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id="toc-Ethnography_and_fieldwork" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnography_and_fieldwork"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Ethnography and fieldwork </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnography_and_fieldwork-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functionalism_and_other_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functionalism_and_other_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Functionalism and other theories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functionalism_and_other_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teacher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teacher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Teacher </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teacher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Selected publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bronisław Malinowski</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="برونسيلاف مالينوفسكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برونسيلاف مالينوفسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronislav_Malinovski" title="Bronislav Malinovski – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bronislav Malinovski" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="برانیسلاو مالینوفسکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برانیسلاو مالینوفسکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Браніслаў Маліноўскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Браніслаў Маліноўскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Бронислав Малиновски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бронислав Малиновски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%86_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Μπρονίσουαφ Μαλινόφσκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπρονίσουαφ Μαλινόφσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="برانیسلاف مالینوفسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برانیسلاف مالینوفسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%94%84_%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="브로니스와프 말리노프스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브로니스와프 말리노프스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Բրոնիսլավ Մալինովսկի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրոնիսլավ Մալինովսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="ברוניסלב מלינובסקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברוניסלב מלינובסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronislaw_Malinowski" title="Bronislaw Malinowski – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bronislaw Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ბრონისლავ მალინოვსკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრონისლავ მალინოვსკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronislaus_Malinowski" title="Bronislaus Malinowski – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bronislaus Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro%C5%86islavs_Malinovskis" title="Broņislavs Malinovskis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Broņislavs Malinovskis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_(antropol%C3%B3gus)" title="Bronisław Malinowski (antropológus) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski (antropológus)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="برونسيلاف مالينوفسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برونسيلاف مالينوفسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_(antropoloog)" title="Bronisław Malinowski (antropoloog) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski (antropoloog)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8E%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD" title="ブロニスワフ・マリノフスキ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブロニスワフ・マリノフスキ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronislaw_Malinowski" title="Bronislaw Malinowski – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bronislaw Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_(antropolog)" title="Bronisław Malinowski (antropolog) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski (antropolog)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bronisław Malinowski" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski – Romanian" lang="ro" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Polish anthropologist and ethnographer (1884–1942)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Olympic athlete, see <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_(runner)" title="Bronisław Malinowski (runner)">Bronisław Malinowski (runner)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bronisław Malinowski</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronislawmalinowski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bronislawmalinowski.jpg/220px-Bronislawmalinowski.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bronislawmalinowski.jpg/330px-Bronislawmalinowski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Bronislawmalinowski.jpg/440px-Bronislawmalinowski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="798" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Bronisław Kasper Malinowski</div> (1884-04-07)7 April 1884 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Galicia and Lodomeria</a>, Austria-Hungary</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 May 1942(1942-05-16) (aged 58) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> (until 1918)</li><li>Poland (from 1918)</li><li>United Kingdom (from 1931)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>, 1908)</li><li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (<a href="/wiki/D.Sc." class="mw-redirect" title="D.Sc.">DSc</a>, 1916)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Father of <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">social anthropology</a>, popularizing fieldwork, <a href="/wiki/Participatory_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory observation">participatory observation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychological_functionalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological functionalism">psychological functionalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Rosaline_Masson" title="Elsie Rosaline Masson">Elsie Rosaline Masson</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1919; died 1935)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Valetta_Swann" title="Valetta Swann">Valetta Swann</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1940)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucjan_Malinowski" title="Lucjan Malinowski">Lucjan Malinowski</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Scientific career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>London School of Economics</li><li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> On the Principle of the Economy of Thought  (1908)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Leach" title="Edmund Leach">Edmund Leach</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Kaberry" title="Phyllis Kaberry">Phyllis Kaberry</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Kuper" title="Hilda Kuper">Hilda Kuper</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Richards" title="Audrey Richards">Audrey Richards</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Piddington" title="Ralph Piddington">Ralph Piddington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Firth" title="Raymond Firth">Raymond Firth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/E._E._Evans-Pritchard" title="E. E. Evans-Pritchard">E. E. Evans-Pritchard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Z._K._Matthews" title="Z. K. Matthews">Z. K. Matthews</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hortense_Powdermaker" title="Hortense Powdermaker">H. Powdermaker</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Fortes" title="Meyer Fortes">Meyer Fortes</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fei_Xiaotong" title="Fei Xiaotong">Fei Xiaotong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropology" title="Category:Anthropology">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Queue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queue.svg/100px-Queue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queue.svg/150px-Queue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queue.svg/200px-Queue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anthropology" title="Outline of anthropology">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anthropology" title="History of anthropology">History</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.75em;padding-right:0.75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_anthropology" title="Linguistic anthropology">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeological</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_archaeology" title="Aerial archaeology">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_archaeology" title="Aviation archaeology">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_archaeology" title="Battlefield archaeology">Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioarchaeology" title="Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_archaeology" title="Environmental archaeology">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnoarchaeology" title="Ethnoarchaeology">Ethnoarchaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_archaeology" title="Experimental archaeology">Experiential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_anthropology" title="Forensic anthropology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoethnobotany" title="Paleoethnobotany">Paleoethnobotanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooarchaeology" title="Zooarchaeology">Zooarchaeological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">Biological</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biocultural_anthropology" title="Biocultural anthropology">Biocultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anthropology" title="Evolutionary anthropology">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_anthropology" title="Forensic anthropology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_anthropology" title="Molecular anthropology">Molecular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroanthropology" title="Neuroanthropology"> Neurological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_anthropology" title="Nutritional anthropology">Nutritional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoanthropology" title="Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primatology" title="Primatology">Primatological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">Cultural</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_anthropology" title="Applied anthropology">Applied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_art" title="Anthropology of art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_anthropology" title="Cognitive anthropology">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_anthropology" title="Cyborg anthropology">Cyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_development" title="Anthropology of development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_anthropology" title="Digital anthropology">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_anthropology" title="Ecological anthropology">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_anthropology" title="Environmental anthropology">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_anthropology" title="Economic anthropology">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy_in_anthropology" title="Political economy in anthropology">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_food" title="Anthropology of food">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnohistory" title="Ethnohistory">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_institutions" title="Anthropology of institutions">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_anthropology" title="Legal anthropology">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_media" title="Anthropology of media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_anthropology" title="Medical anthropology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomuseology" title="Ethnomuseology">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_anthropology" title="Political anthropology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_anthropology" title="Psychological anthropology">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_anthropology" title="Public anthropology">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_anthropology" title="Symbolic anthropology">Symbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpersonal_anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="Transpersonal anthropology">Transpersonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_anthropology" title="Urban anthropology">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Visual</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_anthropology" title="Linguistic anthropology">Linguistic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_linguistics" title="Anthropological linguistics">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_description" title="Linguistic description">Descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistics" title="Ethnolinguistics">Ethnological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopoetics" title="Ethnopoetics">Ethnopoetical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_linguistics" title="Historical linguistics">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_ideology" title="Language ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotic_anthropology" title="Semiotic anthropology">Semiotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolinguistics" title="Sociolinguistics">Sociological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology#Methods" title="Cultural anthropology">Research framework</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropometry" title="Anthropometry">Anthropometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">Ethnography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-ethnography" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-ethnography">cyber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_cross-cultural_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard cross-cultural sample">Cross-cultural comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">Participant observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holism_in_science" title="Holism in science">Holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexivity_(social_theory)" title="Reflexivity (social theory)">Reflexivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thick_description" title="Thick description">Thick description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_relativism" title="Cultural relativism">Cultural relativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">Ethnocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emic_and_etic" title="Emic and etic">Emic and etic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Key concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_anthropology" title="Development anthropology">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution" title="Sociocultural evolution">sociocultural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship and descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_theories_of_value" title="Anthropological theories of value">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Key theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actor%E2%80%93network_theory" title="Actor–network theory">Actor–network theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_theory" title="Alliance theory">Alliance theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_studies" title="Cross-cultural studies">Cross-cultural studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_materialism_(anthropology)" title="Cultural materialism (anthropology)">Cultural materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_theory" title="Culture theory">Culture theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-cultural_diffusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-cultural diffusion">Diffusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_particularism" title="Historical particularism">Historical particularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boasian_anthropology" title="Boasian anthropology">Boasian anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_anthropology" title="Symbolic anthropology">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_studies" title="Performance studies">Performance studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy_in_anthropology" title="Political economy in anthropology">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_theory" title="Practice theory">Practice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_anthropology" title="Structural anthropology">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_anthropology" title="Systems theory in anthropology">Systems theory</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropologists_by_nationality" title="Category:Anthropologists by nationality">Anthropologists by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_anthropology" title="List of years in anthropology">Anthropology by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_anthropology" title="Bibliography of anthropology">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anthropology_journals" title="List of anthropology journals">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of indigenous peoples">List of indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anthropology_organizations" title="Category:Anthropology organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anthropology" title="Template:Anthropology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anthropology" title="Template talk:Anthropology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Polish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[brɔˈɲiswaf maliˈnɔfskʲi]</a>; 7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poles in the United Kingdom">Polish-British</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnologist</a> whose writings on ethnography, <a href="/wiki/Social_theory" title="Social theory">social theory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Field_research" title="Field research">field research</a> have exerted a lasting influence on the discipline of anthropology.