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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan-Schrift" title="Shan-Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shan-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_szan" title="Pismo szan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo szan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Шанское письмо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шанское письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%82%82%E1%81%A2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8" title="ၵႂၢမ်းတႆး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵႂၢမ်းတႆး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="อักษรไทใหญ่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรไทใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E7%BB%B7%E6%96%87" title="傣绷文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="傣绷文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4520090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Abugida used for writing Tai Pong in China and Tai Yai in Myanmar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite;">Shan script<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1204105569">.mw-parser-output .script-myanmar{line-height:100%;font-family:"Noto Sans Myanmar",Pyidaungsu,"Myanmar Text",Myanmar3,Myanmar2,Myanmar1,Padauk,mm3web,TharLon,"Masterpiece Uni Sans",Parabaik,Yunghkio,Thanlwin,"Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}</style><span class="script-myanmar">လိၵ်ႈတႆး</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shan-liktai2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Shan-liktai2.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1407 CE</span>—present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4520090?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan language</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic alphabet">Proto-Sinaitic alphabet</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Brāhmī script">Brāhmī</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava script</a><sup id="cite_ref-diringer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diringer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Mon-Burmese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon-Burmese script">Mon-Burmese script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Shan script</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lik-Tai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lik-Tai script">Lik-Tai</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf">U+1000–U+109F</a> Myanmar</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> The <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> and its descendants</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Northern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Landa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudi_script" title="Gaudi script">Gaudi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagspa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagspa script">Phagspa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a> <ul><li>Marchung</li> <li>Pungs-chen</li> <li>Pungs-chung</li> <li>Drusha</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig" title="Tamyig">Tamyig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocharian alphabet">Tocharian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Southern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li> <li>Proto-Tai script<sup>?</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Noi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai Noi script">Thai Noi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dai_Don_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dai Don script (page does not exist)">Dai Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_Pao_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai Pao script (page does not exist)">Lai Pao</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulitan alphabet">Kulitan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">S'gaw Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan script">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><i>Lik-Tai scripts</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamti script">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_alphabet" title="Mon alphabet">Modern Mon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telugu-Kannada_alphabet" title="Telugu-Kannada alphabet">Telugu-Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brahmic" title="Template:Brahmic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brahmic" title="Template talk:Brahmic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brahmic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brahmic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tai-script-evolution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Tai-script-evolution.png/220px-Tai-script-evolution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Tai-script-evolution.png/330px-Tai-script-evolution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Tai-script-evolution.png/440px-Tai-script-evolution.png 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="1765" /></a><figcaption>Graphical summary of the development of Tai scripts from a Shan perspective, as reported in Sai Kam Mong's <i>Shan Script</i> book.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Shan script</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a> <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>, used for writing the <a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan language</a>, which was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Omniglot_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omniglot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its recent reforms, the Shan alphabet is more phonetic than other Burmese-derived scripts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This Section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shan_alphabet" title="Special:EditPage/Shan alphabet">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this Section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Shan+alphabet%22">"Shan alphabet"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Shan+alphabet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Shan+alphabet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Shan+alphabet%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Shan+alphabet%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Shan+alphabet%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Around the 15th or 16th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese script</a> was borrowed and adapted to write a <a href="/wiki/Tai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai language">Tai language</a> of northern Burma. This adaptation eventually resulted in the Shan alphabet, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom script</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khamti_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamti script">Khamti script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferlus1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferlus1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group of scripts has been called the "Lik Tai" scripts or "Lik" scripts, and are used by various Tai peoples in <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern India">northeastern India</a>, northern Myanmar, southwestern <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, and northwestern <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>According to the scholar Warthon, evidence suggests that the ancestral Lik-Tai script was borrowed from the Mon–Burmese script in the fifteenth century, most probably in the polity of <a href="/wiki/Mong_Mao" class="mw-redirect" title="Mong Mao">Mong Mao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is believed that the Ahom people had already adopted their script before migrating to the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley" title="Brahmaputra Valley">Brahmaputra Valley</a> in the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Stars_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stars-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, The scholar Daniels describes a Lik Tai script featured on a 1407 <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> scroll, which shows greater similarity to the <a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom script</a> than to the <a href="/wiki/Lik_Tho_Ngok" class="mw-redirect" title="Lik Tho Ngok">Lik Tho Ngok</a> (Tai Le) script.