United Nations Digital Library System

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"/> <title>United Nations Digital Library System</title> <link rev="made" href="mailto:library-ny@un.org"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/img/lightgallery.min.css?a94c4de3d8028fc56b148e8f66524e59"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/img/invenio.css?2e0834542b7196aa231295d8f13fef93" type="text/css"/>   <link rel="canonical" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=ar" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="United Nations Digital Library System RSS" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/rss"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/opensearchdescription" title="United Nations Digital Library System"/> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/unapi"/> <meta name="description" content="United Nations Digital Library System - United Nations Digital Library System"/> <meta name="keywords" content="United Nations Digital Library System, United Nations Digital Library System"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.min.js?e6c2415c0ace414e5153670314ce99a9"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-migrate-1.4.1.min.js?7121994eec5320fbe6586463bf9651c2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-ui.min.js?1e2047978946a1d271356d0b557a84a3"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var bibformatThumbnailFullPreview = false; window.translations_hash_names_reverse_lookup = {"af": "af.json", "ar": "ar.json", "bg": "bg.json", "ca": "ca.json", "cs": "cs.80b821629549b65dbc3d4a37d9bd03bc.json", "de": "de.3f8d827770af8be711b289f792577a84.json", "el": "el.json", "en": "en.014335b5688ab32580eea33a6e7c3a45.json", "es": "es.0cd6347396b234d4ef54d632cde369a0.json", "fa": "fa.9414ad8f1510acbae6c1753ce8cbb3b8.json", "fr": "fr.json", "gl": "gl.8d93250c7ce65445b3b265af84598841.json", "hr": "hr.71a5cae8f3f05c11261d134ef7d4633e.json", "hu": "hu.2fddb089d91d7f5bee21f6f1dfada09b.json", "it": "it.11cca2d9ee048d350edcb6f30963c8ab.json", "ja": "ja.json", "ka": "ka.a68ad365c4c42fef3581e4ca981ac0bd.json", "lt": "lt.json", "messages": "messages.json", "no": "no.json", "pl": "pl.0f3a826f00d453c6196a4271d612d4d8.json", "pt": "pt.5a2c901bf308187b4d1cf9d3fa36fc0d.json", "ro": "ro.json", "ru": "ru.json", "rw": "rw.e69aacb251911f42af293a52af3067b0.json", "sk": "sk.be27034ef49529b200eb26dda5efe4e5.json", "sv": "sv.json", "uk": "uk.json", "zh_CN": "zh_CN.json", "zh_TW": "zh_TW.json"}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/tind.js?a22e6695e3fc69c4e1076df71dd2f9c6"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/img/select2.min.css?9f54e6414f87e0d14b9e966f19a174f9"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/img/select2-bootstrap.min.css?b8ec8e1bea84f6c51fcbbc184a2982fc"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/select2.full.min.js?d53e9f5d63ed6e33dd7c368b85851658"></script> <script type="module" src="/js/tinduicomponents/tinduicomponents/tinduicomponents.esm.js?29d7d709d2a323c7727a9412b0ba2953"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/pdfjs-2.9.359/build/pdf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> pdfjsLib.GlobalWorkerOptions.workerSrc = "/js/pdfjs-2.9.359/build/pdf.worker.js"; </script> <meta content="United Nations Digital Library System" property="og:title"><meta content="United Nations Digital Library System" property="og:site_name"><meta content="https://digitallibrary.un.org" property="og:url"><meta content="website" property="og:type"><meta content="United Nations Digital Library System - United Nations Digital Library System" property="og:description"> </head> <body class="home search">  <div style="display: none;"> <tindui-spinner></tindui-spinner> <tindui-bibrecord-thumbnail></tindui-bibrecord-thumbnail> <tindui-app-advanced-search></tindui-app-advanced-search> </div> <div class="pageheader">  <div class="headerbox headerlogo"> <div class="topleftmenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu neutrallist"> <li class="topleftmenu headermoduleboxbody mobile-menu-accordion"><div class="hassubmenu"><span class="langinfo headerspan">English</span><ul class="subsubmenu"><li class="langoption" data-ln="ar"><a href="/?ln=ar">العربية</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="es"><a href="/?ln=es">Español</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="fr"><a href="/?ln=fr">Français</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="ru"><a href="/?ln=ru">Русский</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="zh_CN"><a href="/?ln=zh_CN">中文(简)</a></li></ul></div></li> </ul> </div> <a class="menu-toggle"> <span class="menu-icon"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-bars"></i></span> </a> <ul class="menu topmenu neutrallist" style="display:none;"> <li class="headermoduleboxbodyselected mobile-menu-accordion"> <a class="headerselected" href="/?ln=en">Search</a> </li> <li class="headermoduleboxbody mobile-menu-accordion"> <a class="header" href="/pages/?ln=en&page=search"> Help </a> </li> <li class="headermoduleboxbody mobile-menu-accordion"> <a class="header" href="/pages/?ln=en&page=tos"> Terms </a> </li> <li class="headermoduleboxbody mobile-menu-accordion"> <a class="header" href="https://www.un.org/en/library/contact-us"> Contact </a> </li> <li