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href="/conferences/2020/islamic-heritage-2020" >Islamic Heritage 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/environmental-impact-2020" >Environmental Impact 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/energy-production-and-management-2020" >Energy Production and Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/susi-2020" >SUSI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/risk-analysis-2020" >Risk Analysis 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/comprail-2020" >COMPRAIL 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/waste-management-2020" >Waste Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-tourism-2020" >Sustainable Tourism 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/afm-2020" >AFM 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/hpsm-opti-2020" >HPSM/OPTI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/eco-architecture-2020" >Eco-Architecture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-transport-2020" >Urban Transport 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-development-and-planning-2020" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-growth-2020" >Urban Growth 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-city-2020" >Sustainable City 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/friar-2020" >FRIAR 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-agriculture-2020" >Urban Agriculture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/water-pollution-2020" >Water Pollution 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/bem-43" >BEM/MRM 43</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5673 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2019" >2019</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-resources-management-2019" >Water Resources Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/river-basin-management-2019" >River Basin Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/multiphase-flow-2019" >Multiphase Flow 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/materials-characterisation-2019" >Materials Characterisation 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/cmem-2019" >CMEM 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/eres-2019" >ERES 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/urban-transport-2019" >Urban Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/air-pollution-2019" >Air Pollution 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bem-42" >BEM/MRM 42</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/energy-and-sustainability-2019" >Energy and Sustainability 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/maritime-transport-2019" >Maritime Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/coastal-cities-2019" >Coastal Cities 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/safe-2019" >SAFE 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/disaster-management-2019" >Disaster Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/sustainable-city-2019" >Sustainable City 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-and-society-2019" >Water and Society 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/stremah-2019" >STREMAH 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bim-2019" >BIM 2019</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5589 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2018" >2018</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2018/islamic-heritage-2018" >Islamic Heritage 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-tourism-2018" >Sustainable Tourism 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-growth-2018" >Urban Growth 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/complex-systems-2018" >Complex Systems 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/water-pollution-2018" >Water Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/friar-2018" >FRIAR 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/susi-2018" >SUSI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/risk-analysis-2018" >Risk Analysis 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/air-pollution-2018" >Air Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/environmental-impact-2018" >Environmental Impact 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/comprail-2018" >COMPRAIL 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/afm-2018" >AFM 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/hpsm-opti-2018" >HPSM/OPTI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-development-and-planning-2018" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/energy-quest-2018" >Energy Quest 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/bem-41" >BEM/MRM 41</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/waste-management-2018" >Waste Management 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-transport-2018" >Urban Transport 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/eco-architecture-2018" >Eco-Architecture 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-agriculture-2018" >Urban Agriculture 2018 </a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item5512 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2017" >2017</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2017/coastal-cities-2017" >Coastal Cities 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/air-pollution-2017" >Air Pollution 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/ecosud-2017" >ECOSUD 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/stremah-2017" >STREMAH 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bim-2017" >BIM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/complex-systems-2017" >Complex Systems 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-and-society-2017" >Water and Society 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/disaster-management-2017" >Disaster Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/timber-structures-2017" >Timber Structures 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/multiphase-flow-2017" >Multiphase Flow 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/materials-characterisation-2017" >Materials Characterisation 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-development-and-planning-2017" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/cmem-2017" >CMEM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/eres-2017" >ERES 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-resources-management-2017" >Water Resources Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/river-basin-management-2017" >River Basin Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/urban-transport-2017" >Urban Transport 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/safe-2017" >SAFE 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bem-mrm-40" >BEM/MRM 40</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-city-2017" >Sustainable City 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/energy-and-sustainability-2017" >Energy and Sustainability 2017</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item4857 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2016" >2016</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2016/big-data-2016" >Big Data 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/defence-heritage-2016" >Defence Heritage 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/islamic-heritage-architecture-2016" >Islamic Heritage Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-tourism-2016" >Sustainable Tourism 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/susi-2016" >SUSI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/risk-analysis-2016" >Risk Analysis 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/complex-systems-2016" >Complex