<a href="#cite_note-GPM-11">[10]</a> Malinowski was born and raised in what was part of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Partition" title="Austrian Partition">Austrian partition of Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/King_John_III_Sobieski_2nd_High_School_(Krak%C3%B3w)" title="King John III Sobieski 2nd High School (Kraków)">King John III Sobieski 2nd High School</a>. In the years 1902–1906 he studied at the philosophy department of the <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a> and received his doctorate there in 1908. In 1910, at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (LSE), he worked on exchange and economics, analysing <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Aboriginal Australia</a> through ethnographic documents. In 1914, he travelled to Australia. He conducted research in the <a href="/wiki/Trobriand_Islands" title="Trobriand Islands">Trobriand Islands</a> and other regions in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> where he stayed for several years, studying <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous cultures</a>. Returning to England after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he published his principal work, <a href="/wiki/Argonauts_of_the_Western_Pacific" title="Argonauts of the Western Pacific">Argonauts of the Western Pacific</a> (1922), which established him as one of Europe's most important anthropologists. He took posts as a lecturer and later as chair in anthropology at the LSE, attracting large numbers of students and exerting great influence on the development of British <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">social anthropology</a>. Over the years, he guest-lectured at several American universities; when <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> broke out, he remained in the United States, taking an appointment at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. He died in 1942 and was interred in the United States. In 1967 his widow, <a href="/wiki/Valetta_Swann" title="Valetta Swann">Valetta Swann</a>, published <a href="/wiki/A_Diary_in_the_Strict_Sense_of_the_Term" title="A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term">his personal diary</a> kept during his fieldwork in Melanesia and New Guinea. It has since been a source of controversy, because of its ethnocentric and egocentric nature. Malinowski's ethnography of the Trobriand Islands described the complex institution of the <a href="/wiki/Kula_ring" title="Kula ring">Kula ring</a> and became foundational for subsequent theories of reciprocity and exchange. He was also widely regarded as an eminent fieldworker, and his texts regarding anthropological <a href="/wiki/Fieldwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Fieldwork">field methods</a> were foundational to early anthropology, popularizing the concept of <a href="/wiki/Participatory_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory observation">participatory observation</a>. His approach to social theory was a form of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_functionalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological functionalism">psychological functionalism</a> that emphasised how social and cultural institutions serve basic human needs—a perspective opposed to <a href="/wiki/A._R._Radcliffe-Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="A. R. Radcliffe-Brown">A. R. Radcliffe-Brown</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">structural functionalism</a>, which emphasised ways in which social institutions function in relation to society as a whole. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Malinowski, a scion of the Polish <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a> (nobility),<a href="#cite_note-:13-12">[11]</a>: 1013  was born on 7 April 1884 in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Partition" title="Austrian Partition">Austrian Partition</a> of the former <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> – then part of the <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> province known as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 332  His father, <a href="/wiki/Lucjan_Malinowski" title="Lucjan Malinowski">Lucjan Malinowski</a>, was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Slavic_studies" title="Slavic studies">Slavic</a> <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a>, and his mother was the daughter of a landowning family.<a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[13]</a> As a child he was frail, often in ill health, but excelled academically. On 30 May 1902 he passed his <a href="/wiki/Matura" title="Matura">matura</a> examinations (with distinction) at the <a href="/wiki/Jan_III_Sobieski_High_School,_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan III Sobieski High School, Kraków">Jan III Sobieski Secondary School</a>, and later that year began studying at the College of Philosophy of Kraków's Jagiellonian University, where he initially focused on mathematics and the physical sciences.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 332 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 137  While attending the university he became severely ill (possibly with <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>), and while he recuperated his interest turned more toward the <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a> as he took courses in philosophy and education.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 332–333  In 1908 he received a doctorate in philosophy from Jagiellonian University; his <a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">thesis</a> was titled On the Principle of the Economy of Thought.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 137  During his student years he became interested in travel abroad, and visited <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, western Asia, and North Africa; some of those travels were at least partly motivated by health concerns.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  He also spent three semesters at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1909–1910), where he studied under economist <a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%BCcher" title="Karl Bücher">Karl Bücher</a> and psychologist <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 137  After reading <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James Frazer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a>, he decided to become an anthropologist.<a href="#cite_note-:4-16">[15]</a>: 9 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 137  In 1910 he went to England, becoming a <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgraduate student">postgraduate student</a> at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (LSE), where his mentors included <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gabriel_Seligman" title="Charles Gabriel Seligman">C. G. Seligman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Westermarck" title="Edvard Westermarck">Edvard Westermarck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333 <a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a>: 162 <a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> In 1911 Malinowski published, in Polish, his first academic paper, "Totemizm i egzogamia" ("Totemism and Exogamy"), in <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lud_(czasopismo)" class="extiw" title="pl:Lud (czasopismo)">Lud</a>. The following year he published his first English-language academic paper,<a href="#cite_note-19">[b]</a> and in 1913 his first book, <a href="/wiki/The_Family_among_the_Australian_Aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="The Family among the Australian Aborigines">The Family among the Australian Aborigines</a>. In the same year he gave his first lectures at LSE, on topics related to <a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">psychology of religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social psychology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plate_I-Argonauts_of_the_western_Pacific_1922_(page_45_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Plate_I-Argonauts_of_the_western_Pacific_1922_%28page_45_crop%29.jpg/220px-Plate_I-Argonauts_of_the_western_Pacific_1922_%28page_45_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Plate_I-Argonauts_of_the_western_Pacific_1922_%28page_45_crop%29.jpg/330px-Plate_I-Argonauts_of_the_western_Pacific_1922_%28page_45_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Plate_I-Argonauts_of_the_western_Pacific_1922_%28page_45_crop%29.jpg/440px-Plate_I-Argonauts_of_the_western_Pacific_1922_%28page_45_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption>Plate I photo, Malinowski's <a href="/wiki/Argonauts_of_the_Western_Pacific" title="Argonauts of the Western Pacific">Argonauts of the Western Pacific</a> (1922), showing a village and Malinowski's tent</figcaption></figure> In June 1914 he departed London, travelling to Australia, as the first step in his expedition to <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> (in what would later become <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>).<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  The expedition was organised under the aegis of the <a href="/wiki/British_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="British Association for the Advancement of Science">British Association for the Advancement of Science</a> (BAAS).<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  Initially Malinowski's journey to Australia was supposed to last only about half a year, as he was mainly planning on attending a conference there, and travelled there in the capacity of secretary to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ranulph_Marett" title="Robert Ranulph Marett">Robert Ranulph Marett</a>. Shortly afterward, his situation became complicated due to the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Although Polish by ethnicity, he was a subject of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, which was at war with the United Kingdom. Malinowski, at risk of <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">internment</a>, nonetheless decided not to return to Europe, and after intervention by a number of his colleagues, including Marett as well as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cort_Haddon" title="Alfred Cort Haddon">Alfred Cort Haddon</a>, the Australian authorities allowed him to stay in the region and even provided him with new funding.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 138 <a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a>: 4–5 <a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a>: 136  His first field trip, lasting from August 1914 to March 1915, took him to the Toulon Island (<a href="/wiki/Mailu_Island" title="Mailu Island">Mailu Island</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Woodlark_Island" title="Woodlark Island">Woodlark Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  This field trip was described in his 1915 monograph <a href="/wiki/The_Natives_of_Mailu" title="The Natives of Mailu">The Natives of Mailu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  Subsequently, he conducted research in the <a href="/wiki/Trobriand_Islands" title="Trobriand Islands">Trobriand Islands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  He organized two larger expeditions during that time; from May 1915 to May 1916, and October 1917 to October 1918, in addition to several shorter excursions.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  It was during this period that he conducted his fieldwork on the <a href="/wiki/Kula_ring" title="Kula ring">Kula ring</a> (a ceremonial exchange system conducted by the natives he studied) and advanced the practice of <a href="/wiki/Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">participant observation</a>, which remains the hallmark of ethnographic research today.<a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 139  The ethnographic collection of artifacts from his expeditions is mostly held by the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Museum" title="Melbourne Museum">Melbourne Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  During the breaks in between his expeditions he stayed in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, writing up his research, and publishing new articles, such as <a href="/wiki/Baloma" title="Baloma">Baloma</a>; the Spirits of the Dead in the Trobriand Islands. In 1916 he received the title of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Sciences" title="Doctor of Sciences">Doctor of Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333–334 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 138  In 1919, he returned to Europe, staying at <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> for over a year before coming back to England in 1920 and finally to London in 1921.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 138 <a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> He resumed teaching at the LSE, accepting a position as a lecturer, declining a job offer from the Polish <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  The following year, his book <a href="/wiki/Argonauts_of_the_Western_Pacific" title="Argonauts of the Western Pacific">Argonauts of the Western Pacific</a>, often described as his masterpiece, was published.<a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[21]</a>: 7 <a href="#cite_note-:3-24">[22]</a>: 72  For the next two decades, he would establish the LSE as Europe's main centre of anthropology. In 1924 he was promoted to a <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">reader</a>, and in 1927, a full professor (foundation Professor of Social Anthropology).