id="lang-mobile-select" class="headermoduleboxbody mobile-menu-accordion"><div class="hassubmenu"><span class="langinfo headerspan">English</span><ul class="subsubmenu"><li class="langoption" data-ln="ar"><a href="/?ln=ar">العربية</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="es"><a href="/?ln=es">Español</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="fr"><a href="/?ln=fr">Français</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="ru"><a href="/?ln=ru">Русский</a></li><li class="langoption" data-ln="zh_CN"><a href="/?ln=zh_CN">中文(简)</a></li></ul></div></li> <li id="userinfo-mobile" class="headermoduleboxbody mobile-menu-accordion"><i class="user-icon"></i><span class="account"></span><span class="separator"></span> <a class="userinfo logout" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/youraccount/login?ln=en&referer=https%3A//digitallibrary.un.org/%3F">login</a></li> </ul> <div class="userinfoboxbody"> <i class="user-icon"></i><span class="account"></span><span class="separator"></span> <a class="userinfo logout" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/youraccount/login?ln=en&referer=https%3A//digitallibrary.un.org/%3F">login</a> </div> </div> <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> </td> </tr> </table>  </div> <div class="headerboxbodylogo-wrapper"> <div class="headerboxbodylogo "> <div class="logo-wrapper"> <a class="header-link has-img" aria-label="Homepage link - United Nations Digital Library System" href="/?ln=en" > <img class="header-img" src="/img/main_logo_en.png" alt="United Nations Digital Library System"/> </a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="pagebody "> <div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <form name="search" action="/search" method="get">  <input type="hidden" name="ln" value="en" /> <table class="searchbox simplesearch"> <thead> <tr style="text-align:left;"> <th colspan="3" class="searchboxheader">Explore documents, votes, speeches, public domain publications and more!</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:baseline"> <td class="searchboxbody" style="text-align:left;"> <input id="search-input-p" type="text" name="p" size="40" value="" class="simplesearchfield" aria-label="Search" /> </td> <td class="searchboxbody" style="text-align:left;"><select id="searchwithin-select-f" name="f" aria-label="f"><option value="" selected="selected">any field</option><option value="author">author</option><option value="title">title</option><option value="documentsymbol">document symbol</option><option value="agenda">agenda</option><option value="year">year</option><option value="notes">abstract and notes</option><option value="series">series</option><option value="subject">subject</option><option value="fulltext">fulltext</option></select></td> <td class="searchboxbody" style="text-align:left;"> <input class="formbutton" type="submit" name="action_search" value="Search" /> <input class="formbutton" type="submit" name="action_browse" value="Browse" /></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:baseline"> <td class="searchboxbody" colspan="3" style="text-align:left; z-index: 1; position: relative;"> <small class="links"><a href="/docs/search-guide/?ln=en" id="">Search Tips</a> :: <a href="/search?ln=en&as=1" id="advanced-search-link">Advanced Search</a> :: <a href="/collection/Authorities?ln=en" id="">Authority Search</a></small> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>  <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="narrowandfocusonsearchbox"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div class="narrowsearch-slidein container-fluid" style="display:none;"> <h3>Narrow by collection:</h3> <div class="narrowsearch-left"> <div class="narrowsearch-slidein-category" > <input id="child-col-0" role="group" type="checkbox" aria-label="Collection Resource Type" name="c" value="Resource Type" checked="checked" /> <span class="collection-first-level collection-father-has-grandchildren"><a href="/collection/Resource%20Type?ln=en">Resource Type</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(1,154,861)</small></span><ul class="collection-second-level"> <li><a href="/collection/Documents%20and%20Publications?ln=en">Documents and Publications</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(754,152)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Maps?ln=en">Maps</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(2,958)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Images%20and%20Sounds?ln=en">Images and Sounds</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(195)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Voting%20Data?ln=en">Voting Data</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(23,211)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Speeches?ln=en">Speeches</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(374,412)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Datasets?ln=en">Datasets</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(6)</small></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="narrowsearch-right"> <div class="narrowsearch-slidein-category" > <input id="child-col-1" role="group" type="checkbox" aria-label="Collection UN Bodies" name="c" value="UN Bodies" checked="checked" /> <span class="collection-first-level collection-father-has-grandchildren"><a