Systems 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/waste-management-2016" >Waste Management 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/environmental-impact-2016" >Environmental Impact 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/air-pollution-2016" >Air Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-transport-2016" >Urban Transport 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-water-2016" >Urban Water 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/water-pollution-2016" >Water Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/friar-2016" >FRIAR 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-city-2016" >Sustainable City 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/eco-architecture-2016" >Eco-Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/comprail-2016" >COMPRAIL 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/afm-2016" >AFM 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/energy-quest-2016" >Energy Quest 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/heat-transfer-2016" >Heat Transfer 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/design-and-nature-2016" >Design and Nature 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/hpsm-opti-2016" >HPSM/OPTI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/bem-mrm-39" >BEM/MRM 39</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/maras-2016" >MARAS 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-development-and-planning-2016" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2016</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item4348 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2015" >2015</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2015/multiphase-flow-2015" >Multiphase Flow 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/contact-and-surface-2015" >Contact and Surface 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/materials-characterisation-2015" >Materials Characterisation 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/cmem-2015" >CMEM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/safe-2015" >SAFE 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/complex-systems-2015" >Complex Systems 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-development-and-planning-2015" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/disaster-management-2015" >Disaster Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/air-pollution-2015" >Air Pollution 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/urban-transport-2015" >Urban Transport 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ecosud-2015" >ECOSUD 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-resources-management-2015" >Water Resources Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/river-basin-management-2015" >River Basin Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/eres-2015" >ERES 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ravage-of-the-planet-iv" >Ravage of the Planet IV</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/coastal-cities-2015" >Coastal Cities 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/stremah-2015" >STREMAH 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-and-society-2015" >Water and Society 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-city-2015" >Sustainable City 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/energy-and-sustainability-2015" >Energy and Sustainability 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bim-2015" >BIM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bem-mrm-38" >BEM/MRM 38</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item3780 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2014" >2014</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-quest-2014" >Energy Quest 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/waste-management-2014" >Waste Management 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/environmental-impact-2014" >Environmental Impact 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/water-pollution-2014" >Water Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-water-2014" >Urban Water 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-transport-2014" >Urban Transport 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/susi-2014" >SUSI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/risk-analysis-2014" >Risk Analysis 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014" >HPSM/OPTI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/maras-2014" >MARAS 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-irrigation-2014" >Sustainable Irrigation 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/friar-2014" >FRIAR 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/comprail-2014" >COMPRAIL 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/afm-2014" >AFM 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/heat-transfer-2014" >Heat Transfer 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/air-pollution-2014" >Air Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-tourism-2014" >Sustainable Tourism 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/design-and-nature-2014" >Design and Nature 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/bemmrm-37" >BEM/MRM 37</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/defence-heritage-2014" >Defence Heritage 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-city-2014" >Sustainable City 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/eco-architecture-2014" >Eco-Architecture 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-and-sustainability-2014" >Energy and Sustainability 2014</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item3734 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2013" >2013</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2013/coastal-processes-2013" >Coastal Processes 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/fluid-structure-interaction-2013" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/food-and-environment-2013" >Food and Environment 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/environmental-health-risk-2013" >Environmental Health Risk 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/biomed-2013" >BIOMED 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/data-2013" >DATA 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/water-resources-management-2013" >Water Resources Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/river-basin-management-2013" >River Basin Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/sustainable-development-and-planning-2013" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/urban-transport-2013" >Urban Transport 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/air-pollution-2013" >Air Pollution 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/materials-characterisation-2013" >Materials Characterisation 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/contact-and-surface-2013" >Contact and Surface 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/bem-mrm-2013" >BEM / MRM 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/ecosud-2013" >ECOSUD 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/energy-and-sustainability-2013" >Energy and Sustainability 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/stremah-2013" >STREMAH 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/cmem-2013" >CMEM 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/multiphase-flow-2013" >Multiphase Flow 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/eres-2013" >ERES 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/disaster-management-2013" >Disaster Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/water-and-society-2013" >Water