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1960s, Shan alphabet did not differentiate all vowels and diphthongs and had only one tone marker and a single form could represent up to 15 sounds. Only the well-trained were able to read Shan. The alphabet was reformed, making the modern alphabet easier to read with all tones indicated unambiguously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shan alphabet is characterised by the circular letter forms of the <a href="/wiki/Mon-Burmese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon-Burmese script">Mon-Burmese script</a>. It is an abugida, all letters having an inherent vowel /a/. Vowels are represented in the form of diacritics placed around the consonants. It is written left to right <sup id="cite_ref-Omniglot_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omniglot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The representation of the vowels depends partly on whether the syllable has a final consonant. They are typically arranged in the manner below to show the logical relationships between the medial and the final forms and between the individual vowels and the vowel clusters they help form. </p> <table class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet letters-tall"> <caption>Vowels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Medial </th> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">◌</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">a</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">unmarked</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257226131">.mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{vertical-align:top;text-align:center;font-weight:normal;padding:0.3em;min-width:3em}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-text{font-size:85%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-nowrap{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char span:nth-of-type(even){margin-left:0.4em;padding-left:0.4em;border-left:1px dotted #666}.mw-parser-output .letters-left .template-letter-char{padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-right .template-letter-char{padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-wide .template-letter-char{padding-right:0.8em;padding-left:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .letters-hi .template-letter-char{padding-top:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-lo .template-letter-char{padding-bottom:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-nadir .template-letter-char{padding-bottom:1.8em}.mw-parser-output .letters-tall .template-letter-char{padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257210792">.mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#8B0000}.mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:#edF3F3}.mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#F2FBFB}.mw-parser-output .letters-teal .template-letter-char{color:#007a7c}.mw-parser-output .letters-black .template-letter-char{color:#111}.mw-parser-output .letters-blue .template-letter-char{color:#0000A0}.mw-parser-output .letters-green .template-letter-char{color:#006000}.mw-parser-output .letters-violet .template-letter-char{color:#800080}.mw-parser-output .letters-pink .template-letter-char{color:#DB0A5B}.mw-parser-output .letters-orange .template-letter-char{color:#D43900}.mw-parser-output .letters-gold .template-letter-char{color:#AA5D00}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257186708">html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122);color:#F36060}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#F55592}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-black .template-letter-char{color:#ccc}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-teal .template-letter-char{color:#10ACB0}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-blue .template-letter-char{color:#008DEE}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-green .template-letter-char{color:#23AE23}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night.letters-violet .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#A375E8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-pink .template-letter-char{color:#F55592}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-orange .template-letter-char{color:#EE7347}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-gold .template-letter-char{color:#DE8317}</style> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၢ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɑː</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ိ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">i</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ဵ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">e</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႅ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ae</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ု</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">u</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ူ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">o</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ွ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aw/o</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ို</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">eu</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ိူ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">oe</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႂ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">wa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʷ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">Final </th> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႃ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɑː</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ီ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ii</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iː</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ေ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">e</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႄ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ae</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ူ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">uu</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uː</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ူဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">o</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ေႃ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aw/o</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ိုဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">eu</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ိူဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">oe</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႆ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ai</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၢႆ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aai</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aːi</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ုၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ui</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ui</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ူၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ohi/uai</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oi</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ွႆ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">oi/oy</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔi</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ိုၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">uei/uey</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɨi</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ိူၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">oei/oey</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">əi</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aw</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">au</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၢဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aaw</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aːu</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ိဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">iu</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iu</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ဵဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">eo</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eu</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႅဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aeo</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æu</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႂ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">aɨ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aɯ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shan