<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334 <a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> In 1930 he became a corresponding foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences">Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  In 1933, he became a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> In 1934 he travelled to <a href="/wiki/British_East_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="British East Africa">British East Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>, carrying out research among several tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Bemba_people" title="Bemba people">Bemba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maragoli_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Maragoli people">Maragoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334 <a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> The period 1926-1935 was the most productive time of his career, seeing the publications of many articles and several more books.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  Malinowski taught intermittently in the United States, which he first visited in 1926 to study the <a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334 <a href="#cite_note-:10-26">[24]</a> When <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> broke out during one of his American visits, he stayed there.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  He became an outspoken critic of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, arguing that it posed a threat to civilization, and he repeatedly urged US citizens to abandon their neutrality; his books duly became banned in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> In 1941 he carried out field research among the Mexican peasants in <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  He took up a position at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> as a visiting professor, where he remained until his death.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  In 1942 he co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Institute_of_Arts_and_Sciences_of_America" title="Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America">Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America</a>, of which he became its first president.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  In addition to his work in academia, he has been described as a "wittily entertaining pundit" who wrote and spoke in media of the day on various issues, such as religion and race relations, nationalism, totalitarianism, and war, as well as <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">sex education</a>. He was a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/British_Social_Hygiene_Council" title="British Social Hygiene Council">British Social Hygiene Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass-Observation" title="Mass-Observation">Mass-Observation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_African_Institute" title="International African Institute">International African Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> Malinowski died in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a> on 16 May 1942, aged 58, of a stroke<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 336  while preparing to resume his fieldwork in Oaxaca. He was interred at <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Cemetery_(New_Haven,_Connecticut)" title="Evergreen Cemetery (New Haven, Connecticut)">Evergreen Cemetery</a> in New Haven.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a>: 241  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> Except for a few works from the early 1910s, all of Malinowski's research was published in English.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  His first book, The Family among the Australian Aborigines, published in 1913, was based on materials he collected and wrote in the years 1909–1911. It was well-received not only by contemporary reviewers but also by scholars generations later. In 1963, in his foreword to its new edition, <a href="/wiki/John_Arundel_Barnes" title="John Arundel Barnes">John Arundel Barnes</a> called it an epochal work, and noted how it discredited the previously held theory that <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Australian Aborigines</a> had no institution of family.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 333  Published in 1922, <a href="/wiki/Argonauts_of_the_Western_Pacific" title="Argonauts of the Western Pacific">Argonauts of the Western Pacific</a>, about the society and economy of Trobriand people who live on the small <a href="/wiki/Trobriand_Islands" title="Trobriand Islands">Kiriwana island chain</a> northeast of the island of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, was widely regarded as a masterpiece and significantly boosted Malinowski's reputation in the world of academia.<a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[21]</a>: 7 <a href="#cite_note-:3-24">[22]</a>: 72  His later books included <a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Custom_in_Savage_Society" title="Crime and Custom in Savage Society">Crime and Custom in Savage Society</a> (1926), <a href="/wiki/Myth_in_Primitive_Psychology" title="Myth in Primitive Psychology">Myth in Primitive Psychology</a> (1926), <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_Repression_in_Savage_Society" title="Sex and Repression in Savage Society">Sex and Repression in Savage Society</a> (1927), <a href="/wiki/The_Father_in_Primitive_Psychology" title="The Father in Primitive Psychology">The Father in Primitive Psychology</a> (1927), <a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Life_of_Savages_in_North-Western_Melanesia" title="The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia">The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia</a> (1929), and <a href="/wiki/Coral_Gardens_and_Their_Magic" title="Coral Gardens and Their Magic">Coral Gardens and Their Magic</a> (1935).<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 334  The works tackled issues such as reciprocity and quasi-legal sanctions (in Crime...), <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a> of ethnographic findings (in Sex and Repression...) courtship, sex, marriage, and the family (in The Sexual Life...), and perceived connections between agriculture and magic (in Coral Gardens...).<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wmalinowski_trobriand_isles_1918_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wmalinowski_trobriand_isles_1918_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Wmalinowski_trobriand_isles_1918_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wmalinowski_trobriand_isles_1918_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Wmalinowski_trobriand_isles_1918_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wmalinowski_trobriand_isles_1918_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Wmalinowski_trobriand_isles_1918_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption>Bronislaw Malinowski with natives on Trobriand Islands; between October 1917 and October 1918.</figcaption></figure> His paper "Psycho-Analysis and Anthropology" (1924) is believed to be the first use of the term "<a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a>".<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> He incorporated the paper into his Sex and Repression in Savage Society (1927).<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> A number of his works were published posthumously or collected in anthologies: <a href="/wiki/A_Scientific_Theory_of_Culture_and_Others_Essays" class="mw-redirect" title="A Scientific Theory of Culture and Others Essays">A Scientific Theory of Culture and Others Essays</a> (1944), <a href="/wiki/Freedom_%26_Civilization" title="Freedom & Civilization">Freedom & Civilization</a> (1944), <a href="/wiki/The_Dynamics_of_Culture_Change" title="The Dynamics of Culture Change">The Dynamics of Culture Change</a> (1945), <a href="/wiki/Magic,_Science_and_Religion_and_Other_Essays" title="Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays">Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays</a> (1948), <a href="/wiki/Sex,_Culture,_and_Myth" title="Sex, Culture, and Myth">Sex, Culture, and Myth</a> (1962), the controversial<a href="#cite_note-auto-32">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/A_Diary_in_the_Strict_Sense_of_the_Term" title="A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term">A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term</a> (1967), and <a href="/wiki/The_Early_Writings_of_Bronislaw_Malinowski" title="The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski">The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski</a> (1993).<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  Malinowski's personal diary, along with several others written in <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>,<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  was discovered in his Yale University office after his death. First published in 1967, covering the period of his fieldwork in 1914–1915 and 1917–1918 in New Guinea and the Trobriand Islands, it set off a storm of controversy and what <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young_(anthropologist)" title="Michael W. Young (anthropologist)">Michael W. Young</a> called a "moral crisis of the discipline".<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[31]</a> Writing in 1987, <a href="/wiki/James_Clifford_(historian)" title="James Clifford (historian)">James Clifford</a> called it "a crucial document for the history of anthropology".<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a>: 97  Many of Malinowski's works entered <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideas_and_influences">Ideas and influences</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ideas and influences">edit</a>]</div> Already a year after his death <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Kluckhohn" title="Clyde Kluckhohn">Clyde Kluckhohn</a> described his influence in the field as significant if somewhat controversial, noting that to some he "was a major prophet", and that "no anthropologist has ever had so wide a popular audience".<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> In 1974 <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witold_Armon" class="extiw" title="pl:Witold Armon">Witold Armon</a> described many of his works as "classics".<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  Michael W. Young outlined Malinowski's major contributions as the comparative study of concepts of <a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">kinship</a>, marriage, the family; magic, <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>. His work impacted numerous fields such as <a href="/wiki/Economic_anthropology" title="Economic anthropology">economic anthropology</a>; <a href="/wiki/Comparative_law" title="Comparative law">comparative law</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Pragmatics" title="Pragmatics">pragmatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_linguistics" title="Theoretical linguistics">linguistic theory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnography_and_fieldwork">Ethnography and fieldwork</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ethnography and fieldwork">edit</a>]</div> Malinowski is considered one of anthropology's most skilled ethnographers, especially because of his highly methodical and well-theorised approach to the study of social systems. He is often referred to as the first researcher to bring anthropology "<a href="/wiki/Off_the_verandah" title="Off the verandah">off the verandah</a>" (a phrase that is also the name of a <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Singer_(producer)" title="André Singer (producer)">André Singer</a>'s 1986 documentary about his work<a href="#cite_note-38">[c]</a>), that is, stressing the need for fieldwork enabling the researcher to experience the everyday life of his subjects along with them. Malinowski emphasized the importance of detailed <a href="/wiki/Participant_observation" title="Participant observation">participant observation</a> and argued that anthropologists must have daily contact with their informants if they are to adequately record the "imponderabilia of everyday life" that are so important to understanding a different culture.<a href="#cite_note-:4-16">[15]</a>: 10 <a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-40">[37]</a>: 22 <a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[38]</a>: 74  He stated that the goal of the anthropologist, or ethnographer, is "to grasp the native's point of view, his relation to life, to realize his vision of his world".<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> Because of the influence of his argument, he is sometimes credited, particularly in the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-:12-43">[40]</a> with having invented the field of <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a>: 2  J. I. (Hans) Bakker says that Malinowski "wrote at least two of the 100 most significant ethnographies of all time".<a href="#cite_note-:11-45">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malinowski_mwali_plate_xvi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Malinowski_mwali_plate_xvi.png/220px-Malinowski_mwali_plate_xvi.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Malinowski_mwali_plate_xvi.png/330px-Malinowski_mwali_plate_xvi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Malinowski_mwali_plate_xvi.png/440px-Malinowski_mwali_plate_xvi.png 2x" data-file-width="1573" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption>Four mwali, one of the two main kinds of objects in Melanesia's <a href="/wiki/Kula_ring" title="Kula ring">Kula ritual</a>. Photo in Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922).</figcaption></figure> Malinowski in his pioneering<a href="#cite_note-50">[d]</a> research set up a tent in the middle of villages he studied, in which he lived for extended periods of time, weeks or months.<a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 138 <a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a>: 20 <a href="#cite_note-Langham-46">[43]</a>: 361  His argument was shaped by his initial experiences as an anthropologist in the mid-1910s in Australia and Oceania, where during his first field trip he found himself grossly unprepared for it, due to not knowing the language of the people he set to study, nor being able to observe their daily customs sufficiently (during that initial trip, he was lodged with a local missionary and just made daily trips to the village, an endeavor which became increasingly difficult once he lost his translator).<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a>: 1182–1183  His pioneering decision to subsequently immerse himself in the life of the natives represents his solution to this problem, and was the message he addressed to new, young anthropologists, aiming to both improve their experience and allow them to produce better data.<a href="#cite_note-:7-40">[37]</a>: 22  He advocated that stance from his very first publications, which were often harshly critical of those of his elders in the field of anthropology, who did most of their writing based on second-handed accounts.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335 <a href="#cite_note-:4-16">[15]</a>: 10–14 <a href="#cite_note-:8-53">[49]</a> This could be seen in the relation between Frazer - an influential early anthropologist, nonetheless described as the classic <a href="/wiki/Armchair_theorizing" title="Armchair theorizing">armchair scholar</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[38]</a>: 17  - and Malinowski was complex; Frazer was one of Malinowski's mentors and supporters, and his work is credited with inspiring young Malinowski to become an anthropologist.<a href="#cite_note-:4-16">[15]</a>: 9  At the same time, Malinowski was critical of Frazer from his early days, and it has been suggested that what he learned from Frazer was not "how to be an anthropologist" but "how not to do anthropology".