href="/collection/UN%20Bodies?ln=en">UN Bodies</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(1,096,674)</small></span><ul class="collection-second-level"> <li><a href="/collection/Economic%20and%20Social%20Council?ln=en">Economic and Social Council</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(224,636)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/General%20Assembly?ln=en">General Assembly</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(512,509)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/International%20Court%20of%20Justice?ln=en">International Court of Justice</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(415)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Secretariat?ln=en">Secretariat</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(77,710)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Security%20Council?ln=en">Security Council</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(185,510)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Trusteeship%20Council?ln=en">Trusteeship Council</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(21,075)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Human%20Rights%20Bodies?ln=en">Human Rights Bodies</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(103,434)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Economic%20Commissions?ln=en">Economic Commissions</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(70,323)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Programs%20and%20Funds?ln=en">Programmes and Funds</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(34,564)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Research%20institutions?ln=en">Research and Training Institutions</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(4,493)</small></li> <li><a href="/collection/Other%20UN%20bodies%20and%20Entities?ln=en">Other UN Bodies and Entities</a> <small class="nbdoccoll">(23,294)</small></li></ul></div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var collection_collapsed_on_frontpage = false; </script> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> </table> <button type="submit" style="display: none" onclick="event.preventDefault();"></button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="pagefooter row" role="contentinfo"> <div id="botmiddle_links" class="col-sm-8 col-sm-offset-2"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.un.org/library">United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a> | <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ungeneva.org/en/knowledge/library">UNOG Library</a> | <a target="_blank" href="https://www.unescwa.org/library">ESCWA Library</a></div> <script src="/js/lightgallery.min.js?ddf3eb0893125d35cccb7ffab635ab1e"></script> <script src="/js/lg-autoplay.min.js?e19b8897c2c73a00b0c377707038bb03"></script> <script src="/js/lg-fullscreen.min.js?4abea06c34d9752ab7a2de1977bc0949"></script> <script src="/js/lg-hash.min.js?b171c32acc647d760c4ed3ce1ab0c0ff"></script> <script src="/js/lg-pager.min.js?d5385283f020def8c791dc72c67160d9"></script> <script src="/js/lg-share.min.js?8f8f324b16c8dc8556c7c769f6616df2"></script> <script src="/js/lg-thumbnail.min.js?8e13ac6ffdd9056fb69a881e8c0b9fe8"></script> <script src="/js/lg-video.min.js?a8eb679340f0bf4fe8691cb9bceea9bd"></script> <script src="/js/lg-zoom.min.js?c93eeb6d6482ac9d126cb7ebac0a1b5c"></script>  <script src="/js/jquery.mousewheel.min.js?d5843dbdc71ff8014a5eafd346a262da"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <div id="libchat_0c220831cac3081236c264df8c9531a4"></div> <script src="https://ask.un.org/load_chat.php?hash=0c220831cac3081236c264df8c9531a4"></script> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create', 'UA-7791431-15', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); ga('create', 'UA-4803886-1', 'auto', {'name': 'UN'}); ga('UN.send', 'pageview'); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-2HQ2GRLJCJ"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-2HQ2GRLJCJ'); </script>  <script type='text/javascript'> var _paq = _paq || []; _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function () { var u = 'https://stats.tind.io/'; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u + 'piwik.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', 1165]); var d = document, g = d.createElement('script'), s = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type = 'text/javascript'; g.async = true; g.defer = true; g.src = u + 'piwik.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s); })(); </script> <noscript><p><img src='https://stats.tind.io/piwik.php?idsite=1165' style='border:0;' alt=''/></p> </noscript>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.simple-dtpicker.js?52840f3d41b7bff7f02018aa18c08d32"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/d3.min.js?5bc245068b1b70d4c3eaef79045023e4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/c3-0.4.10.min.js?e4b016d8d1ec301f5a604e4c3d780671"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/spin.min.js?649ea3a79c1ac7a54c20041e0c015234"></script> </footer> <input type="hidden" name="csrf_token" value="03db44b3d2e36503a6485941622dc19f715a9fd5858da80da354f08b3511c678"> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

United Nations Digital Library System