alphabet is much less complex than those of related <a href="/wiki/Tai-Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai-Kadai languages">Tai-Kadai languages</a> like <a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a>. Having been reformed recently, Shan lacks many of the historical spelling remnants in Thai and Burmese. Compared to the Thai alphabet, it lacks the notions of high-class, mid-class and low-class consonants, distinctions which help the Thai script to number 44 consonants. Shan has only 19 consonants. </p><p>The number of consonants in a textbook may vary: there are 19 universally accepted Shan consonants (<span style="font-family:'Pyidaungsu', 'Myanmar Text', 'Noto Sans Myanmar', TharLon, Padauk, Myanmar3, Parabaik, Myanmar2, Myanmar1, MyMyanmar;">ၵ ၶ င ၸ သ ၺ တ ထ ၼ ပ ၽ ၾ မ ယ ရ လ ဝ ႁ ဢ</span>) and five more which represent sounds not found in Shan, g, z, b, d and th <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θ]</span>. These five (<span style="font-family:'Pyidaungsu', 'Myanmar Text', 'Noto Sans Myanmar', TharLon, Padauk, Myanmar3, Parabaik, Myanmar2, Myanmar1, MyMyanmar;">ၷ ၹ ၿ ၻ ႀ</span>) are quite rare. In addition, most editors include a dummy consonant (<span style="font-family:'Pyidaungsu', 'Myanmar Text', 'Noto Sans Myanmar', TharLon, Padauk, Myanmar3, Parabaik, Myanmar2, Myanmar1, MyMyanmar;">ဢ</span>) used in words with a vowel <a href="/wiki/Syllable#Onset" title="Syllable">onset</a>. A textbook may therefore present 18-24 consonants. </p><p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi scripts</a>, Shan consonants are typically arranged in rows based on <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> with columns based on aspiration and voicing. </p> <table class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet letters-lo"> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ka</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ka</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၶ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kha</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">င</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">nga</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၸ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">tsa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t͡ɕa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">သ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">sa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၺ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">nya</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">တ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ta</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ta</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ထ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">tha</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၼ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">na</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">na</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">pa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၽ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">pha</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၾ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">fa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">fa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">မ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ma</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ma</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ယ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ya</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ja</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ရ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ra</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ra</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">လ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">la</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">la</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ဝ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">wa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႁ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ha</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ha</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ဢ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">a</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet"> <caption>Consonants used primarily in loan words </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၷ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">gǎ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡa˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႀ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">xǎ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θa˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၻ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">dǎ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/da˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၿ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">bǎ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ba˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet letters-tall"> <caption>Final consonants and other symbols </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">မ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၼ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">င်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">တ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">k</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ျ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃa</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ြ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰra</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tones">Tones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tones are indicated by tone markers at the end of the syllable. Shan tonal markers are mostly unambiguous and phonetic. In the absence of any marker, the default is the rising tone. </p> <table class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet"> <caption>Tone markers </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">1</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">◌</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">rising</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">2</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႇ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">low</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">3</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႈ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">mid-falling</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">4</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">း</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">high</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">5</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႉ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">high-falling<br />and creaky</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">6</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ႊ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">emphatic<br />or middle</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While the reformed script originally used only four diacritic tone markers, equivalent to the five tones spoken in