<a href="#cite_note-:8-53">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Jarvie" title="Ian Jarvie">Ian Jarvie</a> wrote that many of Malinowski's writing represented an "attack" on Frazer's school of fieldwork,<a href="#cite_note-Jarvie-54">[50]</a>: 43  although <a href="/wiki/James_A._Boon" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Boon">James A. Boon</a> suggested this conflict has been exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-:4-16">[15]</a>: 10–14  His early works also contributed to <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">scientific study of sex</a>, previously restricted due to Euro-American <a href="/wiki/Prude" title="Prude">prudery</a> and views on morality. Malinowski's interest in the topic has been attributed to his <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> background having made him less concerned with "<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">puritanism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functionalism_and_other_theories">Functionalism and other theories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Functionalism and other theories">edit</a>]</div> Malinowski has been credited with originating, or being one of the main originators of, the school of <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">social anthropology</a> known as functionalism.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  It has been suggested that he was here inspired by the views of <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 137  In contrast to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Radcliffe-Brown" title="Alfred Radcliffe-Brown">Alfred Radcliffe-Brown</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Structural_functionalism" title="Structural functionalism">structural functionalism</a>, Malinowski's <a href="/wiki/Functional_psychology" title="Functional psychology">psychological functionalism</a> held that culture functioned to meet the needs of individuals rather than the needs of society as a whole. He reasoned that when the needs of individuals, who comprise society, are met, then the needs of society are met.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a>: 166 <a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a>: 386  Malinowski understood basic needs as arising from the necessities of biology; and culture, as group cooperation – as a way of addressing the basic needs. Thus, biological needs include metabolism, reproduction, bodily comforts, safety, movement, growth, and health; and the corresponding cultural responses are a food supply, kinship, shelter, protection, activities, training, and hygiene.<a href="#cite_note-:10-26">[24]</a> The development of Malinowski's theory of psychological functionalism was intimately tied to his focus on the importance of fieldwork: the anthropologist must, via empirical observation, investigate the functions of the customs observed in the present.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> To Malinowski, people's feelings and motives were crucial to understanding the way their society functioned, which he outlined as follows:<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Besides the firm outline of tribal constitution and crystallized cultural items which form the skeleton, besides the data of daily life and ordinary behavior, which are, so to speak, its flesh and blood, there is still to be recorded the spirit—the natives' views and opinions and utterances.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Argonauts, p. 22.</cite></div></blockquote> Malinowski, in what is considered an important contribution to <a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology" title="Cross-cultural psychology">cross-cultural psychology</a>, challenged the claim, to <a href="/wiki/Universality_(philosophy)" title="Universality (philosophy)">universality</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Freud" class="mw-redirect" title="Freud">Freud</a>'s theory of the <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-45">[42]</a> Malinowski initiated a cross-cultural approach in <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_Repression_in_Savage_Society" title="Sex and Repression in Savage Society">Sex and Repression in Savage Society</a> (1927), demonstrating that specific psychological complexes are not universal.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a>: 28  In 1920 he published his first scientific article on the Kula ring.<a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 138 <a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> In reference to the Kula ring, he later wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Yet it must be remembered that what appears to us an extensive, complicated, and yet well ordered institution is the outcome of so many doings and pursuits, carried on by savages, who have no laws or aims or charters definitely laid down. They have no knowledge of the total outline of any of their social structure. They know their own motives, know the purpose of individual actions and the rules which apply to them, but how, out of these, the whole collective institution shapes, this is beyond their mental range. Not even the most intelligent native has any clear idea of the Kula as a big, organised social construction, still less of its sociological function and implications...The integration of all the details observed, the achievement of a sociological synthesis of all the various, relevant symptoms, is the task of the Ethnographer... the Ethnographer has to construct the picture of the big institution, very much as the physicist constructs his theory from the experimental data, which always have been within reach of everybody, but needed a consistent interpretation.<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_among_Trobriand_tribe_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_among_Trobriand_tribe_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_among_Trobriand_tribe_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_among_Trobriand_tribe_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="201" /></a><figcaption>Malinowski with Trobriand Islanders, 1918</figcaption></figure> In these two passages, Malinowski anticipated the distinction between description and analysis, and between the views of actors and analysts. This distinction continues to inform anthropological methods and theories.<a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 141 <a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a>: 200–221  His research on the Trobriand <a href="/wiki/Traditional_economy" title="Traditional economy">traditional economy</a>, with its particular focus on <a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magic</a> and magicians, has been described as a substantial contribution to <a href="/wiki/Economic_anthropology" title="Economic anthropology">economic anthropology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 138–139  Overall, Malinowski has been credited with "contesting existing stereotypes", such as dismissals of "primitive economics", through his study of the Kula ring, which demonstrated how economics was embedded in culture. He criticized the term "primitive superstition", demonstrating complex relations among magic, science, and religion. Likewise his study of sexuality undermined simplistic views of "primitive sexuality".<a href="#cite_note-:12-43">[40]</a> Malinowski influenced <a href="/wiki/African_studies" title="African studies">African studies</a>, serving as academic mentor to <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a>, the father and first president of modern <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. Malinowski wrote the introduction to Facing Mount Kenya, Kenyatta's ethnographic study of the <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Many of Malinowski's students worked in Africa, likely due to his involvement with the <a href="/wiki/International_African_Institute" title="International African Institute">International African Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-43">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teacher">Teacher</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Teacher">edit</a>]</div> Malinowski is considered to have raised the next generation of anthropologists, particularly British.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  Many of his students adopted his functionalist approach.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> As a teacher, he preferred lectures to discussions;<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  his seminars have been called "electrifying".<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> He has been praised for his friendly and egalitarian attitude towards women students.<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> Among his students were such future social scientists as <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Kuper" title="Hilda Kuper">Hilda Beemer Kuper</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edith_Clarke_(anthropologist)" title="Edith Clarke (anthropologist)">Edith Clarke</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Dobrowolski_(socjolog)" class="extiw" title="pl:Kazimierz Dobrowolski (socjolog)">Kazimierz Dobrowolski</a>,<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Firth" title="Raymond Firth">Raymond Firth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meyer_Fortes" title="Meyer Fortes">Meyer Fortes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a>: x  <a href="/wiki/Feliks_Gross" title="Feliks Gross">Feliks Gross</a>,<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  <a href="/wiki/Francis_L._K._Hsu" title="Francis L. K. Hsu">Francis L. K. Hsu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a>: 13  <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Kaberry" title="Phyllis Kaberry">Phyllis Kaberry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Leach" title="Edmund Leach">Edmund Leach</a>,<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a>: 1  <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Mair" title="Lucy Mair">Lucy Mair</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Z._K._Matthews" title="Z. K. Matthews">Z. K. Matthews</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Obr%C4%99bski_(etnograf)" class="extiw" title="pl:Józef Obrębski (etnograf)">Józef Obrębski</a>,<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ossowska" title="Maria Ossowska">Maria Ossowska</a>,<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ossowski" title="Stanisław Ossowski">Stanisław Ossowski</a>,<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Piddington" title="Ralph Piddington">Ralph Piddington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a>: 67  <a href="/wiki/Hortense_Powdermaker" title="Hortense Powdermaker">Hortense Powdermaker</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/E._E._Evans-Pritchard" title="E. E. Evans-Pritchard">E. E. Evans-Pritchard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Read_(anthropologist)" title="Margaret Read (anthropologist)">Margaret Read</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Richards" title="Audrey Richards">Audrey Richards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Schapera" title="Isaac Schapera">Isaac Schapera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Jan_Walig%C3%B3rski" class="extiw" title="pl:Andrzej Jan Waligórski">Andrzej Jan Waligórski</a>,<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  <a href="/wiki/Camilla_Wedgwood" title="Camilla Wedgwood">Camilla Wedgwood</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monica_Wilson" title="Monica Wilson">Monica Wilson</a><a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fei_Xiaotong" title="Fei Xiaotong">Fei Xiaotong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 335  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Witkacy_-_Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_-_1930-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Witkacy_-_Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_-_1930-07.jpg/170px-Witkacy_-_Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_-_1930-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Witkacy_-_Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_-_1930-07.jpg/255px-Witkacy_-_Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_-_1930-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Witkacy_-_Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_-_1930-07.jpg/340px-Witkacy_-_Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski_-_1930-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Malinowski by <a href="/wiki/Witkacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Witkacy">Witkacy</a>, 1930</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Malinowski_Memorial_Lecture" title="Malinowski Memorial Lecture">Malinowski Memorial Lecture</a>, an annual anthropology lecture series at the LSE, inaugurated in 1959, is named after him.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 336  A student-led anthropology magazine at the LSE, The Argonaut, took its name from Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Applied_Anthropology" title="Society for Applied Anthropology">Society for Applied Anthropology</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Bronislaw_Malinowski_Award" title="Bronislaw Malinowski Award">Bronislaw Malinowski Award</a> in his honor in 1950. The award was awarded only until 1952, then went on hiatus until being re-established in 1973; it has been awarded annually since.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a>: 1 <a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz</a> based a character, Duke of Nevermore, from his novel <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/622_upadki_Bunga,_czyli_Demoniczna_kobieta" class="extiw" title="pl:622 upadki Bunga, czyli Demoniczna kobieta">The 622 Downfalls of Bungo or The Demonic Woman</a> (written in the 1910s but not published until 1972) on Malinowski.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 336  In 1957 Raymond Firth edited a book dedicated to the life and work of Malinowski, <a href="/wiki/Man_and_Culture" title="Man and Culture">Man and Culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> Other works about Malinowski have appeared since, such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young_(anthropologist)" title="Michael W. Young (anthropologist)">Michael W. Young</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Malinowski:_Odyssey_of_an_Anthropologist,_1884%E2%80%931920" title="Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884–1920">Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884–1920</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> He is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> in the <a href="/wiki/The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles" title="The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles">Young Indiana Jones</a> TV movie Treasure of the Peacock's Eye.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> The life and work of Malinowski is the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> Tales From The Jungle: Malinowski aired by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> channel in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> In his youth he was a close friend of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, a Polish artist; this friendship had much impact on Malinowski's early life.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> They had a romantic triangle with <a href="/wiki/Zofia_Romer" title="Zofia Romer">Zofia Romer</a> née Dembowska.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> Throughout his life he gained the reputation of a <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">philanderer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> His other friends from his student times included <a href="/wiki/Maria_Czaplicka" title="Maria Czaplicka">Maria Czaplicka</a>, the first female lecturer in anthropology at Oxford University.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a>: 172  In 1919 Malinowski married <a href="/wiki/Elsie_Rosaline_Masson" title="Elsie Rosaline Masson">Elsie Rosaline Masson</a>, an Australian photographer, writer, and traveler (daughter of <a href="/wiki/David_Orme_Masson" title="David Orme Masson">David Orme Masson</a>), with whom he had three daughters: Józefa (born 1920), Wanda (born 1922), and Helena (born 1925). Elsie died in 1935, and in 1940 Malinowski married the English painter <a href="/wiki/Valetta_Swann" title="Valetta Swann">Valetta Swann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-psb-13">[12]</a>: 336 <a href="#cite_note-:6-15">[14]</a>: 138  Malinowski's daughter Helena Malinowska Wayne wrote several articles on her father's life and a book about her parents.