi l-fergħa eżekuttiva, fil-bliet-stati ta' Hamburg u Bremen, il-presidenti tas-Senat, u f'Berlin, is-sindku fil-gvern imexxi l-fergħa eżekuttiva. L-istati federali huma wkoll demokraziji parlamentari u l-kapijiet tal-gvern tagħhom huma eletti mill-parlamenti tal-istat, iċ-ċittadini u l-Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti ta' Berlin. L-amministrazzjonijiet federali u statali huma mmexxija minn ministri speċjalizzati. </p><p>Il-Kanċillier Federali jiġi elett mill-Bundestag b'maġġoranza tal-membri tiegħu, fuq rakkomandazzjoni tal-President Federali (art. 63 GG). Il-mandat tiegħu jintemm bil-perjodu elettorali tal-Bundestag (Art. 69.2 GG); Qabel ma jiskadi, il-Kanċillier Federali jista' biss iħalli l-kariga kontra r-rieda tiegħu jekk il-Bundestag jeleġġi suċċessur b'maġġoranza tal-membri tiegħu (art. 67 GG, l-hekk imsejjaħ vot kostruttiv ta' sfiduċja). Il-ministri federali jinħatru fuq rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kanċillier Federali (Art. 64 Para. 1 GG); Huma u l-Kanċillier Federali jiffurmaw il-gvern federali (Art. 62 GG), li l-awtorità tad-direttiva tiegħu tikkorrispondi mal-Kanċillier Federali (Art. 65 Sentenza 1 GG). Il-kompitu tat-tmexxija fid-“Demokrazija tal-Kanċillier” Ġermaniża jaqa' f'idejn il-Kanċillier Federali. Il-Kanċillier isemmi wkoll il-kandidat Ġermaniż għall-kariga ta' Kummissarju tal-UE. </p><p>L-eżerċizzju tas-setgħat statali u l-applikazzjoni tal-liġijiet federali huma fundamentalment ir-responsabbiltà tal-istati federali, sakemm ma jkunx stabbilit jew permess regolament differenti mil-Liġi Bażika (Art. 30, Art. 83 GG). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baġit_tal-Stat"><span id="Ba.C4.A1it_tal-Stat"></span>Baġit tal-Stat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=50" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Baġit tal-Stat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section's source code: Baġit tal-Stat"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundeshaushaltsplan_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bundeshaushaltsplan_2011.png/220px-Bundeshaushaltsplan_2011.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bundeshaushaltsplan_2011.png/330px-Bundeshaushaltsplan_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bundeshaushaltsplan_2011.png/440px-Bundeshaushaltsplan_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="1178" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Pjan tal-baġit federali 2011. L-infiq soċjali individwali u l-pjanijiet tad-dejn federali waħedhom jeliminaw aktar minn nofs il-finanzi annwali</figcaption></figure> <p>Fl-2021, il-baġit tal-Stat kellu dħul minn taxxi, miżati u ħlasijiet parafiskali ta' 1,629 miljun ewro u spejjeż ta' 1,762 miljun ewro. Mid-dħul, €833 biljun kien dħul mit-taxxa minn gvernijiet federali, statali, lokali u tal-UE. Minħabba ż-żieda fin-numru ta' impjegati soġġetti għal kontribuzzjonijiet soċjali għal madwar 33 miljun u ż-żieda fis-salarji, dħul importanti mit-taxxa bħat-taxxa fuq id-dħul u t-taxxa fuq il-bejgħ jibqa' f'livell perċentwali għoli għall-istat. </p><p>Skont ir-rapport tad-Deutsche Bundesbank, id-dejn pubbliku tal-Ġermanja kien jammonta għal madwar €2.5 biljun fl-2021. Bi prodott gross domestiku ta' madwar 3.6 biljun ewro għall-2021, il-proporzjon tad-dejn nazzjonali kien jikkorrispondi għal madwar 70 fil-mija tal-prodott gross domestiku. Fl-2005, id-dejn pubbliku tar-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja kien jammonta għal 1,541 miljun ewro. Bi prodott gross domestiku ta' madwar 2,281 miljun ewro fl-2005, dan kien jikkorrispondi għal proporzjon ta' dejn pubbliku ta' 67%. </p><p>Ir-Repubblika Federali, li l-bonds tal-gvern tagħha jissejħu bonds federali, tirċievi l-aħjar klassifikazzjoni tal-kreditu possibbli mit-tliet aġenziji tal-klassifikazzjoni ewlenin Standard & Poor's, Moody's u Fitch. Id-domanda għal titoli, li huma meqjusa bħala investimenti sikuri, naqqset b'mod sinifikanti r-rati tal-imgħax f'dawn l-aħħar snin u, f'xi każijiet, saħansitra wasslet għal rati tal-imgħax negattivi, li kienet waħda mir-raġunijiet ewlenin għas-surplus tal-baġit tal-Ġermanja. </p><p>Minbarra diversi taxxi tat-traffiku (eż. taxxa fuq il-bejgħ), l-istat jiġġenera parti kbira mid-dħul tiegħu minn taxxi fuq id-dħul u l-profitti: dawn jinkludu t-taxxa fuq id-dħul, it-taxxa fuq il-kumpanniji u t-taxxa fuq il-kummerċ. Jekk il-prodotti jew is-servizzi huma soġġetti għat-taxxa tal-bejgħ, ir-rata tat-taxxa fil-Ġermanja hija 19 fil-mija (rata ġenerali) jew 7 fil-mija (rata mnaqqsa, eż. ikel). B'mod kolokwali u fil-liġi tal-UE, it-taxxa tal-bejgħ tissejjaħ ukoll VAT. Skont studju tal-OECD tal-2014, il-Ġermaniżi għandhom l-ogħla piż tat-taxxa fid-dinja minħabba taxxi għoljin u kontribuzzjonijiet oħra bħall-kontribuzzjonijiet tas-sigurtà soċjali, anke qabel l-istati tal-welfare Skandinavi. Madankollu, it-tassazzjoni tad-dħul biss kienet ikkunsidrata. Jekk inħarsu lejn ir-rata tat-taxxa (proporzjon ta' taxxi u kontribuzzjonijiet tas-sigurtà soċjali mal-prodott gross domestiku), il-Ġermanja tikklassifika fid-disa' fost il-pajjiżi tal-OECD, skont studju tal-OECD tal-2021. </p><p>Skont studju ppubblikat min-NU, il-Ġermanja hija waħda mill-pajjiżi l-aktar lesti li jiffinanzjaw beni pubbliċi permezz tat-taxxi. Il-gvern federali kultant jista 'jikseb self fit-tul (sa għaxar snin) b'rati ta' imgħax negattivi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partiti_politiċi"><span id="Partiti_politi.C4.8Bi"></span>Partiti politiċi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=51" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Partiti politiċi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section's source code: Partiti politiċi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:German_parliamentary_elections_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/German_parliamentary_elections_diagram.svg/220px-German_parliamentary_elections_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/German_parliamentary_elections_diagram.svg/330px-German_parliamentary_elections_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/German_parliamentary_elections_diagram.svg/440px-German_parliamentary_elections_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>It-tieni voti fl-elezzjonijiet federali mill-1949 u l-gvernijiet federali</figcaption></figure> <p>Skont l-Artikolu 21 tal-Liġi Bażika, il-partiti jipparteċipaw fil-formazzjoni tar-rieda politika tal-poplu. L-ispettru tal-partiti huwa magħmul mill-partiti rappreżentati fil-Bundestag; dejjem inkludiet il-partiti popolari, l-SPD u l-partiti tal-Unjoni (fil-gruppi parlamentari CDU u CSU). Mill-partiti l-oħra, wara l-elezzjoni federali tal-2021, hemm rappreżentati wkoll ix-Xellug u l-Ħodor, l-SSW, kif ukoll l-AfD u l-FDP; L-SSW hija rappreżentata fil-Bundestag għall-ewwel darba mill-elezzjoni federali tal-1949. </p><p>Il-partiti kollha msemmija huma rappreżentati fil-gruppi politiċi tal-Parlament Ewropew. L-organizzazzjonijiet taż-żgħażagħ jappoġġjaw kważi l-partiti influwenti kollha, u organizzazzjonijiet politiċi oħra ta' quddiem jinkludu rappreżentanti tal-istudenti, assoċjazzjonijiet tal-istudenti, organizzazzjonijiet tan-nisa u tal-anzjani, assoċjazzjonijiet tan-negozju, organizzazzjonijiet lokali u assoċjazzjonijiet internazzjonali. Il-fondazzjonijiet tal-partiti jgħinu biex jiddeterminaw id-diskors politiku, legalment indipendenti mill-partiti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politika_ewropea">Politika ewropea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=52" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Politika ewropea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section's source code: Politika ewropea"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-Ġermanja hija membru fundatur tal-Kunsill tal-Ewropa u l-Komunitajiet Ewropej, li kibru flimkien biex jiffurmaw l-Unjoni Ewropea (UE) politika fid-disgħinijiet permezz tal-bidu prinċipalment integrazzjoni ekonomika. Ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja ssieħbet fl-Unjoni Monetarja Ewropea fl-1990 u hija parti mis-Suq Uniku Ewropew. L-euro ilu introdott bħala mezz ta' ħlas mill-2002 u ħa post il-marka Ġermaniża fir-Repubblika Federali. Il-Ġermanja hija wkoll parti miż-żona Schengen u mill-kooperazzjoni ġudizzjarja u tal-pulizija bl-għajnuna tal-Europol u l-Eurojust. Il-politika barranija u ta' sigurtà komuni ta' l-UE tiddetermina l-politika barranija Ġermaniża. Il-qafas legali tal-politika Ewropea Ġermaniża fl-UE huwa stabbilit mill-Artikolu 23 tal-Liġi Bażika. </p><p>L-Uffiċċju Ewropew tal-Privattivi (Munich) u bosta istituzzjonijiet tal-UE huma bbażati fil-Ġermanja: il-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew fi Frankfurt am Main, l-awtorità superviżorja tal-assigurazzjoni tal-UE wkoll fi Frankfurt u l-Aġenzija Ewropea għas-Sigurtà tal-Avjazzjoni f'Cologne. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja kellha l-presidenza tal-Kunsill tal-Unjoni Ewropea tlettax-il darba, l-aktar reċenti fit-tieni nofs tal-2020 taħt il-motto “Flimkien. "Agħmel l-Ewropa b'saħħitha mill-ġdid." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politika_barranija_u_ta'_sigurtà"><span id="Politika_barranija_u_ta.27_sigurt.C3.A0"></span>Politika barranija u ta' sigurtà</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=53" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Politika barranija u ta' sigurtà" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section's source code: Politika barranija u ta' sigurtà"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Plenarsaal_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Parlaments_in_Br%C3%BCssel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Plenarsaal_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Parlaments_in_Br%C3%BCssel.jpg/220px-Plenarsaal_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Parlaments_in_Br%C3%BCssel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Plenarsaal_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Parlaments_in_Br%C3%BCssel.jpg/330px-Plenarsaal_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Parlaments_in_Br%C3%BCssel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Plenarsaal_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Parlaments_in_Br%C3%BCssel.jpg/440px-Plenarsaal_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Parlaments_in_Br%C3%BCssel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5124" data-file-height="3366" /></a><figcaption>Sala Plenarja tal-Parlament Ewropew fi Brussell. Il-Ġermanja hija waħda mis-27 stat membru tal-<a href="/wiki/Unjoni_Ewropea" title="Unjoni Ewropea">Unjoni Ewropea</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:33rdG8Leaders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/33rdG8Leaders.jpg/220px-33rdG8Leaders.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/33rdG8Leaders.jpg/330px-33rdG8Leaders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/33rdG8Leaders.jpg/440px-33rdG8Leaders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Ir-Repubblika Federali hija membru fundatur tas-summit G8 (issa G7) u G20 (G8 (issa G7) f'Heiligendamm, 2007).</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-prinċipji gwida tal-politika barranija Ġermaniża huma rabtiet mal-Punent u l-integrazzjoni Ewropea. Is-sħubija fl-alleanza transatlantika tad-difiża tan-NATO kienet ċentrali għall-politika tas-sigurtà mill-1955. </p><p>Matul il-Gwerra Bierda, l-ambitu tal-politika barranija tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent kien limitat. Ir-riunifikazzjoni kienet meqjusa bħala waħda mill-aktar għanijiet importanti. L-operazzjonijiet militari barranin kienu barra mill-kwistjoni. Skont il-Liġi Bażika, il-Bundeswehr ma tistax tipparteċipa fi gwerer ta' aggressjoni; Il-missjoni tagħhom hija biss li jiddefendu l-pajjiż u l-alleanzi. Il-"Ostpolitik il-Ġdida" mibdija mill-koalizzjoni soċjali-liberali fl-1969 taħt l-islogan Bidla permezz tar-ravviċinament, li l-alleati importanti inizjalment qiesu b'xettiċiżmu, irnexxielha twaqqaf it-triq tagħha stess u kompliet mill-gvern liberali-konservattiv ta' Helmut Kohl mill-1982. . Sa mir-riunifikazzjoni, il-Ġermanja kellha responsabbiltà internazzjonali akbar; Mill-1991, il-Bundeswehr ilha involuta f'operazzjonijiet taż-żamma tal-paċi u l-infurzar tal-paċi barra l-Ġermanja u t-territorju tal-alleati tan-NATO, taħt is-superviżjoni tal-Bundestag u flimkien mal-armati alleati (operazzjonijiet barra miż-żona). Il-gvern federali aħmar-aħdar ta' Gerhard Schröder ċaħad il-gwerra tal-Iraq fl-2003 u għalhekk oppona l-alleat importanti l-Istati Uniti. </p><p>Tradizzjonalment, il-Ġermanja, flimkien ma' Franza, għandha rwol ewlieni fl-Unjoni Ewropea. Il-Ġermanja qed tmexxi sforzi biex toħloq politika barranija u ta' sigurtà Ewropea uniformi u effettiva lil hinn mill-unjoni ekonomika u monetarja. Għanijiet oħra ta' politika barranija jinkludu l-implimentazzjoni tal-Protokoll ta' Kjoto dwar il-protezzjoni tal-klima u r-rikonoxximent globali tal-Qorti Kriminali Internazzjonali. Il-Ġermanja hija speċjalment interessata f'soluzzjoni paċifika għall-kunflitt tal-Lvant Nofsani, xi ħaġa li tappoġġja prinċipalment permezz ta' opportunitajiet ta' kuntatt informali bejn il-partijiet involuti. Flimkien mal-alleati tagħha l-Gran Brittanja u Franza, ir-Repubblika Federali qed tipprova permezz tad-djalogu tikkonvinċi lill-Iran biex jabbanduna l-programm tal-enerġija nukleari tiegħu. </p><p>Fit-13 ta' Lulju, 2016, il-gvern federali adotta l-White Paper il-ġdida dwar il-politika tas-sigurtà u l-futur tal-Bundeswehr bħala l-iktar dokument bażiku importanti tal-politika tas-sigurtà fil-Ġermanja. </p><p>Il-politika tajba tal-Ġermanja u l-kooperazzjoni lejn il-Vjetnam minn dakinhar ikkontestati u miċħuda mill-germanes, migranti Vjetnamiżi u attivisti Vjetnamiżi inzak r-repressjoni u l-awtoritarjaniżmu li l-Vjetnam jimponi fuq il-bank tagħha stess. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militari">Militari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=54" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Militari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section's source code: Militari"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg/220px-Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg/330px-Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg/440px-Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>L-emblema nazzjonali tal-Bundeswehr: is-Salib tal-Ħadid. Din tmur lura għall-gwerer tal-ħelsien mill-1813 sal-1815.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wara li twaqqfet fl-1949, ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja inizjalment ma tħallietx toħloq il-forzi armati tagħha stess minħabba l-status ta' okkupazzjoni. Madankollu, taħt l-influwenza tal-Gwerra Koreana u s-Sovjelizzazzjoni tal-Ewropa tal-Lvant, ir-Repubblika Federali tħalliet toħloq fl-1951 il-Gwardja Federali tal-Fruntiera paramilitari bħala pulizija tal-fruntiera u, mill-1955, forzi armati bis-sħiħ li jissieħbu fin-NATO. Għalhekk, it-twaqqif ta' din il-Bundeswehr bħala prerekwiżit għall-adeżjoni kien kontribut sinifikanti għar-rabtiet mal-Punent u għalhekk għar-rikonoxximent internazzjonali tar-Repubblika Federali, iżda kien kontroversjali ħafna internament minħabba l-impatt tat-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija. Wara r-riunifikazzjoni fl-1990, partijiet mill-Armata Popolari Nazzjonali (NVA) tal-GDR ġew inkorporati f'dawn il-forzi armati. Mill-1956 sal-2011, skont l-Artikolu 12a tal-Liġi Bażika, ġie applikat servizz militari obbligatorju ġenerali fir-Repubblika Federali għall-irġiel kollha ta' aktar minn 18-il sena. Ġie sospiż fl-2011 u sostitwit b'servizz militari volontarju. Mill-2001 'l hawn, in-nisa kellhom ukoll aċċess bla restrizzjonijiet biex iservu fil-forzi armati. Il-proporzjon tagħhom huwa madwar 13 fil-mija tas-suldati (minn Lulju 2023). Madwar 1,600 suldat Ġermaniż ġew skjerati barra mill-pajjiż fl-2023 (minn Settembru 2023). </p><p>Il-Bundeswehr hija maqsuma fl-Armata, l-Air Force u l-Navy, kif ukoll l-oqsma organizzattivi ta' appoġġ tal-Bażi tal-Forzi Armati, is-Servizz Mediku Ċentrali u l-Ispazju Ċibernetiku u ta' Informazzjoni. Wara t-tmiem tal-Gwerra Bierda, il-qawwa totali tal-Bundeswehr tnaqqset gradwalment minn madwar 500,000 għal inqas minn 180,000 suldat fl-2015, wara li l-liġi internazzjonali stipula qawwa massima fi żmien il-paċi ta' 370,000 suldat Ġermaniż fit-Trattat. Is-sospensjoni tas-servizz militari obbligatorju fl-2011 fissret ukoll riforma komprensiva tal-Bundeswehr, li prinċipalment kienet tfisser l-istabbiliment ta' saħħa massima ta' 185,000 suldat u 55,000 impjegat ċivili. Barra minn hekk, in-numru ta' tagħmir tqil (tankijiet tal-battalja prinċipali, artillerija) tnaqqas b'mod sinifikanti. L-isfond għal dawn il-bidliet strutturali kien il-fokus tal-Bundeswehr minn nofs is-snin 90 fuq il-parteċipazzjoni f'missjonijiet internazzjonali tan-NU u tan-NATO, li għalihom kien meħtieġ inqas persunal militari u, fuq kollox, materjal eħfef u aktar skjerat. Bl-annessjoni tal-Krimea mir-Russja fl-2014 u l-gwerra madwar l-Ukrajna mill-2022, il-fokus tal-kompiti tal-Bundeswehr għal darb'oħra qaleb għad-difiża nazzjonali u tal-alleanza fi ħdan il-qafas tan-NATO u l-UE. </p><p>Il-Bundeswehr hija l-ewwel armata ta' stat nazzjonali Ġermaniż li tkun armata parlamentari, li l-operazzjonijiet tagħha huma deċiżi esklussivament mill-Bundestag fuq rakkomandazzjoni tal-gvern federali. Fi żmien il-paċi, il-kmandant in-kap ("id-detentur tal-awtorità li jikkmanda") huwa l-Ministru Federali tad-Difiża rispettiv; F'każ ta' difiża, din il-funzjoni tiġi trasferita lill-Kanċillier Federali. Il-fehim tal-Bundeswehr tat-tradizzjoni tbiegħed kemm mill-Wehrmacht tal-era Nazista kif ukoll mill-NVA. Jirreferi għar-riforma tal-armata Prussjana madwar l-1810, il-gwerer tal-ħelsien kontra Napuljun, ir-reżistenza militari kontra n-Nazzjonaliżmu u l-istorja tagħha stess (ara d-digriet tradizzjonali). Il-mudell "ċittadin bl-uniformi" japplika għas-suldati. Il-Kbir Tatwaġġ huwa meqjus bħala l-aktar ċerimonja militari importanti; Il-ġuramenti u l-ġuramenti tas-suldati, li spiss jittieħdu barra mill-installazzjonijiet militari, huma pubbliċi ħafna. </p><p>Fl-2024, ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja nefqet 71.75 biljun ewro fuq il-Bundeswehr. Dan jagħmel lill-Ġermanja wieħed mill-għaxar pajjiżi fid-dinja bl-ogħla baġits għad-difiża; B'sehem ta 'madwar 2.12 fil-mija tal-prodott gross domestiku, l-infiq Ġermaniż issa huwa ogħla mill-medja ta' 2.02 fil-mija tal-stati Ewropej tan-NATO u l-Kanada. Il-medja inkluża l-Istati Uniti hija 2.71%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dipartiment_tan-nar">Dipartiment tan-nar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=55" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Dipartiment tan-nar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section's source code: Dipartiment tan-nar"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Fire_in_a_tire_depot_-_2012_April_27th_-_M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf_-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fire_in_a_tire_depot_-_2012_April_27th_-_M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf_-7.jpg/220px-Fire_in_a_tire_depot_-_2012_April_27th_-_M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf_-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fire_in_a_tire_depot_-_2012_April_27th_-_M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf_-7.jpg/330px-Fire_in_a_tire_depot_-_2012_April_27th_-_M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf_-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fire_in_a_tire_depot_-_2012_April_27th_-_M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf_-7.jpg/440px-Fire_in_a_tire_depot_-_2012_April_27th_-_M%C3%B6rfelden-Walldorf_-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4776" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Pumpieri fuq xogħol f'Mörfelden-Walldorf (Hesse)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mill-2021, it-tifi tan-nar tal-Ġermanja kellha madwar 1,385,000 membru attiv, inklużi aktar minn 1,014,000 pompier voluntier, 35,800 pompier professjonali, 34,000 pompier tal-kumpanija u 301,000 żagħżugħ u tfal. Jaħdmu fi kważi 24,000 dipartiment tan-nar voluntier, 111 dipartiment tan-nar professjonali, 754 dipartiment tan-nar tal-kumpanija u 22,900 dipartiment tan-nar taż-żgħażagħ. Dik l-istess sena, il-pumpiera Ġermaniżi ssejħu għal aktar minn 4,344,500 missjoni. Kellhom jintefa 197,834 nirien, kellha tingħata assistenza teknika kważi 659,700 darba, operazzjonijiet ta' salvataġġ ta' emerġenza kellhom isiru madwar 2,437,000 darba u kellhom isiru 1,050,000 operazzjoni oħra oħra. Barra minn hekk, bosta miljuni ta' membri ta' appoġġ jappartjenu għal assoċjazzjonijiet lokali tas-servizz tan-nar. It-tifi tan-nar huma magħqudin permezz ta' assoċjazzjonijiet distrettwali tat-tifi tan-nar, eventwalment assoċjazzjonijiet distrettwali tat-tifi tan-nar u assoċjazzjonijiet statali tat-tifi tan-nar biex jiffurmaw l-Assoċjazzjoni Ġermaniża tat-tifi tan-nar, li tirrappreżentahom fl-Assoċjazzjoni Dinjija tal-Pompieri CTIF. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pulizija_u_servizzi_ta'_intelligence"><span id="Pulizija_u_servizzi_ta.27_intelligence"></span>Pulizija u servizzi ta' intelligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=56" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Pulizija u servizzi ta' intelligence" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section's source code: Pulizija u servizzi ta' intelligence"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:DSC_9248_(8739201218).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/DSC_9248_%288739201218%29.jpg/220px-DSC_9248_%288739201218%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/DSC_9248_%288739201218%29.jpg/330px-DSC_9248_%288739201218%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/DSC_9248_%288739201218%29.jpg/440px-DSC_9248_%288739201218%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption>Ħelikopter tal-Pulizija użat għall-Pulizija Federali (Gwardja tal-Fruntiera)</figcaption></figure> <p>Minħabba l-federaliżmu fil-Ġermanja, l-istati federali u b'mod partikolari l-pulizija tal-stat u l-uffiċċji tal-investigazzjoni kriminali tal-istat huma ġeneralment responsabbli għas-sigurtà interna tar-Repubblika Federali. Fi ħdan il-pulizija, ħafna drabi ssir distinzjoni bejn pulizija tal-protezzjoni, pulizija tal-irvellijiet, pulizija kriminali, unitajiet speċjali (bħal Kmand tal-Operazzjonijiet Speċjali (SEK) jew Kmand tal-Operazzjonijiet Mobbli (MEK)) u awtoritajiet regolatorji. Biex tinżamm l-ordni pubbliku, f'xi muniċipalitajiet għandhom ukoll l-appoġġ ta' uffiċċji tal-ordni pubbliku. </p><p>Madankollu, diversi organizzazzjonijiet jeżistu wkoll fil-livell federali biex jipproteġu s-sigurtà pubblika. Dan jinkludi b'mod partikolari l-Pulizija Federali (li qabel kienet il-Gwardja Federali tal-Fruntiera), li tieħu kompiti bħall-protezzjoni tal-fruntieri, il-pulizija tal-ferrovija u l-ġlieda kontra t-terroriżmu u żżomm ukoll l-unità speċjali GSG 9, kif ukoll l-Uffiċċju Federali tal-Pulizija Kriminali, li, fost affarijiet o[rajn, jipproseku/a reati spe/jalment serji. It-tnejn huma direttament subordinati għall-Ministeru Federali tal-Intern u l-Patrija. Barra minn hekk, hemm awtoritajiet tal-infurzar tal-Amministrazzjoni Federali Doganali (bħas-Servizz tal-Investigazzjoni Doganali, l-Uffiċċju tal-Investigazzjoni Kriminali tad-Dwana, u l-Grupp ta' Appoġġ Ċentrali tad-Dwana), li huma responsabbli għall-infurzar tat-taxxa, il-kummerċ u x-xogħol u jinfurmaw lill-Ministeru Federali dwar Finanzi. </p><p>Fil-Ġermanja hemm ukoll tliet servizzi ta' intelligence federali: Is-Servizz Federali ta' Intelliġenza ċivili (BND), bħala servizz ta' intelligence barrani, jiġbor u jevalwa informazzjoni ċivili u militari dwar pajjiżi barranin. Is-servizzi nazzjonali ta' intelligence responsabbli għall-kompiti ta' protezzjoni kostituzzjonali u kontro-intelliġenza huma l-Uffiċċju Federali għall-Protezzjoni tal-Kostituzzjoni (BfV), is-Servizz Militari ta' Kontra-intelliġenza (MAD) tal-Ministeru Federali tad-Difiża (BMVg) u, f'kull wieħed mill- stati federati, aġenzija statali għall-protezzjoni tal-kostituzzjoni. Is-servizzi tal-intelliġenza fil-Ġermanja m'għandhomx setgħat tal-pulizija minħabba r-rekwiżit tas-separazzjoni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dritt">Dritt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=57" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Dritt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section's source code: Dritt"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oriġini"><span id="Ori.C4.A1ini"></span>Oriġini</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=58" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Oriġini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section's source code: Oriġini"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083310-0005,_Karlsruhe,_Bundesverfassungsgericht_(retuschiert).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083310-0005%2C_Karlsruhe%2C_Bundesverfassungsgericht_%28retuschiert%29.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083310-0005%2C_Karlsruhe%2C_Bundesverfassungsgericht_%28retuschiert%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083310-0005%2C_Karlsruhe%2C_Bundesverfassungsgericht_%28retuschiert%29.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083310-0005%2C_Karlsruhe%2C_Bundesverfassungsgericht_%28retuschiert%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083310-0005%2C_Karlsruhe%2C_Bundesverfassungsgericht_%28retuschiert%29.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F083310-0005%2C_Karlsruhe%2C_Bundesverfassungsgericht_%28retuschiert%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>L-ewwel Senat tal-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali fil-kompożizzjoni li kienet teżisti sal-15 ta' Ġunju 1989 mal-President Roman Herzog. Il-ħelsien tal-ajkla fl-awla inħoloq fl-1969 minn Hans Kindermann.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-liġi Ġermaniża tappartjeni għaċ-ċirku legali kontinentali u żviluppat għal ħafna mill-eżistenza tagħha mingħajr l-ordni ta' stat nazzjonali Ġermaniż. Għalhekk hija bbażata fuq il-liġi Ġermaniża trażmessa storikament, li tmur lura għal-liġijiet tribali Ġermaniċi u kollezzjonijiet legali medjevali bħas-Sachsenspiegel, u għar-riċeviment tal-liġi Rumana mis-seklu 12 'il quddiem, li kienet meqjusa superjuri għall-eżattezza u l-universalità tagħha. Apparti xi normi legali, bħall- Constitutio Criminalis Carolina tal-1532, l-Imperu Ruman Qaddis kien ikkaratterizzat minn drittijiet speċjali. Matul is-seklu 19 biss bdiet in-normalizzazzjoni legali u ġie introdott Kodiċi Kummerċjali Ġenerali fil-Konfederazzjoni Ġermaniża fl-1861 u fl-Imperu, fost affarijiet oħra, il-Qorti tar-Reich fl-1877 u l-Liġijiet tal-Ġustizzja tar-Reich fl-1879. Fl-1900 daħal il-Kodiċi Ċivili. fis-seħħ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dittatorjat_u_wara_l-gwerra">Dittatorjat u wara l-gwerra</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=59" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Dittatorjat u wara l-gwerra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section's source code: Dittatorjat u wara l-gwerra"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Is-Soċjaliżmu Nazzjonali biddel il-liġi f'mezz ta' tirannija, li hija rappreżentata mid-deċiżjonijiet tat-terrur tal-Qorti tal-Poplu, il-Liġijiet ta' Nuremberg u ħafna atti legali oħra, li tħassru biss mil-liġi tal-okkupazzjoni Alleata, sors legali mhux Ġermaniż. Għalkemm il-liġi tal-okkupazzjoni ġiet revokata f'ħames liġijiet federali u d-dispożizzjonijiet tagħha ġew inkorporati fil-biċċa l-kbira fil-liġi Ġermaniża, il-ġudikatura Ġermaniża għadha tistinka sal-lum biex terġa' lura l-liġi li tqattgħet mill-istat Nazzjonali Soċjalista inġust. Pereżempju, ir-reat kriminali tal-qtil, li jmur lura għall-era Nazzjonali Soċjalista, huwa kontroversjali fost l-awtoritajiet ġudizzjarji Ġermaniżi. Il-verżjoni aktar stretta tal-Artikolu 175 fit-Tielet Reich wasslet ukoll għal persekuzzjoni estensiva tal-omosesswalità fir-Repubblika Federali; Ma ġiex riformat sal-1969 u eliminat mill-kodiċi penali fl-1994. </p><p>Fil-GDR, il-liġi kienet ikkontrollata mill-gvern SED ta’ partit wieħed; Is-separazzjoni tas-setgħat u l-indipendenza tal-qrati, meħtieġa mill-Kostituzzjoni, ġew elużi fir-realtà kostituzzjonali. Fl-amministrazzjoni tal-ġustizzja u l-leġiżlazzjoni, il-GDR ppruvat tul l-eżistenza tagħha biex titbiegħed mit-tradizzjoni legali ċivili, imwaqqfa fl-Imperu u kompliet fir-Repubblika Federali, u biex toħloq sorsi legali indipendenti bbażati fuq kuntest legali u storiku. perspettiva. B'differenza mir-Repubblika Federali, il-GDR legalment irrifjutat kemm l-identità kif ukoll is-suċċessjoni legali lill-Imperu Ġermaniż. Fil-Kodiċi Ċivili tal-GDR, li daħal fis-seħħ fl-1976, l-enfasi kienet fuq ir-"relazzjonijiet tal-provvista" taċ-ċittadini. [189] Kwistjonijiet ta’ proprjetà kienu regolati taħt l-awspiċi ċari tal-ekonomija ppjanata soċjalista; Bl-introduzzjoni tal-Kodiċi Ċivili, definizzjoni ta’ proprjetà ma baqgħetx teżisti. </p><p>Bl-adeżjoni tal-GDR kemm l-iżvilupp kif ukoll l-eżistenza tal-liġi tal-GDR ġew fi tmiemhom. Ħlief f'każijiet antiki tal-amministrazzjoni tal-ġustizzja, il-liġi kriminali u ċivili tal-GDR m'għadhiex tinfluwenza l-liġi Ġermaniża kontemporanja. Permezz tal-Artikolu 9 tat-Trattat tal-Unifikazzjoni, xi liġijiet u regolamenti tal-GDR ġew trasferiti għal-liġi nazzjonali tal-istati l-ġodda. </p><p>Il-piena tal-mewt ġiet abolita fil-Ġermanja bl-Artikolu 102 tal-Liġi Bażika meta ġiet promulgata. Fil-GDR, l-abolizzjoni ma seħħetx qabel l-1987, ftit snin qabel it-tmiem tagħha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Preżenti"><span id="Pre.C5.BCenti"></span>Preżenti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=60" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Preżenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section's source code: Preżenti"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja hija meqjusa bħala stat kostituzzjonali (Artikolu 20, Artikolu 28, paragrafu 1, sentenza 1 GG), li jfisser li l-attività tal-istat tista' tiġi ġġustifikata biss bil-liġi u hija limitata mil-liġi. Għalhekk, il-kontenut tal-liġijiet Ġermaniżi huwa normalment l-ewwel il-limiti tal-kamp ta' applikazzjoni tagħhom qabel ma tiġi stabbilita l-liġi. Pereżempju, l-Artikolu 1 tal-Kodiċi Penali jeżenta l-atti kollha li ma kinux punibbli bil-liġi fiż-żmien tal-att. Kull persuna li d-drittijiet tagħha huma miksura minn awtorità pubblika għandha d-dritt li titlob protezzjoni legali kontra dan quddiem il-qrati (Art. 19 Para. 4 GG). L-imħallfin ma huma suġġetti għall-ebda struzzjonijiet meta jagħtu l-ġustizzja u huma indipendenti minn awtoritajiet statali jew politiċi oħra. Il-Ġermanja għandha qrati ta' mħallfin lajċi u awli kriminali li fihom is-sentenzi jingħataw b'mod konġunt minn imħallfin onorarji u mħallfin professjonali, sakemm is-sentenza mistennija għar-reati ma taqbiżx erba' snin. Proċedimenti bil-ġurija ġew aboliti fil-Ġermanja fl-1924. Regoli proċedurali estensivi, bħall-Kodiċi tal-Proċedura Kriminali u l-Kodiċi tal-Proċedura Ċivili, jiddeterminaw il-kors eżatt tal-proċedimenti ġudizzjarji, iżda wkoll proċedimenti pre-, extraġudizzjarji u sussegwenti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Preżenti_2"><span id="Pre.C5.BCenti_2"></span>Preżenti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=61" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Preżenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section's source code: Preżenti"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-ġurisprudenza hija essenzjalment eżerċitata mill-qrati tal-istati federali: f'kawżi ċivili u kriminali minn qrati lokali, qrati reġjonali u qrati reġjonali ogħla (ġurisdizzjoni ordinarja); Ġurisdizzjonijiet speċjalizzati jinkludu ġurisdizzjoni tax-xogħol, amministrattiva, soċjali u finanzjarja. Il-Qorti Federali tal-Privattivi hija responsabbli għall-protezzjoni tal-proprjetà intellettwali. Il-qrati federali ogħla jaġixxu bħala qrati tal-appell (Art. 95 GG): il-Qorti Federali tal-Ġustizzja bħala l-qorti ċivili u kriminali ogħla, il-Qorti Federali tax-Xogħol, il-Qorti Amministrattiva Federali, il-Qorti Soċjali Federali u l-Qorti Federali tal-Finanzi. It-tilwim kostituzzjonali jiġi solvut mill-qrati kostituzzjonali tal-istati federali u l-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali (l-Artikolu 93 GG), li d-deċiżjonijiet tagħhom jista’ jkollhom is-saħħa tal-liġi u b’hekk jorbtu qrati oħra (ara l-Artikolu 31 tal-Att dwar il-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali ). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ġurisprudenza_kostituzzjonali_tal-qrati_tal-UE"><span id=".C4.A0urisprudenza_kostituzzjonali_tal-qrati_tal-UE"></span>Ġurisprudenza kostituzzjonali tal-qrati tal-UE</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=62" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ġurisprudenza kostituzzjonali tal-qrati tal-UE" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section's source code: Ġurisprudenza kostituzzjonali tal-qrati tal-UE"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il-liġi Ewropea u l-ġurisprudenza tal-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja tal-Unjoni Ewropea qed isiru dejjem aktar importanti. Bħala riżultat tal-kuntratti fit-tul tal-Ġermanja mal-Unjoni Ewropea u l-attivitajiet legali bbażati fuqhom, il-liġi Ġermaniża hija influwenzata b'mod sinifikanti mil-liġi tal-Unjoni. F'Diċembru 2021, il-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja tal-Unjoni Ewropea ddikjarat f'deċiżjoni innovattiva u mifruxa mal-Unjoni kollha li l-liġi li tat tista' wkoll tegħleb il-każistika tal-qrati kostituzzjonali tal-istati membri. Skont l-osservaturi, il-Qorti Ewropea tal-Ġustizzja timmira wkoll li tkun l-awtorità finali dwar kwistjonijiet ta' kompetizzjoni għall-Istati Membri; Ma setgħux jistrieħu aktar fuq il-kostituzzjoni tagħhom bħala distinzjoni mil-liġi tal-UE. Id-deċiżjoni kienet preċeduta minn diversi tilwim bejn l-Unjoni Ewropea u l-istati membri tagħha dwar il-ġurisprudenza kostituzzjonali finali, inkluża proċedura ta' ksur (ma tkompliex) kontra l-Ġermanja minħabba deċiżjoni mill-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali tagħha dwar is-superviżjoni finanzjarja li kienet tikkontradixxi lill-ECJ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomija">Ekonomija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=63" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Ekonomija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L-essenzjali">L-essenzjali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=64" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: L-essenzjali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section's source code: L-essenzjali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Vessel_Cosco_Pride_IMO9472153_departing_Hamburg_Germany_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vessel_Cosco_Pride_IMO9472153_departing_Hamburg_Germany_01.jpg/220px-Vessel_Cosco_Pride_IMO9472153_departing_Hamburg_Germany_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vessel_Cosco_Pride_IMO9472153_departing_Hamburg_Germany_01.jpg/330px-Vessel_Cosco_Pride_IMO9472153_departing_Hamburg_Germany_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vessel_Cosco_Pride_IMO9472153_departing_Hamburg_Germany_01.jpg/440px-Vessel_Cosco_Pride_IMO9472153_departing_Hamburg_Germany_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Vapur tal-kontejners fil-port ta' Hamburg. Imkejla mill-valur tal-merkanzija, il-Ġermanja hija t-tielet l-akbar esportatur u importatur fid-dinja fl-2018.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bi prodott domestiku gross nominali ta' madwar $3.8 triljun fl-2020, il-Ġermanja hija l-akbar ekonomija fl-Ewropa u t-tielet l-akbar fid-dinja. Imkejla mill-PGD nominali per capita, il-Ġermanja tikklassifika fit-18-il post internazzjonali u fit-8 fl-Unjoni Ewropea (mill-2019). Imkejjel mill-valur tal-merkanzija, il-pajjiż kien it-tielet l-akbar importatur u esportatur fid-dinja fl-2016. Il-Programm tal-Iżvilupp tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti jikklassifika lill-Ġermanja fost il-pajjiżi b'livelli għoljin ħafna ta' żvilupp uman. Ikklassifikat fis-seba' post fl-Indiċi tal-Kompetittività Globali fl-2019. Il-kompetittività tal-Ġermanja hija bbażata prinċipalment fuq in-numru kbir ta 'intrapriżi żgħar u ta' daqs medju (Mittelstand), li huma fost il-mexxejja tas-suq globali, speċjalment f'setturi industrijali speċjalizzati. </p><p>2.1 fil-mija tal-produzzjoni ekonomika totali hija ġġenerata fis-settur ekonomiku primarju (agrikoltura), 24.4 fil-mija fis-settur sekondarju (industrija), u 73.5 fil-mija fis-settur terzjarju (servizzi). Fl-2014, il-Ġermanja rreġistrat rekord b’medja ta' madwar 42.6 miljun impjegat soġġetti għal kontribuzzjonijiet tas-sigurtà soċjali. In-numru medju ta' nies qiegħda fl-2014 kien ta' 2,898 miljun. Skont l-Eurostat, il-Ġermanja kellha t-tieni l-inqas rata ta' qgħad fl-Unjoni Ewropea f'Ġunju 2019 bi 3.1 fil-mija. Fattur importanti fil-ħolqien ta' impjiegi ġodda huwa l-intraprenditorija u n-negozji ġodda, li dwarhom, fost affarijiet oħra, il-monitor annwali tal-bidu tal-KfW jipprovdi informazzjoni. </p><p>Il-Ġermanja għandha varjetà wiesgħa ta' depożiti ta' materja prima u tradizzjoni twila tal-minjieri (inkluż faħam, melħ prezzjuż, minerali industrijali u materjali tal-kostruzzjoni, kif ukoll fidda, ħadid u landa). L-industrija tiddependi fuq importazzjonijiet globali ta 'materja prima. </p><p>Il-potenzjal uman flimkien ma' edukazzjoni tajba u kultura ta' innovazzjoni huma kkunsidrati bħala prerekwiżiti għas-suċċess tal-ekonomija Ġermaniża u s-soċjetà tal-għarfien. L-aktar setturi kompetittivi globalment tal-industrija Ġermaniża huma l-karozzi, il-vetturi kummerċjali, l-inġinerija elettrika, l-inġinerija mekkanika u l-industrija kimika. It-teknoloġija aerospazjali, is-settur finanzjarju – pereżempju fiċ-ċentru finanzjarju ta' Frankfurt am Main – u s-settur tal-assigurazzjoni, speċjalment ir-riassigurazzjoni, huma importanti wkoll globalment. L-importanza tal-industriji kulturali u kreattivi qed tiżdied. </p><p>Bħala membru tal-Unjoni Ewropea, il-Ġermanja hija parti mill-akbar suq uniku fid-dinja, b'popolazzjoni magħquda ta' madwar 500 miljun u PGD nominali ta' $17.6 triljun fl-2011. Il-Ġermanja hija wkoll parti miż-żona tal-euro, unjoni monetarja b'19-il membru. Pajjiżi u madwar 337 miljun abitant. Il-mezz ta' ħlas tiegħu huwa l-euro, li l-politika monetarja tiegħu hija kkontrollata mill-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew (BĊE) u hija t-tieni l-aktar munita ta' riżerva importanti fid-dinja u l-akbar munita fiċ-ċirkolazzjoni f'termini ta' valur fi flus kontanti. </p><p>Ir-rata tal-qgħad fil-Ġermanja hija fost l-inqas fl-UE; huwa 3%; huwa aktar baxx biss fil-Polonja u r-Repubblika Ċeka. Il-medja fil-pajjiżi kollha tal-UE hija ta’ 6.1 %, filwaqt li l-pajjiżi tal-OECD għandhom rata ta' qgħad ta’ 4.8 % (minn Marzu 2023). </p><p>L-inugwaljanza fid-dħul fil-Ġermanja kienet ftit inqas mill-medja tal-OECD fl-2005. Fl-2008, id-dħul medjan disponibbli kien 1,252 b'indiċi Gini ta' 0.29. Id-distribuzzjoni tal-ġid fil-Ġermanja hija ferm aktar ikkonċentrata mid-distribuzzjoni tad-dħul, b'indiċi ta' Gini ta' 0.78. Skont Credit Suisse, il-ġid privat ammonta għal $12.4 triljun fl-2016. Bħala medja, kull adult fil-Ġermanja kellu assi ta '$185,175 fl-2016 (assi medji: $42,833). Hija tikklassifika fis-27 post fid-dinja u hija inqas mill-biċċa l-kbira tal-pajjiżi ġirien tal-Ġermanja; kawża jew konsegwenza waħda (skont l-interpretazzjoni) hija l-proporzjon baxx tas-sjieda tal-proprjetà immobbli. Fl-2016 kien hemm 1,637,000 miljunarju fil-Ġermanja u fl-2017 kien hemm total ta' 114-il biljunarju (f'dollari Amerikani), it-tielet l-ogħla numru fid-dinja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kummerċ_barrani_u_żvilupp_ekonomiku"><span id="Kummer.C4.8B_barrani_u_.C5.BCvilupp_ekonomiku"></span>Kummerċ barrani u żvilupp ekonomiku</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=65" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Kummerċ barrani u żvilupp ekonomiku" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section's source code: Kummerċ barrani u żvilupp ekonomiku"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Germany_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Germany_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/220px-Germany_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Germany_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/330px-Germany_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Germany_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/440px-Germany_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Il-Ġermanja tesporta skont il-kategorija tal-prodott</figcaption></figure> <p>Mill-1986 sal-1988, mill-1990 u mill-2003 sal-2008, l-ekonomija Ġermaniża rreġistrat bilanċ favorevoli tal-esportazzjoni akbar minn kwalunkwe pajjiż ieħor (“ċampjin tal-esportazzjoni dinjija”). Matul is-snin 2010, il-Ġermanja kienet il-pajjiż bit-tielet l-ogħla valur ta' esportazzjonijiet fid-dinja. Fl-2020, l-esportazzjonijiet laħqu valur totali ta' 1,205 biljun ewro, il-valur tal-importazzjonijiet kien ta' 1,025 biljun ewro, eċċess fil-bilanċ tal-kummerċ barrani ta' 180 biljun ewro. Is-surplus tal-kont kurrenti kien l-ogħla fid-dinja fl-2016 u qabeż is-7 fil-mija tal-produzzjoni ekonomika, li ntlaqgħet bi kritika kemm f'pajjiżhom kif ukoll barra. </p><p>L-aktar imsieħba kummerċjali importanti (importazzjonijiet u esportazzjonijiet) fl-2020 kienu r-Repubblika Popolari taċ-Ċina (volum tal-kummerċ ta' 213 biljun ewro), l-Olanda (173 biljun ewro), l-Istati Uniti (172 biljun ewro), Franza (147 biljun ewro), il-Polonja (123 biljun ewro) u l-Italja (114 biljun ewro). L-akbar swieq tal-esportazzjoni kienu l-Istati Uniti, ir-Repubblika Popolari taċ-Ċina, Franza u l-Olanda. Il-Ġermanja wettqet aktar minn nofs il-kummerċ barrani tagħha mal-istati tal-Unjoni Ewropea. Il-valur tal-esportazzjonijiet kollha ta' oġġetti u servizzi ammontaw għal 47 fil-mija tal-produzzjoni ekonomika fl-2019, li huwa għoli fost ekonomiji akbar. Il-pajjiż huwa għalhekk potenzjalment vulnerabbli għall-varjazzjonijiet fil-kummerċ globali, anke jekk ir-rebound f'dawn l-aħħar snin kien immexxi primarjament mill-konsum. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg/220px-Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg/330px-Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg/440px-Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8003" data-file-height="5622" /></a><figcaption>Frankfurt am Main huwa ċentru ekonomiku u tat-trasport internazzjonali, kif ukoll il-kwartieri ġenerali tal-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja ġiet affettwata lejn l-aħħar tal-2008 u l-2009 mill-kriżi finanzjarja internazzjonali, li kkawżat tnaqqis fil-prodott gross domestiku ta' 5.6 fil-mija fl-2009. L-ekonomija Ġermaniża mbagħad reġgħet kibret b'mod sinifikanti, b'4.1 u 3.7 fil-mija (2010 u 2011), u b'mod aktar moderat. fl-2012 u l-2013, b’0.5 fil-mija kull wieħed. Fl-2014, it-tkabbir ekonomiku reġa' aċċellera għal 1.9 fil-mija u għal 1.7 u 1.9 fil-mija fl-2015 u l-2016. Fl-2017, it-tkabbir kien 2.2 fil-mija. Il-pandemija tal-COVID-19 ikkawżat kollass ta '4.6 fil-mija fil-produzzjoni ekonomika fl-2020. Is-sena ta' wara, l-ekonomija rkuprat xi ftit u rreġistrat tkabbir ta' 2.7 fil-mija. </p><p>Bejn l-2000 u l-2011, ir-rata medja ta' inflazzjoni annwali kienet baxxa ta' 0.3 fil-mija (2009) u għolja ta' 2.6 fil-mija (2008). Fil-bidu tal-2015, il-Ġermanja rreġistrat deflazzjoni żgħira (-0.3%) għall-ewwel darba mill-2009 minħabba l-prezzijiet baxxi taż-żejt. Wara snin ta' żidiet fil-prezzijiet relattivament moderati, ir-rata ta' inflazzjoni fil-Ġermanja laħqet l-ogħla livell tagħha mis-snin ħamsin fl-2022 fl-isfond tal-kriżi globali tal-enerġija, b'żidiet fil-prezzijiet b'żewġ ċifri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrija_tal-karozzi">Industrija tal-karozzi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=66" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Industrija tal-karozzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section's source code: Industrija tal-karozzi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078957-0016,_Stuttgart-Untert%C3%BCrkheim,_Mercedes_Autowerk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078957-0016%2C_Stuttgart-Untert%C3%BCrkheim%2C_Mercedes_Autowerk.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078957-0016%2C_Stuttgart-Untert%C3%BCrkheim%2C_Mercedes_Autowerk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078957-0016%2C_Stuttgart-Untert%C3%BCrkheim%2C_Mercedes_Autowerk.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078957-0016%2C_Stuttgart-Untert%C3%BCrkheim%2C_Mercedes_Autowerk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078957-0016%2C_Stuttgart-Untert%C3%BCrkheim%2C_Mercedes_Autowerk.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F078957-0016%2C_Stuttgart-Untert%C3%BCrkheim%2C_Mercedes_Autowerk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>L-iżvilupp u l-manifattura tal-vetturi huma industriji ewlenin fil-Ġermanja.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja hija magħrufa mad-dinja kollha għall-iżvilupp u l-produzzjoni ta' karozzi ta' kwalità għolja u innovattivi. Il-karozza ġiet ivvintata minn Carl Benz fil-Ġermanja fl-1886, u stabbiliet il-pedament għall-iżvilupp ta' dik li issa hija t-tielet l-akbar industrija tal-karozzi fid-dinja. Illum, korporazzjonijiet bħal Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz u BMW huma parti importanti mill-ekonomija Ġermaniża. L-industrija tal-karozzi Ġermaniża ġġenerat aktar minn 400 biljun ewro f'bejgħ fl-2017 b'madwar 800,000 impjegat fil-Ġermanja, madwar sebgħa fil-mija tal-PGD jistgħu jiġu attribwiti lilhom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teknoloġiji_ta'_l-informazzjoni_u_telekomunikazzjoni"><span id="Teknolo.C4.A1iji_ta.27_l-informazzjoni_u_telekomunikazzjoni"></span>Teknoloġiji ta' l-informazzjoni u telekomunikazzjoni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=67" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Teknoloġiji ta' l-informazzjoni u telekomunikazzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section's source code: Teknoloġiji ta' l-informazzjoni u telekomunikazzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It-teknoloġiji tal-informazzjoni u l-komunikazzjoni (ICT) huma kkunsidrati bħala fattur ewlieni tal-post. Id-diġitalizzazzjoni tal-ekonomija Ġermaniża hija promossa taħt l-isem tal-proġett Industry 4.0. Il-kumpanija tat-telekomunikazzjoni bl-ogħla dħul fil-Ġermanja hija Deutsche Telekom. SAP, Software AG u DATEV huma fost l-akbar manifatturi ta' softwer fid-dinja bbażati fil-Ġermanja. Fis-settur tal-ħardwer, l-iżvilupp huwa speċjalment importanti, pereżempju f'Infineon u FTS. Minbarra l-kumpaniji tradizzjonali fis-settur tal-ICT, negozji ġodda u e-ventures innovattivi qed isiru dejjem aktar importanti fil-Ġermanja. </p><p>Fl-2017, 88 fil-mija tal-popolazzjoni kellha aċċess għall-internet; madwar 87 fil-mija setgħu jaċċessaw konnessjoni broadband. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enerġija"><span id="Ener.C4.A1ija"></span>Enerġija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=68" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Enerġija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section's source code: Enerġija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fl-2010, il-Ġermanja kienet ir-raba' l-akbar produttur tal-enerġija primarja fl-Ewropa u kklassifikat fl-24 post fost il-produtturi tal-enerġija fid-dinja. Fl-2012, il-konsum tal-enerġija primarja fil-Ġermanja kien 13,757 PJ (2005: 14,238 PJ). Dan jagħmel lill-pajjiż it-tieni l-akbar konsumatur nazzjonali tal-enerġija fl-Ewropa u s-seba' fid-dinja. Fl-2012, il-provvista tal-elettriku kienet garantita minn 1,059 kumpanija bbażati fil-Ġermanja. </p><p>Fl-2016, l-enerġija rinnovabbli forniet 29.2 fil-mija tal-produzzjoni grossa tal-elettriku, 13.4 fil-mija tal-ħtiġijiet finali tal-enerġija fis-settur tat-tisħin u 5.1 fil-mija tal-fjuwils. Bħala parti mit-tranżizzjoni tal-enerġija, huwa ppjanat li jiżdied is-sehem tal-enerġija rinnovabbli fil-konsum tal-elettriku għal 80 fil-mija sal-2050, jitnaqqas il-konsum tal-enerġija primarja b'50 fil-mija meta mqabbel mal-2008 u jitnaqqsu l-emissjonijiet tal-gassijiet serra bejn 80 u 95 fil-mija. fil-mija f'konformità mal-miri tal-UE tal-1990 biex jitnaqqsu. B'mod ġenerali, mill-inqas 60 fil-mija tal-konsum tal-enerġija għandu jkun kopert minn enerġija rinnovabbli sal-2050. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konsum_tal-enerġija_primarja_fil-Ġermanja_-_Sors_ta'_enerġija"><span id="Konsum_tal-ener.C4.A1ija_primarja_fil-.C4.A0ermanja_-_Sors_ta.27_ener.C4.A1ija"></span>Konsum tal-enerġija primarja fil-Ġermanja - Sors ta' enerġija</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=69" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Konsum tal-enerġija primarja fil-Ġermanja - Sors ta' enerġija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section's source code: Konsum tal-enerġija primarja fil-Ġermanja - Sors ta' enerġija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>żejt minerali: 35.1 (1990), 35.3 (2019), 35 (2022)</li> <li>Gass: 15.5 (1990), 25.0 (2019), 24 (2022)</li> <li>Enerġija rinnovabbli: 1.3 (1990), 14.7 (2019), 17 (2022)</li> <li>Lignite: 21.5 (1990), 9.1 (2019), 10 (2022)</li> <li>Karbonju iebes: 15.5 (1990), 8.8 (2019), 10 (2022)</li> <li>Enerġija nukleari: 11.2 (1990), 6.4 (2019), 3 (2022)</li> <li>Oħrajn: 0.7 (1990), 0.8 (2022)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turiżmu"><span id="Turi.C5.BCmu"></span>Turiżmu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=70" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Turiżmu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section's source code: Turiżmu"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutschland_UNESCO_Welterbest%C3%A4tten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Deutschland_UNESCO_Welterbest%C3%A4tten.png/220px-Deutschland_UNESCO_Welterbest%C3%A4tten.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Deutschland_UNESCO_Welterbest%C3%A4tten.png/330px-Deutschland_UNESCO_Welterbest%C3%A4tten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Deutschland_UNESCO_Welterbest%C3%A4tten.png/440px-Deutschland_UNESCO_Welterbest%C3%A4tten.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>Is-siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Ġermanja huma destinazzjonijiet ta' żjarat importanti għat-turisti kulturali u naturali.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fl-2016, il-Ġermanja kienet waħda mis-seba 'pajjiżi l-aktar miżjura fid-dinja, b'aktar minn 35 miljun mistieden barrani matul is-sena. </p><p>Madwar 4,000 mill-11,116 komunità tal-Ġermanja huma organizzati f'assoċjazzjonijiet turistiċi, li 310 minnhom huma rikonoxxuti bħala resorts tas-saħħa, resorts tas-saħħa u resorts tas-saħħa. Hemm 6,135 mużew, 366 teatru, 34 park ta' divertiment u avventura, 45,000 courts tat-tennis, 648 korsa tal-golf, 190,000 kilometru ta' mixi, 40,000 kilometru ta' mogħdijiet għar-roti fuq distanzi twal, kif ukoll rotot tal-vaganzi u tematiċi. </p><p>It-turiżmu tan-negozju u tal-konferenzi għandu importanza eċċellenti; Il-Ġermanja hija l-aktar post importanti tal-fieri kummerċjali internazzjonali b'diversi fieri tal-kummerċ ewlenin fid-dinja. L-Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin hija l-fiera ewlenija tat-turiżmu fid-dinja. Il-Ġermanja għandha wkoll l-ogħla konċentrazzjoni ta' festivals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traffiku">Traffiku</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=71" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Traffiku" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section's source code: Traffiku"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L-Indiċi tal-Prestazzjoni tal-Loġistika tal-2018 maħluq mill-Bank Dinji juri lill-Ġermanja bħala l-pajjiż bl-aqwa infrastruttura fid-dinja. </p><p>Minħabba l-popolazzjoni densa u l-post ċentrali fl-Ewropa, hemm volum ta' traffiku għoli ħafna fil-Ġermanja. Huwa pajjiż ta' transitu importanti, speċjalment għat-trasport tal-merkanzija. Permezz tal-kunċett ta' Netwerks Trans-Ewropej, il-Ġermanja hija promossa bħala żona ta' trasferiment bejn l-ewwel żona ekonomika ċentrali Ewropea, l-hekk imsejħa Blue Banana, u ż-żona ekonomika ċentrali tal-Ewropa. Ewropa Ċentrali u tal-Lvant. Proġetti importanti f'dawn in-netwerks huma l-assi ferrovjarji Lyon/Ġenova–Rotterdam/Antwerp, POS (Pariġi–Lvant ta' Franza–Lbiċ tal-Ġermanja), PBKA (Pariġi–Brussell–Cologne–Amsterdam), Berlin–Palermo u r-rotta ewlenija lejn l-Ewropa. Barra minn hekk, il-Ġermanja hija l-punt tat-tluq tal-punent għal xi kurituri tat-trasport pan-Ewropej. </p><p>Fl-2005 ġie introdott pedaġġ tat-trakkijiet tal-awtostrada. L-emissjonijiet tad-dijossidu tal-karbonju mit-trasport tal-merkanzija bit-triq fil-Ġermanja żdiedu b'20 fil-mija bejn l-1995 u l-2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffiku_fit-toroq">Traffiku fit-toroq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=72" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Traffiku fit-toroq" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section's source code: Traffiku fit-toroq"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Waldschl%C3%B6%C3%9Fchenbr%C3%BCcke_-_Dresden,_Germany_-_DSC09192.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Waldschl%C3%B6%C3%9Fchenbr%C3%BCcke_-_Dresden%2C_Germany_-_DSC09192.JPG/220px-Waldschl%C3%B6%C3%9Fchenbr%C3%BCcke_-_Dresden%2C_Germany_-_DSC09192.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Waldschl%C3%B6%C3%9Fchenbr%C3%BCcke_-_Dresden%2C_Germany_-_DSC09192.JPG/330px-Waldschl%C3%B6%C3%9Fchenbr%C3%BCcke_-_Dresden%2C_Germany_-_DSC09192.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Waldschl%C3%B6%C3%9Fchenbr%C3%BCcke_-_Dresden%2C_Germany_-_DSC09192.JPG/440px-Waldschl%C3%B6%C3%9Fchenbr%C3%BCcke_-_Dresden%2C_Germany_-_DSC09192.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Il-Pont Waldschlösschen (<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża">Ġermaniż</a>: Waldschlößchenbrücke jew Waldschlösschenbrücke) huwa pont tat-triq li jaqsam ix-xmara Elbe fi Dresden.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hallerbach-_und_Wiedtalbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hallerbach-_und_Wiedtalbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/220px-Hallerbach-_und_Wiedtalbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hallerbach-_und_Wiedtalbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/330px-Hallerbach-_und_Wiedtalbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hallerbach-_und_Wiedtalbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/440px-Hallerbach-_und_Wiedtalbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Raggruppament tar-rotot tat-trasport fil-kunċett tal-kuritur Ewropew</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Waldschl%C3%B6sschenbr%C3%BCcke_Dresden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Waldschl%C3%B6sschenbr%C3%BCcke_Dresden.jpg/220px-Waldschl%C3%B6sschenbr%C3%BCcke_Dresden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Waldschl%C3%B6sschenbr%C3%BCcke_Dresden.jpg/330px-Waldschl%C3%B6sschenbr%C3%BCcke_Dresden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Waldschl%C3%B6sschenbr%C3%BCcke_Dresden.jpg/440px-Waldschl%C3%B6sschenbr%C3%BCcke_Dresden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption>Il-Pont Waldschlösschen (<a href="/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża">Ġermaniż</a>: Waldschlößchenbrücke jew Waldschlösschenbrücke) huwa pont tat-triq li jaqsam ix-xmara Elbe fi Dresden.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ir-Rumani diġà stabbilixxew toroq pavimentati fil-Ġermanja, li reġgħu marru għall-agħar. L-ewwel toroq inbnew fis-seklu 18. L-invenzjoni tal-karozzi tat impetu ġdid għall-kostruzzjoni tat-toroq. L-ewwel awtostrada fid-dinja, l-AVUS, infetħet f'Berlin fl-1921. It-trasport bit-triq ħa post il-ferroviji bħala l-aktar mod importanti ta' trasport fit-tieni nofs tas-seklu 20. Il-Ġermanja għandha wieħed mill-aktar netwerks tat-toroq densi fid-dinja. Fl-2012, in-netwerk ta' awtostradi federali kien jinkludi 12,845 kilometru ta' awtostradi u 40,711 kilometru ta' awtostradi federali. In-netwerk tat-toroq reġjonali kien jinkludi wkoll 86,597 kilometru ta' toroq statali, 91,520 kilometru ta' toroq distrettwali u muniċipali. </p><p>Fl-1 ta' Jannar, 2020, 47.7 miljun karozza tal-passiġġieri ġew irreġistrati fil-Ġermanja. In-numru totali ta' vetturi bil-mutur u trejlers kien 65.8 miljun. Mill-1995 sal-2017, l-emissjonijiet assoluti tad-dijossidu tal-karbonju mit-trasport tal-merkanzija bit-triq fil-Ġermanja żdiedu b'20 fil-mija. </p><p>Biex jitnaqqsu l-perikli u l-piżijiet ikkawżati mit-traffiku tat-triq, inħolqu żoni pedonali, żoni ta' traffiku kwiet u żoni ta' 30 km/h f'ħafna bliet Ġermaniżi. Minn dakinhar, in-numru ta’ nies li jmutu f’inċidenti tat-traffiku naqas kontinwament; Fl-2015 kien hemm 3,459 persuna, fl-2019 kien hemm 3,046. Ir-rota qed taqdi rwol dejjem aktar importanti u l-espansjoni tagħha qed tiġi appoġġjata politikament permezz tal-pjan taċ-ċikliżmu, pereżempju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trasport_bil-ferrovija">Trasport bil-ferrovija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=73" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Trasport bil-ferrovija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section's source code: Trasport bil-ferrovija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Railway_traffic_K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof_2015-12-17-01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Railway_traffic_K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof_2015-12-17-01.JPG/220px-Railway_traffic_K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof_2015-12-17-01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Railway_traffic_K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof_2015-12-17-01.JPG/330px-Railway_traffic_K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof_2015-12-17-01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Railway_traffic_K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof_2015-12-17-01.JPG/440px-Railway_traffic_K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof_2015-12-17-01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4453" data-file-height="2905" /></a><figcaption>Traffiku reġjonali u fuq distanzi twal quddiem l-istazzjon ċentrali ta' Cologne (mix-xellug għal-lemin: DB Regio, National Express, ICE 3 ta' DB Fernverkehr, DB Regio)</figcaption></figure> <p>Fis-7 ta' Diċembru, 1835, infetħet il-Ludwigseisenbahn, l-ewwel linja tal-ferrovija tal-Ġermanja, u fid-deċennji ta' wara n-netwerk ferrovjarju kiber għal aktar minn 18,000 kilometru fl-1870. L-espansjoni tal-ferrovija aċċellerat ukoll it-tkabbir industrijali fis-seklu 19. </p><p>In-netwerk ferrovjarju Ġermaniż bħalissa huwa twil madwar 39,200 kilometru u madwar 41,500 ferrovija tal-passiġġieri u tal-merkanzija jgħaddu minnu kuljum. Bħala parti mir-riforma ferrovjarja, il-ferroviji statali Deutsche Bundesbahn (Punent) u Deutsche Reichsbahn (Lvant) ġew trasferiti lill-kumpanija privata Deutsche Bahn AG fl-1 ta' Jannar, 1994. Jorganizza l-biċċa l-kbira tat-traffiku ferrovjarju fil-Ġermanja. Madwar 350 kumpanija ferrovjarja oħra joperaw fuq in-netwerk ferrovjarju Ġermaniż. Filwaqt li l-Stat irtira mill-operazzjonijiet operattivi, jiffinanzja l-biċċa l-kbira tal-manutenzjoni u l-espansjoni tan-netwerk, kif ukoll (permezz ta' fondi ta' reġjonalizzazzjoni) l-aktar trasport reġjonali. </p><p>Ferroviji reġjonali (Interregio-Express (IRE), Regionalbahn (RB), Regional-Express (RE) u S-Bahn (S)) u ferroviji fuq distanzi twal (Intercity (IC), Eurocity (EC) u Intercity-Express (ICE) ) ). Għal ferroviji fuq distanzi twal, rotot ta 'veloċità għolja b'tul totali ta' madwar 2,000 kilometru huma disponibbli. </p><p>Il-prestazzjoni tat-trasport ferrovjarju fit-trasport lokali u fuq distanzi twal ammontat għal 104.2 biljun kilometru passiġġier fl-2023, u b'hekk laħaq livell rekord. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trasport_lokali">Trasport lokali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=74" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Trasport lokali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section's source code: Trasport lokali"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg/220px-13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg/330px-13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg/440px-13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Tram u xarabank f'Jena am Paradies</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg/220px-Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg/330px-Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg/440px-Berlin_SBahn_HackescherMarkt_east.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Hackescher Markt Station, bil-ferroviji RegionalExpress u S-Bahn, Stazzjon Ċentrali ta' Berlin - Ferroviji Urbani (Berlin Stadtbahn) </figcaption></figure> <p>Fl-1881, Werner von Siemens inawgura l-ewwel tram elettriku fid-dinja f'Lichterfelde, ħdejn Berlin. Dan il-mod ta' trasport iddomina t-trasport pubbliku lokali fl-ibliet il-kbar tal-Ġermanja fl-ewwel nofs tas-seklu 20. Wara t-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija, ħafna ingħalqu, speċjalment fil-Ġermanja tal-Punent, u oħrajn ġew konvertiti għal linji tal-ferrovija ħafifa b'rotot tal-mini miċ-ċentru tal-belt. Ġew sostitwiti minn trasport bil-karozza tal-linja, li huwa wkoll disponibbli madwar il-pajjiż kollu u jservi kważi l-postijiet kollha. Madankollu, in-netwerks tal-karozzi tal-linja tnaqqsu minħabba tnaqqis fil-popolazzjoni fiż-żoni rurali u ħafna drabi ġew sostitwiti b'sistemi tal-karozzi tal-linja on-call. Fi bliet akbar, is-subway inbniet fis-seklu 20 u kkombinat ma' ferroviji S-Bahn biex jiffurmaw netwerk ta' transitu rapidu għall-belt u ż-żoni tal-madwar tagħha. L-ipproċessar amministrattiv isir mill-awtoritajiet tat-trasport pubbliku. </p><p>Mis-snin tmenin, inħolqu u espandew netwerks ta' mogħdijiet għar-roti fl-ibliet u ż-żoni rurali, sabiex ir-roti għal darb'oħra qed ikollhom rwol dejjem akbar fit-trasport lokali. F'paragun internazzjonali, it-trasport pubbliku lokali fl-ibliet il-kbar tal-Ġermanja huwa kkaratterizzat mill-effiċjenza għolja u l-kopertura wiesgħa tiegħu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trasport_bl-ajru">Trasport bl-ajru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=75" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Trasport bl-ajru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section's source code: Trasport bl-ajru"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Flugh%C3%A4fen_in_Deutschland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flugh%C3%A4fen_in_Deutschland.png/220px-Flugh%C3%A4fen_in_Deutschland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flugh%C3%A4fen_in_Deutschland.png/330px-Flugh%C3%A4fen_in_Deutschland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flugh%C3%A4fen_in_Deutschland.png/440px-Flugh%C3%A4fen_in_Deutschland.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption>Mappa tal-ajruporti fil-Ġermanja</figcaption></figure> <p>B'madwar 700 ajruport, il-Ġermanja għandha waħda mill-ogħla densitajiet ta' runway fid-dinja. </p><p>L-ajruport ewlieni ta' Frankfurt huwa l-akbar fil-Ġermanja f'termini ta' passiġġieri (2016: 60.77 miljun), ir-raba' l-akbar fl-Ewropa u l-akbar ajruport fl-<a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropa</a> f'termini ta' volum ta' merkanzija (2015: 2.1 miljun tunnellata). L-akbar linja tal-ajru tal-Ġermanja, il-Lufthansa, topera hubs interkontinentali fi Frankfurt u t-tieni l-akbar ajruport tal-Ġermanja, Munich. Il-gvern federali u l-stati ta' Berlin u Brandenburg huma l-azzjonisti uniċi ta' Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH, li topera l-Ajruport ta' Berlin Brandenburg "Willy Brandt". </p><p>Il-Ġermanja m'għandhiex port spazjali (jew port spazjali) tagħha stess għat-traffiku lil hinn mil-Linja Kármán (100 km) fl-ispazju. Għalhekk, l-ivvjaġġar spazjali taċ-Ċentru Aerospazjali Ġermaniż juża prinċipalment il-port spazjali CSG fil-Gujana Franċiża. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffiku_marittimu">Traffiku marittimu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=76" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Traffiku marittimu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section's source code: Traffiku marittimu"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg/220px-Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg/330px-Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg/440px-Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Il-mollijiet tal-port ta' Hamburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Minħabba l-proporzjon għoli tagħha ta' kummerċ barrani, il-Ġermanja hija dipendenti b'mod speċjali fuq il-kummerċ marittimu. Għandha bosta portijiet tal-baħar moderni, iżda wkoll twettaq proporzjon kbir tal-kummerċ barrani tagħha permezz tal-portijiet ta' pajjiżi ġirien, partikolarment fl-Olanda. L-akbar tliet portijiet tal-baħar fil-Ġermanja huma Hamburg, Wilhelmshaven u l-portijiet ta' Bremen. Il-JadeWeserPort f'Wilhelmshaven huwa l-uniku port fil-fond tal-Ġermanja. L-aktar portijiet importanti fuq il-Baħar Baltiku huma Rostock, Lübeck u Kiel. Rostock-Warnemünde huwa l-aktar port traffikuż tal-Ġermanja. </p><p>Ir-rotot tat-tbaħħir l-aktar importanti huma Lower Elbe u Lower Weser. Il-Kanal ta 'Kiel huwa l-aktar rotta ta' tbaħħir artifiċjali fid-dinja, barra mill-kosta Baltika Ġermaniża tinsab Kadetrinne, l-iktar rotta tat-tbaħħir traffikuża fil-Baħar Baltiku. </p><p>Hemm netwerk żviluppat tajjeb ta' passaġġi tal-ilma għan-navigazzjoni interna. Ix-xmajjar ewlenin navigabbli huma r-Rhine, Main, Moselle, Weser u Elbe. Kanali interni importanti huma l-Kanal Mittelland, il-Kanal Dortmund-Ems, il-Kanal Rhine-Herne u l-Kanal Lateral Elbe. Il-Kanal Main-Danubju jevita l-baċin tax-xmara ewlieni Ewropew u għalhekk jippermetti rotta marittima diretta mill-Baħar tat-Tramuntana u l-Baħar Baltiku sal-Baħar l-Iswed. Il-kumpless tal-port Duisburg-Ruhrort huwa l-akbar port intern fil-Ġermanja u huwa meqjus bħala l-akbar port intern fl-<a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropa</a>. Hemm ukoll tibda u tispiċċa t-Triq il-Ħarir Ġdida, proġett infrastrutturali mir-Repubblika Popolari taċ-Ċina li trid tieħu vantaġġ mir-rotot tal-kummerċ antiki. </p><p>Il-pjan ġenerali tan-navigazzjoni interna ġie approvat fl-2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=77" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Goethecut.