the southern dialect, the Lashio-based Shan Literature and Culture Association now, for a number of words, promotes the use of the 'yak khuen' (<a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan</a>: <span lang="shn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ယၵ်းၶိုၼ်ႈ</span></span>) to denote the sixth tone as pronounced in the north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals">Numerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are differences between the numerals used by the Shan script in China and Myanmar. The numerals used by Shan in China are similar to the numbers in <a href="/wiki/Tham_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tham script">Tham script</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le script</a> in China and the numbers in Burmese, while the Shan numerals in Myanmar form their own system, similar to the Burmese Tai Le numerals. </p> <table class="wikitable letters-table"> <tbody><tr class="letters-lo letters-violet"> <td>Burmese Shan<br />and Tai Le </td> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">0</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႐</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">1</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႑</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">2</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႒</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">3</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႓</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">4</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႔</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">5</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႕</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">6</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႖</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">7</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႗</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">8</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႘</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th> <th class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">9</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႙</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </th></tr> <tr class="letters-lo letters-black"> <td>Chinese Shan<br />and <a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}</style><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">᧐</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">᧑</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᥨ</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">၃</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">၄</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">၅</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">᧖</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">၇</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">᧘</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode"><span style="font-size:150%;">᧙</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three main punctuation marks in Shan script with an addition mark for letter <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplication</a>, typically as shorthand. </p> <table class="wikitable letters-table letters-violet letters-hi letters-lo"> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">၊</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">comma</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">။</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">full stop</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">႟</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">exclamation</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ꧦ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">letter<br />reduplication</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syllables">Syllables</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Syllables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below are charts with syllables showcasing how of Shan script vowels and consonants are combined. </p> <table class="wikitable letters-violet letters-lo letters-hi"> <caption>Monophthongs combined with the consonant <span class="nowrap">⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ</span>⟩</span>, <i>ka</i>. </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌◌</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔa˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ႃ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵႃ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ိ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵိ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǐ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔi˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ီ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵီ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǐi</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔiː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ေ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵေ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎe</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔeː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ႄ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵႄ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kě</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɛː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ု</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵု</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǔ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔu˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ ူ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵူ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǔu</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔuː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ူဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵူဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǒ</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔoː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ေႃ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵေႃ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎu</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɔː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ိုဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵိုဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǔe</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɯː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ◌ိူဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵိူဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǒe</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɤː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable letters-tall letters-violet"> <caption>Diphthongs combined with the consonant <span class="nowrap">⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ</span>⟩</span>, <i>ka</i>. </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ႆ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵႆ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎi</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaj˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ၢႆ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵၢႆ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎai</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaːj˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ွႆ</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵွႆ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎui</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɔj˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ုၺ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵုၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǔi</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔuj˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ူၺ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵူၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǒi</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔoj˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ိုၺ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵိုၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǔei</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɯj˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