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> While Malinowski was brought up in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> faith, after his mother's death he described himself as <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Selected publications">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Bronisław Malinowski">Bronisław Malinowski</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="malinowski1913familyaustralianaborigines" class="citation book cs1">Malinowski, B. (1913). <a href="/wiki/The_Family_among_the_Australian_Aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="The Family among the Australian Aborigines">The family among the Australian Aborigines: a sociological study</a>. London: University of London Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+family+among+the+Australian+Aborigines%3A+a+sociological+study&rft.place=London&rft.pub=University+of+London+Press&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Malinowski1922Argonauts" class="citation book cs1">————— (1922). <a href="/wiki/Argonauts_of_the_Western_Pacific" title="Argonauts of the Western Pacific">Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An account of native enterprise and adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea</a>. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (Enhanced Edition reissued Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2013).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argonauts+of+the+Western+Pacific%3A+An+account+of+native+enterprise+and+adventure+in+the+Archipelagoes+of+Melanesian+New+Guinea&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge+and+Kegan+Paul+%28Enhanced+Edition+reissued+Long+Grove%2C+IL%3A+Waveland+Press%2C+2013%29&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinowski,_B.1924" class="citation journal cs1">————— (1924). "Mutterrechtliche Familie und Ödipus-Komplex" [Psycho-Analysis and Anthropology]. Imago: Zeitschrift für Anwendung der Psychoanalyse auf die Geisteswissenschaften. 10: 228–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Imago%3A+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Anwendung+der+Psychoanalyse+auf+die+Geisteswissenschaften&rft.atitle=Mutterrechtliche+Familie+und+%C3%96dipus-Komplex&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=228-77&rft.date=1924&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinowski,_B.1924" class="citation journal cs1">————— (1924). "Psycho-Analysis and Anthropology". Psyche: An Annual of General and Linguistic Psychology. 4: 293–332.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psyche%3A+An+Annual+of+General+and+Linguistic+Psychology&rft.atitle=Psycho-Analysis+and+Anthropology&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=293-332&rft.date=1924&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1926myth" class="citation book cs1">————— (1926). <a href="/wiki/Myth_in_primitive_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Myth in primitive psychology">Myth in primitive psychology</a>. London: Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth+in+primitive+psychology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1926&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1926crimeculture" class="citation book cs1">————— (1926). <a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Custom_in_Savage_Society" title="Crime and Custom in Savage Society">Crime and custom in savage society</a>. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crime+and+custom+in+savage+society&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+Co.&rft.date=1926&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1927sexrepression" class="citation book cs1">————— (1927). <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_Repression_in_Savage_Society" title="Sex and Repression in Savage Society">Sex and Repression in Savage Society</a>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+and+Repression+in+Savage+Society&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Trubner+%26+Co.&rft.date=1927&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1929SexualLife" class="citation book cs1">————— H. Ellis (1929). <a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Life_of_Savages_in_North-Western_Melanesia" title="The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia">The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia</a>. An Ethnographic Account of Courtship, Marriage, and Family Life Among the Natives of the Trobriand Islands, British New Guinea. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sexual+Life+of+Savages+in+North-Western+Melanesia.+An+Ethnographic+Account+of+Courtship%2C+Marriage%2C+and+Family+Life+Among+the+Natives+of+the+Trobriand+Islands%2C+British+New+Guinea&rft.place=London&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rft.au=H.+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1935Coralgardens" class="citation book cs1">————— E.R. Leach; J. Berry (1935). <a href="/wiki/Coral_gardens_and_their_magic" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral gardens and their magic">Coral gardens and their magic</a>. London: Allen & Unwin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coral+gardens+and+their+magic&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1935&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rft.au=E.R.+Leach&rft.au=J.+Berry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1944ScientificTheoryCulture" class="citation book cs1">————— (1944). <a href="/wiki/A_Scientific_Theory_of_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="A Scientific Theory of Culture">A Scientific Theory of Culture and Others Essays</a>. Chapel Hill, N. Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Scientific+Theory+of+Culture+and+Others+Essays&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+N.+Carolina&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1944&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1947FreedomCivilization" class="citation book cs1">————— (1947). <a href="/wiki/Freedom_%26_Civilization" title="Freedom & Civilization">Freedom & Civilization</a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom+%26+Civilization&rft.place=London&rft.date=1947&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1946DynamicsCultureChange" class="citation book cs1">————— (1946). P.M. Kaberry (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Dynamics_of_Culture_Change" title="The Dynamics of Culture Change">The Dynamics of Culture Change: An Inquiry Into Race Relations in Africa</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dynamics+of+Culture+Change%3A+An+Inquiry+Into+Race+Relations+in+Africa&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1946&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1948MagicScienceReligion" class="citation book cs1">————— (1948). <a href="/wiki/Magic,_Science_and_Religion_and_Other_Essays" title="Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays">Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays</a>. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press (Reissued Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 1992).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magic%2C+Science+and+Religion+and+Other+Essays&rft.place=Glencoe%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=The+Free+Press+%28Reissued+Long+Grove%2C+IL%3A+Waveland+Press%2C+1992%29&rft.date=1948&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1962SexCultureMyth" class="citation book cs1">————— (1962). <a href="/wiki/Sex,_Culture,_and_Myth" title="Sex, Culture, and Myth">Sex, Culture, and Myth</a>. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex%2C+Culture%2C+and+Myth&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+World&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1967diary" class="citation book cs1">————— (1967). <a href="/wiki/A_Diary_in_the_Strict_Sense_of_the_Term" title="A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term">A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term</a>. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Diary+in+the+Strict+Sense+of+the+Term&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+World&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="malinowski1993earlywritings" class="citation book cs1">————— (1993). R.J. Thornton & P. Skalnik (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Early_Writings_of_Bronislaw_Malinowski" title="The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski">The early writings</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+early+writings&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Malinowski%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_people#Social_sciences" title="List of Polish people">List of Polish people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Bronisław Malinowski was born into a Polish family in a historic Polish region then administered by the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> (see also: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Partition" title="Austrian Partition">Austrian partition of Poland</a>). In 1910, aged 26, he emigrated to the United Kingdom and spent most of his remaining life—some three decades—working there. After <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)#First_World_War" title="History of Poland (1795–1918)">Poland regained independence in 1918</a>, he became a Polish citizen but continued living in Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-Helena-1">[1]</a> In 1931 he also obtained <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British citizenship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>: 60  In his preface to a 1937 Polish-language edition of his 1929 book, The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia, he wrote: "I happened to work in a foreign milieu, and served Polish learning only indirectly. But did I cease serving Polish learning as I cast my scholarship into the international arena and worked in conditions that allowed me to achieve enhanced results? I think not. I have always served Polish learning, not less so than others, but differently. Polish learning required such services, performed abroad. I never ceased feeling Polish and, if the need arose to emphasize it, I was always able to do so."<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Malinowski is described in sources as Polish,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>: 402 <a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>: 210 <a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>: 176  Polish-born British,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIEoHS-8">[8]</a> or Polish-British.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>: 304  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Probably "The Economic Aspect of the Intichiuma Ceremonies". He had already in 1910 published a book review in English in <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Anthropological_Institute" title="Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute">Man</a>, the journal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Anthropological_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Anthropological Institute">Royal Anthropological Institute</a>, and another there in 1911.<a href="#cite_note-GPM-11">[10]</a> For more on Malinowski's early writings, see <a href="/wiki/The_Early_Writings_of_Bronislaw_Malinowski" title="The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski">The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski</a> (1993, 2006) by Robert J. Thornton and Peter Skalnik.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> "Bronislaw Malinowski: Off the Veranda." 52 minutes. Films Media Group, 1985.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Malinowski is said to have "gone native" around 1915–1916; another American scholar, <a href="/wiki/John_Layard" title="John Layard">John Layard</a>, did so around the same time as well (in 1917).<a href="#cite_note-Langham-46">[43]</a>: 361  <a href="/wiki/Chris_Gosden" title="Chris Gosden">Chris Gosden</a> wrote that "Malinowski's claim to have moved anthropological fieldwork from the verandah into the village has considerable truth to it, even if this is not the whole truth [as] there is much more continuity between himself and his predecessors than Malinowski allowed for".<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a>: 51  <a href="/wiki/Max_Gluckman" title="Max Gluckman">Max Gluckman</a> noted that Malinowski developed the idea of fieldwork, but it originated with <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cort_Haddon" title="Alfred Cort Haddon">Alfred Cort Haddon</a> in England and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a>: 242  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burgess_(sociologist)" title="Robert Burgess (sociologist)">Robert G. Burgess</a> concluded that "it is Malinowski who is usually credited with being the originator of intensive anthropological field research".<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a>: 4  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Helena-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helena_1-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne1985" class="citation journal cs1">Wayne, Helena (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fae.1985.12.3.02a00090">"Bronislaw Malinowski: The Influence of Various Women on His Life and Works"</a>. American Ethnologist. 12 (3): 529–540. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fae.1985.12.3.02a00090">10.1525/ae.1985.12.3.02a00090</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0094-0496">0094-0496</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/644537">644537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=Bronislaw+Malinowski%3A+The+Influence+of+Various+Women+on+His+Life+and+Works&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=529-540&rft.date=1985&rft.issn=0094-0496&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F644537%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fae.1985.12.3.02a00090&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Fae.1985.12.3.02a00090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThapan1998" class="citation book cs1">Thapan, Meenakshi (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cunRBEceAp4C&q=Malinowski+citizenship+1931&pg=PA60">Anthropological Journeys: Reflections on Fieldwork</a>. Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1221-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1221-4"><bdi>978-81-250-1221-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropological+Journeys%3A+Reflections+on+Fieldwork&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-250-1221-4&rft.aulast=Thapan&rft.aufirst=Meenakshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcunRBEceAp4C%26q%3DMalinowski%2Bcitizenship%2B1931%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwilecki1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kwilecki, Andrzej (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/handle/10593/16422">"Tradycje socjologii polskiej"</a>. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (in Polish). L (2): 227–262.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ruch+Prawniczy%2C+Ekonomiczny+i+Socjologiczny&rft.atitle=Tradycje+socjologii+polskiej&rft.volume=L&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-262&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Kwilecki&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepozytorium.amu.edu.pl%2Fhandle%2F10593%2F16422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGeeWarms2013" class="citation book cs1">McGee, R. Jon; Warms, Richard L. (28 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GX1ZDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Bronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski%22">Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology: An Encyclopedia</a>. SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5063-1461-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5063-1461-7"><bdi>978-1-5063-1461-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+in+Social+and+Cultural+Anthropology%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft.isbn=978-1-5063-1461-7&rft.aulast=McGee&rft.aufirst=R.