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Goethecut.png/220px-Goethecut.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Goethecut.png/330px-Goethecut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Goethecut.png/440px-Goethecut.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>J. W. von Goethe, 1786 (prefazju għal Faust)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Filmstudio_Babelsberg_Eingang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Filmstudio_Babelsberg_Eingang.jpg/220px-Filmstudio_Babelsberg_Eingang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Filmstudio_Babelsberg_Eingang.jpg/330px-Filmstudio_Babelsberg_Eingang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Filmstudio_Babelsberg_Eingang.jpg/440px-Filmstudio_Babelsberg_Eingang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>L-studjo tal-films Babelsberg f'Potsdam huwa wieħed mill-postijiet tal-films l-aktar tradizzjonali u famużi fid-dinja.</figcaption></figure> <p>L-storja tal-arti u l-kultura Ġermaniża, li l-għeruq tagħha jmorru lura għal żmien iċ-Ċelti, il-popli Ġermaniċi u r-Rumani, tat lok għal personalitajiet li mmarkaw stili u epoki sa mill-Medju Evu. F'varjetà wiesgħa ta 'dixxiplini, ħaddiema kulturali li jitkellmu bil-Ġermaniż saru pijunieri ta' xejriet ġodda u żviluppi intellettwali. Uħud mill-aktar artisti Ġermaniżi influwenti huma fost il-protagonisti taċ-ċiviltà tal-Punent. Il-finanzjament statali għall-kultura (teatri, mużewijiet, skejjel tal-arti, eċċ.) mill-gvern federali, gvernijiet statali u muniċipalitajiet fil-Ġermanja ammontaw għal aktar minn ħdax-il biljun ewro fl-2017. </p><p>Peress li l-Ġermanja ma tantx teżisti bħala stat nazzjonali, il-kultura Ġermaniża għal sekli sħaħ ġiet definita primarjament bil-lingwa komuni; Anke wara t-twaqqif tal-imperu fl-1871, il-Ġermanja spiss kienet mifhuma bħala nazzjon kulturali. It-tixrid tal-midja tal-massa fis-seklu 20 tat lill-kultura popolari status għoli fis-soċjetà Ġermaniża. L-espansjoni tal-Internet fis-seklu 21 wasslet għal divrenzjar tal-pajsaġġ kulturali u bidlet il-karatteristiċi ta 'diversi kulturi speċjalizzati. </p><p>L-Istituti Goethe iservu biex ixerrdu l-lingwa u l-kultura Ġermaniża madwar id-dinja. B'total ta' 158 kwartieri ġenerali, inklużi uffiċċji ta' kollegament, l-istitut huwa rappreżentat fl-2013 fi 93 pajjiż. Skont stħarriġ tal-BBC tal-2013 fuq 22 pajjiż, il-Ġermanja gawdiet l-ogħla reputazzjoni internazzjonali fost is-16-il pajjiż mistħarrġa għas-sitt darba konsekuttiva mill-2008. Bħala medja, 59 fil-mija ta' dawk li wieġbu kklassifikaw l-influwenza politika u jaħdmu b'mod pożittiv mill-Ġermanja, filwaqt li 15 fil-mija kkunsidraw huwa negattiv. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=78" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Germany_champions_2014_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Germany_champions_2014_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg/220px-Germany_champions_2014_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Germany_champions_2014_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg/330px-Germany_champions_2014_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Germany_champions_2014_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg/440px-Germany_champions_2014_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3101" data-file-height="1611" /></a><figcaption>It-tim tal-futbol Ġermaniż wara r-rebħa tiegħu fil-finali tat-Tazza tad-Dinja 2014 fil-Brażil, ir-raba' titlu mondjali tiegħu</figcaption></figure> <p>Fil-Ġermanja, il-biċċa l-kbira tal-klabbs sportivi huma organizzati fil-Konfederazzjoni Olimpika Sportiva Ġermaniża (DOSB). Fl-2016, kellha madwar 27.5 miljun membru f'90,025 klabb tal-ġinnastika u sportivi. </p><p>L-aktar sport li jintlagħab u li jarahom fil-Ġermanja huwa l-futbol. Fl-2012 madwar 6.8 miljun membru u madwar 172,000 tim ġew organizzati fil-Federazzjoni Ġermaniża tal-Futbol, li organizzat it-Tazza tad-Dinja fl-1974 u l-2006 kif ukoll il-Kampjonat Ewropew tal-Futbol fl-1988 u l-2024 u hija waħda mill-akbar u l-aktar suċċess. Assoċjazzjonijiet sportivi tad-dinja. It-tim tal-futbol tal-irġiel Ġermaniż sar ċampjins tad-dinja fl-1954, 1974, 1990 u 2014. Il-Ġermanja hija l-uniku pajjiż li rnexxielu jsir champion Ewropew u dinji kemm fil-futbol tan-nisa kif ukoll tal-irġiel. L-akbar grawnd iddisinjat għal-laqgħat internazzjonali huwa l-Istadium Olimpiku f’Berlin b’74,475 siġġu. Is-Signal Iduna Park f'Dortmund huwa l-istadium bl-aktar siġġijiet awtorizzati għall-ispettaturi fil-partiti tal-futbol tal-Bundesliga, b'aktar minn 80,500 siġġu. </p><p>Il-Bundesliga tal-handball ħafna drabi titqies bħala l-aqwa kampjonat fid-dinja u fl-2007 it-tim tal-irġiel sar ċampjins tad-dinja għat-tielet darba. Madwar 830,000 membru attiv jappartjenu għal madwar 4,500 klabb (mill-2011). L-organizzazzjoni li tikkoordina hija l-Assoċjazzjoni Ġermaniża tal-Handball. </p><p>Il-volleyball u l-varjant tiegħu tal-volleyball tal-bajja saru sport popolari fis-snin disgħin. Fl-2016, il-Federazzjoni Ġermaniża tal-Volleyball kellha madwar 430,000 membru. Iċ-champions tal-volleyball tan-nisa u tal-irġiel Ġermaniżi huma determinati kull sena, il-Lega taċ-Champions tal-Volleyball Ewropea ntrebħet diversi drabi minn klabbs Ġermaniżi u t-tim tal-irġiel tal-GDR sar ċampjins tad-dinja tal-volleyball fl-1970. </p><p>Il-basketball u l-hockey fuq is-silġ qed jikbru kontinwament f'termini ta' telespettaturi u preżenza fil-midja. Iċ-champion rekord tal-kampjonat Ġermaniż tal-hockey fuq is-silġ huwa Eisbären Berlin. Fil-basketball, Dirk Nowitzki, li kien ivvutat bħala l-aktar plejer siewi tal-kampjonat professjonali tal-Amerika ta' Fuq NBA fl-2007 u sar l-ewwel Ġermaniż li rebaħ it-titlu tal-NBA ma’ Dallas Mavericks fl-2011, kien wieħed mill-aqwa plejers fid-dinja. Il-Bundesliga tal-basketball ilha teżisti mill-1966 u ċ-champion tar-rekord huwa Bayer Giants Leverkusen. Il-ProA u l-ProB ilhom jeżistu mill-2007. Fit-Tazza tad-Dinja tal-Baskitbol tal-2023, il-Ġermanja saret ċampjins tad-dinja għall-ewwel darba. </p><p>Fl-isport tal-mutur, l-interess pubbliku huwa partikolarment iffukat fuq il-Formula 1 u d-DTM, li fihom is-sewwieqa u d-disinjaturi Ġermaniżi kisbu suċċess kbir. B'seba' titli ta' kampjonati mondjali, Michael Schumacher hu l-aktar sewwieq tal-Formula 1 ta' suċċess u Sebastian Vettel huwa l-iżgħar champion tad-dinja fl-istorja tal-Formula 1 Champion ieħor tad-dinja huwa Nico Rosberg. Iċ-champion tad-dinja Walter Röhrl kiseb fama dinjija fir-rally. It-tlielaq tal-muturi, li fihom il-fokus huwa fuq it-triq il-Kampjonat tad-Dinja jew il-MotoGP, ipproduċa ċampjins tad-dinja Ġermaniżi bħal Anton Mang, Dirk Raudies, Stefan Bradl u Sandro Cortese. </p><p>Boxers notevoli tas-seklu 20 inkludew Max Schmeling u Henry Maske, u fil-bidu tas-seklu 21 Felix Sturm, Robert Stieglitz, Sebastian Sylvester, Jürgen Brähmer, Regina Halmich u l-kickboxer Christine Theiss. L-aħwa Ukraini Vitali u Wladimir Klitschko, kif ukoll Arthur Abraham u Susianna Kentikian imwielda fl-Armenja, saru ċampjins multipli tad-dinja fil-klassijiet tal-piż rispettivi tagħhom u temmew il-karriera professjonali tagħhom għal kollox fl-istalel tal-boksing Ġermaniż. </p><p>L-isports tax-xitwa għandhom tradizzjoni twila fil-Ġermanja. Fil-bobsleigh, luge, biathlon, skiing cross-country u speed skating, atleti Ġermaniżi rebħu medalji regolarment fil-kampjonati tad-dinja u Ewropej kif ukoll fil-Logħob Olimpiku. Sportivi oħra popolari tax-xitwa huma l-iski jumping, b'Sven Hannawald, Jens Weißflog u Severin Freund huma atleti ta' suċċess partikolari, kif ukoll diversi sports ta' ski alpin. B’żewġ rebħiet Olimpiċi fil-figure skating, Katarina Witt hija waħda mill-akbar atleti fid-dixxiplina tagħha. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_(Luftbild).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/220px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/330px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/440px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Munich Olympic Park bil-kwartieri ġenerali tal-Logħob Olimpiku tas-Sajf tal-1972, l-aħħar Logħob Olimpiku fil-Ġermanja</figcaption></figure> <p>Fl-1936, il-Ġermanja Nażista ospitat l-Olimpjadi tas-Sajf tal-1936 f'Berlin u l-Logħob tax-Xitwa f'Garmisch-Partenkirchen, u r-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja ospitat il-Logħob tas-Sajf tal-1972. Fit-tabella storika tal-midalji tal-Logħob Olimpiku, il-Ġermanja tinsab fit-tielet post b'600 midalja tad-deheb (2022). </p><p>It-tennis gawda popolarità kbira, speċjalment mis-snin tmenin u disgħin, grazzi għas-suċċessi tal-atleti Ġermaniżi Boris Becker, Steffi Graf u Michael Stich. Fil-bidu tas-seklu 21, Tommy Haas u Angelique Kerber rebħu xi titli. </p><p>Il-popolarità taċ-ċikliżmu fit-toroq tiddependi fuq is-suċċessi attwali taċ-ċiklisti Ġermaniżi. Rudi Altig (fis-snin 60), Jan Ullrich (1996-2005/07) u André Greipel (2010s) huma fost l-aktar ċiklisti ta' suċċess ta' żmienhom. Fiċ-ċikliżmu fuq ġewwa, il-Ġermanja hija l-pajjiż ewlieni fin-numru ta' titli tal-kampjonati tad-dinja. B'aktar minn 70 fil-mija tat-titli tat-Tazza tad-Dinja mirbuħa, il-Ġermanja, inkluża l-GDR, hija mexxejja fid-dixxiplini taċ-ċikliżmu u ċ-ċikliżmu artistiku. </p><p>L-Assoċjazzjoni Ġermaniża tal-Isparar għandha madwar 1.4 miljun membru u madwar il-Ġermanja hemm madwar sitt miljun tiratur sportiv. </p><p>Fl-2024, kważi 95,000 membru se jiġu organizzati f'madwar 2,250 klabb tal-Federazzjoni Ġermaniża taċ-Ċess. Mill-1894 sal-1921, il-Ġermaniż Emanuel Lasker kien it-tieni ċampjin dinji taċ-ċess. Illum il-Ġermanja hija rappreżentata fil-quċċata tad-dinja minn Vincent Keymer. </p><p>Atleti Ġermaniżi kisbu wkoll suċċess kbir fi sports oħra bħall-fencing, irkib taż-żwiemel, lotta, qdif, canoeing, hockey, atletika u għawm. Timo Boll u Dimitrij Ovtcharov huma fost l-aqwa plejers fid-dinja fit-table tennis, u Martin Kaymer u Bernhard Langer fil-golf. B'635,000 golfer fl-2014, l-Assoċjazzjoni tal-Golf Ġermaniża hija waħda mill-akbar għaxar assoċjazzjonijiet fl-sport Ġermaniż. Waħda mill-aktar maratoni importanti fid-dinja hija l-Maratona ta’ Berlin, li ilha ssir mill-1974. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Midja">Midja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=79" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Midja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section's source code: Midja"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fil-Ġermanja, jiġu ppubblikati perjodikament 352 gazzetta, 27 fil-ġimgħa, 7 Ħdud, 2,450 rivista popolari u 3,753 rivista speċjalizzata. Xi wħud minn dawn il-midja huma ppubblikati mill-kumpaniji kbar Axel Springer SE, Bauer Media Group, Bertelsmann, Hubert Burda Media u l-grupp tal-midja Funke. Hemm 18-il aġenzija tal-aħbarijiet, li minnhom l-Aġenzija tal-Istampa Ġermaniża (dpa) u n-Netwerk Editorjali tal-Ġermanja (RND) huma l-aktar importanti. Il-gazzetti nazzjonali bl-akbar ċirkolazzjoni (mill-2020) huma Bild (b'ċirkolazzjoni ta' 1.27 miljun), is-Süddeutsche Zeitung (b'ċirkolazzjoni ta' 0.3 miljun), il-Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (b'ċirkolazzjoni ta' 0.2 miljun) u il-Handelsblatt (b'ċirkolazzjoni ta' 0.14 miljun). Bil-bosta, il-gazzetta ta' kull ġimgħa bl-akbar ċirkolazzjoni hija Die Zeit (ċirkolazzjoni ta' 0.55 miljun). Hemm ukoll rivisti politiċi bħal Der Spiegel u rivisti li jiffokaw fuq suġġetti popolari bħal Stern u Focus. </p><p>Fil-Ġermanja hemm 145 kanal tat-televiżjoni. Fuq it-televiżjoni hemm xandara pubbliċi bħal Das Erste u ZDF u programmi sħaħ iffinanzjati privatament, speċjalment RTL, Sat.1, Pro7, RTL Zwei, Kabel eins u VOX. F'dawn l-aħħar snin żdiedu ħafna kanali reġjonali u programmi ta' interess speċjali. </p><p>Ix-xandir fil-Ġermanja għandu organizzazzjoni doppja u prinċipalment reġjonali. Huwa maqsum f'radju pubbliku, li huwa ffinanzjat mill-ħlas tax-xandir, u fornituri privati tar-radju, li jiġġeneraw il-biċċa l-kbira tad-dħul tagħhom mir-reklamar. Fl-aħħar tal-2016, ġew irreġistrati aktar minn 300 fornitur tax-xandir, inklużi madwar 290 xandara kummerċjali u aktar minn 60 xandar pubbliku ARD, li xandru prinċipalment permezz tal-VHF, iżda dejjem aktar ukoll permezz tad-DAB. Żewġ sentenzi tal-Qorti Kostituzzjonali Federali fl-1981 u fl-1986, li ddeterminaw l-organizzazzjoni u l-kundizzjonijiet tal-qafas, huma ta' importanza kbira għall-iżvilupp. </p><p>L-aktar midja onlajn użata huma Spiegel Online (il-firxa ta' kull ġimgħa: 15%), t-online (il-firxa ta' kull ġimgħa: 14%) u l-portali tal-aħbarijiet ARD (il-firxa ta' kull ġimgħa: 13%). L-użu tal-midja attiv u passiv huwa madwar 9 sigħat kuljum (mill-2018). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soċjetà"><span id="So.C4.8Bjet.C3.A0"></span>Soċjetà</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=80" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Soċjetà" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section's source code: Soċjetà"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sonnen_und_Wolken_Kindertagesst%C3%A4tte_R%C3%B6mernest_Ladenburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sonnen_und_Wolken_Kindertagesst%C3%A4tte_R%C3%B6mernest_Ladenburg.JPG/220px-Sonnen_und_Wolken_Kindertagesst%C3%A4tte_R%C3%B6mernest_Ladenburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sonnen_und_Wolken_Kindertagesst%C3%A4tte_R%C3%B6mernest_Ladenburg.JPG/330px-Sonnen_und_Wolken_Kindertagesst%C3%A4tte_R%C3%B6mernest_Ladenburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sonnen_und_Wolken_Kindertagesst%C3%A4tte_R%C3%B6mernest_Ladenburg.JPG/440px-Sonnen_und_Wolken_Kindertagesst%C3%A4tte_R%C3%B6mernest_Ladenburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Grupp tal-kindergarten f'Ladenburg, Baden-Württemberg</figcaption></figure> <p>Skont l-Istħarriġ dwar il-Valuri Dinji, fil-Ġermanja, li huwa bbażat fuq it-tradizzjoni pluralistika tal-Illuminiżmu, il-valuri sekulari-razzjonali u l-iżvilupp personali personali huma vvalutati. Fl-oqsma tal-edukazzjoni, il-konċiljazzjoni, l-impjiegi, l-ambjent, ir-relazzjonijiet soċjali, l-akkomodazzjoni, is-sigurtà u l-benessri suġġettiv, il-popolazzjoni tirrapporta livelli ta’ sodisfazzjon ogħla mill-medja tal-pajjiżi industrijalizzati żviluppati u biss taħt il-medja fis-saħħa. B'mod ġenerali, il-Ġermanja kisbet 7 minn 10 punti fuq l-Indiċi tal-Għixien Aħjar tal-OECD fl-2015, ogħla mill-medja tal-OECD (6.5; il-Greċja 5.5, l-<a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvizzera" title="Żvizzera">Żvizzera</a> 7.6). </p><p>Fir-Rapport Dinji tal-Ferħija 2018 tan-NU, il-Ġermanja kklassifikat fil-15-il post minn 156 pajjiż. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saħħa"><span id="Sa.C4.A7.C4.A7a"></span>Saħħa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=81" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Saħħa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section's source code: Saħħa"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Uniklinikum_Mannheim_Haupteingang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Uniklinikum_Mannheim_Haupteingang.jpg/220px-Uniklinikum_Mannheim_Haupteingang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Uniklinikum_Mannheim_Haupteingang.jpg/330px-Uniklinikum_Mannheim_Haupteingang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Uniklinikum_Mannheim_Haupteingang.jpg/440px-Uniklinikum_Mannheim_Haupteingang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>L-Isptar tal-Università ta' Mannheim</figcaption></figure> <p>Is-sistema tas-saħħa Ġermaniża hija żviluppata ħafna, kif muri mir-rata baxxa ħafna ta' mortalità tat-trabi ta' madwar 3.5 subien u 3.0 bniet għal kull 1,000 twelid u stennija tal-għomor għolja, li fl-2016 kienet ta' 78.2 snin għall-irġiel u 83.1 għan-nisa. Fl-2015, l-irġiel foqra kellhom għomor ta' 70.1 snin, l-irġiel sinjuri 80.9 snin (nisa: 76.9 u 85.3 snin). Fl-2015, studju tal-OECD wera li l-pazjenti fil-Ġermanja kellhom ħinijiet qosra ta' stennija, spejjeż finanzjarji personali baxxi u ħafna għażliet. Madankollu, huwa meħtieġ li tittejjeb il-prevenzjoni, kif muri minn numru għoli ta' mard bħal mard kardjovaskulari u dijabete. Il-kwalità hija murija, fost affarijiet oħra, mill-fatt li n-nies spiss jgħixu puplesija. In-numru ta' dħul fl-isptar u operazzjonijiet huwa fost l-ewwel internazzjonalment, iżda wkoll l-ispejjeż tal-mediċini; Fl-2013, l-infiq fuq is-saħħa kien jirrappreżenta 11 fil-mija tal-PGD (medja tal-OECD: ftit inqas minn 9 %). </p><p>Is-sistema tas-saħħa tinkludi fornituri tas-servizz bħal tobba, spiżjara, infermiera, l-istat (awtoritajiet federali, statali u lokali), kumpaniji tal-assigurazzjoni tas-saħħa, inċidenti, infermiera u pensjoni, assoċjazzjonijiet legali tal-assigurazzjoni tas-saħħa, assoċjazzjonijiet ta' min iħaddem u tal-impjegati. , gruppi ta' interess u pazjenti oħra, rappreżentati parzjalment minn assoċjazzjonijiet u organizzazzjonijiet ta' għajnuna personali. L-isptarijiet huma tipikament immexxija minn organizzazzjonijiet mingħajr skop ta' qligħ, iżda qed jiġu privatizzati dejjem aktar. Servizzi ta' kura oħra huma fil-biċċa l-kbira pprovduti privatament minn ħaddiema li jaħdmu għal rashom (tobba, spiżjara u kumpaniji stabbiliti, pereżempju fl-industriji tat-teknoloġija farmaċewtika u medika). L-Istat għandu biss rwol sekondarju bħala fornitur tas-servizz lill-awtoritajiet tas-saħħa, sptarijiet muniċipali u kliniki universitarji. </p><p>Il-maġġoranza tal-popolazzjoni tappartjeni għall-assigurazzjoni tas-saħħa obbligatorja (GKV), li l-kontribuzzjonijiet tagħha huma bbażati prinċipalment fuq il-livell tad-dħul. Il-membri tal-familja li m'għandhomx id-dħul tagħhom huma ġeneralment assigurati mingħajr ma jħallsu l-kontribuzzjonijiet. Id-dritt għall-benefiċċji huwa indipendenti mill-ammont tal-kontribuzzjoni. Madwar 10.8 fil-mija ta' dawk assigurati kellhom assigurazzjoni tas-saħħa privata fl-2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edukazzjoni">Edukazzjoni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=82" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Edukazzjoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section's source code: Edukazzjoni"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:University_Library_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/University_Library_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-University_Library_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/University_Library_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-University_Library_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/University_Library_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-University_Library_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>Il-Librerija tal-Università ta' Heidelberg hija s-simbolu tal-Università ta' Heidelberg, l-eqdem università fil-Ġermanja, imwaqqfa fl-1386. Ilha parti mill-Inizjattiva ta' Eċċellenza mill-2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>Is-sistema edukattiva Ġermaniża attwali għandha l-għeruq tagħha, fost affarijiet oħra, fl-ideal edukattiv ta' Humboldt, li darba kien eżemplari madwar id-dinja, u fir-riformi edukattivi Prussjani. Id-disinn tiegħu huwa r-responsabbiltà tal-stati ("sovranità kulturali"), iżda huwa kkoordinat permezz ta' konferenzi nazzjonali tal-ministri tal-edukazzjoni, li jistabbilixxu wkoll standards edukattivi komuni. Skont l-stat federali, hemm perjodi ta' qabel l-skola u disa' sa tlettax-il sena ta' skola obbligatorja. L-attendenza ta' skejjel ta' edukazzjoni ġenerali tieħu mill-inqas disa' snin. Imbagħad tista' tattendi skejjel sekondarji jew skejjel vokazzjonali. Ħafna mill-istati federali Ġermaniżi għandhom sistema skolastika strutturata bi skejjel sekondarji, skejjel sekondarji u skejjel sekondarji, iżda hemm xejriet lejn skejjel aktar komprensivi u skejjel għall-ġurnata kollha. Skont l-stat, il-kwalifika tad-dħul fl-università tinkiseb wara tnax jew tlettax-il sena ta' skola. </p><p>Prattikament iż-żgħażagħ kollha jattendu istituzzjoni ta' edukazzjoni sekondarja wara l-iskola. L-istudenti tal-kumpanija tipikament jattendu skola vokazzjonali jum jew jumejn fil-ġimgħa, li hija magħrufa madwar id-dinja bħala mudell ta' taħriġ doppju ta' suċċess. L-ekwivalenti akkademiku huwa l-programm ta' studju doppju. L-istudenti jistgħu jagħżlu bejn kulleġġi li għadhom ma ggradwawx u kulleġġi orjentati lejn l-applikazzjoni (skejjel tekniċi). Il-proporzjon ta' akkademiċi żdied b'mod kostanti mis-snin sebgħin. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutsches_Bildungssystem-quer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Deutsches_Bildungssystem-quer.svg/220px-Deutsches_Bildungssystem-quer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Deutsches_Bildungssystem-quer.svg/330px-Deutsches_Bildungssystem-quer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Deutsches_Bildungssystem-quer.svg/440px-Deutsches_Bildungssystem-quer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Korsijiet fis-sistema edukattiva Ġermaniża.</figcaption></figure> <p>L-iżvilupp professjonali wkoll għandu rwol importanti. L-Aġenzija Federali tax-Xogħol toffri bonuses ta' taħriġ kontinwu għall-persuni qiegħda. Qabel it-taħriġ vokazzjonali tagħhom, iż-żgħażagħ jistgħu wkoll ilestu l-hekk imsejħa servizzi volontarji, bħal sena soċjali volontarja jew sena ekoloġika volontarja. Attivitajiet ta' tranżizzjoni popolari oħrajn jinkludu servizz militari volontarju u soġġorni barra l-pajjiż, pereżempju fil-forma ta' Xogħol u Ivvjaġġar jew skambju taż-żgħażagħ. </p><p>Fi studji dwar il-prestazzjoni tal-iskola, il-Ġermanja ħafna drabi tikseb riżultati medjokri jew saħansitra taħt il-medja meta mqabbla mal-bqija tad-dinja. Fl-aħħar studji PISA, il-Ġermanja rnexxielha ttejjeb: fil-klassifika tal-PISA tal-2015, l-istudenti Ġermaniżi laħqu s-16-il post minn 72 fil-matematika, il-15 fix-xjenzi naturali u l-10 fil-komprensjoni tal-qari. Il-prestazzjoni tal-istudenti Ġermaniżi kienet ogħla mill-medja tal-OECD fit-tliet kategoriji kollha. Madankollu, l-OECD tikkritika l-politika edukattiva Ġermaniża fl-istudji PISA, peress li s-suċċess skolastiku ta' tfal minn djar soċjalment jew edukattivi żvantaġġati, u b’mod partikolari dawk ta' oriġini immigranti, huwa taħt il-medja. Kuntrarjament għall-isforzi ta' riforma fl-aħħar deċennji, it-tfal tal-klassi tax-xogħol għadhom statistikament ferm inqas probabbli li jaqilgħu diploma tal-skola sekondarja jew grad tal-kulleġġ minn tfal fil-klassijiet tan-nofs jew ta' fuq. Barra minn hekk, ikun hemm nuqqas ta' differenzjazzjoni u appoġġ individwali kemm għall-studenti ta' kisba għolja kif ukoll għal dawk ta' riżultati baxxi. L-infiq fuq l-edukazzjoni (4.6% tal-prodott gross domestiku) huwa taħt il-medja tal-OECD. Huwa meqjus meħtieġ li jittejjeb l-appoġġ skolastiku fl-età ta' meta jattendu l-skola primarja, speċjalment fir-rigward tal-għażliet ta' kura u appoġġ speċifiku għal studenti aktar dgħajfa. </p><p>Mill-popolazzjoni fl-età tax-xogħol fl-2011, madwar 2.3 miljun (4 %) kienu kkunsidrati totalment illitterati u 7.5 miljun kienu meqjusa funzjonalment illitterati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xjenza">Xjenza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=83" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Xjenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section's source code: Xjenza"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg/220px-Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg/330px-Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg/440px-Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="1475" /></a><figcaption>Albert Einstein (1921), fiżiku u rebbieħ tal-Premju Nobel</figcaption></figure> <p>Il-Ġermanja hija post teknoloġiku u xjentifiku ta' importanza internazzjonali. Sa mir-Rivoluzzjoni Industrijali, riċerkaturi li jitkellmu bil-Ġermaniż kienu strumentali fit-twaqqif tax-xjenzi empiriċi. B'mod partikolari, il-prestazzjoni ekonomika ta' diversi industriji u t-trasferiment tal-għarfien fil-prattika kienu mmexxija mix-xogħol kreattiv tal-inġiniera. Madwar 8 fil-mija tal-privattivi kollha rreġistrati mad-dinja kollha taħt il-PCT fl-2016 ġew mill-Ġermanja; Dan poġġa lill-Ġermanja fir-raba’ post wara l-Istati Uniti, il-Ġappun u ċ-Ċina. </p><p>Fil-Ġermanja, l-universitajiet, l-universitajiet tekniċi u l-iskejjel tekniċi huma istituzzjonijiet ta' riċerka u tagħlim akkademiċi. L-universitajiet (tekniċi) għandhom id-dritt għal proċeduri ta' dottorat u ta' abilitazzjoni. Iż-żewġ proċeduri għandhom l-għan li juru edukazzjoni u jkun fihom għarfien xjentifiku. Bl-introduzzjoni ta' kwalifiki internazzjonali bħala parti mill-Proċess ta' Bolonja, is-separazzjoni preċedenti tal-kwalifiki bejn skejjel tekniċi u universitajiet fis-settur tal-edukazzjoni akkademika qed tiddgħajjef. Xi istituzzjonijiet ta' edukazzjoni ogħla ma joffru xejn edukazzjoni terzjarja, iżda minflok huma maħluqa għal edukazzjoni postgraduate jew esklussivament għal dottorati u kwalifiki. Ħafna mill-universitajiet Ġermaniżi jirċievu finanzjament pubbliku, iżda r-riċerka tagħhom hija ffinanzjata minn fondi ta' partijiet terzi (Fondazzjoni Ġermaniża għar-Riċerka, fondazzjonijiet, kumpaniji u oħrajn). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Alexandre_humboldt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alexandre_humboldt.jpg/220px-Alexandre_humboldt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alexandre_humboldt.jpg/330px-Alexandre_humboldt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alexandre_humboldt.jpg/440px-Alexandre_humboldt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1655" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>Alessandru ta' Humboldt (1769–1859)</figcaption></figure> <p>Minbarra l-universitajiet, hemm numru kbir ta' organizzazzjonijiet ta' riċerka li joperaw madwar il-Ġermanja u lil hinn. Fil-Ġermanja, inħolqot sistema ta' diviżjoni tax-xogħol bejn l-universitajiet, minn naħa waħda, u bejn universitajiet u istituzzjonijiet ta' riċerka mhux universitarji, min-naħa l-oħra. Is-Soċjetà Max Planck hija impenjata għar-riċerka bażika. Tmexxi 79 istitut fil-Ġermanja u għandha baġit annwali ta' 1.8 biljun ewro. L-Assoċjazzjoni Helmholtz hija l-akbar soċjetà xjentifika fil-Ġermanja u tmexxi 15-il hekk imsejħa ċentru ta' riċerka kbar li jaħdmu fuq kumplessi xjentifiċi interdixxiplinari. Is-Soċjetà Fraunhofer hija l-akbar organizzazzjoni tar-riċerka applikata. Tiġbor ir-riżultati tar-riċerka bażika fis-56 istitut tagħha u tipprova tisfruttahom ekonomikament. Jipprovdi lill-ekonomija b'servizz ta' riċerka b'kuntratt. Huwa kiseb fama dinjija grazzi għall-iżvilupp tal-format awdjo MP3. Huwa wieħed mill-akbar applikanti u sidien tal-privattivi tal-Ġermanja. L-Assoċjazzjoni Leibniz hija netwerk ta' istituzzjonijiet ta' riċerka indipendenti li jaħdmu kemm fuq ir-riċerka bażika kif ukoll dik applikata. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_(12052189474).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/220px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/330px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg/440px-Views_in_the_Main_Control_Room_%2812052189474%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Ċentru Ewropew għall-Operazzjonijiet Spazjali (ESOC), kamra tal-kontroll tal-ESA f'Darmstadt. Il-Ġermanja hija l-akbar kontributur għall-programm spazjali Ewropew.</figcaption></figure> <p>In-nefqa tal-universitajiet u l-kulleġġi tal-stat fil-Ġermanja (imsejħa wkoll edukazzjoni terzjarja fil-Ġermanja) ammontat għal aktar minn 64 biljun ewro fl-2020 (fl-2005: 30.9 biljun ewro), li hija prinċipalment iffinanzjata minn dħul mit-taxxa mill-gvernijiet federali u tal-istat. Madwar 2.9 miljun student studjaw f'universitajiet u kulleġġi fil-Ġermanja fl-2020. Minnhom, madwar 14% kienu studenti barranin. </p><p>Istituti mhux universitarji bħas-Soċjetà Fraunhofer, l-Assoċjazzjoni Helmholtz, l-Assoċjazzjoni Leibniz, is-Soċjetà Max Planck u l-Akkademji tax-Xjenzi rċevew 15.6 biljun ewro oħra. L-infiq totali fuq l-edukazzjoni, ir-riċerka u x-xjenza ammontat għal madwar €334 biljun fil-Ġermanja fl-2020. </p><p>Bosta riċerkaturi mill-oqsma kollha tax-xjenza moderna ġejjin mill-Ġermanja. Aktar minn 100 rebbieħa Nobel huma assoċjati mal-pajjiż. Albert Einstein u Max Planck waqqfu pilastri importanti tal-fiżika teoretika bit-teoriji tagħhom, li Werner Heisenberg u Max Born, pereżempju, setgħu jibnu. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, l-ewwel Rebbieħ Nobel fil-Fiżika, skopra u eżamina r-raġġi-X li jġorru ismu u li għad għandhom rwol importanti llum, fost affarijiet oħra, fid-dijanjosi medika u l-ittestjar tal-materjali. Heinrich Hertz kiteb xogħlijiet importanti dwar ir-radjazzjoni elettromanjetika li huma kruċjali għat-teknoloġija tat-telekomunikazzjoni tal-lum. L-iżviluppi ta' Karl von Drais, Nikolaus Otto, Rudolf Diesel, Gottlieb Daimler u Carl Benz irrevoluzzjonaw it-trasport, u l-burners u ż-zeppelins Bunsen msemmijin wara l-inventuri tagħhom huma magħrufa mad-dinja kollha. L-aġenzija spazjali Ġermaniża wettqet xogħol pijunier importanti fil-qasam tal-ivvjaġġar spazjali u r-riċerka spazjali u llum għandha aġenzija spazjali effiċjenti maċ-Ċentru Aerospazjali Ġermaniż (DLR). Il-Ġermanja hija wkoll l-Stat Membru li jikkontribwixxi l-aktar lill-Aġenzija Spazjali Ewropea (ESA). </p><p>Ir-riċerka kimika kienet influwenzata minn, fost oħrajn, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Otto Hahn u Justus von Liebig. Bl-invenzjonijiet ta' suċċess tagħhom, ismijiet bħal Johannes Gutenberg, Werner von Siemens, Wernher von Braun, Konrad Zuse u Philipp Reis huma parti mill-edukazzjoni teknoloġika ġenerali. Fil-Ġermanja twieldu wkoll ħafna matematiċi importanti, bħal Adam Ries, Friedrich Bessel, Richard Dedekind, Carl Friedrich Gauß, David Hilbert, Emmy Noether, Bernhard Riemann, Karl Weierstrass u Johannes Müller (Regiomontanus). Riċerkaturi u xjenzati Ġermaniżi importanti oħra huma l-astronomu Johannes Kepler, l-arkeologu Heinrich Schliemann, il-bijologu Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, l-istudjuż Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, in-naturalista Alexander von Humboldt, ir-riċerkatur reliġjuż Max Müller, l-istoriku Theodor Mommsen, is-soċjologu Theodor Maxsen. Weber u r-riċerkatur mediku Robert Koch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L-aktar_bliet_popolati">L-aktar bliet popolati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=84" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: L-aktar bliet popolati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section's source code: L-aktar bliet popolati"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cityscape_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cityscape_Berlin.jpg/120px-Cityscape_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cityscape_Berlin.jpg/180px-Cityscape_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cityscape_Berlin.jpg/240px-Cityscape_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="2300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Brandenburger_Tor_2005_006.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brandenburger_Tor_2005_006.JPG/120px-Brandenburger_Tor_2005_006.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brandenburger_Tor_2005_006.JPG/180px-Brandenburger_Tor_2005_006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Brandenburger_Tor_2005_006.JPG/240px-Brandenburger_Tor_2005_006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Washingtonplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Washingtonplatz.jpg/120px-Washingtonplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Washingtonplatz.jpg/180px-Washingtonplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Washingtonplatz.jpg/240px-Washingtonplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Schloss_Charlottenburg_zur_blauen_Stunde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Schloss_Charlottenburg_zur_blauen_Stunde.jpg/120px-Schloss_Charlottenburg_zur_blauen_Stunde.