and Society 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/safe-2013" >SAFE 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/bemmrm-36" >BEM/MRM 36</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/sustainable-city-2013" >Sustainable City 2013</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item3735 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2012" >2012</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2012/urban-water-2012" >Urban Water 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/sustainable-city-2012" >Sustainable City 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/urban-transport-2012" >Urban Transport 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/airpollution-2012" >Air Pollution 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/forest-fires-2012" >Forest Fires 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/debris-flow-2012" >Debris Flow 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/friar-2012" >FRIAR 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/defence-sites-heritage-and-future-2012" >Defence Sites: Heritage and Future 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-designnature" >Design and Nature 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-sustourism" >Sustainable Tourism 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/12-hpsm" >HPSM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/opti-2012" >OPTI 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/bemmrm-2012" >BEM/MRM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/afm-2012" >AFM 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/heat-transfer-2012" >Heat Transfer 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/environmental-impact-2012" >Environmental Impact 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/waste-management-2012" >Waste Management 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/water-pollution-2012" >Water Pollution 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/tribology-and-design-2012" >Tribology and Design 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/susi-2012" >SUSI 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/eco-architecture-2012" >Eco-Architecture 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/comprail-2012" >COMPRAIL 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/islands-2012" >Islands 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/risk-analysis-2012" >Risk Analysis 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/petroleum-2012" >Petroleum 2012</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2012/sustainable-irrigation-2012" >Sustainable Irrigation 2012</a></li></ul></li><li class="selected parent item2571 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2011" >2011</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2011/energy-2011" >Energy 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/ecosud-2011" >ECOSUD 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/coastalprocesses-2011" >Coastal Processes 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/fluidstructureinteraction-2011" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/disaster-management-2011" >Disaster Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/light-2011" >Light 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/waterresourcesmanagement-2011" >Water Resources Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/riverbasinmanagement-2011" >River Basin Management 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/cmem-2011" >CMEM 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/urbantransport-2011" >Urban Transport 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/materialscharacterisation-2011" >Materials Characterisation 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/multiphase-flow-2011" >Multiphase Flow 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/foodandenvironment-2011" >Food and Environment 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/bemmrm-2011" >BEM/MRM 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/safe-2011" >SAFE 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/sustainablechemistry-2011" >Sustainable Chemistry 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/sdp-2011" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/environmentalhealthrisk-2011" >Environmental Health Risk 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/biomed-2011" >BIOMED 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/stremah-2011" >STREMAH 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/eres-2011" >ERES 2011</a></li><li id="current" class="selected"><a href="/conferences/2011/lakesustainability-2011" >Lake Sustainability 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/airpollution-2011" >Air Pollution 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/contact-and-surface-2011" >Contact and Surface 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/waterandsociety-2011" >Water and Society 2011</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2011/ravageoftheplanet-2011" >Ravage of the Planet 2011</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item27 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2010" >2010</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2010/eco-architecture-2010" >Eco-Architecture 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/the-sustainable-city-2010" >The Sustainable City 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/islands-2010" >Islands 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/environmental-economics-2010" >Environmental Economics 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/environmental-toxicology-2010" >Environmental Toxicology 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/urban-transport-2010" >Urban Transport 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/tribology-and-design-2010" >Tribology and Design 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/debris-flow-2010" >Debris Flow 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/friar-2010" >FRIAR 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/sustainable-irrigation-2010" >Sustainable Irrigation 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/water-pollution-2010" >Water Pollution 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/air-pollution-2010" >Air Pollution 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/forest-fires-2010" >Forest Fires 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/design-and-nature-2010" >Design and Nature 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/sustainable-tourism-2010" >Sustainable Tourism 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/waste-management-2010" >Waste Management 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/heat-transfer-2010" >Heat Transfer 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/hpsm-2010" >HPSM 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/susi-2010" >SUSI 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/comprail-2010" >COMPRAIL 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/bem-mrm-32-2010" >BEM / MRM 32</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/risk-analysis-2010" >Risk Analysis 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/brownfields-2010" >Brownfields 2010</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2010/afm-2010" >AFM 2010</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item1483 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2009" >2009</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2009/eres-2009" >ERES 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/sustainable-development-2009" >Sustainable Development 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/fluid-structure-interaction-2009" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/biomed-2009" >BIOMED 