+Jon&rft.au=Warms%2C+Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGX1ZDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Bronis%25C5%2582aw%2BMalinowski%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiper2011" class="citation book cs1">Riper, A. Bowdoin Van (15 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NtxBl3l1XHoC&q=1942+Polish+%22Bronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski%22+encyclopedia+-wikipedia&pg=PA210">A Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors in American Film and TV since 1930</a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8129-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8129-7"><bdi>978-0-8108-8129-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+Scientists+and+Inventors+in+American+Film+and+TV+since+1930&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8129-7&rft.aulast=Riper&rft.aufirst=A.+Bowdoin+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNtxBl3l1XHoC%26q%3D1942%2BPolish%2B%2522Bronis%25C5%2582aw%2BMalinowski%2522%2Bencyclopedia%2B-wikipedia%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KpRFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Polish+anthropologist,+who+emphasized%22">The Encyclopedia Americana: M-Mexico City</a>. Grolier Incorporated. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0134-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0134-1"><bdi>978-0-7172-0134-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana%3A+M-Mexico+City&rft.pub=Grolier+Incorporated&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0134-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKpRFAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522Polish%2Banthropologist%2C%2Bwho%2Bemphasized%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100128856">"Bronislaw Malinowski"</a>. 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(2015), "Malinowski, Bronislaw (1884–1942)", The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality, American Cancer Society, pp. 721–817, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118896877.wbiehs279">10.1002/9781118896877.wbiehs279</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-89687-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-89687-7"><bdi>978-1-118-89687-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malinowski%2C+Bronislaw+%281884%E2%80%931942%29&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Human+Sexuality&rft.pages=721-817&rft.pub=American+Cancer+Society&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118896877.wbiehs279&rft.isbn=978-1-118-89687-7&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAthyal2015" class="citation book cs1">Athyal, Jesudas M. 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American Anthropologist. 45 (3): 441–451. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1943.45.3.02a00090">10.1525/aa.1943.45.3.02a00090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=Bronislaw+Malinowski&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=441-451&rft.date=1943-07-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1943.45.3.02a00090&rft.aulast=Murdock&rft.aufirst=George+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Faa.1943.45.3.02a00090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-12"><a href="#cite_ref-:13_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvertonSchmalhausen2018" class="citation book cs1">Calverton, Victor Francis; Schmalhausen, Samuel Daniel (20 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IIRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1013">Revival: The New Generation (1930): The Intimate Problems of Modern Parents and Children</a>. 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Polish Biographical Dictionary (Polski słownik biograficzny) (in Polish). Vol. 19. National Film Archive - Audiovisual Institute. pp. 332–336. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/bronislaw-kasper-malinowski-wiesz">the original</a> on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski&rft.btitle=Polish+Biographical+Dictionary+%28Polski+s%C5%82ownik+biograficzny%29&rft.pages=332-336&rft.pub=National+Film+Archive+-+Audiovisual+Institute&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Armon&rft.aufirst=Witold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsb.nina.gov.pl%2Fa%2Fbiografia%2Fbronislaw-kasper-malinowski-wiesz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2">c</a> Senft, Günter. 1997. Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski. in Verschueren, Ostman, Blommaert & Bulcaen (eds.) Handbook of Pragmatics Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:64592:3/component/escidoc:468416/Book%20Chapter_Bronislaw%20Kasper%20Malinowski_1999.pdf">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaillard2004" class="citation book cs1">Gaillard, Gerald (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1AvbEKWmwngC&q=Gaillard+2004">The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58580-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58580-9"><bdi>978-1-134-58580-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Dictionary+of+Anthropologists&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58580-9&rft.aulast=Gaillard&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1AvbEKWmwngC%26q%3DGaillard%2B2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoon1982" class="citation book cs1">Boon, James A. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LR04AAAAIAAJ&q=%22off+the+verandah%22+malinowski&pg=PA10">Other Tribes, Other Scribes: Symbolic Anthropology in the Comparative Study of Cultures, Histories, Religions and Texts</a>. CUP Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27197-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27197-4"><bdi>978-0-521-27197-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Other+Tribes%2C+Other+Scribes%3A+Symbolic+Anthropology+in+the+Comparative+Study+of+Cultures%2C+Histories%2C+Religions+and+Texts&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27197-4&rft.aulast=Boon&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLR04AAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522off%2Bthe%2Bverandah%2522%2Bmalinowski%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuklick2009" class="citation book cs1">Kuklick, Henrika (9 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aV7RRIQNZsgC&q=Seligman+malinowski+Westermarck&pg=PA162">New History of Anthropology</a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-76621-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-76621-7"><bdi>978-0-470-76621-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+History+of+Anthropology&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009-02-09&rft.isbn=978-0-470-76621-7&rft.aulast=Kuklick&rft.aufirst=Henrika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaV7RRIQNZsgC%26q%3DSeligman%2Bmalinowski%2BWestermarck%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorntonSkalnik2006" class="citation book cs1">Thornton, Robert J.; Skalnik, Peter (1 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3NvxzQEACAAJ&q=Early+writings+of+Malinowski">The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02646-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02646-8"><bdi>978-0-521-02646-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Writings+of+Bronislaw+Malinowski&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-521-02646-8&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft.au=Skalnik%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3NvxzQEACAAJ%26q%3DEarly%2Bwritings%2Bof%2BMalinowski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinowski2001" class="citation book cs1">Malinowski, Bronislaw (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTrjsvIw2CYC&q=Malinowski++Marett+1914&pg=PA4">Malinowski Among the Magi: The Natives of Mailu</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26244-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26244-6"><bdi>978-0-415-26244-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malinowski+Among+the+Magi%3A+The+Natives+of+Mailu&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001-11&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26244-6&rft.aulast=Malinowski&rft.aufirst=Bronislaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTrjsvIw2CYC%26q%3DMalinowski%2B%2BMarett%2B1914%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2008" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Jerry D. (25 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-qQX0hvoxAC&q=1922+Malinowski+doctorate&pg=PA136">Visions of Culture: An Introduction to Anthropological Theories and Theorists</a>. Rowman Altamira. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-1239-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-1239-1"><bdi>978-0-7591-1239-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+Culture%3A+An+Introduction+to+Anthropological+Theories+and+Theorists&rft.pub=Rowman+Altamira&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-1239-1&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Jerry+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7-qQX0hvoxAC%26q%3D1922%2BMalinowski%2Bdoctorate%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinowskiYoungBeran2016" class="citation journal cs1">Malinowski, Bronislaw; Young, Michael W.; Beran, Harry (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26788775">"Malinowski on Primitive Art: 'Art Notes and Suggestions' of 1921"</a>. Pacific Arts. 16 (1): 5–8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1018-4252">1018-4252</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26788775">26788775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Arts&rft.atitle=Malinowski+on+Primitive+Art%3A+%27Art+Notes+and+Suggestions%27+of+1921&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-8&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26788775%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1018-4252&rft.aulast=Malinowski&rft.aufirst=Bronislaw&rft.au=Young%2C+Michael+W.&rft.au=Beran%2C+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26788775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenft2010" class="citation book cs1">Senft, Gunter (19 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eLSqIMLzm8EC&q=%22Argonauts+of+the+Western+Pacific%22++masterpiece&pg=PA7">The Trobriand Islanders' Ways of Speaking</a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022799-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022799-4"><bdi>978-3-11-022799-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trobriand+Islanders%27+Ways+of+Speaking&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2010-07-19&rft.isbn=978-3-11-022799-4&rft.aulast=Senft&rft.aufirst=Gunter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeLSqIMLzm8EC%26q%3D%2522Argonauts%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWestern%2BPacific%2522%2B%2Bmasterpiece%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestonDjohari2020" class="citation book cs1">Weston, Gavin; Djohari, Natalie (11 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbfjDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Argonauts+of+the+Western+Pacific%22++masterpiece&pg=PT72">Anthropological Controversies: The "Crimes" and Misdemeanors that Shaped a Discipline</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-86120-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-86120-8"><bdi>978-0-429-86120-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropological+Controversies%3A+The+%22Crimes%22+and+Misdemeanors+that+Shaped+a+Discipline&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.isbn=978-0-429-86120-8&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft.au=Djohari%2C+Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLbfjDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Argonauts%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWestern%2BPacific%2522%2B%2Bmasterpiece%26pg%3DPT72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00001738">"B.K. Malinowski (1884–1942)"</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 19 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B.K.+Malinowski+%281884%E2%80%931942%29&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00001738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_26-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCipriani2007" class="citation cs2">Cipriani, Roberto (15 February 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosm007">"Malinowski, Bronislaw K.(1884–1942)"</a>, in Ritzer, George; Weiler, Bernd (eds.), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosm007">10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosm007</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2433-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2433-1"><bdi>978-1-4051-2433-1</bdi></a>, retrieved 13 January 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malinowski%2C+Bronislaw+K.%281884%E2%80%931942%29&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Sociology&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2007-02-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosm007&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2433-1&rft.aulast=Cipriani&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405165518.wbeosm007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrivastava1985" class="citation journal cs1">Srivastava, Vinay Kumar (March 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0038022919850107">"Malinowski on Freedom & Civilization"</a>. Sociological Bulletin. 34 (1–2): 148–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0038022919850107">10.1177/0038022919850107</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-0229">0038-0229</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171728097">171728097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Malinowski+on+Freedom+%26+Civilization&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=148-182&rft.date=1985-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171728097%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0038-0229&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0038022919850107&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.aufirst=Vinay+Kumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0038022919850107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne1995" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Helena (1995). The Story of a Marriage: The Letters of Bronisław Malinowski and Elsie Masson. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+a+Marriage%3A+The+Letters+of+Bronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski+and+Elsie+Masson&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Helena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/dictionary/nuclear-family_n">"nuclear family"</a>. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2 October 2024. <q>OED's earliest evidence for nuclear family is from 1924, in the writing of Bronisław Malinowski, anthropologist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=nuclear+family&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fdictionary%2Fnuclear-family_n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkalník2021" class="citation journal cs1">Skalník, Petr (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berose.fr/article2478.html?lang=fr">"Malinowski and Philosophy"</a>. Bérose. Retrieved 2 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A9rose&rft.atitle=Malinowski+and+Philosophy&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Skaln%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=Petr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berose.fr%2Farticle2478.html%3Flang%3Dfr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly" class="citation web cs1">Connolly, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parapraxismagazine.com/articles/the-nuclear-family">"The Nuclear Family"</a>. Parapraxis. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parapraxis&rft.atitle=The+Nuclear+Family&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parapraxismagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-nuclear-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-32"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=2891">A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term | Bronislaw Malinowski With a New Introduction by Raymond Firth</a>. Stanford University Press. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804717076" title="Special:BookSources/9780804717076"><bdi>9780804717076</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Diary+in+the+Strict+Sense+of+the+Term+%26%23124%3B+Bronislaw+Malinowski+With+a+New+Introduction+by+Raymond+Firth&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780804717076&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sup.org%2Fbooks%2Ftitle%2F%3Fid%3D2891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-33"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1995" class="citation journal cs1">Thompson, Christina A. (1 June 1995). "Anthropology's conrad: Malinowski in the tropics and what he read". The Journal of Pacific History. 30 (1): 53–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223349508572783">10.1080/00223349508572783</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3344">0022-3344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Pacific+History&rft.atitle=Anthropology%27s+conrad%3A+Malinowski+in+the+tropics+and+what+he+read&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53-75&rft.date=1995-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00223349508572783&rft.issn=0022-3344&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Christina+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1988" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, James (18 May 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vvQXBAAAQBAJ&q=%22%22a+crucial+document+for+the+history+of+anthropology%22&pg=PA97">The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-69843-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-69843-7"><bdi>978-0-674-69843-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Predicament+of+Culture%3A+Twentieth-Century+Ethnography%2C+Literature%2C+and+Art&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1988-05-18&rft.isbn=978-0-674-69843-7&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvvQXBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522%2522a%2Bcrucial%2Bdocument%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Banthropology%2522%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2014" class="citation web cs1">Young, Michael W. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/writing-his-life-through-the-other-the-anthropology-of-malinowski/">"Writing his Life through the Other: The Anthropology of Malinowski"</a>. The Public Domain Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204131846/https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/writing-his-life-through-the-other-the-anthropology-of-malinowski/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Public+Domain+Review&rft.atitle=Writing+his+Life+through+the+Other%3A+The+Anthropology+of+Malinowski&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicdomainreview.org%2Fessay%2Fwriting-his-life-through-the-other-the-anthropology-of-malinowski%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKluckhohn1943" class="citation journal cs1">Kluckhohn, Clyde (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/535603">"Bronislaw Malinowski 1884-1942"</a>. The Journal of American Folklore. 56 (221): 208–219. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8715">0021-8715</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/535603">535603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=Bronislaw+Malinowski+1884-1942&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=221&rft.pages=208-219&rft.date=1943&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F535603%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0021-8715&rft.aulast=Kluckhohn&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F535603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreet2019" class="citation book cs1">Street, Alexander (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e53MxQEACAAJ&q=%22off+the+verandah%22+malinowski">Off the Verandah: Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942)</a>. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Off+the+Verandah%3A+Bronislaw+Malinowski+%281884-1942%29.&rft.pub=Royal+Anthropological+Institute+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Street&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De53MxQEACAAJ%26q%3D%2522off%2Bthe%2Bverandah%2522%2Bmalinowski&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2010" class="citation journal cs1">Richards, Diana (25 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2000862">"Naturalized Methods for Jurisprudence: A Constructive Account"</a>. Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.2000862">10.2139/ssrn.2000862</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2000862">2000862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Naturalized+Methods+for+Jurisprudence%3A+A+Constructive+Account&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2000862%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.2000862&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D2000862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrabtreeRouncefieldTolmie2012" class="citation book cs1">Crabtree, Andrew; Rouncefield, Mark; Tolmie, Peter (5 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zyi4VeEEnBYC&q=%22off+the+verandah%22+malinowski&pg=PA22">Doing Design Ethnography</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-2726-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4471-2726-0"><bdi>978-1-4471-2726-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doing+Design+Ethnography&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft.isbn=978-1-4471-2726-0&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Rouncefield%2C+Mark&rft.au=Tolmie%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzyi4VeEEnBYC%26q%3D%2522off%2Bthe%2Bverandah%2522%2Bmalinowski%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkely2020" class="citation book cs1">Okely, Judith (15 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n0MHEAAAQBAJ&q=verandah+%22imponderabilia+of+everyday+life%22+malinowski&pg=PT74">Anthropological Practice: Fieldwork and the Ethnographic Method</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-18055-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-18055-8"><bdi>978-1-000-18055-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropological+Practice%3A+Fieldwork+and+the+Ethnographic+Method&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft.isbn=978-1-000-18055-8&rft.aulast=Okely&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn0MHEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dverandah%2B%2522imponderabilia%2Bof%2Beveryday%2Blife%2522%2Bmalinowski%26pg%3DPT74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Argonauts of the Western Pacific, Dutton 1961 edition, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_43-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2018" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, William W. (5 October 2018). "Malinowski, Bronisław (1884–1942)". In Callan, Hilary (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118924396">The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology</a> (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 1–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118924396.wbiea2164">10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2164</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-92439-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-92439-6"><bdi>978-1-118-92439-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:187470515">187470515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malinowski%2C+Bronis%C5%82aw+%281884%E2%80%931942%29&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Anthropology&rft.pages=1-6&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2018-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A187470515%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118924396.wbiea2164&rft.isbn=978-1-118-92439-6&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.1002%2F9781118924396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelhuusMitchellWulff2010" class="citation book cs1">Melhuus, Marit; Mitchell, Jon P.; Wulff, Helena (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yKtffW73Nt4C&q=%22invented+by+Bronislaw+Malinowski%22&pg=PP11">Ethnographic Practice in the Present</a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-616-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-616-0"><bdi>978-1-84545-616-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnographic+Practice+in+the+Present&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-616-0&rft.aulast=Melhuus&rft.aufirst=Marit&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Jon+P.&rft.au=Wulff%2C+Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyKtffW73Nt4C%26q%3D%2522invented%2Bby%2BBronislaw%2BMalinowski%2522%26pg%3DPP11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakker2013" class="citation book cs1">Bakker, J. I. (Hans) (24 September 2013). "Malinowski, Bronislaw". In Keith, Kenneth D (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118339893">The Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology</a> (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 835–838. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118339893.wbeccp340">10.1002/9781118339893.wbeccp340</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-67126-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-67126-9"><bdi>978-0-470-67126-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malinowski%2C+Bronislaw&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Cross-Cultural+Psychology&rft.pages=835-838&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2013-09-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118339893.wbeccp340&rft.isbn=978-0-470-67126-9&rft.aulast=Bakker&rft.aufirst=J.+I.+%28Hans%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.1002%2F9781118339893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langham-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Langham_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langham_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangham2012" class="citation book cs1">Langham, K. (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MP7rCAAAQBAJ&q=Malinowski+tent+village&pg=PA361">The Building of British Social Anthropology: W.H.R. Rivers and his Cambridge Disciples in The Development of Kinship Studies, 1898–1931</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-009-8464-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-009-8464-6"><bdi>978-94-009-8464-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Building+of+British+Social+Anthropology%3A+W.H.R.+Rivers+and+his+Cambridge+Disciples+in+The+Development+of+Kinship+Studies%2C+1898%E2%80%931931&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-94-009-8464-6&rft.aulast=Langham&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMP7rCAAAQBAJ%26q%3DMalinowski%2Btent%2Bvillage%26pg%3DPA361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosden2002" class="citation book cs1">Gosden, Chris (4 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dc-EAgAAQBAJ&q=Malinowski+originator+fieldwork&pg=PA51">Anthropology and Archaeology: A Changing Relationship</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-71621-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-71621-0"><bdi>978-1-134-71621-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropology+and+Archaeology%3A+A+Changing+Relationship&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-01-04&rft.isbn=978-1-134-71621-0&rft.aulast=Gosden&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddc-EAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DMalinowski%2Boriginator%2Bfieldwork%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGluckman2013" class="citation book cs1">Gluckman, Max (5 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HfX7AQAAQBAJ&q=Malinowski+originator+fieldwork&pg=PA242">Order and Rebellion in Tribal Africa</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-52849-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-52849-1"><bdi>978-1-136-52849-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Order+and+Rebellion+in+Tribal+Africa&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.isbn=978-1-136-52849-1&rft.aulast=Gluckman&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHfX7AQAAQBAJ%26q%3DMalinowski%2Boriginator%2Bfieldwork%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2003" class="citation book cs1">Burgess, Robert G. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-89751-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-89751-3"><bdi>978-1-134-89751-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Research%3A+A+Sourcebook+and+Field+Manual&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-09-02&rft.isbn=978-1-134-89751-3&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtziIAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DMalinowski%2Boriginator%2Bfieldwork%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1997" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, James (21 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EDOVAT808fUC&q=Malinowski+tent+village&pg=PA20">Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-77960-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-77960-0"><bdi>978-0-674-77960-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routes%3A+Travel+and+Translation+in+the+Late+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1997-04-21&rft.isbn=978-0-674-77960-0&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEDOVAT808fUC%26q%3DMalinowski%2Btent%2Bvillage%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederiksNagy2021" class="citation book cs1">Frederiks, Martha; Nagy, Dorottya (22 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LrY0EAAAQBAJ&q=missionary+william+saville&pg=PA1183">Critical Readings in the History of Christian Mission: Volume 4</a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-39961-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-39961-7"><bdi>978-90-04-39961-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Readings+in+the+History+of+Christian+Mission%3A+Volume+4&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2021-06-22&rft.isbn=978-90-04-39961-7&rft.aulast=Frederiks&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft.au=Nagy%2C+Dorottya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrY0EAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmissionary%2Bwilliam%2Bsaville%26pg%3DPA1183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1995" class="citation journal cs1">Morton, John (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20706617">"Review of The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski"</a>. The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 104 (2): 229–231. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-4000">0032-4000</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20706617">20706617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+Early+Writings+of+Bronislaw+Malinowski&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229-231&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20706617%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0032-4000&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20706617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarvie-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Jarvie_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvie2013" class="citation book cs1">Jarvie, I. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-03466-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-03466-5"><bdi>978-1-135-03466-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Revolution+in+Anthropology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-135-03466-5&rft.aulast=Jarvie&rft.aufirst=I.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DScHWAQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2BRevolution%2Bin%2BAnthropology%2522%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScupin2019" class="citation book cs1">Scupin, Raymond (10 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FfC9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT166">Cultural Anthropology: A Global Perspective</a>. SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-6311-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-6311-0"><bdi>978-1-5443-6311-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Anthropology%3A+A+Global+Perspective&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft.isbn=978-1-5443-6311-0&rft.aulast=Scupin&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFfC9DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1997" class="citation book cs1">Green, Thomas A. 