ိူၺ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵိူၺ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǒei</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɤj˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎo</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaw˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ၢဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵၢဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎao</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaːw˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ိဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵိဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǐo</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔiw˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ဵဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵဵဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kǎei</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔew˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ႅဝ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵႅဝ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">kěo</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔɛw˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ + ႂ်</span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ၵႂ်</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">ʼǎue</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔaɰ˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable letters-tall letters-violet"> <caption>Tones with the syllable <span class="nowrap">⟨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ပႃ</span>⟩</span>, paa. </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပႃ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">pǎa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paː˨˦/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပႃႇ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">pàa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paː˩/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပႃႈ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">pāa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paː˧˧˨/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပႃး</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">páa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paː˥/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပႃႉ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">pâ̰a</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paː˦˨ˀ/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar"><span style="font-size:150%;">ပႃႊ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Shan-language romanization"><i lang="shn-Latn">pa᷈a</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/paː˧˦˧/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shan script has been encoded as a part of the Myanmar block with the release version of Unicode 3.0. </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_(Unicode_block)" title="Myanmar (Unicode block)">Myanmar</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1000_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U1000_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+100x </td> <td title="U+1000: MYANMAR LETTER KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">က</span> </td> <td title="U+1001: MYANMAR LETTER KHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ခ</span> </td> <td title="U+1002: MYANMAR LETTER GA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဂ</span> </td> <td title="U+1003: MYANMAR LETTER GHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဃ</span> </td> <td title="U+1004: MYANMAR LETTER NGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">င</span> </td> <td title="U+1005: MYANMAR LETTER CA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">စ</span> </td> <td title="U+1006: MYANMAR LETTER CHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဆ</span> </td> <td title="U+1007: MYANMAR LETTER JA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဇ</span> </td> <td title="U+1008: MYANMAR LETTER JHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဈ</span> </td> <td title="U+1009: MYANMAR LETTER NYA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဉ</span> </td> <td title="U+100A: MYANMAR LETTER NNYA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ည</span> </td> <td title="U+100B: MYANMAR LETTER TTA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဋ</span> </td> <td title="U+100C: MYANMAR LETTER TTHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဌ</span> </td> <td title="U+100D: MYANMAR LETTER DDA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဍ</span> </td> <td title="U+100E: MYANMAR LETTER DDHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဎ</span> </td> <td title="U+100F: MYANMAR LETTER NNA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဏ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+101x </td> <td title="U+1010: MYANMAR LETTER TA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">တ</span> </td> <td title="U+1011: MYANMAR LETTER THA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ထ</span> </td> <td title="U+1012: MYANMAR LETTER DA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဒ</span> </td> <td title="U+1013: MYANMAR LETTER DHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဓ</span> </td> <td title="U+1014: MYANMAR LETTER NA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">န</span> </td> <td title="U+1015: MYANMAR LETTER PA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ပ</span> </td> <td title="U+1016: MYANMAR LETTER PHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဖ</span> </td> <td title="U+1017: MYANMAR LETTER BA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဗ</span> </td> <td title="U+1018: MYANMAR LETTER BHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဘ</span> </td> <td title="U+1019: MYANMAR LETTER MA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">မ</span> </td> <td title="U+101A: MYANMAR LETTER YA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ယ</span> </td> <td title="U+101B: MYANMAR LETTER RA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ရ</span> </td> <td title="U+101C: MYANMAR LETTER LA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">လ</span> </td> <td title="U+101D: MYANMAR LETTER WA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဝ</span> </td> <td title="U+101E: MYANMAR LETTER SA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">သ</span> </td> <td title="U+101F: MYANMAR LETTER HA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဟ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+102x </td> <td title="U+1020: MYANMAR LETTER LLA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဠ</span> </td> <td title="U+1021: MYANMAR LETTER A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">အ</span> </td> <td title="U+1022: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဢ</span> </td> <td title="U+1023: MYANMAR LETTER I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဣ</span> </td> <td title="U+1024: MYANMAR LETTER II"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဤ</span> </td> <td title="U+1025: MYANMAR LETTER U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဥ</span> </td> <td title="U+1026: MYANMAR LETTER UU"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဦ</span> </td> <td title="U+1027: MYANMAR LETTER E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဧ</span> </td> <td title="U+1028: MYANMAR LETTER MON E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဨ</span> </td> <td title="U+1029: MYANMAR LETTER O"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဩ</span> </td> <td title="U+102A: MYANMAR LETTER AU"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဪ</span> </td> <td title="U+102B: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN TALL AA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ါ</span> </td> <td title="U+102C: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ာ</span> </td> <td title="U+102D: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ိ</span> </td> <td title="U+102E: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN II"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ီ</span> </td> <td title="U+102F: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ု</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+103x </td> <td title="U+1030: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ူ</span> </td> <td title="U+1031: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ေ</span> </td> <td title="U+1032: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AI"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဲ</span> </td> <td title="U+1033: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN MON II"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဳ</span> </td> <td title="U+1034: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN MON O"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဴ</span> </td> <td title="U+1035: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E ABOVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဵ</span> </td> <td title="U+1036: MYANMAR SIGN ANUSVARA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ံ</span> </td> <td title="U+1037: MYANMAR SIGN DOT BELOW"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">့</span> </td> <td title="U+1038: MYANMAR SIGN VISARGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">း</span> </td> <td title="U+1039: MYANMAR SIGN VIRAMA"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black; line-height:1em;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">္</span><span class="nowrap"> </span></span> </td> <td title="U+103A: MYANMAR SIGN ASAT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">်</span> </td> <td title="U+103B: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL YA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ျ</span> </td> <td title="U+103C: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ြ</span> </td> <td title="U+103D: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL WA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ွ</span> </td> <td title="U+103E: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL HA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ှ</span> </td> <td title="U+103F: MYANMAR LETTER GREAT SA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ဿ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+104x </td> <td title="U+1040: MYANMAR DIGIT ZERO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၀</span> </td> <td title="U+1041: MYANMAR DIGIT ONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၁</span> </td> <td title="U+1042: MYANMAR DIGIT TWO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၂</span> </td> <td title="U+1043: MYANMAR DIGIT THREE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၃</span> </td> <td title="U+1044: MYANMAR DIGIT FOUR"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၄</span> </td> <td title="U+1045: MYANMAR DIGIT FIVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၅</span> </td> <td title="U+1046: MYANMAR DIGIT SIX"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၆</span> </td> <td title="U+1047: MYANMAR DIGIT SEVEN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၇</span> </td> <td title="U+1048: MYANMAR DIGIT EIGHT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၈</span> </td> <td title="U+1049: MYANMAR DIGIT NINE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၉</span> </td> <td title="U+104A: MYANMAR SIGN LITTLE SECTION"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၊</span> </td> <td title="U+104B: MYANMAR SIGN SECTION"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">။</span> </td> <td title="U+104C: MYANMAR SYMBOL LOCATIVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၌</span> </td> <td title="U+104D: MYANMAR SYMBOL COMPLETED"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၍</span> </td> <td title="U+104E: MYANMAR SYMBOL AFOREMENTIONED"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၎</span> </td> <td title="U+104F: MYANMAR SYMBOL GENITIVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">၏</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+105x </td> <td title="U+1050: MYANMAR LETTER SHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၐ</span> </td> <td title="U+1051: MYANMAR LETTER SSA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၑ</span> </td> <td title="U+1052: MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC R"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၒ</span> </td> <td title="U+1053: MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC RR"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၓ</span> </td> <td title="U+1054: MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC L"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၔ</span> </td> <td title="U+1055: MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC LL"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၕ</span> </td> <td title="U+1056: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၖ</span> </td> <td title="U+1057: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၗ</span> </td> <td title="U+1058: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၘ</span> </td> <td title="U+1059: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၙ</span> </td> <td title="U+105A: MYANMAR LETTER MON NGA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၚ</span> </td> <td title="U+105B: MYANMAR LETTER MON JHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၛ</span> </td> <td title="U+105C: MYANMAR LETTER MON BBA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၜ</span> </td> <td title="U+105D: MYANMAR LETTER MON BBE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၝ</span> </td> <td title="U+105E: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MON MEDIAL NA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၞ</span> </td> <td title="U+105F: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MON MEDIAL MA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၟ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+106x </td> <td title="U+1060: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MON MEDIAL LA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၠ</span> </td> <td title="U+1061: MYANMAR LETTER SGAW KAREN SHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၡ</span> </td> <td title="U+1062: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SGAW KAREN EU"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၢ</span> </td> <td title="U+1063: MYANMAR TONE MARK SGAW KAREN HATHI"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၣ</span> </td> <td title="U+1064: MYANMAR TONE MARK SGAW KAREN KE PHO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၤ</span> </td> <td title="U+1065: MYANMAR LETTER WESTERN PWO KAREN THA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၥ</span> </td> <td title="U+1066: MYANMAR LETTER WESTERN PWO KAREN PWA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၦ</span> </td> <td title="U+1067: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN EU"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၧ</span> </td> <td title="U+1068: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN UE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၨ</span> </td> <td title="U+1069: MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၩ</span> </td> <td title="U+106A: MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၪ</span> </td> <td title="U+106B: MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၫ</span> </td> <td title="U+106C: MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၬ</span> </td> <td title="U+106D: MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၭ</span> </td> <td title="U+106E: MYANMAR LETTER EASTERN PWO KAREN NNA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၮ</span> </td> <td title="U+106F: MYANMAR LETTER EASTERN PWO KAREN YWA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၯ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+107x </td> <td title="U+1070: MYANMAR LETTER EASTERN PWO KAREN GHWA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၰ</span> </td> <td title="U+1071: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN GEBA KAREN I"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၱ</span> </td> <td title="U+1072: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN KAYAH OE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၲ</span> </td> <td title="U+1073: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN KAYAH U"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၳ</span> </td> <td title="U+1074: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN KAYAH