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/data-mining-2009" >Data Mining 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/opti-2009" >OPTI 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/contactsurface-2009" >Contact/Surface 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/cmem-2009" >CMEM 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/multiphase-flow-2009" >Multiphase Flow 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/materials-characterisation-2009" >Materials Characterisation 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/urban-transport-2009" >Urban Transport 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/energy-and-sustainability-2009" >Energy and Sustainability 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/electrocor-2009" >ELECTROCOR 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/safe-2009" >SAFE 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/ecosud-2009" >ECOSUD 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/air-pollution-2009" >Air Pollution 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/stremah-2009" >STREMAH 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/bemmrm-31-2009" >BEM/MRM 31</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/river-basin-management-2009" >River Basin Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/water-resources-management-2009" >Water Resources Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/coastal-processes-2009" >Coastal Processes 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/environmental-health-risk-2009" >Environmental Health Risk 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/disaster-management-2009" >Disaster Management 2009</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/regional-airports-seminar-2009" >Regional Airports Seminar</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2009/ravage-of-the-planet-2009" >Ravage of the Planet 2009</a></li></ul></li><li class="parent item731 dropdown"><a href="/conferences/2008" >2008</a><ul class="dropdown-menu columns"><li><a href="/conferences/2008/risk-analysis-2008" >Risk Analysis 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/brownfields-2008" >Brownfields 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/hpsm-2008" >HPSM 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/susi-2008" >SUSI 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/coastal-environment-2008" >Coastal Environment 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/afm-2008" >AFM 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/data-mining-2008" >Data Mining 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/computational-finance-2008" >Computational Finance 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/environmental-economics-2008" >Environmental Economics 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/waste-management-2008" >Waste Management 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/environmental-toxicology-2008" >Environmental Toxicology 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/water-pollution-2008" >Water Pollution 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/sustainable-irrigation-2008" >Sustainable Irrigation 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/geo-environment-2008" >Geo-Environment 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/debris-flow-2008" >Debris Flow 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/eco-architecture-2008" >Eco-Architecture 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/design-and-nature-2008" >Design and Nature 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/friar-2008" >FRIAR 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/bemmrm-30-2008" >BEM/MRM 30</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/heat-transfer-2008" >Heat Transfer 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/urban-transport-2008" >Urban Transport 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/sustainable-tourism-2008" >Sustainable Tourism 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/underground-spaces-2008" >Underground Spaces 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/comprail-2008" >COMPRAIL 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/forest-fires-2008" >Forest Fires 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/air-pollution-2008" >Air Pollution 2008</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2008/the-sustainable-city-2008" >The Sustainable City 2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse visible-xs-block"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#myNavbar"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">Wessex Institute</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="myNavbar"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/" >Home</a></li><li class="active dropdown parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="#" >WIT Conferences</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2025" 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Society 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/cmem-2021" >CMEM 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/eres-2021" >ERES 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/stremah-2021" >STREMAH 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/bem-mrm-44" >BEM/MRM 44</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/urban-and-maritime-transport-2021" >Urban and Maritime Transport 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/afm-mpf-2021" >AFM/MPF 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/materials-characterisation-2021" >Materials Characterisation 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/sustainable-city-2021" >Sustainable City 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/energy-and-sustainability-2021" >Energy and Sustainability 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/air-pollution-2021" >Air Pollution 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/bim-2021" >BIM 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/safe-2021" >SAFE 2021</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2021/disaster-management-2021" >Disaster Management 2021</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2020" >2020</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2020/air-pollution-2020" >Air Pollution 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/islamic-heritage-2020" >Islamic Heritage 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/environmental-impact-2020" >Environmental Impact 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/energy-production-and-management-2020" >Energy Production and Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/susi-2020" >SUSI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/risk-analysis-2020" >Risk Analysis 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/comprail-2020" >COMPRAIL 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/waste-management-2020" >Waste Management 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-tourism-2020" >Sustainable Tourism 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/afm-2020" >AFM 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/hpsm-opti-2020" >HPSM/OPTI 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/eco-architecture-2020" >Eco-Architecture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-transport-2020" >Urban Transport 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-development-and-planning-2020" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-growth-2020" >Urban Growth 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/sustainable-city-2020" >Sustainable City 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/friar-2020" >FRIAR 