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Libraries Unlimited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56308-131-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56308-131-6"><bdi>978-1-56308-131-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Human+Sexuality%3A+A+Selected+Guide&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-56308-131-6&rft.aulast=Frayser&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+G.&rft.au=Whitby%2C+Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZArPH0nFGo0C%26q%3DMalinowski%2BOedipus%2Bcomplex%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinowski_B1920" class="citation journal cs1">Malinowski B (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1449522">"Kula: the Circulating Exchange of Valuables in the Archipelagoes of Eastern New Guinea"</a>. Man. 20: 97–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2840430">10.2307/2840430</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2840430">2840430</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Man&rft.atitle=Kula%3A+the+Circulating+Exchange+of+Valuables+in+the+Archipelagoes+of+Eastern+New+Guinea&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=97-105&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2840430&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2840430%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Malinowski+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1449522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Argonauts of the Western Pacific, Dutton 1961 edition, p. 83-84. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngioni1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Angioni, Giulio (1974). 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Canadian Journal of African Studies. 30 (3): 313–344. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00083968.1996.10804424">10.1080/00083968.1996.10804424</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-3968">0008-3968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Ethnography+as+Politics%2C+Politics+as+Ethnography%3A+Kenyatta%2C+Malinowski%2C+and+the+Making+of+Facing+Mount+Kenya&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=313-344&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00083968.1996.10804424&rft.issn=0008-3968&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F00083968.1996.10804424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent1986" class="citation journal cs1">Vincent, Joan (1 September 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00988157.1986.9977795">"Functionalism revisited: An unsettled science"</a>. 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CUP Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33693-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33693-2"><bdi>978-0-521-33693-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Morality+and+the+Person%3A+Essays+on+Tallensi+Religion&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1987-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0-521-33693-2&rft.aulast=Fortes&rft.aufirst=Meyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJg4AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPR10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2000" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Choong Soon (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c85xAAAAMAAJ&q=Francis+L.+K.+Hsu+Malinowski+student">Anthropological Studies of Korea by Westerners</a>. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52102-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52102-4"><bdi>978-0-521-52102-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmund+Leach%3A+An+Anthropological+Life&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-02-14&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52102-4&rft.aulast=Tambiah&rft.aufirst=Stanley+Jeyaraja&rft.au=Tambiah%2C+Stanley+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWBfBkGvRmowC%26q%3DMalinowski%2B%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1992" class="citation journal cs1">White, T. R. H. 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Pamiętnik Literacki (in Polish). 4 (99): 185–229. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-0514">0031-0514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pami%C4%99tnik+Literacki&rft.atitle=A+FORCIBLE+VOICE+OF+DONNA+QUERPIA.+ZOFIA+DEMBOWSKA%27S+LETTERS+TO+BRONISLAW+MALINOWSKI+%28Dobitny+glos+Donny+Querpii.+Listy+Zofii+Dembowskiej+do+Bronislawa+Malinowskiego%29&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=99&rft.pages=185-229&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0031-0514&rft.aulast=Kubica&rft.aufirst=Grazyna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infona.pl%2F%2Fresource%2Fbwmeta1.element.f46b9bda-6c3e-3f9c-b653-f7b3554be3e8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivière2009" class="citation book cs1">Rivière, Peter (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hSmrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA172">A History of Oxford Anthropology</a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-699-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-699-3"><bdi>978-1-84545-699-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Oxford+Anthropology&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2009-10&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-699-3&rft.aulast=Rivi%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhSmrAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2018" class="citation journal cs1">Young, Michael W. 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Anthropology Today. 34 (4): 26–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-8322.12451">10.1111/1467-8322.12451</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1467-8322">1467-8322</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149687807">149687807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropology+Today&rft.atitle=Helena+Paula+Wayne+Malinowska+%281925%E2%80%932018%29&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=26-27&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149687807%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1467-8322&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-8322.12451&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2F1467-8322.12451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702141255/https://mfea.projects.unibz.it/helena-malinowska-wayne-17-may-1925-31-march-2018/">"Helena Malinowska Wayne (17 May 1925 – 31 March 2018)"</a>. MFEA - Malinowski Forum for Ethnography and Anthropology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mfea.projects.unibz.it/helena-malinowska-wayne-17-may-1925-31-march-2018/">the original</a> on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFEA+-+Malinowski+Forum+for+Ethnography+and+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Helena+Malinowska+Wayne+%2817+May+1925+%E2%80%93+31+March+2018%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmfea.projects.unibz.it%2Fhelena-malinowska-wayne-17-may-1925-31-march-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="firth1960malinowskimanculture" class="citation book cs1">Firth, Raymond (1960). Man and culture: an evaluation of the work of Bronislaw Malinowski. London: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+and+culture%3A+an+evaluation+of+the+work+of+Bronislaw+Malinowski&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Firth%2C+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABronis%C5%82aw+Malinowski" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Vermeulen, Han F. & Frederico Delgado Rosa (eds.). 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berose.fr/article2707.html">"Before and After Malinowski: Alternative Views on the History of Anthropology [A Virtual Round Table at the Royal Anthropological Institute, London, 7 July 2022]"</a> (with the participation of Sophie Chevalier, Barbara Chambers Dawson, Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Michael Kraus, Adam Kuper, Herbert S. Lewis, Andrew Lyons, David Mills, David Shankland, James Urry, and <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_L%C3%A9vy_Zumwalt" title="Rosemary Lévy Zumwalt">Rosemary Lévy Zumwalt</a>), BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bronis%C5%82aw_Kasper_Malinowski" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bronisław Kasper Malinowski">Bronisław Kasper Malinowski</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Bronisław Malinowski">Bronisław Malinowski</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:Bronisław Malinowski">Bronisław Malinowski</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/45006">Works by Bronisław Malinowski</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Malinowski%2C%20Bronislaw">Works by Bronislaw Malinowski</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060313130121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/rams/thinkingallowed_20040714.ram">Malinowski</a>; Archive (Real audio stream) of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> edition of 'Thinking allowed' on Malinowski</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/pac/baloma/index.htm">Baloma; the Spirits of the Dead in the Trobriand Islands</a>, at sacred-texts.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lse.ac.uk/TreeBrowse.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=MALINOWSKI">Papers of Bronislaw Malinowski held at LSE Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lse.ac.uk/TreeBrowse.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=MALINOWSKI%2F3">Malinowski's fieldwork photographs, Trobriand Islands, 1915–1918</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savagememory.com">Savage Memory – documentary about Malinowski's legacy</a></li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/mssa.ms.0019" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/mssa.ms.0019">Bronislaw Malinowski papers (MS 19)</a>. Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bronisław_Malinowski" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Template:Bronisław Malinowski"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Template talk:Bronisław Malinowski"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bronisław Malinowski"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bronisław_Malinowski" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bronisław Malinowski</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Among_the_Australian_Aborigines" title="The Family Among the Australian Aborigines">The Family Among the Australian Aborigines</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Natives_of_Mailu" title="The Natives of Mailu">The Natives of Mailu</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonauts_of_the_Western_Pacific" title="Argonauts of the Western Pacific">Argonauts of the Western Pacific</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Custom_in_Savage_Society" title="Crime and Custom in Savage Society">Crime and Custom in Savage Society</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_in_Primitive_Psychology" title="Myth in Primitive Psychology">Myth in Primitive Psychology</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_Repression_in_Savage_Society" title="Sex and Repression in Savage Society">Sex and Repression in Savage Society</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Father_in_Primitive_Psychology" title="The Father in Primitive Psychology">The Father in Primitive Psychology</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Life_of_Savages_in_North-Western_Melanesia" title="The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia">The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Gardens_and_Their_Magic" title="Coral Gardens and Their Magic">Coral Gardens and Their Magic</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Scientific_Theory_of_Culture_and_Others_Essays" class="mw-redirect" title="A Scientific Theory of Culture and Others Essays">A Scientific Theory of Culture and Others Essays</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_%26_Civilization" title="Freedom & Civilization">Freedom & Civilization</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dynamics_of_Culture_Change" title="The Dynamics of Culture Change">The Dynamics of Culture Change</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic,_Science_and_Religion_and_Other_Essays" title="Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays">Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex,_Culture,_and_Myth" title="Sex, Culture, and Myth">Sex, Culture, and Myth</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Diary_in_the_Strict_Sense_of_the_Term" title="A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term">A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Writings_of_Bronislaw_Malinowski" title="The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski">The Early Writings of Bronislaw Malinowski</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronislaw_Malinowski_Award" title="Bronislaw Malinowski Award">Bronislaw Malinowski Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Culture" title="Man and Culture">Man and Culture: An Evaluation of the Work of Malinowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malinowski:_Odyssey_of_an_Anthropologist,_1884%E2%80%931920" title="Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884–1920">Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884–1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off_the_verandah" title="Off the verandah">Off the verandah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184992#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184992#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184992#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121363423">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64008803">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/13883/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkMPy6cMfQWGFx8Y9mfMP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118576755">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/58504">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068305311">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90065712">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000006411&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000014891&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000050089">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=159525">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199617546">Korea</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201303792">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jmqdwq3gwwn1q">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810537915405606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/233420">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007281999205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521800906706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14252488">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00384558?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/406657">RKD Artists</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/911931">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118576755.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118576755">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027004236">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xv0z46">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bronisław_Malinowski&oldid=1259700641">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bronisław_Malinowski&oldid=1259700641</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Category:Bronisław Malinowski">Bronisław Malinowski</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1884_births" title="Category:1884 births">1884 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1942_deaths" title="Category:1942 deaths">1942 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_anthropologists" title="Category:20th-century British anthropologists">20th-century British anthropologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_non-fiction_writers" 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