EE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၴ</span> </td> <td title="U+1075: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၵ</span> </td> <td title="U+1076: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၶ</span> </td> <td title="U+1077: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN GA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၷ</span> </td> <td title="U+1078: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၸ</span> </td> <td title="U+1079: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN ZA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၹ</span> </td> <td title="U+107A: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၺ</span> </td> <td title="U+107B: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN DA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၻ</span> </td> <td title="U+107C: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၼ</span> </td> <td title="U+107D: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN PHA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၽ</span> </td> <td title="U+107E: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN FA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၾ</span> </td> <td title="U+107F: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN BA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ၿ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+108x </td> <td title="U+1080: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႀ</span> </td> <td title="U+1081: MYANMAR LETTER SHAN HA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႁ</span> </td> <td title="U+1082: MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN SHAN MEDIAL WA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႂ</span> </td> <td title="U+1083: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN AA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႃ</span> </td> <td title="U+1084: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN E"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႄ</span> </td> <td title="U+1085: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN E ABOVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႅ</span> </td> <td title="U+1086: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN FINAL Y"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႆ</span> </td> <td title="U+1087: MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႇ</span> </td> <td title="U+1088: MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႈ</span> </td> <td title="U+1089: MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႉ</span> </td> <td title="U+108A: MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႊ</span> </td> <td title="U+108B: MYANMAR SIGN SHAN COUNCIL TONE-2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႋ</span> </td> <td title="U+108C: MYANMAR SIGN SHAN COUNCIL TONE-3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႌ</span> </td> <td title="U+108D: MYANMAR SIGN SHAN COUNCIL EMPHATIC TONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႍ</span> </td> <td title="U+108E: MYANMAR LETTER RUMAI PALAUNG FA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႎ</span> </td> <td title="U+108F: MYANMAR SIGN RUMAI PALAUNG TONE-5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႏ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+109x </td> <td title="U+1090: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT ZERO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႐</span> </td> <td title="U+1091: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT ONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႑</span> </td> <td title="U+1092: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT TWO"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႒</span> </td> <td title="U+1093: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT THREE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႓</span> </td> <td title="U+1094: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT FOUR"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႔</span> </td> <td title="U+1095: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT FIVE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႕</span> </td> <td title="U+1096: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT SIX"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႖</span> </td> <td title="U+1097: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT SEVEN"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႗</span> </td> <td title="U+1098: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT EIGHT"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႘</span> </td> <td title="U+1099: MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT NINE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႙</span> </td> <td title="U+109A: MYANMAR SIGN KHAMTI TONE-1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႚ</span> </td> <td title="U+109B: MYANMAR SIGN KHAMTI TONE-3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႛ</span> </td> <td title="U+109C: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AITON A"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႜ</span> </td> <td title="U+109D: MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AITON AI"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">ႝ</span> </td> <td title="U+109E: MYANMAR SYMBOL SHAN ONE"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႞</span> </td> <td title="U+109F: MYANMAR SYMBOL SHAN EXCLAMATION"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1204105569"><span class="script-myanmar">႟</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1000_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U1000_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shan_restroom_sign_in_Chiangmai_market.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A sign written in Shan along with other languages in Chiang Mai, Thailand"><img alt="A sign written in Shan along with other languages in Chiang Mai, Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Shan_restroom_sign_in_Chiangmai_market.JPG/120px-Shan_restroom_sign_in_Chiangmai_market.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Shan_restroom_sign_in_Chiangmai_market.JPG/180px-Shan_restroom_sign_in_Chiangmai_market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Shan_restroom_sign_in_Chiangmai_market.JPG/240px-Shan_restroom_sign_in_Chiangmai_market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A sign written in Shan along with other languages in Chiang Mai, Thailand</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shan_sign_in_Chiamai_store.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A sign written in Shan in Chiang Mai, Thailand"><img alt="A sign written in Shan in Chiang Mai, Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shan_sign_in_Chiamai_store.JPG/120px-Shan_sign_in_Chiamai_store.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shan_sign_in_Chiamai_store.JPG/180px-Shan_sign_in_Chiamai_store.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shan_sign_in_Chiamai_store.JPG/240px-Shan_sign_in_Chiamai_store.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A sign written in Shan in <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a>, Thailand</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-diringer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-diringer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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(eds.), (1992). <i>Tai Ahoms and the stars: three ritual texts to ward off danger</i>. Ithaca, NY: Southeast Asia Program.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2012" class="citation journal cs1">Daniels, Christian (2012). "Script without Buddhism: Burmese Influence on the Tay (Shan) Script of Mäng<sup>2</sup> Maaw<sup>2</sup> as Seen in a Chinese Scroll Painting of 1407". <i>International Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 170–171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1479591412000010">10.1017/S1479591412000010</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143348310">143348310</a>.</cite><span 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&oldid=1256512949">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shan_alphabet&oldid=1256512949</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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