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/urban-agriculture-2020" >Urban Agriculture 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/water-pollution-2020" >Water Pollution 2020</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2020/bem-43" >BEM/MRM 43</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2019" >2019</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-resources-management-2019" >Water Resources Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/river-basin-management-2019" >River Basin Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/multiphase-flow-2019" >Multiphase Flow 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/materials-characterisation-2019" >Materials Characterisation 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/cmem-2019" >CMEM 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/eres-2019" >ERES 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/urban-transport-2019" >Urban Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/air-pollution-2019" >Air Pollution 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bem-42" >BEM/MRM 42</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/energy-and-sustainability-2019" >Energy and Sustainability 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/maritime-transport-2019" >Maritime Transport 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/coastal-cities-2019" >Coastal Cities 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/safe-2019" >SAFE 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/disaster-management-2019" >Disaster Management 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/sustainable-city-2019" >Sustainable City 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/water-and-society-2019" >Water and Society 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/stremah-2019" >STREMAH 2019</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2019/bim-2019" >BIM 2019</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2018" >2018</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2018/islamic-heritage-2018" >Islamic Heritage 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-tourism-2018" >Sustainable Tourism 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-growth-2018" >Urban Growth 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/complex-systems-2018" >Complex Systems 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/water-pollution-2018" >Water Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/friar-2018" >FRIAR 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/susi-2018" >SUSI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/risk-analysis-2018" >Risk Analysis 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/air-pollution-2018" >Air Pollution 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/environmental-impact-2018" >Environmental Impact 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/comprail-2018" >COMPRAIL 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/afm-2018" >AFM 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/hpsm-opti-2018" >HPSM/OPTI 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/sustainable-development-and-planning-2018" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/energy-quest-2018" >Energy Quest 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/bem-41" >BEM/MRM 41</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/waste-management-2018" >Waste Management 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-transport-2018" >Urban Transport 2018</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/eco-architecture-2018" >Eco-Architecture 2018 </a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2018/urban-agriculture-2018" >Urban Agriculture 2018 </a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2017" >2017</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2017/coastal-cities-2017" >Coastal Cities 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/air-pollution-2017" >Air Pollution 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/ecosud-2017" >ECOSUD 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/stremah-2017" >STREMAH 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bim-2017" >BIM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/complex-systems-2017" >Complex Systems 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-and-society-2017" >Water and Society 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/disaster-management-2017" >Disaster Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/timber-structures-2017" >Timber Structures 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/multiphase-flow-2017" >Multiphase Flow 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/materials-characterisation-2017" >Materials Characterisation 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-development-and-planning-2017" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/cmem-2017" >CMEM 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/eres-2017" >ERES 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/water-resources-management-2017" >Water Resources Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/river-basin-management-2017" >River Basin Management 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/urban-transport-2017" >Urban Transport 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/safe-2017" >SAFE 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/bem-mrm-40" >BEM/MRM 40</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/sustainable-city-2017" >Sustainable City 2017</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2017/energy-and-sustainability-2017" >Energy and Sustainability 2017</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2016" >2016</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2016/big-data-2016" >Big Data 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/defence-heritage-2016" >Defence Heritage 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/islamic-heritage-architecture-2016" >Islamic Heritage Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-tourism-2016" >Sustainable Tourism 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/susi-2016" >SUSI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/risk-analysis-2016" >Risk Analysis 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/complex-systems-2016" >Complex Systems 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/waste-management-2016" >Waste Management 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/environmental-impact-2016" >Environmental Impact 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/air-pollution-2016" >Air Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-transport-2016" >Urban Transport 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/urban-water-2016" >Urban Water 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/water-pollution-2016" >Water Pollution 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/friar-2016" >FRIAR 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-city-2016" >Sustainable City 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/eco-architecture-2016" >Eco-Architecture 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/comprail-2016" >COMPRAIL 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/afm-2016" >AFM 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/energy-quest-2016" >Energy Quest 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/heat-transfer-2016" >Heat Transfer 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/design-and-nature-2016" >Design and Nature 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/hpsm-opti-2016" >HPSM/OPTI 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/bem-mrm-39" >BEM/MRM 39</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/maras-2016" >MARAS 