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Schloss_Charlottenburg_zur_blauen_Stunde.jpg/180px-Schloss_Charlottenburg_zur_blauen_Stunde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Schloss_Charlottenburg_zur_blauen_Stunde.jpg/240px-Schloss_Charlottenburg_zur_blauen_Stunde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5127" data-file-height="3417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Siegess%C3%A4ule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Siegess%C3%A4ule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg/120px-Siegess%C3%A4ule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Siegess%C3%A4ule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg/180px-Siegess%C3%A4ule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Siegess%C3%A4ule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg/240px-Siegess%C3%A4ule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Reichstag,_Berl%C3%ADn,_Alemania,_2016-04-21,_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg/120px-Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg/180px-Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg/240px-Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6242" data-file-height="3739" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:2013-08_View_from_Rathaus_Spandau_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spandau, Berlin"><img alt="Spandau, Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2013-08_View_from_Rathaus_Spandau_03.jpg/120px-2013-08_View_from_Rathaus_Spandau_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2013-08_View_from_Rathaus_Spandau_03.jpg/180px-2013-08_View_from_Rathaus_Spandau_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/2013-08_View_from_Rathaus_Spandau_03.jpg/240px-2013-08_View_from_Rathaus_Spandau_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5020" data-file-height="3345" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spandau, Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Staaken1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spandau, Berlin"><img alt="Spandau, Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Staaken1.JPG/120px-Staaken1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Staaken1.JPG/180px-Staaken1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Staaken1.JPG/240px-Staaken1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1167" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spandau, Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI_photo1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spandau, Berlin"><img alt="Spandau, Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI_photo1.jpg/120px-Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI_photo1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI_photo1.jpg/180px-Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI_photo1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI_photo1.jpg/240px-Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI_photo1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spandau, Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Luftbild_Falkenhagener_See.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Luftbild_Falkenhagener_See.jpg/120px-Luftbild_Falkenhagener_See.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Luftbild_Falkenhagener_See.jpg/180px-Luftbild_Falkenhagener_See.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Luftbild_Falkenhagener_See.jpg/240px-Luftbild_Falkenhagener_See.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1758" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hamburg_montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hamburgo"><img alt="Hamburgo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hamburg_montage.jpg/108px-Hamburg_montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hamburg_montage.jpg/162px-Hamburg_montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hamburg_montage.jpg/216px-Hamburg_montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hamburgo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Munich_montage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Munich"><img alt="Munich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Munich_montage.png/90px-Munich_montage.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Munich_montage.png/135px-Munich_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Munich_montage.png/180px-Munich_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="740" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Munich</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cologne_montage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cologne"><img alt="Cologne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cologne_montage.png/94px-Cologne_montage.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cologne_montage.png/141px-Cologne_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Cologne_montage.png/189px-Cologne_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cologne</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg/120px-Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg/180px-Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg/240px-Skyline_Frankfurt_am_Main_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8003" data-file-height="5622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt am Main</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg/120px-FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg/180px-FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg/240px-FFM-AlteOper-HDR--DINA4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt am Main</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_(19190136328).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29.jpg/120px-Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29.jpg/180px-Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29.jpg/240px-Europ%C3%A4ische_Zentralbank_-_European_Central_Bank_%2819190136328%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4210" data-file-height="2807" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt am Main</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg/120px-Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg/180px-Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg/240px-Frankfurter_R%C3%B6mer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1474" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt am Main</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Frankfurt_am_Main,_R%C3%B6merberg_-_Marktplatz_am_R%C3%B6mer_(14069915085).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_R%C3%B6merberg_-_Marktplatz_am_R%C3%B6mer_%2814069915085%29.jpg/120px-Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_R%C3%B6merberg_-_Marktplatz_am_R%C3%B6mer_%2814069915085%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_R%C3%B6merberg_-_Marktplatz_am_R%C3%B6mer_%2814069915085%29.jpg/180px-Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_R%C3%B6merberg_-_Marktplatz_am_R%C3%B6mer_%2814069915085%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_R%C3%B6merberg_-_Marktplatz_am_R%C3%B6mer_%2814069915085%29.jpg/240px-Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_R%C3%B6merberg_-_Marktplatz_am_R%C3%B6mer_%2814069915085%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4238" data-file-height="2941" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt am Main</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Frankfurt_2013_-_panoramio_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankfurt am Main"><img alt="Frankfurt am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Frankfurt_2013_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/120px-Frankfurt_2013_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Frankfurt_2013_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/180px-Frankfurt_2013_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Frankfurt_2013_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/240px-Frankfurt_2013_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6219" data-file-height="1838" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankfurt am Main</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg/120px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg/180px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg/240px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5999" data-file-height="2571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Düsseldorf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:D_medienhafen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/D_medienhafen.jpg/120px-D_medienhafen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/D_medienhafen.jpg/180px-D_medienhafen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/D_medienhafen.jpg/240px-D_medienhafen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Düsseldorf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg/120px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg/180px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg/240px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00667.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Düsseldorf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg/120px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg/180px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg/240px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00589.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Düsseldorf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/120px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/180px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg/240px-Koenigsallee_2019_-WPWP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Düsseldorf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Düsseldorf"><img alt="Düsseldorf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg/120px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg/180px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg/240px-D%C3%BCsseldorf_Benrath_-_Schlosspark_-_Statuen_31_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Düsseldorf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Old_city_hall_of_Leipzig_(20).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leipzig"><img alt="Leipzig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Old_city_hall_of_Leipzig_%2820%29.jpg/120px-Old_city_hall_of_Leipzig_%2820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Old_city_hall_of_Leipzig_%2820%29.jpg/180px-Old_city_hall_of_Leipzig_%2820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Old_city_hall_of_Leipzig_%2820%29.jpg/240px-Old_city_hall_of_Leipzig_%2820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5371" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leipzig</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Leipzig_(Rathausturm,_Neues_Rathaus)_18_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leipzig"><img alt="Leipzig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Leipzig_%28Rathausturm%2C_Neues_Rathaus%29_18_ies.jpg/120px-Leipzig_%28Rathausturm%2C_Neues_Rathaus%29_18_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Leipzig_%28Rathausturm%2C_Neues_Rathaus%29_18_ies.jpg/180px-Leipzig_%28Rathausturm%2C_Neues_Rathaus%29_18_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Leipzig_%28Rathausturm%2C_Neues_Rathaus%29_18_ies.jpg/240px-Leipzig_%28Rathausturm%2C_Neues_Rathaus%29_18_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3746" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leipzig</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_blaue_Stunde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leipzig"><img alt="Leipzig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_blaue_Stunde.jpg/120px-V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_blaue_Stunde.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_blaue_Stunde.jpg/180px-V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_blaue_Stunde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_blaue_Stunde.jpg/240px-V%C3%B6lkerschlachtdenkmal_blaue_Stunde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5496" data-file-height="3670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leipzig</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Das_Gewandhaus_und_der_Mendebrunnen_in_Leipzig_bei_Nacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leipzig"><img alt="Leipzig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Das_Gewandhaus_und_der_Mendebrunnen_in_Leipzig_bei_Nacht.jpg/120px-Das_Gewandhaus_und_der_Mendebrunnen_in_Leipzig_bei_Nacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Das_Gewandhaus_und_der_Mendebrunnen_in_Leipzig_bei_Nacht.jpg/180px-Das_Gewandhaus_und_der_Mendebrunnen_in_Leipzig_bei_Nacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Das_Gewandhaus_und_der_Mendebrunnen_in_Leipzig_bei_Nacht.jpg/240px-Das_Gewandhaus_und_der_Mendebrunnen_in_Leipzig_bei_Nacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leipzig</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Altes_Rathaus,_Nikolaikirche,_von_Norden_Leipzig_20180814_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leipzig"><img alt="Leipzig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Altes_Rathaus%2C_Nikolaikirche%2C_von_Norden_Leipzig_20180814_001.jpg/120px-Altes_Rathaus%2C_Nikolaikirche%2C_von_Norden_Leipzig_20180814_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Altes_Rathaus%2C_Nikolaikirche%2C_von_Norden_Leipzig_20180814_001.jpg/180px-Altes_Rathaus%2C_Nikolaikirche%2C_von_Norden_Leipzig_20180814_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Altes_Rathaus%2C_Nikolaikirche%2C_von_Norden_Leipzig_20180814_001.jpg/240px-Altes_Rathaus%2C_Nikolaikirche%2C_von_Norden_Leipzig_20180814_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4946" data-file-height="3302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leipzig</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Leipzig-Hauptbahnhof-overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leipzig"><img alt="Leipzig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Leipzig-Hauptbahnhof-overview.jpg/120px-Leipzig-Hauptbahnhof-overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Leipzig-Hauptbahnhof-overview.jpg/180px-Leipzig-Hauptbahnhof-overview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Leipzig-Hauptbahnhof-overview.jpg/240px-Leipzig-Hauptbahnhof-overview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leipzig</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Dortmund_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dortmund"><img alt="Dortmund" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dortmund_Panorama.jpg/120px-Dortmund_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dortmund_Panorama.jpg/180px-Dortmund_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dortmund_Panorama.jpg/240px-Dortmund_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1892" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dortmund</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Konzerthaus_Dortmud_Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dortmund"><img alt="Dortmund" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Konzerthaus_Dortmud_Detail.jpg/120px-Konzerthaus_Dortmud_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Konzerthaus_Dortmud_Detail.jpg/180px-Konzerthaus_Dortmud_Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Konzerthaus_Dortmud_Detail.jpg/240px-Konzerthaus_Dortmud_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dortmund</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Dortmunder_U_mit_Animation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dortmund"><img alt="Dortmund" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dortmunder_U_mit_Animation.jpg/120px-Dortmunder_U_mit_Animation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dortmunder_U_mit_Animation.jpg/180px-Dortmunder_U_mit_Animation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Dortmunder_U_mit_Animation.jpg/240px-Dortmunder_U_mit_Animation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dortmund</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dortmund"><img alt="Dortmund" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_2.jpg/120px-Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_2.jpg/180px-Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_2.jpg/240px-Signal_iduna_park_stadium_dortmund_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dortmund</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Essen_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Essen"><img alt="Essen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Essen_Panorama.jpg/120px-Essen_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Essen_Panorama.jpg/180px-Essen_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Essen_Panorama.jpg/240px-Essen_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4533" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Essen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Schloss-Borbeck-Komplettansicht-Sonnenuntergang-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Essen"><img alt="Essen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Schloss-Borbeck-Komplettansicht-Sonnenuntergang-2012.jpg/120px-Schloss-Borbeck-Komplettansicht-Sonnenuntergang-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Schloss-Borbeck-Komplettansicht-Sonnenuntergang-2012.jpg/180px-Schloss-Borbeck-Komplettansicht-Sonnenuntergang-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Schloss-Borbeck-Komplettansicht-Sonnenuntergang-2012.jpg/240px-Schloss-Borbeck-Komplettansicht-Sonnenuntergang-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7112" data-file-height="4746" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Essen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Essen-S%C3%BCdviertel_Luft.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Essen"><img alt="Essen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Essen-S%C3%BCdviertel_Luft.jpg/120px-Essen-S%C3%BCdviertel_Luft.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Essen-S%C3%BCdviertel_Luft.jpg/180px-Essen-S%C3%BCdviertel_Luft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Essen-S%C3%BCdviertel_Luft.jpg/240px-Essen-S%C3%BCdviertel_Luft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="957" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Essen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Zollverein_8107_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Essen"><img alt="Essen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Zollverein_8107_2.jpg/120px-Zollverein_8107_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Zollverein_8107_2.jpg/180px-Zollverein_8107_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Zollverein_8107_2.jpg/240px-Zollverein_8107_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="3171" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Essen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Villa_H%C3%BCgel,_Essen,_20071222.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Essen"><img alt="Essen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Villa_H%C3%BCgel%2C_Essen%2C_20071222.jpg/120px-Villa_H%C3%BCgel%2C_Essen%2C_20071222.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Villa_H%C3%BCgel%2C_Essen%2C_20071222.jpg/180px-Villa_H%C3%BCgel%2C_Essen%2C_20071222.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Villa_H%C3%BCgel%2C_Essen%2C_20071222.jpg/240px-Villa_H%C3%BCgel%2C_Essen%2C_20071222.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Essen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Essen,_Saalbau,_2017-04_CN-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Essen"><img alt="Essen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Essen%2C_Saalbau%2C_2017-04_CN-07.jpg/120px-Essen%2C_Saalbau%2C_2017-04_CN-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Essen%2C_Saalbau%2C_2017-04_CN-07.jpg/180px-Essen%2C_Saalbau%2C_2017-04_CN-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Essen%2C_Saalbau%2C_2017-04_CN-07.jpg/240px-Essen%2C_Saalbau%2C_2017-04_CN-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9535" data-file-height="3328" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Essen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:13-04-20-bremen-by-RalfR-026.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bremen"><img alt="Bremen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/13-04-20-bremen-by-RalfR-026.jpg/120px-13-04-20-bremen-by-RalfR-026.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/13-04-20-bremen-by-RalfR-026.jpg/180px-13-04-20-bremen-by-RalfR-026.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/13-04-20-bremen-by-RalfR-026.jpg/240px-13-04-20-bremen-by-RalfR-026.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bremen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:00_1389_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bremen"><img alt="Bremen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/00_1389_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg/120px-00_1389_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/00_1389_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg/180px-00_1389_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/00_1389_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg/240px-00_1389_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bremen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:00_1383_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bremen"><img alt="Bremen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/00_1383_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg/120px-00_1383_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/00_1383_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg/180px-00_1383_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/00_1383_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg/240px-00_1383_Hansestadt_Bremen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bremen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Schnoor_Bremen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bremen"><img alt="Bremen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Schnoor_Bremen.jpg/120px-Schnoor_Bremen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Schnoor_Bremen.jpg/180px-Schnoor_Bremen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Schnoor_Bremen.jpg/240px-Schnoor_Bremen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bremen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen_zweiter_flug_0587_(retouched).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bremen"><img alt="Bremen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen_zweiter_flug_0587_%28retouched%29.JPG/120px-2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen_zweiter_flug_0587_%28retouched%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen_zweiter_flug_0587_%28retouched%29.JPG/180px-2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen_zweiter_flug_0587_%28retouched%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen_zweiter_flug_0587_%28retouched%29.JPG/240px-2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen_zweiter_flug_0587_%28retouched%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bremen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bremer_Musikanten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bremen"><img alt="Bremen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bremer_Musikanten.jpg/80px-Bremer_Musikanten.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bremer_Musikanten.jpg/120px-Bremer_Musikanten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bremer_Musikanten.jpg/160px-Bremer_Musikanten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bremen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Dresden_Montage_(2016).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dresde"><img alt="Dresde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dresden_Montage_%282016%29.png/86px-Dresden_Montage_%282016%29.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dresden_Montage_%282016%29.png/128px-Dresden_Montage_%282016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dresden_Montage_%282016%29.png/171px-Dresden_Montage_%282016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dresde</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hannover"><img alt="Hannover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg/120px-Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg/180px-Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg/240px-Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hannover</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hannover_old_townhall_Karmarschstrasse_Mitte_Hannover_Germany_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hannover"><img alt="Hannover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hannover_old_townhall_Karmarschstrasse_Mitte_Hannover_Germany_01.jpg/120px-Hannover_old_townhall_Karmarschstrasse_Mitte_Hannover_Germany_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hannover_old_townhall_Karmarschstrasse_Mitte_Hannover_Germany_01.jpg/180px-Hannover_old_townhall_Karmarschstrasse_Mitte_Hannover_Germany_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hannover_old_townhall_Karmarschstrasse_Mitte_Hannover_Germany_01.jpg/240px-Hannover_old_townhall_Karmarschstrasse_Mitte_Hannover_Germany_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5398" data-file-height="3599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hannover</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Marktkirche_St_Georgii_et_Jacobi_Mitte_Hannover_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hannover"><img alt="Hannover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Marktkirche_St_Georgii_et_Jacobi_Mitte_Hannover_Germany.jpg/120px-Marktkirche_St_Georgii_et_Jacobi_Mitte_Hannover_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Marktkirche_St_Georgii_et_Jacobi_Mitte_Hannover_Germany.jpg/180px-Marktkirche_St_Georgii_et_Jacobi_Mitte_Hannover_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Marktkirche_St_Georgii_et_Jacobi_Mitte_Hannover_Germany.jpg/240px-Marktkirche_St_Georgii_et_Jacobi_Mitte_Hannover_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5284" data-file-height="3523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hannover</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Herrenh%C3%A4user_g%C3%A4rten_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hannover"><img alt="Hannover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Herrenh%C3%A4user_g%C3%A4rten_2.jpg/120px-Herrenh%C3%A4user_g%C3%A4rten_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Herrenh%C3%A4user_g%C3%A4rten_2.jpg/180px-Herrenh%C3%A4user_g%C3%A4rten_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Herrenh%C3%A4user_g%C3%A4rten_2.jpg/240px-Herrenh%C3%A4user_g%C3%A4rten_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hannover</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Neues_Rathaus_bei_Nacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hannover"><img alt="Hannover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Neues_Rathaus_bei_Nacht.jpg/120px-Neues_Rathaus_bei_Nacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Neues_Rathaus_bei_Nacht.jpg/180px-Neues_Rathaus_bei_Nacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Neues_Rathaus_bei_Nacht.jpg/240px-Neues_Rathaus_bei_Nacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2369" data-file-height="1579" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hannover</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Universit%C3%A4t_Hannover_-_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_-_B02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hannover"><img alt="Hannover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Universit%C3%A4t_Hannover_-_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_-_B02.jpg/120px-Universit%C3%A4t_Hannover_-_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_-_B02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Universit%C3%A4t_Hannover_-_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_-_B02.jpg/180px-Universit%C3%A4t_Hannover_-_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_-_B02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Universit%C3%A4t_Hannover_-_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_-_B02.jpg/240px-Universit%C3%A4t_Hannover_-_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_-_B02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6286" data-file-height="1956" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hannover</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:N%C3%BCrnberg_Gostenhof_gen_Ost.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuremberg"><img alt="Nuremberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/N%C3%BCrnberg_Gostenhof_gen_Ost.jpg/120px-N%C3%BCrnberg_Gostenhof_gen_Ost.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/N%C3%BCrnberg_Gostenhof_gen_Ost.jpg/180px-N%C3%BCrnberg_Gostenhof_gen_Ost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/N%C3%BCrnberg_Gostenhof_gen_Ost.jpg/240px-N%C3%BCrnberg_Gostenhof_gen_Ost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuremberg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:N%C3%BCrnberger_Burg_im_Herbst_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuremberg"><img alt="Nuremberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/N%C3%BCrnberger_Burg_im_Herbst_2013.jpg/120px-N%C3%BCrnberger_Burg_im_Herbst_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/N%C3%BCrnberger_Burg_im_Herbst_2013.jpg/180px-N%C3%BCrnberger_Burg_im_Herbst_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/N%C3%BCrnberger_Burg_im_Herbst_2013.jpg/240px-N%C3%BCrnberger_Burg_im_Herbst_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5985" data-file-height="3980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuremberg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Maxbr%C3%BCcke_N%C3%BCrnberg_Nacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuremberg"><img alt="Nuremberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maxbr%C3%BCcke_N%C3%BCrnberg_Nacht.jpg/120px-Maxbr%C3%BCcke_N%C3%BCrnberg_Nacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maxbr%C3%BCcke_N%C3%BCrnberg_Nacht.jpg/180px-Maxbr%C3%BCcke_N%C3%BCrnberg_Nacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Maxbr%C3%BCcke_N%C3%BCrnberg_Nacht.jpg/240px-Maxbr%C3%BCcke_N%C3%BCrnberg_Nacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4729" data-file-height="3153" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuremberg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Staatstheater_N%C3%BCrnberg_2006-08-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuremberg"><img alt="Nuremberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Staatstheater_N%C3%BCrnberg_2006-08-08.jpg/120px-Staatstheater_N%C3%BCrnberg_2006-08-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Staatstheater_N%C3%BCrnberg_2006-08-08.jpg/180px-Staatstheater_N%C3%BCrnberg_2006-08-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Staatstheater_N%C3%BCrnberg_2006-08-08.jpg/240px-Staatstheater_N%C3%BCrnberg_2006-08-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuremberg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:N%C3%BCrnberg-(Frauenkirche)-damir-zg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuremberg"><img alt="Nuremberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/N%C3%BCrnberg-%28Frauenkirche%29-damir-zg.jpg/120px-N%C3%BCrnberg-%28Frauenkirche%29-damir-zg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/N%C3%BCrnberg-%28Frauenkirche%29-damir-zg.jpg/180px-N%C3%BCrnberg-%28Frauenkirche%29-damir-zg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/N%C3%BCrnberg-%28Frauenkirche%29-damir-zg.jpg/240px-N%C3%BCrnberg-%28Frauenkirche%29-damir-zg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3455" data-file-height="2591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuremberg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Nuernberg-Panorama-Burg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuremberg"><img alt="Nuremberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nuernberg-Panorama-Burg.jpg/120px-Nuernberg-Panorama-Burg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nuernberg-Panorama-Burg.jpg/180px-Nuernberg-Panorama-Burg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nuernberg-Panorama-Burg.jpg/240px-Nuernberg-Panorama-Burg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1923" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuremberg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Innenhafen_Duisburg_Blaue_Stunde_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duisburg"><img alt="Duisburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Innenhafen_Duisburg_Blaue_Stunde_2014.jpg/120px-Innenhafen_Duisburg_Blaue_Stunde_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Innenhafen_Duisburg_Blaue_Stunde_2014.jpg/180px-Innenhafen_Duisburg_Blaue_Stunde_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Innenhafen_Duisburg_Blaue_Stunde_2014.jpg/240px-Innenhafen_Duisburg_Blaue_Stunde_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4605" data-file-height="2738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duisburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hafen_Duisburg_Rhein_-Luftbild_(51720286199).