2016</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2016/sustainable-development-and-planning-2016" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2016</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2015" >2015</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2015/multiphase-flow-2015" >Multiphase Flow 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/contact-and-surface-2015" >Contact and Surface 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/materials-characterisation-2015" >Materials Characterisation 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/cmem-2015" >CMEM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/safe-2015" >SAFE 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/complex-systems-2015" >Complex Systems 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-development-and-planning-2015" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/disaster-management-2015" >Disaster Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/air-pollution-2015" >Air Pollution 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/urban-transport-2015" >Urban Transport 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ecosud-2015" >ECOSUD 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-resources-management-2015" >Water Resources Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/river-basin-management-2015" >River Basin Management 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/eres-2015" >ERES 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/ravage-of-the-planet-iv" >Ravage of the Planet IV</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/coastal-cities-2015" >Coastal Cities 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/stremah-2015" >STREMAH 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/water-and-society-2015" >Water and Society 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/sustainable-city-2015" >Sustainable City 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/energy-and-sustainability-2015" >Energy and Sustainability 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bim-2015" >BIM 2015</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2015/bem-mrm-38" >BEM/MRM 38</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2014" >2014</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-quest-2014" >Energy Quest 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/waste-management-2014" >Waste Management 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/environmental-impact-2014" >Environmental Impact 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/water-pollution-2014" >Water Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-water-2014" >Urban Water 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/urban-transport-2014" >Urban Transport 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/susi-2014" >SUSI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/risk-analysis-2014" >Risk Analysis 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/hpsmopti-2014" >HPSM/OPTI 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/maras-2014" >MARAS 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-irrigation-2014" >Sustainable Irrigation 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/friar-2014" >FRIAR 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/comprail-2014" >COMPRAIL 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/afm-2014" >AFM 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/heat-transfer-2014" >Heat Transfer 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/air-pollution-2014" >Air Pollution 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-tourism-2014" >Sustainable Tourism 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/design-and-nature-2014" >Design and Nature 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/bemmrm-37" >BEM/MRM 37</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/defence-heritage-2014" >Defence Heritage 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/sustainable-city-2014" >Sustainable City 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/eco-architecture-2014" >Eco-Architecture 2014</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2014/energy-and-sustainability-2014" >Energy and Sustainability 2014</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu parent"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"href="/conferences/2013" >2013</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/conferences/2013/coastal-processes-2013" >Coastal Processes 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/fluid-structure-interaction-2013" >Fluid Structure Interaction 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/food-and-environment-2013" >Food and Environment 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/environmental-health-risk-2013" >Environmental Health Risk 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/biomed-2013" >BIOMED 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/data-2013" >DATA 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/water-resources-management-2013" >Water Resources Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/river-basin-management-2013" >River Basin Management 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/sustainable-development-and-planning-2013" >Sustainable Development and Planning 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/urban-transport-2013" >Urban Transport 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/air-pollution-2013" >Air Pollution 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/materials-characterisation-2013" >Materials Characterisation 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/contact-and-surface-2013" >Contact and Surface 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/bem-mrm-2013" >BEM / MRM 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/ecosud-2013" >ECOSUD 2013</a></li><li><a href="/conferences/2013/energy-and-sustainability-2013" 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class="card-header ">Organiser</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom1176" class="mod-custom custom"> <table border="0" style="width: 100%; float: none; background-image: none;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"><img src="/images/conferences/jos_logo.jpg" alt="jos_logo.jpg" style="width: 26px; height: 30px;" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" /></td> <td>Wessex Institute, UK</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">Sponsor</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom110" class="mod-custom custom"> <div style="text-align: left;"> <table style="width: 100%; float: none; background-image: none;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"><img style="width: 26px; height: 30px;" src="/images/conferences/jos_logo.jpg" alt="jos_logo.jpg" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" /></td> <td>WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">Supported by</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom478" class="mod-custom custom"> <p>University of Copenhagen, Denmark<br /><br /><strong>ISEM</strong> - The International Society of Ecological Modelling</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">Conference Chairmen</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom480" class="mod-custom custom"> <p><strong>S Jorgensen</strong><br />University of Copenhagen, Denmark<br /><br /><strong>C A Brebbia</strong><br />Wessex Institute of Technology, UK<br /><br /><strong>V Popov</strong><br />Wessex Institute of Technology, UK</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="right card "> <h3 class="card-header ">International Scientific Advisory Committee</h3> <div class="card-body"> <div id="mod-custom479" class="mod-custom custom"> <p><strong>P