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duisburg"><img alt="Duisburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hafen_Duisburg_Rhein_-Luftbild_%2851720286199%29.jpg/120px-Hafen_Duisburg_Rhein_-Luftbild_%2851720286199%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hafen_Duisburg_Rhein_-Luftbild_%2851720286199%29.jpg/180px-Hafen_Duisburg_Rhein_-Luftbild_%2851720286199%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hafen_Duisburg_Rhein_-Luftbild_%2851720286199%29.jpg/240px-Hafen_Duisburg_Rhein_-Luftbild_%2851720286199%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duisburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Innenhafen_Duisburg_Five_Boats_mit_Marina_Sonnenuntergang_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duisburg"><img alt="Duisburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Innenhafen_Duisburg_Five_Boats_mit_Marina_Sonnenuntergang_2014.jpg/120px-Innenhafen_Duisburg_Five_Boats_mit_Marina_Sonnenuntergang_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Innenhafen_Duisburg_Five_Boats_mit_Marina_Sonnenuntergang_2014.jpg/180px-Innenhafen_Duisburg_Five_Boats_mit_Marina_Sonnenuntergang_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Innenhafen_Duisburg_Five_Boats_mit_Marina_Sonnenuntergang_2014.jpg/240px-Innenhafen_Duisburg_Five_Boats_mit_Marina_Sonnenuntergang_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="2814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duisburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Landesarchiv_NRW_Duisburg-4395.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duisburg"><img alt="Duisburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Landesarchiv_NRW_Duisburg-4395.jpg/120px-Landesarchiv_NRW_Duisburg-4395.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Landesarchiv_NRW_Duisburg-4395.jpg/180px-Landesarchiv_NRW_Duisburg-4395.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Landesarchiv_NRW_Duisburg-4395.jpg/240px-Landesarchiv_NRW_Duisburg-4395.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3274" data-file-height="2456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duisburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bochum_(DerHexer)_2010-08-12_050.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bochum"><img alt="Bochum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bochum_%28DerHexer%29_2010-08-12_050.jpg/120px-Bochum_%28DerHexer%29_2010-08-12_050.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bochum_%28DerHexer%29_2010-08-12_050.jpg/180px-Bochum_%28DerHexer%29_2010-08-12_050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bochum_%28DerHexer%29_2010-08-12_050.jpg/240px-Bochum_%28DerHexer%29_2010-08-12_050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4273" data-file-height="2837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bochum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Wuppertal_ansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wuppertal"><img alt="Wuppertal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wuppertal_ansicht.jpg/120px-Wuppertal_ansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wuppertal_ansicht.jpg/180px-Wuppertal_ansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wuppertal_ansicht.jpg/240px-Wuppertal_ansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wuppertal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sparrenburg_innovative_sights.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bielefeld"><img alt="Bielefeld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sparrenburg_innovative_sights.JPG/120px-Sparrenburg_innovative_sights.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sparrenburg_innovative_sights.JPG/180px-Sparrenburg_innovative_sights.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sparrenburg_innovative_sights.JPG/240px-Sparrenburg_innovative_sights.JPG 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bielefeld</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:General_view_over_bonn_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonn"><img alt="Bonn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-General_view_over_bonn_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3341" data-file-height="2506" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bonn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Münster"><img alt="Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg/120px-Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg/180px-Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg/240px-Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Münster</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:M%C3%BCnster,_Historisches_Rathaus_--_2014_--_6855.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Münster"><img alt="Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/M%C3%BCnster%2C_Historisches_Rathaus_--_2014_--_6855.jpg/75px-M%C3%BCnster%2C_Historisches_Rathaus_--_2014_--_6855.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/M%C3%BCnster%2C_Historisches_Rathaus_--_2014_--_6855.jpg/112px-M%C3%BCnster%2C_Historisches_Rathaus_--_2014_--_6855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/M%C3%BCnster%2C_Historisches_Rathaus_--_2014_--_6855.jpg/150px-M%C3%BCnster%2C_Historisches_Rathaus_--_2014_--_6855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="3465" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Münster</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannheim"><img alt="Mannheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg/120px-Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg/180px-Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg/240px-Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mannheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Die_Jesuitenkirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannheim"><img alt="Mannheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Die_Jesuitenkirche.jpg/120px-Die_Jesuitenkirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Die_Jesuitenkirche.jpg/180px-Die_Jesuitenkirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Die_Jesuitenkirche.jpg/240px-Die_Jesuitenkirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mannheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Luisenpark_Mannheim_Gondolettas.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannheim"><img alt="Mannheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Luisenpark_Mannheim_Gondolettas.JPG/120px-Luisenpark_Mannheim_Gondolettas.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Luisenpark_Mannheim_Gondolettas.JPG/180px-Luisenpark_Mannheim_Gondolettas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Luisenpark_Mannheim_Gondolettas.JPG/240px-Luisenpark_Mannheim_Gondolettas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mannheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mannheim_wasserspiele.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannheim"><img alt="Mannheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mannheim_wasserspiele.jpg/120px-Mannheim_wasserspiele.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mannheim_wasserspiele.jpg/180px-Mannheim_wasserspiele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mannheim_wasserspiele.jpg/240px-Mannheim_wasserspiele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mannheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:MA-Friedrichsplatz-0329.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannheim"><img alt="Mannheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MA-Friedrichsplatz-0329.jpg/120px-MA-Friedrichsplatz-0329.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MA-Friedrichsplatz-0329.jpg/180px-MA-Friedrichsplatz-0329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/MA-Friedrichsplatz-0329.jpg/240px-MA-Friedrichsplatz-0329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mannheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Schloss_Karlsruhe_und_F%C3%A4cherstadt_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karlsruhe"><img alt="Karlsruhe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Schloss_Karlsruhe_und_F%C3%A4cherstadt_2.jpg/120px-Schloss_Karlsruhe_und_F%C3%A4cherstadt_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Schloss_Karlsruhe_und_F%C3%A4cherstadt_2.jpg/180px-Schloss_Karlsruhe_und_F%C3%A4cherstadt_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Schloss_Karlsruhe_und_F%C3%A4cherstadt_2.jpg/240px-Schloss_Karlsruhe_und_F%C3%A4cherstadt_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5511" data-file-height="3674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Karlsruhe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Calle_de_Maximilian,_Augsburgo,_Alemania,_2021-06-04,_DD_23-25_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augsburg"><img alt="Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Calle_de_Maximilian%2C_Augsburgo%2C_Alemania%2C_2021-06-04%2C_DD_23-25_HDR.jpg/120px-Calle_de_Maximilian%2C_Augsburgo%2C_Alemania%2C_2021-06-04%2C_DD_23-25_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Calle_de_Maximilian%2C_Augsburgo%2C_Alemania%2C_2021-06-04%2C_DD_23-25_HDR.jpg/180px-Calle_de_Maximilian%2C_Augsburgo%2C_Alemania%2C_2021-06-04%2C_DD_23-25_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Calle_de_Maximilian%2C_Augsburgo%2C_Alemania%2C_2021-06-04%2C_DD_23-25_HDR.jpg/240px-Calle_de_Maximilian%2C_Augsburgo%2C_Alemania%2C_2021-06-04%2C_DD_23-25_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5836" data-file-height="3581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Augsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiesbaden"><img alt="Wiesbaden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg/120px-MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg/180px-MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg/240px-MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2764" data-file-height="1555" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wiesbaden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:BambergerWiesbaden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiesbaden"><img alt="Wiesbaden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BambergerWiesbaden.jpg/120px-BambergerWiesbaden.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BambergerWiesbaden.jpg/180px-BambergerWiesbaden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BambergerWiesbaden.jpg/240px-BambergerWiesbaden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="834" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wiesbaden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:M%C3%B6nchengladbach_m%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mönchengladbach"><img alt="Mönchengladbach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/M%C3%B6nchengladbach_m%C3%BCnster.jpg/120px-M%C3%B6nchengladbach_m%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/M%C3%B6nchengladbach_m%C3%BCnster.jpg/180px-M%C3%B6nchengladbach_m%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/M%C3%B6nchengladbach_m%C3%BCnster.jpg/240px-M%C3%B6nchengladbach_m%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mönchengladbach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Gelsenkirchen_aug2004_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gelsenkirchen"><img alt="Gelsenkirchen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gelsenkirchen_aug2004_002.jpg/120px-Gelsenkirchen_aug2004_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gelsenkirchen_aug2004_002.jpg/180px-Gelsenkirchen_aug2004_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gelsenkirchen_aug2004_002.jpg/240px-Gelsenkirchen_aug2004_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gelsenkirchen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:KaiserKarlsGymnasium.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aachen"><img alt="Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/KaiserKarlsGymnasium.jpg/120px-KaiserKarlsGymnasium.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/KaiserKarlsGymnasium.jpg/180px-KaiserKarlsGymnasium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/KaiserKarlsGymnasium.jpg/240px-KaiserKarlsGymnasium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aachen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:20171029_SchlossFassade_RL_breit_DSC00157_PtrQs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunswick"><img alt="Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/20171029_SchlossFassade_RL_breit_DSC00157_PtrQs.jpg/120px-20171029_SchlossFassade_RL_breit_DSC00157_PtrQs.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/20171029_SchlossFassade_RL_breit_DSC00157_PtrQs.jpg/180px-20171029_SchlossFassade_RL_breit_DSC00157_PtrQs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/20171029_SchlossFassade_RL_breit_DSC00157_PtrQs.jpg/240px-20171029_SchlossFassade_RL_breit_DSC00157_PtrQs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunswick</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Braunschweig_Alte_Waage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunswick"><img alt="Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Braunschweig_Alte_Waage.jpg/120px-Braunschweig_Alte_Waage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Braunschweig_Alte_Waage.jpg/180px-Braunschweig_Alte_Waage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Braunschweig_Alte_Waage.jpg/240px-Braunschweig_Alte_Waage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2486" data-file-height="1656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunswick</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Happy_Rizzi_House_Mai_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunswick"><img alt="Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Happy_Rizzi_House_Mai_2014.jpg/120px-Happy_Rizzi_House_Mai_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Happy_Rizzi_House_Mai_2014.jpg/180px-Happy_Rizzi_House_Mai_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Happy_Rizzi_House_Mai_2014.jpg/240px-Happy_Rizzi_House_Mai_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5311" data-file-height="3541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunswick</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:BraunschweigAltstadtmarkt2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunswick"><img alt="Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BraunschweigAltstadtmarkt2022.jpg/120px-BraunschweigAltstadtmarkt2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BraunschweigAltstadtmarkt2022.jpg/180px-BraunschweigAltstadtmarkt2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/BraunschweigAltstadtmarkt2022.jpg/240px-BraunschweigAltstadtmarkt2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8646" data-file-height="5764" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunswick</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Braunschweig_Rathaus_Westseite_(2012).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunswick"><img alt="Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Braunschweig_Rathaus_Westseite_%282012%29.JPG/120px-Braunschweig_Rathaus_Westseite_%282012%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Braunschweig_Rathaus_Westseite_%282012%29.JPG/180px-Braunschweig_Rathaus_Westseite_%282012%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Braunschweig_Rathaus_Westseite_%282012%29.JPG/240px-Braunschweig_Rathaus_Westseite_%282012%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunswick</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sankt_Michaelis_Braunschweig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunswick"><img alt="Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sankt_Michaelis_Braunschweig.jpg/120px-Sankt_Michaelis_Braunschweig.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sankt_Michaelis_Braunschweig.jpg/180px-Sankt_Michaelis_Braunschweig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sankt_Michaelis_Braunschweig.jpg/240px-Sankt_Michaelis_Braunschweig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4053" data-file-height="2277" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunswick</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Braunschweig_Burg_Dankwarderode_mit_Loewe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Brunswick"><img alt="Brunswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Braunschweig_Burg_Dankwarderode_mit_Loewe.JPG/120px-Braunschweig_Burg_Dankwarderode_mit_Loewe.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Braunschweig_Burg_Dankwarderode_mit_Loewe.JPG/180px-Braunschweig_Burg_Dankwarderode_mit_Loewe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Braunschweig_Burg_Dankwarderode_mit_Loewe.JPG/240px-Braunschweig_Burg_Dankwarderode_mit_Loewe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brunswick</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Schlo%C3%9Fkirche_am_Schlo%C3%9Fteich..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chemnitz"><img alt="Chemnitz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schlo%C3%9Fkirche_am_Schlo%C3%9Fteich..jpg/120px-Schlo%C3%9Fkirche_am_Schlo%C3%9Fteich..jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schlo%C3%9Fkirche_am_Schlo%C3%9Fteich..jpg/180px-Schlo%C3%9Fkirche_am_Schlo%C3%9Fteich..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Schlo%C3%9Fkirche_am_Schlo%C3%9Fteich..jpg/240px-Schlo%C3%9Fkirche_am_Schlo%C3%9Fteich..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chemnitz</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kiel"><img alt="Kiel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg/120px-KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg/180px-KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg/240px-KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kiel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Blick_Marktkirche_Halle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halle (Sajonia-Anhalt)"><img alt="Halle (Sajonia-Anhalt)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blick_Marktkirche_Halle.jpg/120px-Blick_Marktkirche_Halle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blick_Marktkirche_Halle.jpg/180px-Blick_Marktkirche_Halle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blick_Marktkirche_Halle.jpg/240px-Blick_Marktkirche_Halle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Halle (Sajonia-Anhalt)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg"><img alt="Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/120px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/180px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/240px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Magdeburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Freiburger_M%C3%BCnster_-_51732844331.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Freiburg im Breisgau"><img alt="Freiburg im Breisgau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Freiburger_M%C3%BCnster_-_51732844331.jpg/120px-Freiburger_M%C3%BCnster_-_51732844331.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Freiburger_M%C3%BCnster_-_51732844331.jpg/180px-Freiburger_M%C3%BCnster_-_51732844331.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Freiburger_M%C3%BCnster_-_51732844331.jpg/240px-Freiburger_M%C3%BCnster_-_51732844331.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="2708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Freiburg im Breisgau</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rathaus-krefeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krefeld"><img alt="Krefeld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rathaus-krefeld.jpg/120px-Rathaus-krefeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rathaus-krefeld.jpg/180px-Rathaus-krefeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rathaus-krefeld.jpg/240px-Rathaus-krefeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Krefeld</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mainz_altstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maguncia"><img alt="Maguncia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mainz_altstadt.jpg/120px-Mainz_altstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mainz_altstadt.jpg/180px-Mainz_altstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mainz_altstadt.jpg/240px-Mainz_altstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maguncia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Aerial_image_of_L%C3%BCbeck_(view_from_the_southwest).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lübeck"><img alt="Lübeck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Aerial_image_of_L%C3%BCbeck_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg/120px-Aerial_image_of_L%C3%BCbeck_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Aerial_image_of_L%C3%BCbeck_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg/180px-Aerial_image_of_L%C3%BCbeck_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Aerial_image_of_L%C3%BCbeck_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg/240px-Aerial_image_of_L%C3%BCbeck_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lübeck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Erfurter_Dom_von_Oben_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Érfurt"><img alt="Érfurt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Erfurter_Dom_von_Oben_08.jpg/120px-Erfurter_Dom_von_Oben_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Erfurter_Dom_von_Oben_08.jpg/180px-Erfurter_Dom_von_Oben_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Erfurter_Dom_von_Oben_08.jpg/240px-Erfurter_Dom_von_Oben_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="3288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Érfurt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Oberhausen_-_Neue_Mitte%2BGasometer_(Aussichtsturm_Knappenhalde)_01_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oberhausen"><img alt="Oberhausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Oberhausen_-_Neue_Mitte%2BGasometer_%28Aussichtsturm_Knappenhalde%29_01_ies.jpg/120px-Oberhausen_-_Neue_Mitte%2BGasometer_%28Aussichtsturm_Knappenhalde%29_01_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Oberhausen_-_Neue_Mitte%2BGasometer_%28Aussichtsturm_Knappenhalde%29_01_ies.jpg/180px-Oberhausen_-_Neue_Mitte%2BGasometer_%28Aussichtsturm_Knappenhalde%29_01_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Oberhausen_-_Neue_Mitte%2BGasometer_%28Aussichtsturm_Knappenhalde%29_01_ies.jpg/240px-Oberhausen_-_Neue_Mitte%2BGasometer_%28Aussichtsturm_Knappenhalde%29_01_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oberhausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rostock_asv2018-05_img42_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rostock"><img alt="Rostock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rostock_asv2018-05_img42_aerial_view.jpg/120px-Rostock_asv2018-05_img42_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rostock_asv2018-05_img42_aerial_view.jpg/180px-Rostock_asv2018-05_img42_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rostock_asv2018-05_img42_aerial_view.jpg/240px-Rostock_asv2018-05_img42_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4722" data-file-height="3148" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rostock</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:00_1189_Blick_vom_Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he,_Kassel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kassel"><img alt="Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/00_1189_Blick_vom_Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel.jpg/120px-00_1189_Blick_vom_Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/00_1189_Blick_vom_Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel.jpg/180px-00_1189_Blick_vom_Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/00_1189_Blick_vom_Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel.jpg/240px-00_1189_Blick_vom_Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3603" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kassel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Palacio_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he,_Kassel,_Alemania,_2013-10-19,_DD_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kassel"><img alt="Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Palacio_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-10-19%2C_DD_04.JPG/120px-Palacio_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-10-19%2C_DD_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Palacio_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-10-19%2C_DD_04.JPG/180px-Palacio_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-10-19%2C_DD_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Palacio_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-10-19%2C_DD_04.JPG/240px-Palacio_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he%2C_Kassel%2C_Alemania%2C_2013-10-19%2C_DD_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5421" data-file-height="2979" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kassel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hagen_Rathausplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hagen"><img alt="Hagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Hagen_Rathausplatz.jpg/120px-Hagen_Rathausplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Hagen_Rathausplatz.jpg/180px-Hagen_Rathausplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Hagen_Rathausplatz.jpg/240px-Hagen_Rathausplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hagen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Sanssouci_-_Parkanlage_-Gro%C3%9Fe_Font%C3%A4ne_-_Statuen_R%C3%B6mischer_G%C3%B6tter_-_Venus_-_DSC4798.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sanssouci_-_Parkanlage_-Gro%C3%9Fe_Font%C3%A4ne_-_Statuen_R%C3%B6mischer_G%C3%B6tter_-_Venus_-_DSC4798.jpg/120px-Sanssouci_-_Parkanlage_-Gro%C3%9Fe_Font%C3%A4ne_-_Statuen_R%C3%B6mischer_G%C3%B6tter_-_Venus_-_DSC4798.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sanssouci_-_Parkanlage_-Gro%C3%9Fe_Font%C3%A4ne_-_Statuen_R%C3%B6mischer_G%C3%B6tter_-_Venus_-_DSC4798.jpg/180px-Sanssouci_-_Parkanlage_-Gro%C3%9Fe_Font%C3%A4ne_-_Statuen_R%C3%B6mischer_G%C3%B6tter_-_Venus_-_DSC4798.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sanssouci_-_Parkanlage_-Gro%C3%9Fe_Font%C3%A4ne_-_Statuen_R%C3%B6mischer_G%C3%B6tter_-_Venus_-_DSC4798.jpg/240px-Sanssouci_-_Parkanlage_-Gro%C3%9Fe_Font%C3%A4ne_-_Statuen_R%C3%B6mischer_G%C3%B6tter_-_Venus_-_DSC4798.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Potsdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:2018-08-10_DE_Potsdam,_Havel,_Potsdamer_Stadtschloss,_Charlottenhof_05609390_(49952695592).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/2018-08-10_DE_Potsdam%2C_Havel%2C_Potsdamer_Stadtschloss%2C_Charlottenhof_05609390_%2849952695592%29.jpg/120px-2018-08-10_DE_Potsdam%2C_Havel%2C_Potsdamer_Stadtschloss%2C_Charlottenhof_05609390_%2849952695592%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/2018-08-10_DE_Potsdam%2C_Havel%2C_Potsdamer_Stadtschloss%2C_Charlottenhof_05609390_%2849952695592%29.jpg/180px-2018-08-10_DE_Potsdam%2C_Havel%2C_Potsdamer_Stadtschloss%2C_Charlottenhof_05609390_%2849952695592%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/2018-08-10_DE_Potsdam%2C_Havel%2C_Potsdamer_Stadtschloss%2C_Charlottenhof_05609390_%2849952695592%29.jpg/240px-2018-08-10_DE_Potsdam%2C_Havel%2C_Potsdamer_Stadtschloss%2C_Charlottenhof_05609390_%2849952695592%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5948" data-file-height="3346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Potsdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Alte_Rathaus_Potsdam_November_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alte_Rathaus_Potsdam_November_2013.jpg/120px-Alte_Rathaus_Potsdam_November_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alte_Rathaus_Potsdam_November_2013.jpg/180px-Alte_Rathaus_Potsdam_November_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alte_Rathaus_Potsdam_November_2013.jpg/240px-Alte_Rathaus_Potsdam_November_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4943" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Potsdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg/120px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg/180px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg/240px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4173" data-file-height="2806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Potsdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Potsdam_Neues_Palais_1717.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Potsdam_Neues_Palais_1717.jpg/120px-Potsdam_Neues_Palais_1717.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Potsdam_Neues_Palais_1717.jpg/180px-Potsdam_Neues_Palais_1717.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Potsdam_Neues_Palais_1717.jpg/240px-Potsdam_Neues_Palais_1717.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Potsdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ludwigskirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saarbrücken"><img alt="Saarbrücken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ludwigskirche.jpg/120px-Ludwigskirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ludwigskirche.jpg/180px-Ludwigskirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ludwigskirche.jpg/240px-Ludwigskirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2983" data-file-height="1744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saarbrücken</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hamm"><img alt="Hamm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg/120px-Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg/180px-Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg/240px-Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1165" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hamm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein"><img alt="Ludwigshafen am Rhein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg/120px-Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg/180px-Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg/240px-Ludwigshafenmitte_ausderluft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ludwigshafen am Rhein</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oldemburgo"><img alt="Oldemburgo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg/120px-Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg/180px-Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg/240px-Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1727" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oldemburgo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Panorama_M%C3%BClheim_vom_Rathausturm_Richtung_NW_Crop_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mülheim an der Ruhr"><img alt="Mülheim an der Ruhr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Panorama_M%C3%BClheim_vom_Rathausturm_Richtung_NW_Crop_2014.jpg/120px-Panorama_M%C3%BClheim_vom_Rathausturm_Richtung_NW_Crop_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Panorama_M%C3%BClheim_vom_Rathausturm_Richtung_NW_Crop_2014.jpg/180px-Panorama_M%C3%BClheim_vom_Rathausturm_Richtung_NW_Crop_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Panorama_M%C3%BClheim_vom_Rathausturm_Richtung_NW_Crop_2014.jpg/240px-Panorama_M%C3%BClheim_vom_Rathausturm_Richtung_NW_Crop_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12160" data-file-height="4211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mülheim an der Ruhr</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Osnabr%C3%BCck_S%C3%BCden.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Osnabrück"><img alt="Osnabrück" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Osnabr%C3%BCck_S%C3%BCden.JPG/120px-Osnabr%C3%BCck_S%C3%BCden.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Osnabr%C3%BCck_S%C3%BCden.JPG/180px-Osnabr%C3%BCck_S%C3%BCden.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Osnabr%C3%BCck_S%C3%BCden.JPG/240px-Osnabr%C3%BCck_S%C3%BCden.