Liu</strong><br />NOAA Great Lakes Research Laboratory, USA<br /><br /><strong>J Melack</strong><br />University of California, Santa Barbara, USA<br /><br /><strong>F Müller</strong><br />University of Kiel, Germany<br /><br /><strong>L Naselli-Flores</strong><br />University of Palermo, Italy<br /><br /><strong>D Olago</strong><br />University of Nairobi, Kenya<br /><br /><strong>W Rast</strong><br />Texas State University, USA<br /><br /><strong>L Tranvik</strong><br />Uppsala University, Sweden</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cols-xs-12 col-md-9 col-md-pull-3"> <div class="main-content"> <div class="com-content-article item-page" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en-GB"> <div itemprop="articleBody" class="com-content-article__body"> <p><span class="contentheading">Lake Sustainability 2011 </span></p> <h3><span style="color: #254a8c; line-height: 20px;"><span style="color: #000000;">First International Conference on Lake Sustainability</span> </span></h3> <h3><img style="float: right;" src="/images/conferences/2008/pcr_images/pcr2.jpg" alt="pcr.jpg" width="350" height="33" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" /></h3> <p>13 - 15 September 2011<br /> New Forest, UK<span style="color: #ffffff;"><br /></span></p> <h2> Overview</h2> <p><img style="margin: 4px; width: 200px; height: 250px; float: right;" title="SDP 2011" src="/images/conferences/2011/covers/lake11_200x250.jpg" alt="lake11_200x250" width="200" height="250" />The first International Conference on Lake Sustainability took place at the Wessex Institute of Technology (WIT) Campus with the support of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, represented by Professor Sven Jorgensen; and the Wessex Institute of Technology, represented by Professors Carlos A Brebbia and Viktor Popov.<br /><br />The conference on lake sustainability brought together researchers and practitioners from a wide range of different disciplines involved in the study of lake environments and ecosystems.<br /><br />The management of lakes is facing numerous challenges nowadays, some of them related to natural and many others to anthropogenic causes.  Climate change in particular will have serious consequences for lake environments, while man’s increasing demands will require an integrated approach to lake management, considering not only the entire watershed area but also the different socio-economic and ecological aspects.  Any proposed solution will require improvements in ecosystems services, and the development of lake ecosystems.  Furthermore, more information needs to be processed and shared regarding lake and habitat restoration.<br /><img style="margin: 4px; float: right;" title="Lake Sustainability 2011" src="/images/conferences/2011/Post-conf_reports/Lakes_conf.jpg" alt="Lakes_conf" width="185" height="123" /><br />Lake systems are complex and characterized by being in a continuous state of evolution and change.  They can easily be disturbed, leading to major ecological or environmental disasters as evidenced by many cases in the past.  Their behaviour requires careful analysis before attempts are made to alter existing conditions.  Well documented disasters have emphasised the need to consider lake environments in their entirety, applying interdisciplinary approaches.<br /><br />The conference dealt with all topics related to the behaviour of lakes, including physical, biological, pollution, water resources management, socio-economic aspects, restoration and exploitation.<br /><br />Professor Carlos A Brebbia opened the conference by thanking all the delegates for their presence, particularly the invited presenters and Professor Sven Jorgensen, the keynote speaker.<br /><br /></p> <div class="jce_caption" style="width: 135px; margin: 4px; float: right; display: inline-block;"><img style="float: right;" title="Professor Carlos Brebbia" src="/images/conferences/2011/Post-conf_reports/Lakes_Carlos.jpg" alt="Lakes_Carlos" width="135" height="170" /> <div style="text-align: center; clear: both;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><em>Professor Carlos Brebbia</em></span></div> </div> <p>Professor Brebbia then described the function of WIT as an organisation dedicated to knowledge transfer.  This is accomplished by a variety of different activities, including research; working in collaboration with other institutions; training at PhD level; producing papers and books through the academic publishers, WIT Press; carrying out industrial research and consulting and the organisation of numerous international conferences and courses.<br /><br />Professor Brebbia then pointed out the importance of a conference such as lake sustainability, the proceedings of which are distributed all over the world in addition to be permanently archived in the eLibrary of the Wessex Institute at <a href="https://www.witpress.com/elibrary" target="_blank">https://www.witpress.com/elibrary</a>  He also mentioned the International Journals launched by the Wessex Institute, including the one on Design & Nature and Ecodynamics which is closely related to the conference topics.<br /><br />Professor Brebbia ended his introductory remarks by again thanking the delegates for their contribution and hoping that they will have an occasion to hold discussions with WIT researchers, in spite of the tight conference schedule.</p> <h2> Keynote Address by Professor Sven Jorgensen</h2> <div class="jce_caption" style="width: 135px; margin: 4px; float: right; display: inline-block;"><img style="float: right;" title="Professor Sven Jorgensen" src="/images/conferences/2011/Post-conf_reports/Lakes_Sven.jpg" alt="Lakes_Sven" width="135" height="167" /> <div style="text-align: center; clear: both;"><em><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Professor Sven Jorgensen</span></em></div> </div> <p>Professor Brebbia then introduced Sven Jorgensen, Professor of Analytic Chemistry at Copenhagen University.  Professor Jorgensen, who is internationally renown in the field of ecosystems, has carried out extensive research in lakes.  He is author of many papers and has received numerous recognitions for his outstanding work.  He is recipient of the 2004 Prigogine Medal, established by the University of Siena and the Wessex Institute of Technology to honour the memory of the Nobel Prize winner who was the originator of the evolutionary physics and chemistry concepts underlying much of modern ecosystems theory.<br /><br />Sven Jorgensen gave a keynote address and spoke about Structurally Dynamic Models (SDM) of lakes.  This is a recent development in ecological modelling.  These models have parameters which can vary to account for the adaptations and shifts in species compostion of the ecosystems.  The models are particularly important for lakes because lakes present numerous changes as well as many structural changes.  These parameters required for the model can be fed into expert systems and databases.  The important point is that ecosystems have a high degree of heterogeneity in time and space.  They include external factors and forcing functions.<br /><br />The model developed by Professor Jorgensen uses exergy differences or gradients which account for the work produced in terms of chemical potential.  This exergy, or energy provided for work, includes all genetic information.<br /><br />Exergy is the amount of work that the system can perform, with the thermodynamic equations as the reference system.  Ecosystems strive towards the highest possible amount of work energy.  It can be considered as the thermodynamic translation of Darwin’s theory; the survival of the fittest. <br /><br />Professor Jorgensen then described how the exergy of different organisms can be found.  The amount of exergy constantly changes with time in response to external factors as well as internal processes.