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Osnabrück</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leverkusen"><img alt="Leverkusen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/120px-Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/180px-Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/240px-Leverkusen-Schloss-Morsbroich_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="865" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leverkusen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Heidelberg_corr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heidelberg"><img alt="Heidelberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Heidelberg_corr.jpg/120px-Heidelberg_corr.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Heidelberg_corr.jpg/180px-Heidelberg_corr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Heidelberg_corr.jpg/240px-Heidelberg_corr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heidelberg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Darmstadt_Altes_Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darmstadt"><img alt="Darmstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darmstadt_Altes_Rathaus.jpg/120px-Darmstadt_Altes_Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darmstadt_Altes_Rathaus.jpg/180px-Darmstadt_Altes_Rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darmstadt_Altes_Rathaus.jpg/240px-Darmstadt_Altes_Rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4158" data-file-height="2770" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Darmstadt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Solingen_Innenstadt_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Solingen"><img alt="Solingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Solingen_Innenstadt_002.JPG/120px-Solingen_Innenstadt_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Solingen_Innenstadt_002.JPG/180px-Solingen_Innenstadt_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Solingen_Innenstadt_002.JPG/240px-Solingen_Innenstadt_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Solingen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Regensburg_08_2006_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Regensburg_08_2006_2.jpg/120px-Regensburg_08_2006_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Regensburg_08_2006_2.jpg/180px-Regensburg_08_2006_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Regensburg_08_2006_2.jpg/240px-Regensburg_08_2006_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Herne,_Blick_auf_Europaplatz_mit_Kreuzkirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Herne"><img alt="Herne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Herne%2C_Blick_auf_Europaplatz_mit_Kreuzkirche.jpg/120px-Herne%2C_Blick_auf_Europaplatz_mit_Kreuzkirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Herne%2C_Blick_auf_Europaplatz_mit_Kreuzkirche.jpg/180px-Herne%2C_Blick_auf_Europaplatz_mit_Kreuzkirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Herne%2C_Blick_auf_Europaplatz_mit_Kreuzkirche.jpg/240px-Herne%2C_Blick_auf_Europaplatz_mit_Kreuzkirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Herne</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Paderborn_Kamp_Stadtmodell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paderborn"><img alt="Paderborn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paderborn_Kamp_Stadtmodell.jpg/120px-Paderborn_Kamp_Stadtmodell.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paderborn_Kamp_Stadtmodell.jpg/180px-Paderborn_Kamp_Stadtmodell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paderborn_Kamp_Stadtmodell.jpg/240px-Paderborn_Kamp_Stadtmodell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paderborn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Dom_zu_paderborn1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paderborn"><img alt="Paderborn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dom_zu_paderborn1.jpg/101px-Dom_zu_paderborn1.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dom_zu_paderborn1.jpg/152px-Dom_zu_paderborn1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dom_zu_paderborn1.jpg/203px-Dom_zu_paderborn1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="828" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paderborn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Neuss,_Rathaus_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Neuss"><img alt="Neuss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Neuss%2C_Rathaus_2008.JPG/120px-Neuss%2C_Rathaus_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Neuss%2C_Rathaus_2008.JPG/180px-Neuss%2C_Rathaus_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Neuss%2C_Rathaus_2008.JPG/240px-Neuss%2C_Rathaus_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neuss</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:St._Sebastianus_Kirche_Neuss_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Neuss"><img alt="Neuss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/St._Sebastianus_Kirche_Neuss_2.JPG/58px-St._Sebastianus_Kirche_Neuss_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="58" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/St._Sebastianus_Kirche_Neuss_2.JPG/88px-St._Sebastianus_Kirche_Neuss_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/St._Sebastianus_Kirche_Neuss_2.JPG/117px-St._Sebastianus_Kirche_Neuss_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neuss</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ingolstadt_Altes_Rathaus_2012_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingolstadt"><img alt="Ingolstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ingolstadt_Altes_Rathaus_2012_02.jpg/120px-Ingolstadt_Altes_Rathaus_2012_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ingolstadt_Altes_Rathaus_2012_02.jpg/180px-Ingolstadt_Altes_Rathaus_2012_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ingolstadt_Altes_Rathaus_2012_02.jpg/240px-Ingolstadt_Altes_Rathaus_2012_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ingolstadt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Neues_Schloss_Ingolstadt.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingolstadt"><img alt="Ingolstadt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Neues_Schloss_Ingolstadt.JPG/72px-Neues_Schloss_Ingolstadt.JPG" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Neues_Schloss_Ingolstadt.JPG/108px-Neues_Schloss_Ingolstadt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Neues_Schloss_Ingolstadt.JPG/144px-Neues_Schloss_Ingolstadt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ingolstadt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Luftansicht_der_Offenbacher_Innenstadt_(5954465588).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Offenbach am Main"><img alt="Offenbach am Main" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Luftansicht_der_Offenbacher_Innenstadt_%285954465588%29.jpg/120px-Luftansicht_der_Offenbacher_Innenstadt_%285954465588%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Luftansicht_der_Offenbacher_Innenstadt_%285954465588%29.jpg/180px-Luftansicht_der_Offenbacher_Innenstadt_%285954465588%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Luftansicht_der_Offenbacher_Innenstadt_%285954465588%29.jpg/240px-Luftansicht_der_Offenbacher_Innenstadt_%285954465588%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4338" data-file-height="2892" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Offenbach am Main</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Fuerther_Innenstadt_Mrz_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fürth"><img alt="Fürth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fuerther_Innenstadt_Mrz_2020.jpg/120px-Fuerther_Innenstadt_Mrz_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fuerther_Innenstadt_Mrz_2020.jpg/180px-Fuerther_Innenstadt_Mrz_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fuerther_Innenstadt_Mrz_2020.jpg/240px-Fuerther_Innenstadt_Mrz_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fürth</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ulm_Donauschwabenufer1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ulm"><img alt="Ulm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ulm_Donauschwabenufer1.jpg/120px-Ulm_Donauschwabenufer1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ulm_Donauschwabenufer1.jpg/180px-Ulm_Donauschwabenufer1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ulm_Donauschwabenufer1.jpg/240px-Ulm_Donauschwabenufer1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2703" data-file-height="2101" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ulm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rathaus_HN.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Heilbronn"><img alt="Heilbronn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rathaus_HN.JPG/120px-Rathaus_HN.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rathaus_HN.JPG/180px-Rathaus_HN.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rathaus_HN.JPG/240px-Rathaus_HN.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heilbronn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Heilbronn_Bollwerksturm_20050828.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heilbronn"><img alt="Heilbronn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Heilbronn_Bollwerksturm_20050828.jpg/77px-Heilbronn_Bollwerksturm_20050828.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Heilbronn_Bollwerksturm_20050828.jpg/115px-Heilbronn_Bollwerksturm_20050828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Heilbronn_Bollwerksturm_20050828.jpg/154px-Heilbronn_Bollwerksturm_20050828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="1504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heilbronn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Pforzheim,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pforzheim"><img alt="Pforzheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pforzheim%2C_Germany.jpg/90px-Pforzheim%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pforzheim%2C_Germany.jpg/135px-Pforzheim%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pforzheim%2C_Germany.jpg/180px-Pforzheim%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pforzheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Dom_R1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Würzburg"><img alt="Würzburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Dom_R1.jpg/120px-Dom_R1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Dom_R1.jpg/180px-Dom_R1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Dom_R1.jpg/240px-Dom_R1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2174" data-file-height="1449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Würzburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Wolfsburg_Autostadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wolfsburg"><img alt="Wolfsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wolfsburg_Autostadt.jpg/120px-Wolfsburg_Autostadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wolfsburg_Autostadt.jpg/180px-Wolfsburg_Autostadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wolfsburg_Autostadt.jpg/240px-Wolfsburg_Autostadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wolfsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:5306_Wolfsburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wolfsburgo"><img alt="Wolfsburgo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/5306_Wolfsburg.JPG/120px-5306_Wolfsburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/5306_Wolfsburg.JPG/180px-5306_Wolfsburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/5306_Wolfsburg.JPG/240px-5306_Wolfsburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wolfsburgo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Goettingen_Marktplatz_Oct06_Antilived.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Göttingen"><img alt="Göttingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Goettingen_Marktplatz_Oct06_Antilived.jpg/120px-Goettingen_Marktplatz_Oct06_Antilived.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Goettingen_Marktplatz_Oct06_Antilived.jpg/180px-Goettingen_Marktplatz_Oct06_Antilived.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Goettingen_Marktplatz_Oct06_Antilived.jpg/240px-Goettingen_Marktplatz_Oct06_Antilived.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4157" data-file-height="2300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Göttingen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bottrop_-_Altmarkt_02_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bottrop"><img alt="Bottrop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bottrop_-_Altmarkt_02_ies.jpg/120px-Bottrop_-_Altmarkt_02_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bottrop_-_Altmarkt_02_ies.jpg/180px-Bottrop_-_Altmarkt_02_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bottrop_-_Altmarkt_02_ies.jpg/240px-Bottrop_-_Altmarkt_02_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bottrop</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bottrop,_die_Martinskirche_Dm45_IMG_8481_2018-09-01_14.29.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bottrop"><img alt="Bottrop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bottrop%2C_die_Martinskirche_Dm45_IMG_8481_2018-09-01_14.29.jpg/80px-Bottrop%2C_die_Martinskirche_Dm45_IMG_8481_2018-09-01_14.29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bottrop%2C_die_Martinskirche_Dm45_IMG_8481_2018-09-01_14.29.jpg/120px-Bottrop%2C_die_Martinskirche_Dm45_IMG_8481_2018-09-01_14.29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bottrop%2C_die_Martinskirche_Dm45_IMG_8481_2018-09-01_14.29.jpg/160px-Bottrop%2C_die_Martinskirche_Dm45_IMG_8481_2018-09-01_14.29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3516" data-file-height="5274" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bottrop</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Reutlingen_T%C3%BCbinger_Tor_2012-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reutlingen"><img alt="Reutlingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Reutlingen_T%C3%BCbinger_Tor_2012-04.jpg/120px-Reutlingen_T%C3%BCbinger_Tor_2012-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Reutlingen_T%C3%BCbinger_Tor_2012-04.jpg/180px-Reutlingen_T%C3%BCbinger_Tor_2012-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Reutlingen_T%C3%BCbinger_Tor_2012-04.jpg/240px-Reutlingen_T%C3%BCbinger_Tor_2012-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reutlingen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Erlangen_08-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Erlangen"><img alt="Erlangen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Erlangen_08-2012.jpg/120px-Erlangen_08-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Erlangen_08-2012.jpg/180px-Erlangen_08-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Erlangen_08-2012.jpg/240px-Erlangen_08-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Erlangen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Havenwelten_%C3%9Cberblick_Bremerhaven_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bremerhaven"><img alt="Bremerhaven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Havenwelten_%C3%9Cberblick_Bremerhaven_2013.jpg/120px-Havenwelten_%C3%9Cberblick_Bremerhaven_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Havenwelten_%C3%9Cberblick_Bremerhaven_2013.jpg/180px-Havenwelten_%C3%9Cberblick_Bremerhaven_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Havenwelten_%C3%9Cberblick_Bremerhaven_2013.jpg/240px-Havenwelten_%C3%9Cberblick_Bremerhaven_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4423" data-file-height="2969" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bremerhaven</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:2017-02-28_Festung_Ehrenbreitstein_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Koblenz"><img alt="Koblenz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2017-02-28_Festung_Ehrenbreitstein_07.jpg/120px-2017-02-28_Festung_Ehrenbreitstein_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2017-02-28_Festung_Ehrenbreitstein_07.jpg/180px-2017-02-28_Festung_Ehrenbreitstein_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/2017-02-28_Festung_Ehrenbreitstein_07.jpg/240px-2017-02-28_Festung_Ehrenbreitstein_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3838" data-file-height="2663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Koblenz</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Ausblick_Bergisch_Gladbach.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bergisch Gladbach"><img alt="Bergisch Gladbach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ausblick_Bergisch_Gladbach.jpg/120px-Ausblick_Bergisch_Gladbach.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ausblick_Bergisch_Gladbach.jpg/180px-Ausblick_Bergisch_Gladbach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ausblick_Bergisch_Gladbach.jpg/240px-Ausblick_Bergisch_Gladbach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bergisch Gladbach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bergisch_Gladbach_altes_Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bergisch Gladbach"><img alt="Bergisch Gladbach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bergisch_Gladbach_altes_Rathaus.jpg/120px-Bergisch_Gladbach_altes_Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bergisch_Gladbach_altes_Rathaus.jpg/180px-Bergisch_Gladbach_altes_Rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bergisch_Gladbach_altes_Rathaus.jpg/240px-Bergisch_Gladbach_altes_Rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="467" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bergisch Gladbach</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Remscheid_rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remscheid"><img alt="Remscheid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Remscheid_rathaus.jpg/120px-Remscheid_rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Remscheid_rathaus.jpg/180px-Remscheid_rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Remscheid_rathaus.jpg/240px-Remscheid_rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remscheid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Remscheid,_der_Bismarckturm_Dm161_foto6_2015-04-18_16.48.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remscheid"><img alt="Remscheid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Remscheid%2C_der_Bismarckturm_Dm161_foto6_2015-04-18_16.48.jpg/90px-Remscheid%2C_der_Bismarckturm_Dm161_foto6_2015-04-18_16.48.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Remscheid%2C_der_Bismarckturm_Dm161_foto6_2015-04-18_16.48.jpg/135px-Remscheid%2C_der_Bismarckturm_Dm161_foto6_2015-04-18_16.48.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Remscheid%2C_der_Bismarckturm_Dm161_foto6_2015-04-18_16.48.jpg/180px-Remscheid%2C_der_Bismarckturm_Dm161_foto6_2015-04-18_16.48.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3098" data-file-height="4130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remscheid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Trier-Blick-vom_Weishaus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Trier"><img alt="Trier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trier-Blick-vom_Weishaus.JPG/120px-Trier-Blick-vom_Weishaus.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trier-Blick-vom_Weishaus.JPG/180px-Trier-Blick-vom_Weishaus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Trier-Blick-vom_Weishaus.JPG/240px-Trier-Blick-vom_Weishaus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trier</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Recklinghausen,_Rathaus_--_2015_--_7398.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Recklinghausen"><img alt="Recklinghausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Recklinghausen%2C_Rathaus_--_2015_--_7398.jpg/120px-Recklinghausen%2C_Rathaus_--_2015_--_7398.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Recklinghausen%2C_Rathaus_--_2015_--_7398.jpg/180px-Recklinghausen%2C_Rathaus_--_2015_--_7398.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Recklinghausen%2C_Rathaus_--_2015_--_7398.jpg/240px-Recklinghausen%2C_Rathaus_--_2015_--_7398.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4742" data-file-height="3334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Recklinghausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Recklinghausen,_schachtbok_Zeche_Recklinghausen_2_Dm115TKD_foto9_2015-07-20_10.12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Recklinghausen"><img alt="Recklinghausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Recklinghausen%2C_schachtbok_Zeche_Recklinghausen_2_Dm115TKD_foto9_2015-07-20_10.12.jpg/96px-Recklinghausen%2C_schachtbok_Zeche_Recklinghausen_2_Dm115TKD_foto9_2015-07-20_10.12.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Recklinghausen%2C_schachtbok_Zeche_Recklinghausen_2_Dm115TKD_foto9_2015-07-20_10.12.jpg/143px-Recklinghausen%2C_schachtbok_Zeche_Recklinghausen_2_Dm115TKD_foto9_2015-07-20_10.12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Recklinghausen%2C_schachtbok_Zeche_Recklinghausen_2_Dm115TKD_foto9_2015-07-20_10.12.jpg/191px-Recklinghausen%2C_schachtbok_Zeche_Recklinghausen_2_Dm115TKD_foto9_2015-07-20_10.12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2904" data-file-height="3644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Recklinghausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Zentrum_Jenas_im_Tal_2008-05-24.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jena"><img alt="Jena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Zentrum_Jenas_im_Tal_2008-05-24.JPG/120px-Zentrum_Jenas_im_Tal_2008-05-24.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Zentrum_Jenas_im_Tal_2008-05-24.JPG/180px-Zentrum_Jenas_im_Tal_2008-05-24.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Zentrum_Jenas_im_Tal_2008-05-24.JPG/240px-Zentrum_Jenas_im_Tal_2008-05-24.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jena</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Moers_schloss_211204.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moers"><img alt="Moers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Moers_schloss_211204.jpg/120px-Moers_schloss_211204.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Moers_schloss_211204.jpg/180px-Moers_schloss_211204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Moers_schloss_211204.jpg/240px-Moers_schloss_211204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Salzgitter_Stahlwerk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salzgitter"><img alt="Salzgitter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Salzgitter_Stahlwerk.jpg/120px-Salzgitter_Stahlwerk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Salzgitter_Stahlwerk.jpg/180px-Salzgitter_Stahlwerk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Salzgitter_Stahlwerk.jpg/240px-Salzgitter_Stahlwerk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salzgitter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Siegen_-_panoramio_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siegen"><img alt="Siegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Siegen_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/120px-Siegen_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Siegen_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/180px-Siegen_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Siegen_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/240px-Siegen_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Siegen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Berliner_Platz_Guetersloh_Proedous.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gütersloh"><img alt="Gütersloh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Berliner_Platz_Guetersloh_Proedous.jpg/120px-Berliner_Platz_Guetersloh_Proedous.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Berliner_Platz_Guetersloh_Proedous.jpg/180px-Berliner_Platz_Guetersloh_Proedous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Berliner_Platz_Guetersloh_Proedous.jpg/240px-Berliner_Platz_Guetersloh_Proedous.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gütersloh</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hildesheim_-_Blick_vom_Bergh%C3%B6zchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hildesheim"><img alt="Hildesheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hildesheim_-_Blick_vom_Bergh%C3%B6zchen.jpg/120px-Hildesheim_-_Blick_vom_Bergh%C3%B6zchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hildesheim_-_Blick_vom_Bergh%C3%B6zchen.jpg/180px-Hildesheim_-_Blick_vom_Bergh%C3%B6zchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hildesheim_-_Blick_vom_Bergh%C3%B6zchen.jpg/240px-Hildesheim_-_Blick_vom_Bergh%C3%B6zchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hildesheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:St_Michaels_Church_Hildesheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hildesheim"><img alt="Hildesheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Michaels_Church_Hildesheim.jpg/120px-St_Michaels_Church_Hildesheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Michaels_Church_Hildesheim.jpg/180px-St_Michaels_Church_Hildesheim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/St_Michaels_Church_Hildesheim.jpg/240px-St_Michaels_Church_Hildesheim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3274" data-file-height="1911" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hildesheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hanau_Bruder_Grimm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanau"><img alt="Hanau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Hanau_Bruder_Grimm.jpg/77px-Hanau_Bruder_Grimm.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Hanau_Bruder_Grimm.jpg/115px-Hanau_Bruder_Grimm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Hanau_Bruder_Grimm.jpg/154px-Hanau_Bruder_Grimm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hanau</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Kaiserslautern_town_big_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaiserslautern"><img alt="Kaiserslautern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kaiserslautern_town_big_2.jpg/120px-Kaiserslautern_town_big_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kaiserslautern_town_big_2.jpg/180px-Kaiserslautern_town_big_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kaiserslautern_town_big_2.jpg/240px-Kaiserslautern_town_big_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kaiserslautern</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Weimar_-_Blick_zu_Herderkirche_%26_Stadtschloss.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weimar"><img alt="Weimar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Weimar_-_Blick_zu_Herderkirche_%26_Stadtschloss.jpg/120px-Weimar_-_Blick_zu_Herderkirche_%26_Stadtschloss.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Weimar_-_Blick_zu_Herderkirche_%26_Stadtschloss.jpg/180px-Weimar_-_Blick_zu_Herderkirche_%26_Stadtschloss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Weimar_-_Blick_zu_Herderkirche_%26_Stadtschloss.jpg/240px-Weimar_-_Blick_zu_Herderkirche_%26_Stadtschloss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weimar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Stuttgart"><img alt="Stuttgart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png/69px-Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png/103px-Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png/137px-Stuttgart_Downtown_Sights_Collage.png 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stuttgart</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiesbaden"><img alt="Wiesbaden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg/120px-MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg/180px-MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg/240px-MK29818_Wiesbaden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2764" data-file-height="1555" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wiesbaden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Mainz_altstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mainz"><img alt="Mainz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mainz_altstadt.jpg/120px-Mainz_altstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mainz_altstadt.jpg/180px-Mainz_altstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mainz_altstadt.jpg/240px-Mainz_altstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mainz</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg"><img alt="Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/120px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/180px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/240px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Magdeburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hannover"><img alt="Hannover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg/120px-Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg/180px-Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg/240px-Hannover_Blick_Neues_Rathaus_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hannover</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:2019-06-21_Flatowturm_Potsdam_(Wikipedianische_KulTour)_by_DCB%E2%80%93023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2019-06-21_Flatowturm_Potsdam_%28Wikipedianische_KulTour%29_by_DCB%E2%80%93023.jpg/120px-2019-06-21_Flatowturm_Potsdam_%28Wikipedianische_KulTour%29_by_DCB%E2%80%93023.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2019-06-21_Flatowturm_Potsdam_%28Wikipedianische_KulTour%29_by_DCB%E2%80%93023.jpg/180px-2019-06-21_Flatowturm_Potsdam_%28Wikipedianische_KulTour%29_by_DCB%E2%80%93023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2019-06-21_Flatowturm_Potsdam_%28Wikipedianische_KulTour%29_by_DCB%E2%80%93023.jpg/240px-2019-06-21_Flatowturm_Potsdam_%28Wikipedianische_KulTour%29_by_DCB%E2%80%93023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4532" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Potsdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hamburg_montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hamburg"><img alt="Hamburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hamburg_montage.jpg/108px-Hamburg_montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hamburg_montage.jpg/162px-Hamburg_montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hamburg_montage.jpg/216px-Hamburg_montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hamburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Schwerin_aus_dem_Flugzeug_gesehen_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schwerin"><img alt="Schwerin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Schwerin_aus_dem_Flugzeug_gesehen_.jpg/120px-Schwerin_aus_dem_Flugzeug_gesehen_.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Schwerin_aus_dem_Flugzeug_gesehen_.jpg/180px-Schwerin_aus_dem_Flugzeug_gesehen_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Schwerin_aus_dem_Flugzeug_gesehen_.jpg/240px-Schwerin_aus_dem_Flugzeug_gesehen_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schwerin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kiel"><img alt="Kiel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg/120px-KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg/180px-KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg/240px-KielerStadtzentrumLuftaufnahme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kiel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:B%C3%BCsingen_am_Hochrhein.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Büsingen am Hochrhein"><img alt="Büsingen am Hochrhein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/B%C3%BCsingen_am_Hochrhein.jpg/120px-B%C3%BCsingen_am_Hochrhein.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/B%C3%BCsingen_am_Hochrhein.jpg/180px-B%C3%BCsingen_am_Hochrhein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/B%C3%BCsingen_am_Hochrhein.jpg/240px-B%C3%BCsingen_am_Hochrhein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Büsingen am Hochrhein</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rgbg-dom_und_rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rgbg-dom_und_rathaus.jpg/120px-Rgbg-dom_und_rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rgbg-dom_und_rathaus.jpg/180px-Rgbg-dom_und_rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rgbg-dom_und_rathaus.jpg/240px-Rgbg-dom_und_rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Regensburg-porta-praetoria_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Regensburg-porta-praetoria_2.jpg/90px-Regensburg-porta-praetoria_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Regensburg-porta-praetoria_2.jpg/135px-Regensburg-porta-praetoria_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Regensburg-porta-praetoria_2.jpg/180px-Regensburg-porta-praetoria_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Donau_Regensburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Donau_Regensburg.jpg/120px-Donau_Regensburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Donau_Regensburg.jpg/180px-Donau_Regensburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Donau_Regensburg.jpg/240px-Donau_Regensburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="2493" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Regensburg_cathedral_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Regensburg_cathedral_front.jpg/65px-Regensburg_cathedral_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Regensburg_cathedral_front.jpg/98px-Regensburg_cathedral_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Regensburg_cathedral_front.jpg/131px-Regensburg_cathedral_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="1315" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Regensburg_square.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Regensburg_square.jpg/120px-Regensburg_square.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Regensburg_square.jpg/180px-Regensburg_square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Regensburg_square.jpg/240px-Regensburg_square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:SchlossThurnundTaxis2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/SchlossThurnundTaxis2010.JPG/120px-SchlossThurnundTaxis2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/SchlossThurnundTaxis2010.JPG/180px-SchlossThurnundTaxis2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/SchlossThurnundTaxis2010.JPG/240px-SchlossThurnundTaxis2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Regensburg_Uferpanorama_06_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Regensburg_Uferpanorama_06_2006.jpg/120px-Regensburg_Uferpanorama_06_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Regensburg_Uferpanorama_06_2006.jpg/180px-Regensburg_Uferpanorama_06_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Regensburg_Uferpanorama_06_2006.jpg/240px-Regensburg_Uferpanorama_06_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5249" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Walhalla_aussen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regensburg"><img alt="Regensburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Walhalla_aussen.jpg/120px-Walhalla_aussen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Walhalla_aussen.jpg/180px-Walhalla_aussen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Walhalla_aussen.jpg/240px-Walhalla_aussen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regensburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augschburg/Augsburg"><img alt="Augschburg/Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/120px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/180px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg/240px-Augsburg_-_Markt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4370" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Augschburg/Augsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Maximilianmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augschburg/Augsburg"><img alt="Augschburg/Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Maximilianmuseum.jpg/120px-Maximilianmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Maximilianmuseum.jpg/180px-Maximilianmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Maximilianmuseum.jpg/240px-Maximilianmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Augschburg/Augsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Gasse_in_der_Fuggerei,_Augsburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Augschburg/Augsburg"><img alt="Augschburg/Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gasse_in_der_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.JPG/120px-Gasse_in_der_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gasse_in_der_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.JPG/180px-Gasse_in_der_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gasse_in_der_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.JPG/240px-Gasse_in_der_Fuggerei%2C_Augsburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Augschburg/Augsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Augschburg/Augsburg"><img alt="Augschburg/Augsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg/120px-Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg/180px-Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg/240px-Der_Hohe_Dom_zu_AugsburgDSC_2136.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3189" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Augschburg/Augsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Aerial_image_of_Heligoland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helgoland/Heligoland"><img alt="Helgoland/Heligoland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aerial_image_of_Heligoland.jpg/120px-Aerial_image_of_Heligoland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aerial_image_of_Heligoland.jpg/180px-Aerial_image_of_Heligoland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aerial_image_of_Heligoland.jpg/240px-Aerial_image_of_Heligoland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Helgoland/Heligoland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Helgoland_Hummerbuden_21955.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Triq prinċipali ta' Helgoland/Heligoland."><img alt="Triq prinċipali ta' Helgoland/Heligoland." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Helgoland_Hummerbuden_21955.JPG/120px-Helgoland_Hummerbuden_21955.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Helgoland_Hummerbuden_21955.JPG/180px-Helgoland_Hummerbuden_21955.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Helgoland_Hummerbuden_21955.JPG/240px-Helgoland_Hummerbuden_21955.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Triq prinċipali ta' Helgoland/Heligoland.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Heligoland_07-2016_photo15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lag Anna Laketa ' Helgoland/Heligoland."><img alt="Lag Anna Laketa ' Helgoland/Heligoland." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Heligoland_07-2016_photo15.jpg/120px-Heligoland_07-2016_photo15.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Heligoland_07-2016_photo15.jpg/180px-Heligoland_07-2016_photo15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Heligoland_07-2016_photo15.jpg/240px-Heligoland_07-2016_photo15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4844" data-file-height="3028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lag Anna Laketa ' Helgoland/Heligoland.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Heligoland_07-2016_photo19.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irdum aħmar karatteristika tal-pajsaġġ ta' Heligoland/Heligoland."><img alt="Irdum aħmar karatteristika tal-pajsaġġ ta' Heligoland/Heligoland." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Heligoland_07-2016_photo19.jpg/120px-Heligoland_07-2016_photo19.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Heligoland_07-2016_photo19.jpg/180px-Heligoland_07-2016_photo19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Heligoland_07-2016_photo19.jpg/240px-Heligoland_07-2016_photo19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5324" data-file-height="3328" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Irdum aħmar karatteristika tal-pajsaġġ ta' Heligoland/Heligoland.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bad_Oeynhausen6.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bad Oeynhausen"><img alt="Bad Oeynhausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bad_Oeynhausen6.JPG/120px-Bad_Oeynhausen6.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bad_Oeynhausen6.JPG/180px-Bad_Oeynhausen6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bad_Oeynhausen6.JPG/240px-Bad_Oeynhausen6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bad Oeynhausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bielefeld_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bielefeld"><img alt="Bielefeld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bielefeld_City.jpg/120px-Bielefeld_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bielefeld_City.jpg/180px-Bielefeld_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bielefeld_City.jpg/240px-Bielefeld_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bielefeld</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:20140720_122639_Schloss_Burgsteinfurt,_Steinfurt_(DSC04864_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Steinfurt"><img alt="Steinfurt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/20140720_122639_Schloss_Burgsteinfurt%2C_Steinfurt_%28DSC04864_crop%29.jpg/120px-20140720_122639_Schloss_Burgsteinfurt%2C_Steinfurt_%28DSC04864_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/20140720_122639_Schloss_Burgsteinfurt%2C_Steinfurt_%28DSC04864_crop%29.jpg/180px-20140720_122639_Schloss_Burgsteinfurt%2C_Steinfurt_%28DSC04864_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/20140720_122639_Schloss_Burgsteinfurt%2C_Steinfurt_%28DSC04864_crop%29.jpg/240px-20140720_122639_Schloss_Burgsteinfurt%2C_Steinfurt_%28DSC04864_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3130" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Steinfurt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oldenburg/Oldenburgo"><img alt="Oldenburg/Oldenburgo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg/120px-Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg/180px-Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg/240px-Luftaufnahmen_Nordseekueste_2013_05_by-RaBoe_tele_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1727" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oldenburg/Oldenburgo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Leer_Rathaus_Hafen_townhall_harbour_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leer"><img alt="Leer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Leer_Rathaus_Hafen_townhall_harbour_2008.jpg/120px-Leer_Rathaus_Hafen_townhall_harbour_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Leer_Rathaus_Hafen_townhall_harbour_2008.jpg/180px-Leer_Rathaus_Hafen_townhall_harbour_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Leer_Rathaus_Hafen_townhall_harbour_2008.jpg/240px-Leer_Rathaus_Hafen_townhall_harbour_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Oerlinghausen03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oerlinghausen"><img alt="Oerlinghausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Oerlinghausen03.jpg/120px-Oerlinghausen03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Oerlinghausen03.jpg/180px-Oerlinghausen03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Oerlinghausen03.jpg/240px-Oerlinghausen03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2109" data-file-height="1534" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oerlinghausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Oerlinghausen_innovative_sights.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Oerlinghausen"><img alt="Oerlinghausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Oerlinghausen_innovative_sights.JPG/120px-Oerlinghausen_innovative_sights.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Oerlinghausen_innovative_sights.JPG/180px-Oerlinghausen_innovative_sights.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Oerlinghausen_innovative_sights.JPG/240px-Oerlinghausen_innovative_sights.JPG 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="471" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oerlinghausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Oerlinghausen_Hauptstr01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oerlinghausen"><img alt="Oerlinghausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Oerlinghausen_Hauptstr01.jpg/120px-Oerlinghausen_Hauptstr01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Oerlinghausen_Hauptstr01.jpg/180px-Oerlinghausen_Hauptstr01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Oerlinghausen_Hauptstr01.jpg/240px-Oerlinghausen_Hauptstr01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oerlinghausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rathaus_Oerlinghausen01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oerlinghausen"><img alt="Oerlinghausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rathaus_Oerlinghausen01.jpg/120px-Rathaus_Oerlinghausen01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rathaus_Oerlinghausen01.jpg/180px-Rathaus_Oerlinghausen01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rathaus_Oerlinghausen01.jpg/240px-Rathaus_Oerlinghausen01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2802" data-file-height="2003" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oerlinghausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Alexanderkirche_Oerlinghausen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oerlinghausen"><img alt="Oerlinghausen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Alexanderkirche_Oerlinghausen.jpg/86px-Alexanderkirche_Oerlinghausen.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Alexanderkirche_Oerlinghausen.jpg/129px-Alexanderkirche_Oerlinghausen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Alexanderkirche_Oerlinghausen.jpg/173px-Alexanderkirche_Oerlinghausen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1497" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oerlinghausen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Toenskapelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hünenkapelle, knisja ta' qabel f'Oerlinghausen."><img alt="Hünenkapelle, knisja ta' qabel f'Oerlinghausen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Toenskapelle.jpg/120px-Toenskapelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Toenskapelle.jpg/180px-Toenskapelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Toenskapelle.jpg/240px-Toenskapelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hünenkapelle, knisja ta' qabel f'Oerlinghausen.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Detmold_Schloss01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detmold"><img alt="Detmold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Detmold_Schloss01.jpg/120px-Detmold_Schloss01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Detmold_Schloss01.jpg/180px-Detmold_Schloss01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Detmold_Schloss01.jpg/240px-Detmold_Schloss01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2117" data-file-height="1688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detmold</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:City_hall_Neumuenster_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neumünster"><img alt="Neumünster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/City_hall_Neumuenster_Germany.jpg/120px-City_hall_Neumuenster_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/City_hall_Neumuenster_Germany.jpg/180px-City_hall_Neumuenster_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/City_hall_Neumuenster_Germany.jpg/240px-City_hall_Neumuenster_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neumünster</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Luftbild_Flensburg_Schleswig-Holstein_Zentrum_Stadthafen_Foto_2012_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_Steinberg-Ostsee_IMG_6187.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flensburg/Flensburgo"><img alt="Flensburg/Flensburgo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Luftbild_Flensburg_Schleswig-Holstein_Zentrum_Stadthafen_Foto_2012_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_Steinberg-Ostsee_IMG_6187.jpg/120px-Luftbild_Flensburg_Schleswig-Holstein_Zentrum_Stadthafen_Foto_2012_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_Steinberg-Ostsee_IMG_6187.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Luftbild_Flensburg_Schleswig-Holstein_Zentrum_Stadthafen_Foto_2012_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_Steinberg-Ostsee_IMG_6187.jpg/180px-Luftbild_Flensburg_Schleswig-Holstein_Zentrum_Stadthafen_Foto_2012_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_Steinberg-Ostsee_IMG_6187.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Luftbild_Flensburg_Schleswig-Holstein_Zentrum_Stadthafen_Foto_2012_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_Steinberg-Ostsee_IMG_6187.jpg/240px-Luftbild_Flensburg_Schleswig-Holstein_Zentrum_Stadthafen_Foto_2012_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_Steinberg-Ostsee_IMG_6187.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flensburg/Flensburgo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:13-09-29-Rendsburg-N3S_9754.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rendsburg"><img alt="Rendsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/13-09-29-Rendsburg-N3S_9754.jpg/120px-13-09-29-Rendsburg-N3S_9754.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/13-09-29-Rendsburg-N3S_9754.jpg/180px-13-09-29-Rendsburg-N3S_9754.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/13-09-29-Rendsburg-N3S_9754.jpg/240px-13-09-29-Rendsburg-N3S_9754.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3967" data-file-height="2635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rendsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Schwebef%C3%A4hre_Rendsburg_NIK_2853.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rendsburg"><img alt="Rendsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Schwebef%C3%A4hre_Rendsburg_NIK_2853.JPG/120px-Schwebef%C3%A4hre_Rendsburg_NIK_2853.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Schwebef%C3%A4hre_Rendsburg_NIK_2853.JPG/180px-Schwebef%C3%A4hre_Rendsburg_NIK_2853.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Schwebef%C3%A4hre_Rendsburg_NIK_2853.JPG/240px-Schwebef%C3%A4hre_Rendsburg_NIK_2853.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5953" data-file-height="3968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rendsburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rothenburg_BW_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber/"><img alt="Rothenburg ob der Tauber/" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rothenburg_BW_4.JPG/120px-Rothenburg_BW_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rothenburg_BW_4.JPG/180px-Rothenburg_BW_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Rothenburg_BW_4.JPG/240px-Rothenburg_BW_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rothenburg ob der Tauber/</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rothenburg02-06-008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber"><img alt="Rothenburg ob der Tauber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rothenburg02-06-008.jpg/120px-Rothenburg02-06-008.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rothenburg02-06-008.jpg/180px-Rothenburg02-06-008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rothenburg02-06-008.jpg/240px-Rothenburg02-06-008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="746" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rothenburg ob der Tauber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rothenburg_BW_25.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber"><img alt="Rothenburg ob der Tauber" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Rothenburg_BW_25.JPG/120px-Rothenburg_BW_25.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Rothenburg_BW_25.JPG/180px-Rothenburg_BW_25.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Rothenburg_BW_25.JPG/240px-Rothenburg_BW_25.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3376" data-file-height="2556" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rothenburg ob der Tauber</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rotenburg_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rotenburg an der Fulda/Rotenburg an der Fulda"><img alt="Rotenburg an der Fulda/Rotenburg an der Fulda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rotenburg_2007.jpg/120px-Rotenburg_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rotenburg_2007.jpg/180px-Rotenburg_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rotenburg_2007.jpg/240px-Rotenburg_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rotenburg an der Fulda/Rotenburg an der Fulda</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rottenburg_-_Marktplatz_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7534.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rottenburg am Neckar/Rotemburgo del Néckar"><img alt="Rottenburg am Neckar/Rotemburgo del Néckar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rottenburg_-_Marktplatz_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7534.jpg/120px-Rottenburg_-_Marktplatz_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7534.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rottenburg_-_Marktplatz_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7534.jpg/180px-Rottenburg_-_Marktplatz_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7534.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Rottenburg_-_Marktplatz_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7534.jpg/240px-Rottenburg_-_Marktplatz_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7534.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rottenburg am Neckar/Rotemburgo del Néckar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Altes_Rathaus_Bebra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bebra"><img alt="Bebra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Altes_Rathaus_Bebra.jpg/120px-Altes_Rathaus_Bebra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Altes_Rathaus_Bebra.jpg/180px-Altes_Rathaus_Bebra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Altes_Rathaus_Bebra.jpg/240px-Altes_Rathaus_Bebra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bebra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hersfeld_altstadt_tageberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bad Hersfeld"><img alt="Bad Hersfeld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hersfeld_altstadt_tageberg.jpg/120px-Hersfeld_altstadt_tageberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hersfeld_altstadt_tageberg.jpg/180px-Hersfeld_altstadt_tageberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hersfeld_altstadt_tageberg.jpg/240px-Hersfeld_altstadt_tageberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2403" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bad Hersfeld</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Stiftsruine_hersfeld_oben.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bad Hersfeld"><img alt="Bad Hersfeld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stiftsruine_hersfeld_oben.jpg/120px-Stiftsruine_hersfeld_oben.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stiftsruine_hersfeld_oben.jpg/180px-Stiftsruine_hersfeld_oben.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Stiftsruine_hersfeld_oben.jpg/240px-Stiftsruine_hersfeld_oben.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2074" data-file-height="1527" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bad Hersfeld</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fulda"><img alt="Fulda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg/120px-Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg/180px-Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg/240px-Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3815" data-file-height="3815" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fulda</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Fulda_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fulda"><img alt="Fulda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fulda_Panorama.jpg/120px-Fulda_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fulda_Panorama.jpg/180px-Fulda_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fulda_Panorama.jpg/240px-Fulda_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fulda</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Rotenburg_Rathaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rotenburg an dder Wümme"><img alt="Rotenburg an dder Wümme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Rotenburg_Rathaus.jpg/120px-Rotenburg_Rathaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Rotenburg_Rathaus.jpg/180px-Rotenburg_Rathaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Rotenburg_Rathaus.jpg/240px-Rotenburg_Rathaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rotenburg an dder Wümme</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Luftbild_Oberrotweil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl"><img alt="Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luftbild_Oberrotweil.jpg/120px-Luftbild_Oberrotweil.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luftbild_Oberrotweil.jpg/180px-Luftbild_Oberrotweil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luftbild_Oberrotweil.jpg/240px-Luftbild_Oberrotweil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hamm"><img alt="Hamm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg/120px-Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg/180px-Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg/240px-Hamm_Luftbild_Innenstadt_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1165" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hamm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Euskirchen_fasadoj_en_K%C3%B6lner_Stra%C3%9Fe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Euskirchen"><img alt="Euskirchen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Euskirchen_fasadoj_en_K%C3%B6lner_Stra%C3%9Fe.JPG/120px-Euskirchen_fasadoj_en_K%C3%B6lner_Stra%C3%9Fe.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Euskirchen_fasadoj_en_K%C3%B6lner_Stra%C3%9Fe.JPG/180px-Euskirchen_fasadoj_en_K%C3%B6lner_Stra%C3%9Fe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Euskirchen_fasadoj_en_K%C3%B6lner_Stra%C3%9Fe.JPG/240px-Euskirchen_fasadoj_en_K%C3%B6lner_Stra%C3%9Fe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Euskirchen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Euskirchen_alter_markt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Euskirchen"><img alt="Euskirchen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Euskirchen_alter_markt.jpg/120px-Euskirchen_alter_markt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Euskirchen_alter_markt.jpg/180px-Euskirchen_alter_markt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Euskirchen_alter_markt.jpg/240px-Euskirchen_alter_markt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="697" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Euskirchen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Nettersheim_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nettersheim"><img alt="Nettersheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Nettersheim_02.jpg/120px-Nettersheim_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Nettersheim_02.jpg/180px-Nettersheim_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Nettersheim_02.jpg/240px-Nettersheim_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nettersheim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Kaiserstuhl_Vogtsburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Immaġini mill-ajru ta' Vogtsburg."><img alt="Immaġini mill-ajru ta' Vogtsburg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kaiserstuhl_Vogtsburg.jpg/120px-Kaiserstuhl_Vogtsburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kaiserstuhl_Vogtsburg.jpg/180px-Kaiserstuhl_Vogtsburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Kaiserstuhl_Vogtsburg.jpg/240px-Kaiserstuhl_Vogtsburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Immaġini mill-ajru ta' Vogtsburg.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallerija">Gallerija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=85" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Gallerija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section's source code: Gallerija"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-400,_Berlin,_deutsche_Vereinigung,_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Il-bandiera tal-għaqda f'nofsillejl tat-3 ta' Ottubru 1990 quddiem ir-Reichstag"><img alt="Il-bandiera tal-għaqda f'nofsillejl tat-3 ta' Ottubru 1990 quddiem ir-Reichstag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-400%2C_Berlin%2C_deutsche_Vereinigung%2C_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-400%2C_Berlin%2C_deutsche_Vereinigung%2C_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-400%2C_Berlin%2C_deutsche_Vereinigung%2C_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-400%2C_Berlin%2C_deutsche_Vereinigung%2C_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-400%2C_Berlin%2C_deutsche_Vereinigung%2C_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/240px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-400%2C_Berlin%2C_deutsche_Vereinigung%2C_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Il-bandiera tal-għaqda f'nofsillejl tat-3 ta' Ottubru 1990 quddiem ir-Reichstag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417,_Berlin,_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1990 Jum l-Għaqda Ġermaniża, bil-bnadar tal-istati Ġermaniżi kollha fuq il-bini tar-Reichstag f'Berlin, Ġermanja"><img alt="1990 Jum l-Għaqda Ġermaniża, bil-bnadar tal-istati Ġermaniżi kollha fuq il-bini tar-Reichstag f'Berlin, Ġermanja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg/240px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-417%2C_Berlin%2C_Flaggen_vor_dem_Reichstag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1990 Jum l-Għaqda Ġermaniża, bil-bnadar tal-istati Ġermaniżi kollha fuq il-bini tar-Reichstag f'Berlin, Ġermanja</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Berliner_Mauer,_ostdeutscher_Grenzer_beobachtet_R%C3%A4umung_des_Kubat-Dreieck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ħajt ta' Berlin (1961-1989)"><img alt="Ħajt ta' Berlin (1961-1989)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Berliner_Mauer%2C_ostdeutscher_Grenzer_beobachtet_R%C3%A4umung_des_Kubat-Dreieck.jpg/120px-Berliner_Mauer%2C_ostdeutscher_Grenzer_beobachtet_R%C3%A4umung_des_Kubat-Dreieck.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Berliner_Mauer%2C_ostdeutscher_Grenzer_beobachtet_R%C3%A4umung_des_Kubat-Dreieck.jpg/180px-Berliner_Mauer%2C_ostdeutscher_Grenzer_beobachtet_R%C3%A4umung_des_Kubat-Dreieck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Berliner_Mauer%2C_ostdeutscher_Grenzer_beobachtet_R%C3%A4umung_des_Kubat-Dreieck.jpg/240px-Berliner_Mauer%2C_ostdeutscher_Grenzer_beobachtet_R%C3%A4umung_des_Kubat-Dreieck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2266" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ħajt ta' <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (1961-1989)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002,_Leipzig,_Montagsdemonstration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dimostrazzjoni tat-Tnejn tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant kontra l-gvern f'Leipzig, 16 ta' Ottubru, 1989."><img alt="Dimostrazzjoni tat-Tnejn tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant kontra l-gvern f'Leipzig, 16 ta' Ottubru, 1989." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg/240px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0922-002%2C_Leipzig%2C_Montagsdemonstration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dimostrazzjoni tat-Tnejn tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant kontra l-gvern f'Leipzig, 16 ta' Ottubru, 1989.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Flag_of_East_Germany_with_cut_out_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandiera GDR/DDR b'emblema maqtugħa, viżibbli ħafna waqt protesti kontra r-reġim komunista"><img alt="Bandiera GDR/DDR b'emblema maqtugħa, viżibbli ħafna waqt protesti kontra r-reġim komunista" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_East_Germany_with_cut_out_emblem.svg/120px-Flag_of_East_Germany_with_cut_out_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_East_Germany_with_cut_out_emblem.svg/180px-Flag_of_East_Germany_with_cut_out_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_East_Germany_with_cut_out_emblem.svg/240px-Flag_of_East_Germany_with_cut_out_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bandiera GDR/DDR b'emblema maqtugħa, viżibbli ħafna waqt protesti kontra r-reġim komunista</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ħajt ta' Berlin fil-Bieb ta' Brandenburg fl-10 ta' Novembru, 1989 li juri l-graffiti Wie denn (“Kif Issa”) fuq it-tabella li twissi lill-pubbliku biex jitlaq minn Berlin tal-Punent."><img alt="Ħajt ta' Berlin fil-Bieb ta' Brandenburg fl-10 ta' Novembru, 1989 li juri l-graffiti Wie denn (“Kif Issa”) fuq it-tabella li twissi lill-pubbliku biex jitlaq minn Berlin tal-Punent." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg/81px-BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg/121px-BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg/161px-BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="1663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ħajt ta' <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> fil-Bieb ta' Brandenburg fl-10 ta' Novembru, 1989 li juri l-graffiti Wie denn (“Kif Issa”) fuq it-tabella li twissi lill-pubbliku biex jitlaq minn Berlin tal-Punent.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Volkspolizei_at_the_official_opening_of_the_Brandenburg_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uffiċjali tal-pulizija mill-Volkspolizei tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant jistennew il-ftuħ uffiċjali tal-Bieb ta' Brandenburg tal-Ħajt ta' Berlin fit-22 ta' Diċembru, 1989."><img alt="Uffiċjali tal-pulizija mill-Volkspolizei tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant jistennew il-ftuħ uffiċjali tal-Bieb ta' Brandenburg tal-Ħajt ta' Berlin fit-22 ta' Diċembru, 1989." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Volkspolizei_at_the_official_opening_of_the_Brandenburg_Gate.jpg/120px-Volkspolizei_at_the_official_opening_of_the_Brandenburg_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Volkspolizei_at_the_official_opening_of_the_Brandenburg_Gate.jpg/180px-Volkspolizei_at_the_official_opening_of_the_Brandenburg_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Volkspolizei_at_the_official_opening_of_the_Brandenburg_Gate.jpg/240px-Volkspolizei_at_the_official_opening_of_the_Brandenburg_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1860" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Uffiċjali tal-pulizija mill-Volkspolizei tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant jistennew il-ftuħ uffiċjali tal-Bieb ta' Brandenburg tal-Ħajt ta' <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> fit-22 ta' Diċembru, 1989.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:RIAN_archive_428452_Germany_becomes_one_country.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ħajt ta' Berlin, Ottubru 1990, qal "Grazzi, Gorbi!""><img alt="Ħajt ta' Berlin, Ottubru 1990, qal "Grazzi, Gorbi!"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RIAN_archive_428452_Germany_becomes_one_country.jpg/120px-RIAN_archive_428452_Germany_becomes_one_country.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RIAN_archive_428452_Germany_becomes_one_country.jpg/180px-RIAN_archive_428452_Germany_becomes_one_country.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/RIAN_archive_428452_Germany_becomes_one_country.jpg/240px-RIAN_archive_428452_Germany_becomes_one_country.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="647" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ħajt ta' <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Ottubru 1990, qal "Grazzi, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbi</a>!"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:EinigungsvertragBRD-DDR.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Iż-żewġ kopji oriġinali tat-Trattat ta' Unifikazzjoni ġew iffirmati fil-31 ta' Awwissu 1990. Il-Ministru tal-Intern tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent Wolfgang Schäuble iffirma għall-FRG u s-Segretarju tal-Istat tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant Günther Krause għall-GDR."><img alt="Iż-żewġ kopji oriġinali tat-Trattat ta' Unifikazzjoni ġew iffirmati fil-31 ta' Awwissu 1990. Il-Ministru tal-Intern tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent Wolfgang Schäuble iffirma għall-FRG u s-Segretarju tal-Istat tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant Günther Krause għall-GDR." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EinigungsvertragBRD-DDR.JPG/120px-EinigungsvertragBRD-DDR.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EinigungsvertragBRD-DDR.JPG/180px-EinigungsvertragBRD-DDR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EinigungsvertragBRD-DDR.JPG/240px-EinigungsvertragBRD-DDR.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iż-żewġ kopji oriġinali tat-Trattat ta' Unifikazzjoni ġew iffirmati fil-31 ta' Awwissu 1990. Il-Ministru tal-Intern tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent Wolfgang Schäuble iffirma għall-FRG u s-Segretarju tal-Istat tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant Günther Krause għall-GDR.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-008,_Berlin,_Brandenburger_Tor,_Vereinigungsfeier,_Feuerwerk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logħob tan-nar fil-Bieb ta' Brandenburg wara r-riunifikazzjoni"><img alt="Logħob tan-nar fil-Bieb ta' Brandenburg wara r-riunifikazzjoni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-008%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Vereinigungsfeier%2C_Feuerwerk.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-008%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Vereinigungsfeier%2C_Feuerwerk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-008%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Vereinigungsfeier%2C_Feuerwerk.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-008%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Vereinigungsfeier%2C_Feuerwerk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-008%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Vereinigungsfeier%2C_Feuerwerk.jpg/240px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-1003-008%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Vereinigungsfeier%2C_Feuerwerk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logħob tan-nar fil-Bieb ta' Brandenburg wara r-riunifikazzjoni</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:18-09-29-G%C3%B6rlitz-RalfR-DJI_0418.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruntiera bejn il-Ġermanja u l-Polonja tul ix-Xmara Neisse tal-punent bejn Zgorzelec tal-Polonja u Görlitz, belt tal-Ġermanja li kienet tappartjeni għall-eks provinċja tas-Silesja t'Isfel."><img alt="Fruntiera bejn il-Ġermanja u l-Polonja tul ix-Xmara Neisse tal-punent bejn Zgorzelec tal-Polonja u Görlitz, belt tal-Ġermanja li kienet tappartjeni għall-eks provinċja tas-Silesja t'Isfel." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/18-09-29-G%C3%B6rlitz-RalfR-DJI_0418.jpg/120px-18-09-29-G%C3%B6rlitz-RalfR-DJI_0418.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/18-09-29-G%C3%B6rlitz-RalfR-DJI_0418.jpg/180px-18-09-29-G%C3%B6rlitz-RalfR-DJI_0418.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/18-09-29-G%C3%B6rlitz-RalfR-DJI_0418.jpg/240px-18-09-29-G%C3%B6rlitz-RalfR-DJI_0418.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruntiera bejn il-Ġermanja u l-Polonja tul ix-Xmara Neisse tal-punent bejn Zgorzelec tal-Polonja u Görlitz, belt tal-Ġermanja li kienet tappartjeni għall-eks provinċja tas-Silesja t'Isfel.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Landmark_Traffic_(26992261693).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traffiku jaqsam il-Bieb ta' Brandenburg fl-2016"><img alt="Traffiku jaqsam il-Bieb ta' Brandenburg fl-2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Landmark_Traffic_%2826992261693%29.jpg/120px-Landmark_Traffic_%2826992261693%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Landmark_Traffic_%2826992261693%29.jpg/180px-Landmark_Traffic_%2826992261693%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Landmark_Traffic_%2826992261693%29.jpg/240px-Landmark_Traffic_%2826992261693%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traffiku jaqsam il-Bieb ta' Brandenburg fl-2016</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:DBP_249_Eingliederung_Saarland_10_Pf_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bolla tad-Deutsche Bundespost (1957) għall-inkorporazzjoni politika tas-Saarland fir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja fl-1 ta' Jannar 1957 bl-istemma tal-stat il-ġdida tas-Saarland"><img alt="Bolla tad-Deutsche Bundespost (1957) għall-inkorporazzjoni politika tas-Saarland fir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja fl-1 ta' Jannar 1957 bl-istemma tal-stat il-ġdida tas-Saarland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DBP_249_Eingliederung_Saarland_10_Pf_1957.jpg/103px-DBP_249_Eingliederung_Saarland_10_Pf_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DBP_249_Eingliederung_Saarland_10_Pf_1957.jpg/154px-DBP_249_Eingliederung_Saarland_10_Pf_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DBP_249_Eingliederung_Saarland_10_Pf_1957.jpg/206px-DBP_249_Eingliederung_Saarland_10_Pf_1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bolla tad-Deutsche Bundespost (1957) għall-inkorporazzjoni politika tas-Saarland fir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja fl-1 ta' Jannar 1957 bl-istemma tal-stat il-ġdida tas-Saarland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Inter-German_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Il-Ġermanja tal-Punent u l-Ġermanja tal-Lvant (1957–1990)"><img alt="Il-Ġermanja tal-Punent u l-Ġermanja tal-Lvant (1957–1990)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Inter-German_Locator.svg/118px-Inter-German_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Inter-German_Locator.svg/178px-Inter-German_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Inter-German_Locator.svg/237px-Inter-German_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Il-Ġermanja tal-Punent u l-Ġermanja tal-Lvant (1957–1990)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-14676,_Leipzig,_Reichsgericht,_russischer_Panzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tank IS-2 Sovjetiku f'Leipzig waqt ir-rewwixta tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant tal-1953 fis-17 ta' Ġunju"><img alt="Tank IS-2 Sovjetiku f'Leipzig waqt ir-rewwixta tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant tal-1953 fis-17 ta' Ġunju" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-14676%2C_Leipzig%2C_Reichsgericht%2C_russischer_Panzer.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-14676%2C_Leipzig%2C_Reichsgericht%2C_russischer_Panzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-14676%2C_Leipzig%2C_Reichsgericht%2C_russischer_Panzer.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-14676%2C_Leipzig%2C_Reichsgericht%2C_russischer_Panzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-14676%2C_Leipzig%2C_Reichsgericht%2C_russischer_Panzer.jpg/240px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-14676%2C_Leipzig%2C_Reichsgericht%2C_russischer_Panzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="566" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tank IS-2 <a href="/wiki/Unjoni_Sovjetika" title="Unjoni Sovjetika">Sovjetiku</a> f'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leipzig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leipzig (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Leipzig</a> waqt ir-rewwixta tal-Ġermanja tal-Lvant tal-1953 fis-17 ta' Ġunju</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Germans-airlift-1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imblokk ta' Berlin (1948-1949)"><img alt="Imblokk ta' Berlin (1948-1949)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Germans-airlift-1948.jpg/120px-Germans-airlift-1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Germans-airlift-1948.jpg/180px-Germans-airlift-1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Germans-airlift-1948.jpg/240px-Germans-airlift-1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="962" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imblokk ta' <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (1948-1949)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26569,_Frankfurt-Main,_Frankfurter_Konferenz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Il-Prim Ministri u s-Sindki tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent irċevew il-Frankfurt Papers mill-okkupanti Brittaniċi, Amerikani u Franċiżi, li kien fihom rakkomandazzjonijiet għat-twaqqif tal-istat il-ġdid u ffurmaw il-bażi ta' ħidma għal-Liġi Bażika tar-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja; 1 ta' Lulju, 1948"><img alt="Il-Prim Ministri u s-Sindki tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent irċevew il-Frankfurt Papers mill-okkupanti Brittaniċi, Amerikani u Franċiżi, li kien fihom rakkomandazzjonijiet għat-twaqqif tal-istat il-ġdid u ffurmaw il-bażi ta' ħidma għal-Liġi Bażika tar-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja; 1 ta' Lulju, 1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26569%2C_Frankfurt-Main%2C_Frankfurter_Konferenz.jpg/120px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26569%2C_Frankfurt-Main%2C_Frankfurter_Konferenz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26569%2C_Frankfurt-Main%2C_Frankfurter_Konferenz.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26569%2C_Frankfurt-Main%2C_Frankfurter_Konferenz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26569%2C_Frankfurt-Main%2C_Frankfurter_Konferenz.jpg/240px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26569%2C_Frankfurt-Main%2C_Frankfurter_Konferenz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Il-Prim Ministri u s-Sindki tal-Ġermanja tal-Punent irċevew il-Frankfurt Papers mill-okkupanti Brittaniċi, Amerikani u Franċiżi, li kien fihom rakkomandazzjonijiet għat-twaqqif tal-istat il-ġdid u ffurmaw il-bażi ta' ħidma għal-Liġi Bażika tar-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja; 1 ta' Lulju, 1948</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mappa fuq il-Ġermanja li turi l-erba' żoni ta' okkupazzjoni Alleati (de facto li ma jinkludux is-Saarland) fil-Ġermanja (1947-1949)"><img alt="Mappa fuq il-Ġermanja li turi l-erba' żoni ta' okkupazzjoni Alleati (de facto li ma jinkludux is-Saarland) fil-Ġermanja (1947-1949)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg/101px-Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg.png" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg/152px-Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg/203px-Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_8_Jun_1947_-_22_Apr_1949.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="1273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mappa fuq il-Ġermanja li turi l-erba' żoni ta' okkupazzjoni Alleati (de facto li ma jinkludux is-Saarland) fil-Ġermanja (1947-1949)</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B10_047-S._IMPERIUM_ROMANO-GERMANICUM_oder_DEUTSCHLAND_MIT_SEINEN_ANGR%C3%84NTZENDEN_K%C3%96NIGREICHEN_UND_PROVINCIEN_Neulich_entworffen_und_theils_gezeichnet_durch_IULIUM_REICHELT_Chur_Pfaltz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Din il-mappa tal-Imperu Ġermaniż kienet iddisinjata minn Julius Reichelt (1637-1717). Reichelt kien professur tal-matematika fl-Università ta' Strasburgu. Matul is-seklu 18 dehru ħafna derivazzjonijiet. Din ir-riproduzzjoni ġiet ippubblikata minn Nicolaes Visscher II (1649-1702)."><img alt="Din il-mappa tal-Imperu Ġermaniż kienet iddisinjata minn Julius Reichelt (1637-1717). Reichelt kien professur tal-matematika fl-Università ta' Strasburgu. Matul is-seklu 18 dehru ħafna derivazzjonijiet. Din ir-riproduzzjoni ġiet ippubblikata minn Nicolaes Visscher II (1649-1702)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B10_047-S._IMPERIUM_ROMANO-GERMANICUM_oder_DEUTSCHLAND_MIT_SEINEN_ANGR%C3%84NTZENDEN_K%C3%96NIGREICHEN_UND_PROVINCIEN_Neulich_entworffen_und_theils_gezeichnet_durch_IULIUM_REICHELT_Chur_Pfaltz.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B10_047-S._IMPERIUM_ROMANO-GERMANICUM_oder_DEUTSCHLAND_MIT_SEINEN_ANGR%C3%84NTZENDEN_K%C3%96NIGREICHEN_UND_PROVINCIEN_Neulich_entworffen_und_theils_gezeichnet_durch_IULIUM_REICHELT_Chur_Pfaltz.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B10_047-S._IMPERIUM_ROMANO-GERMANICUM_oder_DEUTSCHLAND_MIT_SEINEN_ANGR%C3%84NTZENDEN_K%C3%96NIGREICHEN_UND_PROVINCIEN_Neulich_entworffen_und_theils_gezeichnet_durch_IULIUM_REICHELT_Chur_Pfaltz.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Din il-mappa tal-Imperu Ġermaniż kienet iddisinjata minn Julius Reichelt (1637-1717). Reichelt kien professur tal-matematika fl-Università ta' Strasburgu. Matul is-seklu 18 dehru ħafna derivazzjonijiet. Din ir-riproduzzjoni ġiet ippubblikata minn Nicolaes Visscher II (1649-1702).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Moritzbastei_Leipzig_1785.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moritzbastei hija l-unika parti li fadal tas-swar tal-belt ta' qabel ta' Leipzig. Illum huwa magħruf ħafna bħala ċentru kulturali. fl-1785"><img alt="Moritzbastei hija l-unika parti li fadal tas-swar tal-belt ta' qabel ta' Leipzig. Illum huwa magħruf ħafna bħala ċentru kulturali. fl-1785" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Moritzbastei_Leipzig_1785.jpg/120px-Moritzbastei_Leipzig_1785.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Moritzbastei_Leipzig_1785.jpg/180px-Moritzbastei_Leipzig_1785.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Moritzbastei_Leipzig_1785.jpg/240px-Moritzbastei_Leipzig_1785.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moritzbastei hija l-unika parti li fadal tas-swar tal-belt ta' qabel ta' Leipzig. Illum huwa magħruf ħafna bħala ċentru kulturali. fl-1785</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Leipzig_-_Universit%C3%A4tsstra%C3%9Fe_-_Moritzbastei_05_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moritzbastei hija l-unika parti li fadal tas-swar tal-belt ta' qabel ta' Leipzig. Illum huwa magħruf ħafna bħala ċentru kulturali. fl-2015"><img alt="Moritzbastei hija l-unika parti li fadal tas-swar tal-belt ta' qabel ta' Leipzig. Illum huwa magħruf ħafna bħala ċentru kulturali. fl-2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Leipzig_-_Universit%C3%A4tsstra%C3%9Fe_-_Moritzbastei_05_ies.jpg/120px-Leipzig_-_Universit%C3%A4tsstra%C3%9Fe_-_Moritzbastei_05_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Leipzig_-_Universit%C3%A4tsstra%C3%9Fe_-_Moritzbastei_05_ies.jpg/180px-Leipzig_-_Universit%C3%A4tsstra%C3%9Fe_-_Moritzbastei_05_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Leipzig_-_Universit%C3%A4tsstra%C3%9Fe_-_Moritzbastei_05_ies.jpg/240px-Leipzig_-_Universit%C3%A4tsstra%C3%9Fe_-_Moritzbastei_05_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moritzbastei hija l-unika parti li fadal tas-swar tal-belt ta' qabel ta' Leipzig. Illum huwa magħruf ħafna bħala ċentru kulturali. fl-2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Neue_Propsteikirche_St._Trinitatis_Leipzig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Il-Propsteikirche St. Trinitatis (Ġermaniż, knisja retturjali tat-Trinità Qaddisa) f'Leipzig, Sassonja, il-Ġermanja, hija knisja Kattolika fiċ-ċentru tal-belt mibnija fl-2015."><img alt="Il-Propsteikirche St. Trinitatis (Ġermaniż, knisja retturjali tat-Trinità Qaddisa) f'Leipzig, Sassonja, il-Ġermanja, hija knisja Kattolika fiċ-ċentru tal-belt mibnija fl-2015." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Neue_Propsteikirche_St._Trinitatis_Leipzig.jpg/120px-Neue_Propsteikirche_St._Trinitatis_Leipzig.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Neue_Propsteikirche_St._Trinitatis_Leipzig.jpg/180px-Neue_Propsteikirche_St._Trinitatis_Leipzig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Neue_Propsteikirche_St._Trinitatis_Leipzig.jpg/240px-Neue_Propsteikirche_St._Trinitatis_Leipzig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="2412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Il-Propsteikirche St. Trinitatis (Ġermaniż, knisja retturjali tat-Trinità Qaddisa) f'Leipzig, Sassonja, il-Ġermanja, hija knisja Kattolika fiċ-ċentru tal-belt mibnija fl-2015.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenzi">Referenzi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&veaction=edit&section=86" title="Editja s-sezzjoni: Referenzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>immodifika</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0ermanja&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section's source code: Referenzi"><span>immodifika s-sors</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r272200">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/PresseService/Presse/Pressekonferenzen/2013/Zensus2011/bevoelkerung_zensus2011.pdf?__blob=publicationFile"><i>Zensus 2011: Bevölkerung am 9. Mai 2011</i></a>. Miġjuba fl-1 ta' Ġunju 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-2"><sup><i><b>ċ</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=59&pr.y=9&sy=2012&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=134&s=NGDP_R%2CNGDP%2CNGDPD%2CNGDPRPC%2CNGDPPC%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">"Germany"</a>. Fond Monetarju Internazzjonali<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Nazzjonijiet Uniti. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Miġbur <span class="nowrap">2013-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2013&rft.pub=Nazzjonijiet+Uniti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fmedia%2FHDR2013_EN_Complete.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmt.wikipedia.org%3A%C4%A0ermanja" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r256707"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDudenverlag" class="citation book cs1">Dudenverlag, ed. 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font-weight:normal;;border:none;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/Mudell:Pajji%C5%BCi_tal-Unjoni_Ewropea" title="Mudell:Pajjiżi tal-Unjoni Ewropea"><span title="Ara dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">a</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Diskussjoni_mudell:Pajji%C5%BCi_tal-Unjoni_Ewropea" title="Diskussjoni mudell:Pajjiżi tal-Unjoni Ewropea"><span title="Diskussjoni fuq dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudell:Pajji%C5%BCi_tal-Unjoni_Ewropea&action=edit"><span title="Immodifika dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;;">m</span></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa"><img alt="Ewropa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> Stati membri tal-<a href="/wiki/Unjoni_Ewropea" title="Unjoni Ewropea">Unjoni Ewropea</a></span></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align:center;width:100%;font-size:95%;"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Awstrija" title="Awstrija">Awstrija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Bel%C4%A1ju" title="Belġju">Belġju</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija">Bulgarija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aekja" title="Ċekja">Ċekja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aipru" title="Ċipru">Ċipru</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Estonja" title="Estonja">Estonja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Finlandja" title="Finlandja">Finlandja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Franza" title="Franza">Franza</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ġermanja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Gre%C4%8Bja" title="Greċja">Greċja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Repubblika_tal-Irlanda" title="Repubblika tal-Irlanda">Irlanda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Italja" title="Italja">Italja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Kroazja" title="Kroazja">Kroazja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Latvja" title="Latvja">Latvja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Litwanja" title="Litwanja">Litwanja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Lussemburgu" title="Lussemburgu">Lussemburgu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Pajji%C5%BCi_l-Baxxi" title="Pajjiżi l-Baxxi">Pajjiżi l-Baxxi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Polonja" title="Polonja">Polonja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Portugall" title="Portugall">Portugall</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Rumanija" title="Rumanija">Rumanija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Slovakkja" title="Slovakkja">Slovakkja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Slovenja" title="Slovenja">Slovenja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja">Spanja</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Ungerija" title="Ungerija">Ungerija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvezja" title="Żvezja">Żvezja</a> </span> </p> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox noprint collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; margin:auto; background:white;background:white;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;border:none;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/Mudell:Ewropa" title="Mudell:Ewropa"><span title="Ara dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">a</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussjoni_mudell:Ewropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskussjoni mudell:Ewropa (il-paġna ma teżistix)"><span title="Diskussjoni fuq dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudell:Ewropa&action=edit"><span title="Immodifika dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;;">m</span></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Pajji%C5%BCi_tad-dinja" title="Pajjiżi tad-dinja">Pajjiżi</a> fl-<a href="/wiki/Ewropa" title="Ewropa">Ewropa</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th class="" style="white-space:nowrap;background:#ddddff;text-align:right;">Stati sovrani</th><td colspan="1" class="hlist" style="text-align:left;width:100%;font-size:95%;"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albanija" title="Albanija">Albanija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Armenja" title="Armenja">Armenja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Awstrija" title="Awstrija">Awstrija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/A%C5%BCerbaj%C4%A1an" title="Ażerbajġan">Ażerbajġan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bel%C4%A1ju" title="Belġju">Belġju</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belarussja" title="Belarussja">Belarussja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BCnija-%C4%A6erzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bożnija-Ħerzegovina">Bożnija-Ħerzegovina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija">Bulgarija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aekja" title="Ċekja">Ċekja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aipru" title="Ċipru">Ċipru</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Estonja" title="Estonja">Estonja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Finlandja" title="Finlandja">Finlandja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Franza" title="Franza">Franza</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ġermanja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gre%C4%8Bja" title="Greċja">Greċja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Repubblika_tal-Irlanda" title="Repubblika tal-Irlanda">Irlanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Italja" title="Italja">Italja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/I%C5%BClanda" title="Iżlanda">Iżlanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%BCakistan" title="Każakistan">Każakistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kroazja" title="Kroazja">Kroazja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Latvja" title="Latvja">Latvja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Litwanja" title="Litwanja">Litwanja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lussemburgu" title="Lussemburgu">Lussemburgu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Repubblika_tal-Ma%C4%8Bedonja_ta%27_Fuq" title="Repubblika tal-Maċedonja ta' Fuq">Maċedonja ta' Fuq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><span 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Marino</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Serbja" title="Serbja">Serbja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakkja" title="Slovakkja">Slovakkja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenja" title="Slovenja">Slovenja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja">Spanja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija">Turkija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ukrajna" title="Ukrajna">Ukrajna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ungerija" title="Ungerija">Ungerija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Belt_tal-Vatikan" title="Belt tal-Vatikan">Vatikan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvezja" title="Żvezja">Żvezja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBvizzera" title="Żvizzera">Żvizzera</a> </p> </div></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; padding-left:7px; width:0%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stampa:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/70px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/105px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/140px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><th class="" style="white-space:nowrap;background:#ddddff;text-align:right;">Stati b'rikonoxximent limitat</th><td colspan="1" class="hlist" style="text-align:left;width:100%;font-size:95%;background:#f7f7f7;"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abka%C5%BCja" title="Abkażja">Abkażja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ossezja_t%27Isfel" title="Ossezja t'Isfel">Ossezja t'Isfel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Repubblika_Torka_tat-Tramuntana_ta%27_%C4%8Aipru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repubblika Torka tat-Tramuntana ta' Ċipru (il-paġna ma teżistix)">Repubblika Torka tat-Tramuntana ta' Ċipru</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Transnistrija" title="Transnistrija">Transnistrija</a> </p> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox noprint collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; margin:auto;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;;border:none;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/Mudell:NATO" title="Mudell:NATO"><span title="Ara dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">a</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussjoni_mudell:NATO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskussjoni mudell:NATO (il-paġna ma teżistix)"><span title="Diskussjoni fuq dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudell:NATO&action=edit"><span title="Immodifika dan il-mudell" style=";border:none;;">m</span></a></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">Organizzazzjoni tat-Trattat tal-Atlantiku tat-Tramuntana (NATO)</a></span></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align:center;width:100%;font-size:95%;"> <a href="/wiki/Albanija" title="Albanija">Albanija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bel%C4%A1ju" title="Belġju">Belġju</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija">Bulgarija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Aekja" title="Ċekja">Ċekja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Estonja" title="Estonja">Estonja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Franza" title="Franza">Franza</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ġermanja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gre%C4%8Bja" title="Greċja">Greċja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Italja" title="Italja">Italja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/I%C5%BClanda" title="Iżlanda">Iżlanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kroazja" title="Kroazja">Kroazja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Latvja" title="Latvja">Latvja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Litwanja" title="Litwanja">Litwanja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lussemburgu" title="Lussemburgu">Lussemburgu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Repubblika_tal-Ma%C4%8Bedonja_ta%27_Fuq" title="Repubblika tal-Maċedonja ta' Fuq">Maċedonja ta' Fuq</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Norve%C4%A1ja" title="Norveġja">Norveġja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pajji%C5%BCi_l-Baxxi" title="Pajjiżi l-Baxxi">Pajjiżi l-Baxxi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Polonja" title="Polonja">Polonja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Portugall" title="Portugall">Portugall</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Renju_Unit" title="Renju Unit">Renju Unit</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rumanija" title="Rumanija">Rumanija</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakkja" title="Slovakkja">Slovakkja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenja" title="Slovenja">Slovenja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja">Spanja</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti" title="Stati Uniti">Stati Uniti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija">Turkija</a><span 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