<br /><br />The concepts developed using SDM principles can improve the quality of the model used both for calibration and validation.  It has been successfully applied in 25 different cases, half of them in lakes, including Lake Mogan in Turkey and Lake Tai in China.  The SDM can be used with confidence as proved by numerous applications.  They include important and large lakes as well as smaller water bodies and take into account pollution effects.  SDM can explain success or failure by bio-manipulation. <br /><br />Professor Jorgensen ended his keynote address by referring to the Fuse Lake case in Denmark.  It was decided to recover the lake ecosystem but it was claimed that such recovery was going to be slow.  Because of this it was decided to make use of bio-manipulation to accelerate it.  This will not only stop damaging chemicals and other pollutants being forced into the lake but also try to process the bottom sediments accumulated over many years.  The SDM was used to model and predict the effects of different factors.  <br /><br />In conclusion, Professor Jorgensen asserted that SDMs offer a powerful tool for our better understanding of lake ecosystems.</p> <h2> Keynote Address by Professor Antonio Camacho</h2> <p>Another keynote presentation was delivered by Professor Antonio Camacho of the University of Valencia who has carried out outstanding work on Maritime Antarctic lakes.  His presentation referred to the importance of those lakes as indicators of climate change.<br /><br />The work originated following a project on Alpine and Antarctic lakes supported by the EU.  The project considered the anthropogenic effects and pollution as well as climate change.  The conclusion was that it was necessary to search for lakes not affected by climate change.  The only such lakes are to be found in the poles.  Antarctic Maritime lakes are free of ice for certain periods and were deemed to be ideal for climate change studies.  They have remained in the same state for a huge period of time.<br /><br />The studies carried out by Professor Camacho were on lakes located in the Graham peninsula.  These lakes are still remote, isolated, uninhabited, and very sensitive to invasions.  It was found that they have experienced changes due to global warming, with the glaciers in the region retreating.  The lake ecosystems in the Antarctic are changing due to the invasion of other species, including man.<br /><br />There are indicators of strong warming effects, earlier ice melting, higher biotic interaction and increased inversions. It is – Antonio said – as if the Antarctic ‘Ecosystems were moving to the bottom!’</p> <h2> Keynote Address by Ni-Bin Chang</h2> <p>The keynote address by Ni-Bin Chang from the University of Central Florida described the research carried out on Lake Okeechobee which covers an area of 1,800km2.  The water discharges in the Everglades and its water balance is critical for the ecological balance of the area.  The lake water is also needed for irrigation and human needs in an increasingly over-populated area.  It is also essential to monitor the water quality of the lake, which is done through a network of stations.  The pollution is complicated by the climate conditions and the number of hurricanes affecting the region, which have a great impact in a shallow lake like Okeechobee.  The hurricanes disturb the lake ecology and in particular produce erosion and sediment transport problems which are the subject of continued research.</p> <h2> Excursions</h2> <p>The delegates were taken for a lunchtime visit to Bucklers Hard, an important historical site in the New Forest.  It was there that many of the ships of the Royal Navy at the time of Nelson were built with local New Forest oak.  The site, which is located on the Beaulieu River, displays a series of shipyard working cottages and an excellent museum where the history of the place is described as well as the way the ships were built.<br /><br />At the end of the first conference day, a barbeque took place in the grounds of Ashurst Lodge, where the delegates had occasion to get to know each other better.<br /><img style="margin: 4px 4px 4px 8px; float: right;" title="Blashford Lakes" src="/images/conferences/2011/Post-conf_reports/Lakes_Blashford.jpg" alt="Lakes_Blashford" width="186" height="136" /><br />An important technical visit took place during the second day of the conference.  The delegates were taken to Blashford Lakes which are located on the northern boundary of the New Forest.  The presentations were given by a staff member of Wessex Water, describing the ecology and engineering aspects of the lakes.  The presentations were followed by a guided tour of the lakes which included the description of experiments currently taking place to improve the quality of the water.<br /><br />Following the visit and lunch, the participants returned by way of Winchester, where they stopped for a guided tour of its historic Cathedral, followed by a walk around the surrounding area.  The visit was guided by Cathedral staff who were able to highlight the main points of interest in what is one of the most important religious buildings in the country.</p> <h2> Conference Dinner</h2> <p><img style="margin: 4px 4px 4px 8px; float: right;" title="Conference dinner" src="/images/conferences/2011/Post-conf_reports/Lakes_Dinner.jpg" alt="Lakes_Dinner" width="185" height="127" />The conference dinner took place in Rhinefield House Hotel, another historical site of the New Forest.  This hotel was originally one of the Royal hunting lodges in the Forest.  The current building is approximately 150 years old and built in an impressive Scottish castle style.  Built by a family who owned valuable coal mines in Nottingham, the building interior is decorated in a series of different styles. They range from a huge main hall with a roof similar to the House of Commons in London, to Spanish Mudejar smaller room; it reflects a particularly rich and period of country house architecture in Britain.  The participants were entertained by a gifted local guitarist who played a series of classical and other well-known pieces on the Spanish guitar.<br /><br />At the end of the dinner, Carlos thanked the delegates for having attended the conference and offered them as a souvenir a piece of pottery specially commissioned for the occasion.  The potter, an artist from the New Forest area produces the pieces in the traditional way, including firing them in a wood burning oven rather than the electric ones used by most potters nowadays.<br /><br />The success of the conference will ensure that it is reconvened in a place and at a date to be decided shortly.</p> <h2> Publication of Papers</h2> <p>Extended versions of the conference presentations are processed for publication in the International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics and will be available for purchase at the beginning of 2012.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container wessex-footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="mod-custom401" class="mod-custom custom"> <p><strong><img src="/images/wit_logo.png" alt="wit logo" style="margin-right: 5px; float: left;" />Wessex Institute</strong><br /> Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton <span style="white-space: nowrap;">SO40 7AA</span>, UK <br /><span style="color: white; white-space: nowrap; margin-right: 15px;">Tel: +44 (0)238 029 3223</span> <span style="color: white; white-space: nowrap; margin-right: 15px;">Fax: +44 (0)238 029 2853</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">Email: wit@wessex.ac.uk<a href="mailto:wit@wessex.ac.uk"></a></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Translation tool powered by Google. 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